3. Ferdinand Magellan arrived
in the Philippines in 1521.
Magellan landed on the
island of Cebu, claiming the
lands for Spain and naming
them Islas de San Lazaro.
He set up friendly relations
with some of the local
chieftains and converted
some of them to Roman
Catholicism.
4. Magellan's Cross is a Christian
cross planted by Portuguese,
and Spanish explorers as ordered
by Ferdinand Magellan upon arriving in
Cebu in the Philippines on April 14, 1521.
A sign below the cross describes the
original cross is encased inside the wooden
cross that is found in the center of the
chapel. This is to protect the original cross
from people who chipped away parts of
the cross for souvenir purposes or in the
belief that the cross possesses miraculous
powers. Some people, however, believe
that the original cross had been destroyed
or had disappeared after Magellan's
death.
5. Lapu-Lapu was a ruler
of Mactan, who is known as the
first native of the archipelago to
have resisted the Spanish
colonization.
On the morning of April 27, 1521,
Lapu-Lapu led 3,000 warriors in a
battle against Portuguese explorer
and conquistador Ferdinand
Magellan who led a force of forty-
nine Spanish soldiers and 6000 native
warriors from Cebu. During the battle
Magellan and several of his men were
killed.
15. The Residencia
This was a special judicial court that
investigates the performance of a
governor general who was about to be
replaced. The residencia, of which the
incoming governor general was usually
a member, submitted a report of its
findings to the King.
The Visita
The Council of the Indies in Spain
sent a government official called
the Vistador General to observe
conditions in the colony. The
Visitador General reported his
findings directly to the King.
16. The Encomienda was introduced in the Philippines
when Legaspi, in compliance with the decree issued by
King Philip II in 1558, distributed lands in Cebu to loyal
Spanish subjects. These men had helped conquer the
Philippines. The encomienda was not actually a land
grant but was a favor from the kind under which the
Spaniard receiving his favor was given the right to
collect tributes–or taxes–from the inhabitants of the
area assigned to him. The man who received this favor
was called an encomendero. The encomienda was,
therefore, a public office
17. In July 26, 1523, King Charles V decreed
that Indians who had been pacified
should contribute a “moderate amount”
in recognition of their vassalage.
TRIBUTE
18. The Spaniards closed the ports of Manila to all countries except
Mexico. Thus, the Manila–Acapulco Trade, better known as the
"Galleon Trade" was born. The Galleon Trade was a government
monopoly. Only two galleons were used: One sailed from
Acapulco to Manila with some 500,000 pesos worth of goods,
spending 120 days at sea; the other sailed from Manila to
Acapulco with some 250,000 pesos worth of goods spending 90
days at sea.
19.
20. Tondo Conspiracy of 1587–1588 was a plot against
Spanish colonial rule by the Tagalog
and Kapampangan noblemen, or datus,
of Manila and some towns
of Bulacan and Pampanga, in the Philippines. It
was led by Agustín de Legazpi, grandson of
conquistador Miguel Lopez de Legaspi.
21.
22. The Tamblot Uprising of 1621, also known as
the Tamblot Revolution or Tamblot Revolt, was led
by Tamblot, a babaylan or native priest from the island
of Bohol in the Philippines. It was basically a religious
conflict.Tamblot exhorted his people to return to the
faith of their forefathers and free themselves from
Spanish oppression.
23. Diego Silang y Andaya (December 16, 1730 – May 28,
1763) was a revolutionary leader who conspired
with British forces to overthrow Spanish rule in the
northern Philippines and establish an
independent Ilocano nation. His revolt was fueled by
grievances stemming from Spanish taxation and abuses,
and by his belief in self-government, that the
administration and leadership of the Roman Catholic
Church and government in the Ilocos be invested in
trained Ilocano officials.
24. The Treaty of Paris, also known as the Peace
of Paris and the Treaty of 1763, was signed
on 10 February 1763 by the kingdoms
of Great Britain, France and Spain,
with Portugal in agreement, after Britain's
victory over France and Spain during
the Seven Years' War.
25. Tobacco was introduced in the Philippines in
the late 16th century during the era of Spanish
colonization when the Augustinians brought
cigar tobacco seeds to the colony for
cultivation. In 1686, William
Dampier visited Mindanao and observed
that smoking was a widespread custom. It had
also become an article of foreign trade with
the Dutch from Tidore and Ternate buying rice,
bees wax and tobacco from the Spanish
colony.
26. The connection of Suez Kanal (Canal) to Philippine History is
very important. When it opened in 1869, it paved way for
foreign traders to do business with many countries.
