Dead Murres Research Paper

Dead Murres Research Paper
Thousands of dead seabirds are being washed up on the Alaska shoreline. Scientists estimate that the
number of birds who have died since August of last year, all of them belonging to one species
known as the common murres, could be as high as 100,000. And the most likely reason for their
death is starvation, caused by a sudden collapse in the populations of the fish that form the basis of
their diet. All of the bodies of dead murres examined by researchers show that the birds are
emaciated. Tests have not found any trace of disease or toxins that might account for the birds'
condition. The murres are black and white diving seabirds who live on fish and crustaceans. The fish
they eat can only survive in water within a narrow temperature range.
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The Pacific Plastic Problem
In the world's largest ocean, the Pacific, there is a steadily growing problem, a problem so big it is
larger than Texas. This problem has been named the great Pacific garbage patch and it is only
getting bigger as time goes on and more waste finds itself into the ocean. It is estimated that the
great Pacific garbage patch holds around 3.5 million tons of garbage, of that 3.5 million tons most of
it is composed of plastics (Wilson). All this garbage is kept in a big heap due to swirling ocean
currents called gyres (Wilson). This plastic has a huge impact on the environment and the people
who turn to the ocean for food and income. Since the discovery of the great Pacific garbage patch
plastic has spread beyond the Pacific into other oceans ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
The first solution purposed to clean up this debacle was having a ship troll the ocean with large nets
to capture the plastic. There are a couple problems with this purposed solution, first it would cost a
lot of money to pay a person to troll the middle of the ocean for plastic and secondly it would take
thousands of years to clean up a majority of the plastic and other debris with this method (McCoy).
In 2011 Boyan Slat was only sixteen when he was influenced by a family vacation to Greece where
he went scuba diving. While diving in the ocean waters he noticed the high number of plastic bags
and debris that littered the ocean, after seeing that he realized that he wanted to come up with a
solution to this problem. Slat's purposed idea was to use the oceans strong currents against itself by
erecting a large barrier, with a micro mesh, in which the current brings the trash to the barrier where
it is caught (McCoy). This technique is more cost effective and less time consuming than other
purposed ideas. Slat is now twenty–one and is putting his idea to the test by erecting test barriers, off
the cost of the Netherlands, in shallower waters (McCoy). The barrier is closely monitored by
scientists (McCoy). Slat's journey

Difference Between The Sea Bird Rescue And The Amazing...
According to the U.S Department of Energy, 1.3 million gallons or 4.9 million liters of oil is spilled
into U.S. waters from vessels and pipelines each year. Many penguins are affected all over the world
by oil spills. In "The Amazing Penguin Rescue" The world's largest African penguin breeding
ground was affected by an oil spill that put many penguins in danger. In "The Seabird Chronicle" an
island in Australia is in danger because an oil spill that happened close to the island put many little
penguins in great danger. "The Amazing Penguin Rescue" and "The Seabird Chronicle" have
similarities and differences such as the conflict and the solution of how the problem or conflict got
solved.
One similarity between "The Amazing Penguin Rescue" and "The Seabird Chronicle" is the conflict.
Both stories conflict is character v.s. environment. In "The Amazing Penguin Rescue", a lot of
dangerous oil was released in the ocean that lead to 40,000 penguins to be in trouble. An example is
when the author pointed out that, "A cargo ship called to Treasure suffered serious damage to it's
hull in the the rough winter seas. It split apart, and sank, about 1,300 tons of toxic oil gushed into the
ocean. Now that oil surrounds your breeding ground– the largest African breeding ground in the
world. You and thousands of other penguins have been trapped in the massive oil slick and are
soaked in poisonous oil" (Tarshis 16). This quote is significant because a cargo ship split apart that
led to a

How To Write A Social Commentary On Littering
Social Commentary Have you ever walked outside to see a plastic bag stuck in a bush, or
McDonalds wrappers run over in the street? That is just the tip of the ice bugger in regard to
littering, the shore lines have become a dump, 6 millions pounds of trash was collected by 380,000
volunteers, on 33,000 miles of the shore lines worldwide. The estimated amount of money spent on
littering clean up in $11 billion. Trash chemicals are being absorbed into the ground, effect aquifers.
Wildlife is being affected by the littering left by humans. Littering needs to stop because it's ruining
the environment, costing millions and it is hazard. Billions of dollars are being put into cleaning up
trash when that can be put into educations or medical resource, programs that can advance the
human race, but instead it's going to pick up trash because someone was to lazy to walk to a
trashcan and throw it away. Taxes dollars are being used to fix lazy people's mess. "In 2015, the
North Carolina Department of Transportation spent more than $15 million to remove approximately
7.5 million pounds of roadside litter", that is only one state, it probably isn't even all the ... Show
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Animals shouldn't have to suffer because of us, "Plastic materials of varying kinds had spread to all
oceans and adjacent seas by the late 1970s or early 1980s and wide concern was being expressed
over the amounts of cylindrical, virgin plastic pellets that are industrial feedstock, together with
fragmented plastic particles of varying size and shape that were being ingested by pelagic seabirds".
More than a million seabird and water life is killed by plastic, every year. To make matters worse,
10% of plastic that is made in one year ends up in sea, which in turn is harm animals and/or
mammals. Once trash enters the sea, it pills up and then water current wash it up on shore. Littering
isn't just a hazard for humans, but all living

