for lectrures

1. RIZAL COURSE
JOSE ESTRADA
LECTURER

2. THE RIZAL LAW
REPUBLIC ACT 1425 (R.A. 1425)
 H.B. 5561
 S.B.438 (RECTO BILL)
 PASSED ON JUNE 12, 1956
 IT IS AN ACT “TO INCLUDE IN THE CURRICULA
OF ALL PUBLIC AND PRIVATE SCHOOLS,
COLLEGES AND UNIVERSITIES COURSES ON
THE LIFE, WORKS AND WRITINGS OF JOSE
RIZAL, PARTICULARLY HIS NOVELS NOLI ME
TANGERE AND EL FILIBUSTERISMO.
AUTHORIZING THE PRINTING AND
DISTRIBUTION THEREOF, AND FOR OTHER
PURPOSES”.

3. RECTO BILL
 THIS BILL ALMOST DID NOT PASS TO BECOME LAW
 REASONS:
1. CATHOLIC HIERARCHY FOUND 170 PASSAGES IN
NOLI AND 50 PASSAGES IN FILI OFFENSIVE TO
CATHOLIC FAITH
2. CATHOLIC SCHOOLS THREATENED TO CLOSE IF
RIZAL BILL WAS PASSED
3. CHURCH BIGWIGS THREATENED TO PUNISH ERRING
LEGISLATORS IN FUTURE ELECTIONS
4. EXPURGATED NOVELS AS TEXTBOOK WAS
PROPOSED TO BE USED AND UNEXPURGATED
COPIES SHOULD BE LOCKED IN SCHOOL LIBRARY
AND CAN ONLY BE USED UPON THE DISCRETION OF
THE HIGHER SCHOOL OFFICIALS

4. WHO WAS EXEMPTED TO TAKE RIZAL COURSE?
ANY ONE THAT FEELS THAT READING RIZAL’S NOVELS
WOULD DAMAGE HIS/HER FAITH
HOW CAN ONE GET EXEMPTION?
GO TO DEPARTMENT OF EDUCATION
PRESENT AFFIDAVIT ATTESTING ONE’S BRITTLE FAITH
IS IT REALLY EXEMPTION FROM TAKING RIZAL
COURSE?
 NO…ONLY FROM READING THE NOVELS OF RIZAL

6. NATIONALISM & FILIPINO NATIONALISM
NATIONALISM
 LOVE OF ONE’S COUNTRY
 CONSCIOUSNESS, A FEELING OR
SENTIMENT OF BELONGINGNESS TO A
PARTICULAR COMMUNITY, GROUP OR RACE
AS A RESULT OF HAVING A COMMON OR
SHARED LANGUAGE, RELIGION, TRADITION,
AND HISTORY AND VALUES SYSTEM

7. FILIPINO NATIONALISM
 PRODUCT OF SOCIAL, ECONOMIC AND
POLITICAL CHANGES DURING THE 19TH
CENTURY
 BEFORE THE 19TH CENTURY THERE WAS NO
NATIONAL CONSCIOUSNESS HENCE, NO
FILIPINO NATIONALISM

8.  ALTHOUGH UNITED AS UNITED AS ONE
GEOGRAPHICAL UNIT CALLED LAS ISLAS
FILIPINAS DURING THE SPANISH COLONIAL
RULE, THE PEOPLE CALLED FILIPINOS
APPLIED ONLY TO THE SPANIARDS BORN
IN THE PHILIPPINES (INSULARES), AND THE
INDIGENTS WERE DEROGATORILY CALLED
INDIOS. THE INDIOS WERE NOT UNITED IN
WORDS AND IN DEEDS, AS THE SPANISH
CHURCH AND STATE OFFICIALS, MAINLY
THE FRIARS, DIVIDED AND RULED THE
NATIVES. THUS, THE “INDIOS”, BECAME
“FILIPINO” ONLY DURING THE LAST YEARS
OF SPANISH REGIME (AGONCILLO,1990)

9. FORMS OF FILIPINO NATIONALISM IN
19TH CENTURY
A. ILLUSTRADO OR THE MIDDLE CLASS
 ASKED FOR REFORMS
B. MASSES
 AIMED FOR FREEDOM AND INDEPENDENCE
THROUGH ARMED REVOLUTION

10. EVENTS THAT LEAD TO EMERGENCE OF
FILIPINO NATIONALISM
1. OPENING OF THE PHILIPPINES IN THE
WORLD TRADE
 THE OPENING OF THE PORT OF MANILA TO
THE INTERNATIONAL TRADE IN 1834
RESULTED TO TREMENDOUS SOCIO-
ECONOMIC CHANGES ON THE PHILIPPINES
AFTER DECADES OF ECONOMIC
STAGNATION BROUGHT ABOUT BY SPANISH
MONOPOLISTIC POLICIES

