2. Why Study
Communication?
Formal study can
− Improve our skills
− Help us make sense of what
happens in our lives
− Increase our personal impact
− Enhance our relationships
with others
4. Express Affiliation
Affiliation is the affect, or feelings,
you have for others; emotion.
It can be expressed in many ways;
both verbal and non verbal
5. Achieve Goals
We need communication to
accomplish particular objectives
Goal or task oriented
communication can be both direct
and indirect
8. Characteristics of
Communication
Symbolic
−Symbols are arbitrary
constructions that refer to
people, things, and concepts
−Symbols stand for things,
but they are not the “thing.”
There is no relationship
between symbols and the
“thing” they stand for.
15. Components of
Communication (cont’d)
Feedback is the verbal or nonverbal response to
communication. +/-
The Channel is the medium by which the message
travels; “the medium is the message”
Context or a specific environment that involves
several situational factors; Culture
− People simultaneously send and receive messages
− Changes over time
− Occurs within systems
21. Culture Described
Culture is a…
learned system of thought and behavior
that belongs to and typifies a relatively
large group of people; it is the composite of
their shared beliefs, values, and practices.
22. How do we learn
culture?
listening and observing others'
communication
worldview—the framework through
which we interpret the world
Learn Culture through
communication
Express Culture through
communication
28. Collectivist vs Individualist
Collectivists tend to perceive
themselves as members of larger
groups first and communicate
from that perspective.
People from individualist cultures
value individuality, autonomy,
and privacy.
29.
30. Power Distances
Way in which a culture accepts
and expects the division of
power among individuals
33. Masculine vs Feminine
Masculine cultures
place value on
assertiveness,
achievement,
ambition, and
competitiveness.
Feminine cultures
place value on
nurturance,
relationships, and
quality of life
34. Comfort with uncertainty
Cultures differ in the degree of anxiety that
members feel about the unknown. The
ability to adapt behaviors in order to reduce
uncertainty and risk, is referred to as
uncertainty avoidance.
35. Time Orientation
The way that cultures communicate with
and about time
Monochronic cultures treat time as a
limited resource that can be saved or
wasted.
Polychronic cultures are less concerned
with making every moment count and time
is a much more fluid concept.
36. Value of Emotional Expression
Hyperbole, vivid language with great
emotional intensity, is often used by
collectivist cultures.
Individualist cultures tend to use more
understatement, language that
downplays the emotional intensity or
importance of events.
37. What Co-Cultures do you
belong to?
Groupings with unique
characteristics; race, sex, gender
religion, common interests,
activities.
Generational cultures
38. Barriers to Competent
Intercultural Communication
Anxiety
Ethnocentrism
Discrimination
Combat with…
Intercultural sensitivity
Intergroup contact
Accommodation