John Audubon's Okay For Now
Okay for Now
When You look at an animal, you can sometimes see a person in them. It's like when a dog starts to
look like his owner, or when an animal represents a symbol, like with the Bald Eagle and Freedom.
Well in Gary D. Schmidt's book, Okay for Now, he uses animals, like birds, in John Audubon's book
to represent different characters in the book like Doug, his mom, and his dad.
Doug, the main character, resembles the Arctic Tern from John Audubon's book of birds. I say this
because he feels what the bird is feeling in the picture, here are some examples. Doug describes the
Arctic Tern as being all alone when he says on page 19 "He was all alone". I think Doug can relate
to that because he is basically all alone in ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
I think Doug's mom resembles this bird for the following reasons. First off, I think Doug's mom
resembles this bird because they are both caring. I say that they are both caring because in the
picture, the momma bird is close to the baby bird, which represents Doug. This shows how the
momma bird is protective of him and caring for him. Doug's mom is also caring because when Doug
and his mom made a mess in the kitchen and there dad came home, Doug said on page 24 "She
handed me four quarters and told me that we needed a gallon of milk–Which we really didn't need
but i'm not stupid.". This means that Doug's mom and the bird really resemble each other because
they care. Next I say that Doug's mom resembles this bird because in the book on page 64, Doug's
mom just stares out the window for most of the time. I think this is similar to when the momma bird
just stares off out into nowhere. I think this is the author trying to hint that the bird resembles Doug's
mom. I lastly think that Doug's mom resembles this bird because Doug and his mom attended the
Christmas eve service together which really shows how close they are. I think this relates to the
picture because the baby bird which represents Doug is close to the momma bird. Those are the
reasons why I think Doug's mom represents the momma Red–Throated

Comparing The Seabird Chronicle And The Amazing Penguin...
Compare and Contrast
In September of 1998,a tragic oil spill happened near Phillip Island Nature Park in Australia,a
penguin breeding ground site.The penguins who dove into the water became covered in thick,slimy
oil.Another oil spill happened in June of 2000,but this time close to and island in the South Atlantic
Ocean,near the largest breeding ground for African Penguins,and the same thing happened.The
articles 'The Seabird Chronicle' and 'The Amazing Penguin Rescue' tell about these two tragic
accidents.There are many similarities and differences between these two articles, such as the fact
that both articles talk about oil spills,and the date both of these events occurred. A similarity
between these two articles is that both of them talk about oil spills.Evidence that 'The Seabird
Chronicle' talks about oil spills is,"An oil spill near the island was threatening the little penguins that
lived there."(The Seabird Chronicle).This supports my claim because the article mentioned that
there was indeed an oil spill.Similarly, evidence that 'The Amazing Seabird Rescue' is about oil
spills is,"What you do not know is that a few hours ago,a cargo ship called the Treasure ... Show
more content on Helpwriting.net ...
One was in 1998,and the other was in 2000.Evidence that 'The Seabird Chronicle's oil spill takes
place in 1998 is that it says,"It was September 1998, and the rescue workers at Phillip Island Nature
Park had a big problem:An oil spill near the island was threatening the little penguins that lived
there."(The Seabird Chronicle).This supports my claim because it says at the beginning that this all
was taking place in 1998.Opposingly,evidence that 'The Amazing Penguin Rescue' takes place in
2000 is ,"It's June 23,2000,and the weather–cold and windy–is typical for this time of year."(The
Amazing Penguin Rescue).This proves that this article is following events that took place in 2000
because it says so at the beginning

How Does Polar Retreat Affect Polar Bears
Glacier retreat will greatly affect polar and aquatic ecosystems and animals. Most arctic life revolves
around the sea and presence of sea ice. Without the presence of ice, most ecosystems will be
recreated. Polar bears are one species in great danger. Polar bears use sea ice as a birthing and
hunting ground, and also use it to travel from one place to another. As glaciers start to disappear, the
mother polar bear has less access to food; therefore, the chance of survival for her and her young is
very slim. The polar bears chance of reproduction becomes less as the glaciers retreat. As the top of
the food chain, their decline will cause negative effects for each level below them (Review Diagram
G). The only way for polar bears to survive, is by ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Other animals in danger include arctic seals, seabirds, and walruses. Most arctic seal species are
dependent on sea ice for a birthing ground and place to rest. With the decrease in glaciers, these
seals will become extinct since they directly live on the ice or in the water. Southern seals that have
adapted to live on land, will more likely start to migrate north and take over areas that have
experienced serious glacier retreat. This will create greater competition between seals and ultimately
lead to changes in the food web (Arctic Climate Change). Seabirds, such as ivory gulls, will be
impacted by the absence of ice. These birds regularly nest in the mountainous areas which offer
protection for their young. Also, these birds scavenge for food between the cracks or on the surface
of the ice. In the past 20 years, ivory gulls in Canada have experienced a population decline of 90%
(Arctic Climate Change). Walruses will also lose their feeding ground once the ice begins to melt
farther. Walruses normally live on the ice edge where clams, their main source of food, is most

Plastic In The Ocean
It is said that every year 8 million metric tons of plastic ends up in our oceans but how does it get
there in the first place? Well 80% of the plastics in the ocean come from land–based activities. Such
as, plastic litter when we are not responsible on how we dispose our plastic including plastic water
bottles and plastic packaging. These things seem convenient to most of us but in the end they do
more harm than good. The remainder 20% comes from plastics released at sea, such as lost and
discarded fishing gear.
Once plastic gets into the ocean there is no way out due to the fact that it does not biodegrade.
Plastic bags can take 20 years to decompose, plastic bottles up to 450 years, and fishing line, 600
years; but in fact, no one really knows how long plastics will remain in the ocean. With exposure to
UV rays and the ocean environment, plastic breaks down into smaller and smaller fragments. Not
only this, since plastic is lighter than water it ends up floating in the ocean being swept by currents.
As a result, a lot of plastic gets caught in the spiralling ocean gyres. The circular motion of the gyre
draws the debris into the centre where it becomes trapped and builds up. While the water in the
centre of the gyres sinks, the plastic is too light ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
In the ocean, plastic debris injures and kills fish, seabirds and marine mammals. Marine plastic
pollution has impacted at least 267 species worldwide, including 86% of all sea turtle species, 44%
of all seabird species and 43% of all marine mammal species. The impacts include fatalities as a
result of ingestion, starvation, suffocation, infection, drowning, and entanglement. For example,
Leatherback turtles often mistake floating plastic bags for jellyfish. A plastic bag can cause a turtle
to choke and eventually die. Our marine life is hurt as a result of our irresponsible actions and it's on
our power to change