Philippines was one of those who benefited from its
operation, not only in terms of business (economy), but also
about way of life. Contact with westerners who came to
trade with Philippines brought-in new ideas,
knowledge/education, and other things.
27. Three martyr priests are publicly garroted as
alleged leaders of the Cavite Conspiracy, a
movement for secularization and
nationalism, which is distasteful to the
Spanish friars. They are Jose Burgos (born Feb
9, 1837), Mariano Gomez (born Aug 2, 1799)
and Jacinto Zamora (born Aug 14, 1835).
31. The Propaganda Movement was a literary and cultural
organization formed in 1872 by Filipino émigrés who had
settled in Europe. Composed of Filipino liberals exiled in 1872
and students attending Europe's universities, the organization
aimed to increase Spanish awareness of the needs of its
colony, the Philippines. Its prominent members included Jose
Rizal, author of Noli Me Tangere (novel) and El
Filibusterismo, Graciano López Jaena, publisher of La
Solidaridad, the movement's principal organ, Mariano
Ponce, the organization's secretary and Marcelo H. del Pilar.
32. Goals Specifically, the Propagandists aims were:
1.Representation of the Philippines in the Cortes Generales, the
2.Spanish parliament;
3.Secularization of the clergy;
4.Legalization of Spanish and Filipino equality;
5.Creation of a Public school (government funded)public school
system independent of the friars;
6.Abolition of the polo (labor service) and vandala (forced sale of
local products to the government).
7.Guarantee of basic freedoms of speech and Freedom of
association.
8.Equal opportunity for Filipinos and Spanish to enter government
service;
9.Recognition of the Philippines as a province of Spain;
10.Secularization of Philippine parishes; Recognition of human
rights
34. Graciano López Jaena (December 18, 1856-January 20, 1896) was a
journalist, orator, revolutionary, and national hero from Iloilo,
the Philippines, who is well known for his newspaper, La
Solidaridad. Philippine historians regard López Jaena, along with Marcelo
H. del Pilar and José Rizal, as the triumvirate of Filipino propagandists.
Of these three ilustrados, López Jaena was the first to arrive
in Spain and may have founded the genesis of the Propaganda
Movement.
35. José ProtacioRizal Mercado y Alonso Realonda(June 19, 1861 – December 30,
1896), was a Filipino nationalist, writer and reformist. He is widely considered
the greatest national hero of the Philippines. He was the author of Noli Me
Tangere, El Filibusterismo and a number of poems and essays. He was executed
on December 30, 1896.
36. Marcelo Hilario del Pilar y Gatmaitán (August 30, 1850
– July 4, 1896), better known by his pen name Plaridel,
was a Filipino writer, lawyer, and journalist. He was
the second and last editor of the La
Solidaridad (Solidarity), the newspaper of the Reform
Movement in Spain.
37. La Liga Filipina (English: The Philippine League) was a progressive
organization created by Dr. José Rizal in the Philippines in the
house of Doroteo Ongjunco at Ilaya Street, Tondo, Manila in 1892.
.
38. The Katipunan was a Philippine revolutionary society founded by anti-
Spanish Filipinos in Manila in 1892, whose primary aim was to gain
independence from Spain through revolution. The society was initiated by
Filipino patriots Andrés Bonifacio, Teodoro Plata,Ladislao Diwa, and others
on the night of July 7, when Filipino writer José Rizal was to be banished
to Dapitan. Initially, the Katipunan was a secret organization until its
discovery in 1896 that led to the outbreak of the Philippine Revolution.
41. The Spanish Governor Ramon Blanco
proclaims a state of war in the 8 provinces
that took up arms. The provinces are Manila,
Laguna, Cavite, Batangas, Pampanga,
Bulacan, Tarlac and Nueva Ecija.
43. The Katipunan court finds
the Bonifacios guilty. They
are sentenced to death.
44. The Malolos Congress or formally known as
the "National Assembly" of representatives
was the constituent assembly of the First
Philippine Republic. It met at the Barasoain
Church in Malolos City, Bulacan. It drafted
the Malolos Constitution.
45. The Treaty of Paris of 1898, 30 sta.1754, was an agreement made
in 1898 that resulted in Spain surrendering
control of Cuba and ceding Puerto Rico, parts of the West Indies,
Guam, and the Philippines to the United States. The cession of the
Philippines involved a payment of $20 million to Spain by the
United States. The treaty was signed on December 10, 1898, and
ended the Spanish-American War. It came into effect on April 11,
1899, when the ratifications were exchanged.