11.  DESPITE ECONOMIC RESTRICTIONS,
FOREIGN INVESTORS FLOCKED THE
PHILIPPINES RESULTING TO THE BOOMING
OF DIFFERENT ECONOMIC
ESTABLISHMENTS AND INSTITUTIONS
 THE OPENING OF THE PHILIPPINES TO THE
WORLD TRADE GENERATED A GREAT
DEMAND FOR EXPORT GOODS SUCH AS
RICE, SUGAR, ABACA, TOBACCO AND
INDIGO. THIS GAVE FILIPINO MESTIZOS AND
CHINESE MERCHANTS HUGE PROFITS

12.  TRANSPORTATION AND COMMUNICATION
SYSTEM ALSO IMPROVED
 1839 – MAIL SERVICE BETWEEN CAVITE AND
MANILA STARTED
 1846 – THE FIRST DAILY NEWSPAPER
APPEARED

13.  1852 – THE BANCO ESPAÑOL-FILIPINO DE
ISABEL II AND TWO BRITISH BANKS BEGAN TO
ISSUE PAPER MONEY
 1880S – THE HOTEL DE ORIENTE IN BINONDO,
THE FIRST HOTEL IN THE PHILIPPINES BEGAN
ITS OPERATIONS

16. 2. THE OPENING OF THE SUEZ CANAL IN 1869
 THE TRAVEL BETWEEN EUROPE AND ASIA
(SPAIN TO PHILIPPINES) WAS SHORTER,
FASTER AND SAFER WHICH LED TO THE
INFLUX OF LIBERAL IDEAS FROM EUROPE TO
THE PHILIPPINES. THE IDEAS OF LIBERTY,
EQUALITY AND FRATERNITY THAT WERE
LEGACIES OF THE FRENCH REVOLUTION AND
THE DEMOCRATIC IDEAS FROM THE UNITED
STATES HAVE PENETRATED THE MINDS OF THE
FILIPINOS IN THE PHILIPPINES

19. 3. LIBERAL ADMINISTRATION AND EDUCATIONAL
REFORMS
 AS A RESULT OF THE VICTORY OF THE
LIBERALS IN THE SPANISH REVOLUTION OF
1868, CARLOS MARIA DELA TORRE WAS SENT
TO THE PHILIPPINES TO SERVE AS
GOVERNOR-GENERAL FROM 1869-1871. HE
WAS DIFFERENT FROM HIS PREDECESSORS
AND HAD IMPLEMENTED REFORMS SUCH AS
THE ABROGATION OF FLOGGING AS A
PUNISHMENT FOR FILIPINO DESERTERS IN
THE SPANISH ARMY, ABOLISHED PRESS
CENSORSHIP AND ENCOURAGED FREEDOM
OF SPEECH

20.  IN EDUCATION, A DECREE WAS PASSED IN
1863 INSTRUCTING THE ESTABLISHMENT OF
SCHOOLS IN DIFFERENT PLACES AND
ADMITTED INDIOS AND ALLOWING THEM TO
LEARN THE SPANISH LANGUAGE AS THE
NATIONAL LANGUAGE. EVENTUALLY, THIS
LED TO THE DEVELOPMENT OF NATIONAL
IDENTITY WHEN INSULARES, CHINESE
MESTIZOS AND INDIOS BEGAN TO IDENTIFY
THEIR SELVES AS FILIPINOS

21. 4. RISE OF THE MIDDLE CLASS
 AS A RESULT OF GREAT ECONOMIC
TRANSFORMATIONS IN THE LIFE OF THE
FILIPINOS, A MIDDLE CLASS (MEDIA CLASE) OF
ASIAN AND EURASIAN MESTIZOS EMERGED IN
THE PHILIPPINES SOCIAL PYRAMID. THEY
FORMED THE TOWN PRINCIPALIA – AN ELITE
SOCIAL GROUP COMPOSED OF FORMER
GOBERNADORCILLOS, MINOR NATIVE
BUREAUCRATS, DECORATED PERSONEL AND
SCHOOL MASTERS
•

23.  THE WEALTH OF THE PRICIPALIA
PARTICULARLY THE INQUILINOS CAME
FROM THE PROFITS GENERATED FROM
OWNED OR RENTED LANDS
 THE ILUSTRADOS („THE ENLIGHTENED‟)
EMERGED FROM THE PRINCIPALIAS OR
MIDDLE CLASS FAMILIES AND WERE
EDUCATED IN UNIVERSITIES IN THE
PHILIPPINES AND IN EUROPE. THEY
RALLIED FOR REFORMS FOR THE
PHILIPPINES

25. 5. SECULARIZATION MOVEMENT
 SECULARIZATION OF THE PARISHES WAS
THE TRANSFER OF MINISTRIES
ESTABLISHED AND RUN BY REGULAR
CLERGY [SPANISH FRIARS] TO THE SECULAR
PRIESTS [FILIPINO PRIESTS]. BY THE MIDST
OF 19TH CENTURY, THE SECULARIZATION
MOVEMENT WAS TRANSMUTED INTO A
POLITICAL AND SEPARATIST MOVEMENT
WHICH EXPLODED IN THE FILIPINIZATION OF
THE CHURCH, AND CULMINATED IN THE
SEPARATION OF THE CHURCH FROM ROME
DURING THE PHILIPPINE REVOLUTION