Essay On Zimmerman's Love Of Greek Myth
Evidence of Zimmerman's love of Greek myths continues by the creation of her other plays
including Journey to the West, The Odyssey, The Arabian Nights, The Notebooks of Leonardo da
Vinci, and Eleven Rooms of Proust. Triumphantly, Metamorphoses was Zimmerman's first
Broadway production and nominated for a Tony Award for Best Director of a Play and numerous
Jeff Awards including Best Production and Best Direction.
The two vignettes that will be blocked in this paper are "Midas" and "Alycone and Ceyx." "Midas"
follows the self–centered King Midas, who gives a monologue which discusses his background and
family. During his monologue, he is interrupted by his young daughter who plays in the background
and Midas constantly asks her to be quiet and ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Despite Alcyone's constant pleas, Ceyx goes off to sea and unfortunately, his ship is destroyed by
Poseidon's (the god of the sea) wrath. Months drag on and Alcyone shows her heartache and anxiety
by counting to one hundred over and over in hopes he will appear. Aphrodite, the goddess of love,
witnesses all the action taking place from the Heavens. When Ceyx dies at sea, the gods send Ceyx's
ghost to inform Alcyone of his death. After Ceyx's ghost disappears, Alcyone calls for her friend,
Lucina, the goddess of childbirth, who is concerned about Alcyone. Lucina hands Alcyone a lantern
which is symbolic of the support that Lucina is giving. As the scene continues, she transforms into a
narrator and explains to the audience what is happening. Aphrodite, still showing concern for the
couple, sends Alycone the real body of Ceyx ashore and turns the lovers into seabirds so they can be
together. The pool is the sea in which Ceyx's ship is destroyed and how Ceyx's body returns to
Alcyone. In this vignette, the pool facilitates the transformation from life to death and then from
human bodies to

Psychology Article Summary
The article I read from The New York Times is about how plastic is threatening to seabirds lives.
This has to do with psychology because they study the effects of plastic on the birds, and the brain is
effected. Waste and global warming is becoming a major problem on our planet, and many animals
are being negatively affected. Studies and experiments like this occur everyday in psychology.
Psychology can be defined as the scientific study of behavior and mental processes (textbook p.5).
In this case, the behavior of humans leaving harmful plastic around is affecting the behavior of the
seabirds. According to Fleur, we know this is an increasing issue because there are several other
studies like the "Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences". It also discusses how the plastic
production has doubled globally every 11 years since the 1950s, which is crazy to even think about
because its currently 300 million tons per year. ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
The scientific method starts with making observations, and then you can create a hypothesis and
prediction based on the observation whether it be descriptive, correlational, or experimental
(Research mathods,8/25/15) . In this article, it mostly consists of descriptive research which include,
case studies, naturalistic observation, and surveys. They allow a researcher to make careful,
systematic, real–world observations (Textbook p.42). In this study, it uses surveys to analyze 135
seabirds to find that today about 90 seabirds have traces of plastic in their stomachs. A survey is
what allows us to ask/study large numbers or people (in this case seabirds) questions about attitude
and behavior (textbook p.44). The sample size for this specific study would be 135 which is the
subset of a population being studied. The population in this case would be all seabirds, which is the
entire group from which the sample was taken

Balearic Shearwater Cons
New research shows that European leaders have the power to save Europe's most threatened seabird
–– the Balearic shearwater –– by making one simple switch: setting the fishing lines at night when
the critically endangered Balearic shearwater doesn't dive for food. If the fishing lines are set at
night, then Europe's most endangered seabird doesn't run the risk of being entangled by the nets –– a
driving force that has the seabird "on the road to extinction" with with fewer than 30,000 birds left
in the wild (and 3,200 breeding pairs) declining roughly 14% a year. If politicians do nothing, then,
at the current rate, the Balearic shearwater will go extinct in 60 years. Sadly, according to the IUCN
Red List, the critically endangered seabird

What Are Plastic Debris Cause Harm And Death?
Plastic marine debris is detrimental to seabirds, causing harm and death. Entanglement in the plastic
debris can cause seabirds to lose ability to fly properly. Without mobility, seabirds are not able to
collect and hunt for food, causing starvation and death (Harmful marine debris, 2003). Furthermore,
plastic debris may result in complications of infection, amputation and smothering (Harmful marine
debris, 2003). Additionally, entanglement can make seabirds a target to predators, starvation,
infection, amputation, drowning and smothering (Harmful marine debris, 2003). Subsequently,
microplastics in the ocean are consumed by seabirds that mistake the plastic for food. Plastic debris
in the ocean releases a gas– sulfur compound dimethyl sulfide,

What Is The Cause And Effect Of Plastic Debris On Seabirds?
Discussions and Findings Discuss the cause and effect of plastic debris on seabirds? Marine
population are vastly being endangered by all sorts of debris including plastic that found their way
into waterways and the ocean. Seabirds have being found with entanglement around their legs and
bills which affect their ability to protect themselves against predators (Ceccarelli, as cited in
Australian Government Department Sustainability environment water population and communities,
2012, p. 3). Also Allen, Jarvis, Sayer and Mills remark plastic entanglement cause by fishing
materials and other circle shape plastics may cause strangulation,, prevent the ability to feed
themselves and even drowning (as cited in sigler, 2014). Plastic debris also crate problem with the
feeding habits of seabirds, as they cannot define plastic from their normal food chain. Derraik
observed that seabird diets has been affected by plastic as seabirds mistake coloured plastic debris
from fish, fish eggs and larvae (as cited in Acampora, schuyler, Townsend & Hardesty, 2014, p. 1).
Although as observed by ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
9). The effect of plastic ingested by seabirds has a detrimental effect on seabird colony. In around
Australian coastline, statistics record suggest that there are limited plastic debris ingested or
entanglement by seabirds along the western coastline of Western Australia, The Great Australian
Bight, Tasmanian western coastline and the Northern Peninsula of Australia (Ceccarelli, 2009). As
compared to the more populated coastline of Australian. Furthermore statistic from recue
organisations report out of 297 seabirds recued 58.3% survived their encounter with plastic debris,
while 27.3% of seabirds were found to have perished from ingestion or entanglement from plastic
debris (Ceccarelli,

Easter Island Essay
Easter Island was once a haven for its inhabitants. It provided them with all of their needs, food,
shelter, tools, and even the ability to create great works of art. They abused this Eden, and turned it
into a disaster, with almost no natural resources. This could very well happen to us, because our
earth is the same Eden that Easter Island once was.
The people of Easter Island came over to their new land, and recognized that it was ideal for them to
settle. The land was lush; the sea was providing a bounty of fresh fish, and other seafood. The earth
was dark brown, and very rich. Everything was just the way it needed to be to support a growing
community of people.
They began ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
The soil was losing its great growing powers, because of over cultivation. There were hardly as
many seabirds as could be remembered in recent years. Slowly but surely, their way of life was
dwindling, like a slowing dying flame. They couldn't directly see their end, but it was near. When
their major population finally did go, it went out with a whimper. Slowly and quietly they went the
way of their beloved fern trees. With the loss of all of the necessary items to sustain their eco
system, such as the fern, the trees, which they used to make rope, the birds they used, hunt. All gone
now, because they could not replenish them selves in a quickly enough time to meet the needs of the
people.
This should act as a rude awakening to us. The planet could be considered a large Easter Island. We
have a potentially non–sustainable eco system. If we are not careful, we could go the same way as
the inhabitants of the island. It is possible for us to use up everything so there is nothing left for our
children to use. If we look at our progression over the last 300 years that we have inhabited North
America, we will notice that we have removed many natural resources. Trees in the Northwest,
plains in the Midwest, the marshes of Florida, all of which have been devastated by humans in the
past centuries. Our great grandparents did not notice the destruction, nor will I ever be

Why Do Mourning Doves Migrate
Mourning Dove (Zenaida macroura) Where do mourning doves migrate? What happens if the
population size increased rapidly in an area of migration? Looking at the organism migration pattern
on the Department of Natural Resource of Michigan explains that mourning doves "breed in
Michigan migrate to wintering grounds such as Texas, Mississippi and Florida"("You Are Here
DNR Wildlife & Habitat Wildlife Species Birds"). Mourning dove it can be recognized because of
their mournful song. These birds help with seed dispersal for other plant species to reproduce on
Long Island. These birds do this naturally by just finding food to survive and migrate to other
locations looking for food. Which leads to them processing their food and disposing their defecate

Allusions In The Rime Of The Ancient Mariner
Arguably one of Coleridge's most famous poems, "The Rime of the Ancient Mariner" concerns an
old sailor's tale of a nautical journey. In the story his ship falls upon poor weather and wind, forcing
he and the crew to Antarctica. Miraculously a seabird called an albatross appears and leads the ship
and crew out of despair. Despite this good fortune, the Mariner shoots the albatross. The weather
clears soon after, and the men support his sin. This angers mysterious spirits, who send the ship into
unfamiliar territory. Lost and confused, the men blame the Mariner for their hardship and force him
to wear the dead albatross on his neck. Later they come upon two ghostly beings that kill the entire
crew, but save the Mariner for a punishment worse ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
He purposely omits any motive or purpose for the murder of the seabird as the Mariner simply
states, "With my crossbow I shot the ALBATROSS" . This event parallels with the biblical story of
the fall of man in the Garden of Eden. Although the consumption of the apple in the garden and the
shooting of the albatross seem to be trivial offenses, both bring about dire consequences. The
Mariner, an impulsive being with a false since of dominion over nature, represents the Adam
archetype. After his misdeed the Mariner is banished from the ship and forced to fend for himself,
just as Adam was banished from the Garden of Eden. As for the Mariner's fate and salvation, his
obligation to warn people with his story can be linked to the Catholic doctrines of penance and
purgatory, where the Mariner must atone for his sins before he can enter heaven. In addition to the
poem's parallelism with the fall of man, Coleridge indicates Christian beliefs through the Mariner's
expressions. After he is adorned with the dead albatross, the Mariner implies that he is a Christian
with mention of a cross, saying, "What evil looks had I from old and young! Instead of the cross, the
albatross about my neck was hung". When the Mariner says "instead of the cross", it is suggested to
the reader that normally he would be wearing a cross on his neck, an obvious Christian symbol. In
this fashion Coleridge displays a common theme of