26. The secularization was organized secretly
by Padre Mariano Gomez and Padre
Pedro Pelaez. The conflict between
regular and secular priests arose when the
regular priests (friars) attempted to seize
the control of parishes from the secular
priest and the rampant abuses and
discrimination made by the friars to the
seculars

27. 6. THE CAVITE MUTINY IN 1872
In January 20, 1872, 200 Filipino soldiers
joined by some laborers in the arsenal of
artillery led by Sgt. La Madrid waged a revolt
because of unjust deductions in their wages,
high taxes and discrimination of Filipino
soldiers from Spanish soldiers

28. THE SPANISH AUTHORITIES VIEWED
THE EVENT AS AN OVERTURNING OF
THE COLONIAL RULE IN THE ISLANDS,
EVEN CONSIDERING IT AS PART OF A
GREATER NATIONAL MOVEMENT TO
LIBERATE THE PHILIPPINES FROM
SPAIN

29. It was abruptly abrogated or pacified
and all those who participated were
either executed or exiled. After the
„containment‟ of the mutineers, the
Spanish authorities initiated a
crackdown of those who have
connections to the mutiny which ended
up in the implication of the
GOMBURZA

30. 7. THE EXECUTION OF GOMBURZA
FATHERS MARIANO GOMEZ, JOSE
BURGOS AND JACINTO ZAMORA WERE
PROMINENT FIGURES IN THE
SECULARIZATION MOVEMENT. THEY
WERE IMPLICATED AS LEADERS OF THE
CAVITE MUTINY. TO INSTIL FEAR AMONG
FILIPINOS, THEY WERE PUBLICLY
EXECUTED IN FEBRUARY 07, 1872 IN THE
BAGUMBAYAN

32.  ThEIR EXECUTION WAS WITNESSED BY MANY
FILIPINOS AND HAVE LEFT THEM A GREAT
FEELING OF INDIGNATION AND INJUSTICE
 THE EXECUTION OF THE GOMBURZA HAD
ALSO INSPIRED THE PROPAGANDA
MOVEMENT AND THE PHILIPPINE
REVOLUTION

33. 8. THE PROPAGANDA MOVEMENT (1880- 1892)
 DUE TO ABUSES OF SPANISH AUTHORITIES
AND CLERGIES AND THE CURTAILMENT OF
FREEDOM OF EXPRESSION, FILIPINOS,
SPECIFICALLY THE IIUSTRADOS CAMPAIGNED
FOR THE ASSIMILATION OF THE PHILIPPINES
TO SPAIN BY BECOMING A PROVINCE OF
SPAIN SO THAT THE FILIPINOS AND
SPANIARDS WILL BE EQUAL AND FILIPINOS
WILL ENJOY THE LIBERTIES ENJOYED BY THE
SPANIARDS

34.  THE ILUSTRADOS ORGANIZED THE PROPAGANDA
MOVEMENT WHICH EXPOSED THE CONDITION OF THE
PHILIPPINES UNDER THE SPANISH RULE AND CAMPAIGNED
FOR REFORMS THAT THE COUNTRY NEEDED. THEY ALSO
CAMPAIGNED FOR REPRESENTATION TO SPANISH
CORTES (LEGISLATURE), FREEDOM OF THE PRESS,
ECONOMIC LIBERALIZATION, SECULARIZATION AND
EQUALITY BEFORE THE LAW OF FILIPINOS AND SPANIARDS

35. LA SOLIDARIDAD
THE OFFICIAL NEWSPAPER OF THE
MOVEMENT

36. LA SOLIDARIDAD
THE OFFICIAL NEWSPAPER OF THE
MOVEMENT

37. 2. . THE PROPAGANDA MOVEMENT
ALSO SUFFERED FINANCIAL PROBLEMS
TO CONTINUE ITS PUBLICATION
3. INTERNAL CONFLICTS AROSE AMONG THE
MEMBERS OF THE PROPAGANDA MOVEMENT
CAUSED BY PETTY JEALOUSIES

38. THE DISBANDMENT OF JOSE RIZAL‟S
LA LIGA FILIPINA MARKED THE END
OF THE PROPAGANDA MOVEMENT.
AN UNINTENTIONAL EFFECT OF THE
FAILURE OF THE PROPAGANDA
MOVEMENT WAS FOUNDING OF THE
KATIPUNAN WHICH AIMED FOR
FREEDOM AND INDEPENDENCE
THROUGH AN ARMED STRUGGLE

39. IMPLICATIONS OF FILIPINO NATIONALISM
THE DEVELOPMENT OF FILIPINO
CONSCIOUSNESS AND NATIONALISM HAS
FUELLED THE STRUGGLE OF FILIPINOS FOR
FREEDOM AND EMANCIPATION FROM SPAIN.
BECAUSE OF IT PHILIPPINES BECAME THE
FIRST ASIAN COUNTRY TO WAGE A
REVOLUTION AND WON ITS FREEDOM FROM A
EUROPEAN POWER. IT HAS ALSO SHAPED
OUR NATIONAL IDENTITY AND OUR HISTORY
AS A NATION