Plastic Pollution
Plastic, a lightweight, tough and flexible material, first invented in 1907, and is constantly present in
daily, modern life. Ironically, it was invented to save animals as it replaced materials such as ivory
and whale bone. Plastic production isn't slowing down – in 2012 there was a 4% increase in
production of plastic from 2013 worldwide. In New Zealand, we use 1 billion shopping bags per
year and around 60 kg on average of plastic per person per year! Astoundingly, only 5.58 kg on
average of plastic per person is recycled. Plastic never goes away completely and it's only
increasingly going into oceans and onto beaches. Plastic can take up to 500 years or more to
biodegrade. Plastics pollution in oceans has a direct and deadly ... Show more content on
Helpwriting.net ...
NZ has limited recycling facilities, but plenty of collecting and sorting depots. Instead, NZ
companies sort and grade items. Companies in Australia, China, Indonesia, India and Vietnam then
tender for a shipment of a certain grade of paper, plastic or aluminium. Plastics that aren't recycled
(for e.g. plastic bags, takeaway coffee cups, plastic bottle lids etc.) end up in landfills which are
problematic. When decomposing, organic waste makes methane, a greenhouse gas, and many
chemically treated materials make leachates. Uncollected leachate can contaminate groundwater and
soil. Methane is 25x more harmful to the environment than CO2. Plastic in landfills isn't moving
elsewhere and will continually expand, taking up more valuable space that people could use as
living space instead. 190, 000 tonnes of plastic goes into landfills per year. Also, rain leaches out
chemicals from the plastics which can enter soils and groundwater (leaching process). However,
plastic isn't the only problem in our oceans – oil usage is also. To make 1 kg of plastic, it takes 2 kg
of oil (including the energy needed to make the plastic and as an ingredient). So, for every 2 kg of
plastic made, 6 kg of CO2 is made. A gyro is the circular rotation of water within a basin that is
driven by the wind. There are 5 ocean plastic gyros worldwide where ocean currents have swept
plastics into a certain area and concentrated them. The largest is in the North Pacific a.k.a "The
Great Pacific

Different Types of Ducks
There were many different types of ducks in these locations but there were only a few I was able to
recognize: Ruddy ducks– dive for their food Very easy to spot these ducks because the male has a
bright blue bill, the bottom of their head is white and the top is black. The female is not as easy to
recognize but the top of its head is a darker brown whereas the bottom is a lighter brown/ white.
Mallard– dabbling These ducks are the most common ducks found around New York state. They
have a yellow bill with a green head and a white band around its neck. Common goldeneye– dive
for their food The reason why this duck is called the goldeneye, is because it actually has gold
colored eyes. The male ducks have a shiny green head with a white circle on its cheek. Its body is
black and white. The female, like every there female, does not have as many colors. The head is
brown and like the male, has golden eyes. The body is grey/white. 2. a) Flamingo: Its feet are long,
skinny and webbed.They have 4 toes in total, three toes pointing towards the front and one smaller
toe in the back. This is because these birds are almost always in the water and using their webbed
feet for swimming and stirring up food from the bottom. Their beak is hooked shaped, and their
lower bill is much thicker than the top. This allows for the flamingo to be filter feeders, looking for
tiny shrimp. Heron: The heron's feet have three long toes, two in the front and one behind to support
their body when

Plastic Pollution Essay
Plastic isn't biodegradable which emphasises the lingering threat that plastic waste has posed for
years and many more to come. Plastic is regarded as vital in our growing world today but slowly,
society is realising that this material has a taste for enormous destruction to our oceans. With the
increase in disposal of plastics in the ocean, it is more important now that people do anything they
can to minimise their plastic usage. Before someone can better manage their plastic usage, one
should ensure they understand the main areas such as the effects on different ocean depths, plastics
on marine organisms and ecosystems and the implications of various human activities. Among the
current threats based within our oceans, plastic is one of the most malicious ones and is only
growing worse. Plastic is a common result of human negligence. Plastic within the ocean threatens
the natural marine biodiversity. Due to this, at certain depths of the oceans, many marine species are
becoming extinct due to plastic pollution. People who consume marine cuisines are also risking
getting poisoned by the harmful plastics as they contain hazardous substances. With activities such
as fishing, there is a chance that fish are infected which can potentially work their way into
consumers households, carrying health problems with them (Mehnazd, J. 2016). Destruction of the
ocean doesn't just include the high seas as many shores and beaches result in plastic infestation.
With certain congested

Oceanic Pollution : A Major Issue Within The Modern Study...
Oceanic plastic pollution is a major issue within the modern study of marine biology. The main
focus of many studies about oceanic pollution are within the Pacific Ocean. The Pacific Ocean holds
much of the plastic pollution due to its location near costal countries along with being the main
transportation for many exported goods. This topic has sparked interest because of the rapid growth
of this problem will affect many within one's life time along with changing oceanic life. Oceanic
plastic pollution is complex and in order to help prevent and fix this pollution education is the key.
Oceanic pollution has many elements that define it and varies sources contribute this problem.
Complexity of this type of pollution can best be defined by The National Research Council within
their research Tackling Marine Debris in the 21st Century:
"[P]ollution of the marine environment means the introduction by man, directly or indirectly, of
substances or energy into the marine environment, including estuaries, which results or is likely to
result in such deleterious effects as harm to living resources and marine life, hazards to human
health, hindrance to marine activities, including fishing and other legitimate uses of the sea,
impairment of quality for use of sea water and reduction of amenities."
This definition states that humans are the major contributors of oceanic pollution whether aware or
not aware. Human are the main contributors by many of the daily tasks one does along with

Sea Turtles : The Sea Turtle
Sea Turtles: Sea turtles are another species which is drastically effected by longline fishing being
caught as another bycatch. The two sea turtles who are accidentally caught more often are the
loggerhead sea turtle and the leatherback sea turtle. Both of these sea turtles have been known to be
on endangered lists and unless we can change our fishing methods these innocent organisms could
be lost in the near future. In a study by R. Lewison, et al. (2004) they were able to estimate the
regions which both of these sea turtles are caught in the world. The loggerhead sea turtle is
accidentally caught more often in the regions of the Mediterranean and Pacific Ocean. The
leatherback sea turtle is accidentally caught more in the Pacific and ... Show more content on
Helpwriting.net ...
(2005). The J hook is a small hook which has a straight tip with only a small amount which could
catch the organism's mouth before it swallows the hook. The 18/0 circle hook is a wider hook
depending on the offset the fishermen have chosen, which has a rounded tip similar to a crescent
moon shape. This shape allows the hook to catch the organism by their mouth since it has more area
at which it could latch onto the different organisms. The 18/0 circle hook is the primary choice for
fishermen, especially if they are targeting tune, however, the J hook has become popular for the
fishermen wanting to catch swordfish. In the experiment conducted by J. Watson, et al (2005), they
specifically looked at the types of hooks used when the sea turtles swallowed the hook, were caught
in the mouth, or externally hooked. They were able to see an increase in hooks, J hook, swallowed
for the loggerhead sea turtle. While the hook which had caught both sea turtles was the 18/0 circle
hook. Finally, for the leatherback sea turtle, they were able to see the J hook caught the turtles
externally more often than the 18/0 circle hook. The type of hook also depends on what species the
fishermen are attempting to catch as well as what kind of bait they want to use. The 18/0 circle hook
is an excellent hook which holds onto the bait tightly giving no give to the organism attempting to
consume the bait. The 18/0 circle hook with "squid bait

Concrete Response Essay
The manual also suggests places to hide away from the public view such as caves, rocky areas, or
nest boxes. It is suggested that a disinfectant and fungicide is used when cleaning the holdings and
exhibits, with frequent hosing or timer set sprinklers used to prevent accumulation of fecal on the
substrate. The substrate needs to be variable to avoid foot issues. They suggest a variety of
substrates throughout the exhibit and holding areas like concrete and pebbles. Concrete can be
abrasive and promote bumblefoot, so placing mats down has been shown to help. No matter the
substrate chosen, it needs to be easily cleaned and disinfected. For the safety of the penguins, a
fence barrier should be placed two feet into the ground in an 'L' shape inwards to prevent them from
digging or burrowing out. A barrier of glass or acrylic between the penguins and guests should also
be maintained at all times.
Banding/Identification
AZA Penguin Taxon Advisory Group (2014) recommends an identification system such as a color
coded ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
This will also help reintroduction back into the colony as it is recommended that it be done as group.
A "howdy" cage can be used at first, followed be gradually allowing them to have supervised time
together.
Enrichment
AZA Penguin Taxon Advisory Group (2014) suggests a complex exhibit with lots of features such as
water jets, wave machines, and bubbles in the water. Land features should include rocks that have
ledges, alcoves, or caves. Other enrichment suggested included a sprinkler, keeper play, relocation
of food pans, ice cubes, and boomer balls. Browse can also be offered as long as it is a species that
is safe in case of ingestion. Operant training can be used as a form of enrichment as they respond to
routines.

Obama's Battle In Midway
Early this year, President Barack Obama has created the world's largest protected marine sanctuary
in the area surrounding the tiny archipelagos of Midway Atoll. Midway is a tiny rings of coral reef
with a population of only 50 people. Midway is only 1,300 miles away from Honolulu, Hawaii
located it in the Middle of the North Pacific Ocean. "The expansion will add 442,781 square miles
to the monument making its now a total of 582,578 square miles."[2] Which is nearly the size of the
Gulf of Mexico. During the Second World War, the island served as a strategic location for the US
naval; that brought us victory defeating Japan at the Battle of Midway in 1942. Nowadays, the
island is home to more than 7,000 marine and bird species. Not only that, but today's battle in
Midway is the impact of plastic debris on seabirds. The seabirds are picking up tiny ... Show more
content on Helpwriting.net ...
One of the reasons, President Obama visited the Papahanaumokuakea Marine National Monument
as he stated in his own words was to ensured "That the entire ecosystem will be able to generate the
kind of biodiversity that allows us to study it, research and understand our oceans better than we
ever have before."[1] This demonstrates that Obama's expansion will protected the reefs, and
marines animals like whales and sea turtles that are classified as endangered species. More
important the expansion will served as an example of to fight against climate change that are
threatening many ecosystems around the world as well as plastic pollution. Eventually, the
endangered species that share the marine environment in Midway, will be protected under the
Obama's expansion like the green turtles, monk seals, tiger sharks and as well as the birds species
such as the red–footed booby and the black–footed

Pollution And Its Effects On The Environment
The world is dying a little everyday and humans are the reason this is happening. The world is just
like the human body. When living things are sick they will get a fever to kill or slow down
infectious agents. The world is doing the same with global warming except humans are the
infectious agents. Many ecosystems are being destroyed from pollution. One of which is marine life.
The oceans are heating up because of pollution, and many of these ecosystems such as the Great
Barrier Reef are temperature sensitive. Just a slight change in temperature could have a major effect
on the marine organisms. Even though the ocean is vast and full of life, pollution needs to stop
because it is harming marine life, affects the food chain by killing organisms that another marine
creature might rely on for food, and it is a disruption to the cycle of coral reefs because corals are
light sensitive and pollution is making it hard for them to receive the light. Polluting the ocean is a
major threat to the organisms that depend on the ocean for food. The pollutants have a major affect
on the aquatic food chain because pollution is making it difficult for some marine organisms to find
food because of pollutants. If the organism can not find food this will start killing them off and their
population will decrease creating a domino effect. This will create a domino effect because if one
species starts dieing off another species will start to die and so on. The reason for this happening is
because

Descriptive Essay About The Galapagos
It was a seven hour flight to get from New York City to Guayaquil, Ecuador. After going through
customs I was finally greeted by my colleague, whom I would be working on this research with. Our
flight to the Galapagos was not until the next day so we decided to rent a car to take a small trip to a
different island, off the coast of Ecuador.
Before setting off on our journey I took my colleague to Parque de Iguanas. This is a very common
tourist attraction because of how up close and personal you can be with iguanas that live in there.
The iguanas can be found relaxing on the stone pathway or the grass, but most are found on the
trees. Although they are extremely fascinating animals, they are not the focus of our expedition.
After our ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
The airport was small and held the necessary amenities needed for air travel. The island's human
population is about 6,000 making it the second most populated island of the archipelago. The
temperature was around the high seventies and there was a constant fresh breeze from the ocean.
The area was filled with tourists, giving the island an atmosphere of a resort or vacation spot rather
than a site that influenced Darwin's theory of natural selection.
However, what made San Cristobal a critical aspect of our expedition was that it was home to
Frigatebird Hill. We took the tourist trail from the city center to Frigatebird Hill. We passed many
homes, tourist attractions, and hotels. Once at the hill we observed the difference between the
Magnificent Frigatebird and the Great Frigatebird. The male Great Frigatebird has green iridescent
scapular feathers while the Magnificent Frigatebird has purple iridescent scapular feathers. The
female Great Frigatebird has a red eye ring and a white throat and breast, while the Magnificent
Frigatebird has a blue eye ring, black throat and a white breast.
The Magnificent Frigate bird forge for food closer to the island. They roamed the skies preparing for
the prime opportunity to pluck out fish or squid from the water. Yet, they also obtained their food by
stealing it from other bird including their own kind! A blue footed booby returned from the sea to
feed its young. While regurgitating the for the young blue footed

Olfaction Use in Avian Species Essay
Olfaction use in avian species
Odors are broadly used for individual, sexual and species recognition in vertebrates and may be
reliable signals of quality and compatibility when selecting mates. Yet, chemical signals in birds
have rarely been investigated. In fact, birds exhibit a wide array of communication mechanisms,
such as colors and songs, but rarely display obvious olfactory–driven behaviors. This discrepancy
seen in the amount of information regarding olfactory use is due to the belief that birds do not have
a well developed olfactory system compared to other animals. Because they do not have a well
developed olfactory system, other perceptual cues, such as sight and audition, are seen as better
predictors of behavior. The ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Additionally, as they approach their nests, burrow nesters avoid making calls or songs; they do not
to bring attention to themselves so predators do not locate their nests. Having to locate their nests in
the dark, burrow nesters cannot efficiently use visual cues to locate their nests. Moreover, because
they avoid making calls and songs, they are unable to use auditory based cues to locate their nests
either. In these cases, other forms of communication is needed. Mardon and Bonadonna (2009)
assert that olfactory cues are a reliable method of locating their nests in the absence of visual and
auditory cues. Specifically, the characteristic smell of the burrow will help them locate it when
returning. To test this hypothesis, Mardon and Bonadonna (2009) used a Y–maze experiment to
identify the olfactory preferences of petrels, birds known to use burrow nests. In Y maze
experiments, one specific odor is placed at each end of the top side, and the bird is placed at the
bottom side. The bird is believed to move toward the end that it prefers. In their experiment using
storm petrels, recognized and prefered their own scent compared to conspecifics. Further
investigation with petrels found that when placed in the Y–maze they prefer the scent of their mate
to the odor of another conspecific (Mardon & Bonadonna, 2009). Their studies show that a personal
scent exists for avian species, and that they have a preference for their own and

Tristan Albatross Research Papers
Tristan Albatross is apart of the D. dabbenena species. The Tristan Albatross is a fairly big seabird
known for spending time near the ocean waters. The Tristan Albatross, which is hard to differentiate
from the Wandering Albatross, has a wingspan up to 9–10 ft. and is primarily white with a dark
back. Compared to the Wandering Albatross, they are slightly smaller, a little darker and they never
really obtain their full white plumage. Their geographic distribution is very tough for experts and
researches to find know due to the simple fact that they look so much like the Wandering Albatross.
Although experts aren't completely uninformed, by using tracking devices there is research that
shows them in a wide variety of different places. Males

What Is Ocean Pollution Persuasive Speech
Speech Preparation Outline Template
Speech Title: Ocean Pollution and its effects on Florida Wildlife
I. Introduction
A. Attention Getter: What is the one thing we all have in common in this room– We all live in
Florida. And Florida is known for its beaches and wildlife. It is currently estimated that there is 100
million tons of plastic is in our oceans, and the impacts on local marine wildlife include fatalities
from ingestion, starvation, suffocation, infection, drowning, and entanglement.
B. Purpose Statement: Plastic pollution in our waterways is killing local marine wildlife.
C. Credibility: I chose this topic because I kayak in our Florida waterways and I see the pollution
and damage it does to our ecosystem
D. Preview of Main ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
According to NOAA, "Scientists have found plastic fragments in literally hundreds of species
including 86% of all sea turtles, 44% of all seabird species, and 43% of marine mammal species"
a. Sea turtles are dying because they try to eat plastic bags mistaking them for jellyfish
2. According to the Sea Turtle Conservancy, sea turtles have a downward facing spine in their
throats which makes it impossible for regurgitation.
a. Therefore, plastics get stuck in their stomach preventing them from swallowing food properly.
3. Many Sea turtles suffer from "bubble butt" because harmful gas gets trapped due to
decomposition, causing the turtle to float, usually resulting in starvation, or making them easy prey.
Transition: However, Sea turtles are not the only species to suffer from plastic pollution. Our local
fish also suffer and die.
B. Main Point #2: Fish bring in water through their gills and ingest micro plastics causing a chain
reaction
1. So what are "microplastics"? "NOAA classifies microplastics as small plastic pieces less than 5
mm in diameter which can be harmful to our ocean and aquatic life". Microbeads are also tiny
pieces of plastic added to health and beauty products, such as some cleansers and

Sea Dogs Research Paper
Scotland's seabirds have experienced a massive drop in availability of one of their major food
sources, the sand eel. This eel is the food of choice for many species of scotland's birds, including
the European shag and the puffin, and the Center for Ecology and Hydrology has recorded a drop of
48% of sand eels from the diets of these seabirds between 1985 and 2014. Researchers think this
drop is the result of climate change and the rapidly rising ocean temperatures in the region. The
North Sea's temperature has risen by 0.037 degrees C per year since 1982, and is expected to
continue to rise, which coincides with the seen decrease in sand eels. While the sand eels have
declined from the diet of these birds, other fish species have increased.

Albatross Research Papers
Soaring through the ocean breeze, the Albatross is one of the most magnificent birds on planet
Earth. This type of bird has been well known ever since the poem the "Rime of the Ancient
Mariner", and is unique in many ways. You might as well call them tube–nose!
The Habitat of the Albatross is mainly the sky, so to speak, as it spends most of its lifetime gliding
through the air. This is also supported by the Albatross' tapered wings, which allows the bird to use
the wind efficiently. Congregations of Albatrosses on land are rare except for when it is breeding
season; they then reside on remote islands for a number of months to mate and care for their clutch.
With an average wing span of eleven feet and a weight of up to twenty–two pounds, ... Show more
Some fledgelings fall into the depths of the coasts while making their maiden flight and many do not
possess the capability to fly out of the water. This results in Albatrosses being attacked by the sharks
while in the water.
The surviving Albatrosses, of course, need to eat as well. Correspondingly, the majority of their prey
is made up of sea animals. The birds mainly hunt animals on the surface of the ocean–such as fish,
squid, crabs, and carrion, or decaying flesh. With its exceptional eyesight and sense of smell, the
Albatross can hunt for food in both night and day; especially if it is looking for carrion. Since
decaying flesh is commonly used as bait on fishing trawlers, the Albatross often follows ships for
days while hunting. In addition, the hooked beak allows the Albatross to catch slippery prey.
Hydration is also important: many seabirds prefer fresh water when it is available, but can also drink
salt water. The Albatross is one of the birds that is able to drink salt water as a result of salt glands
above its eyes; the salt is absorbed into the bloodstream and heads toward the glands. From there,
the water is desalinated and a concentrated salty liquid is excreted from the nostrils. This is why
there is a pronounced tube covering the nostrils–it keeps the liquid from spraying onto the

Research: Plastic Pollution in Water
Solutions to Plastic Pollution in our Oceans
The Basics
We 're treating the oceans like a trash bin: around 80 percent of marine litter originates on land, and
most of that is plastic. Plastic that pollutes our oceans and waterways has severe impacts on our
environment and our economy. Seabirds, whales, sea turtles and other marine life are eating marine
plastic pollution and dying from choking, intestinal blockage and starvation. Scientists are
investigating the long–term impacts of toxic pollutants absorbed, transported, and consumed by fish
and other marine life, including the potential effects on human health.
What it means to you
Plastic pollution affects every waterway, sea and ocean in the world. When we damage our water ...
Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Seabirds that feed on the ocean surface are especially prone to ingesting plastic debris that floats.
Adults feed these items to their chicks resulting in detrimental effects on chick growth and
survival.8 One study found that approximately 98% of chicks sampled contained plastic and the
quantity of plastic being ingested was increasing over time.9
Because persistent organic pollutants in the marine environment attach to the surface of plastic
debris, floating plastics in the oceans have been found to accumulate pollutants and transport them
through ocean currents.10 Floating and migrating plastic debris has also been found to transport
invasive marine species.11 Increasingly, research shows that marine life that ingests plastics coated
with pollutants can absorb these pollutants their bodies.
Plastic debris is polluting the human food chain. In a 2008 Pacific Gyre voyage, Algalita researchers
began finding that fish are ingesting plastic fragments and debris. Of the 672 fish caught during that
voyage, 35% had ingested plastic pieces.
The plastics industry, through the leadership of the American Chemical Council (ACC), spends
millions of dollars each year to convince policy makers and Californians that solutions to plastic
pollution lie in anti–litter campaigns that attribute the responsibility for marine debris on individual
behavior. Yet they have devoted little funding to public education and much more on promoting

One Flew Over The Cuckoo's Poem At The Beach
The foaming tide licked at the black sand, producing whispers in the early morning air. A seabird
threw his voice out in greeting as the sun crested the open water. It flew low over the beach, looking
for small crustaceans to devour. Finally the bird settled for the snails that could be found clinging to
the underside of driftwood. She landed atop a large driftwood log and began to pick off the tiny
invertebrates. Suddenly the seabird launched herself into the sky with a flurry of feathers and
indignent squaks. Ahklut leapt the log and snapped after the seabird playfully, landing neatly in the
black sand. He shook his athletic frame, spraying seawater in all directions, leaving his soggy fur
sticking out in all directions. Tongue lollying

The Effects Of Climate Change On Antarctica
Antarctic, the White world, is home to some of the world's most extraordinary species, adapted to
life in their unique home. Some, such as the enormous whales, migrate far and wide, while others,
such as the Weddell seal and the emperor penguin, remain close to the continent. Millions of
seabirds skim the Southern Ocean, the world's most abundant, and species such as far–flung
albatrosses and petrels circle these waters. Antarctic wildlife is generally unafraid of humans.
Preserved for peace and science, Antarctic world rewards the traveler with inspiration, adventure
and perspective. There's nothing quite like seeing ice shimmering in all directions, reflecting
sunlight through each season, or the blazing twinkle of a velvet blanket of stars ... Show more
However, since Antarctica is a big place, climate change is not having a uniform impact, with some
areas experiencing increases in sea ice extent. Yet in others, sea ice is decreasing, with measurable
impacts on wildlife. Local Antarctic effects of climate change are only part of the problem.
Antarctica comprises two geologically distinct regions, East Antarctica and West Antarctica,
separated by the great Trans–Antarctic Mountains but joined together by the all–encompassing ice
sheet. The presence of the high ice sheet and the polar location make Antarctica a powerful heat sink
that strongly affects the climate of the whole Earth. Furthermore, the annual sea ice cover around the
continent, which seasonally reaches an area greater than that of the continent itself, modulates
exchanges of heat, moisture, and gases between the atmosphere and ocean and, through salt
rejection when it freezes, forces the formation of cold oceanic bottom waters that spread out under
the world's oceans. Alterations to this system will affect climate all over the planet.
Although the impact of climate change and the Antarctic are discussed often in the media, climate
change in the Antarctic is comparatively neglected, or reported ambiguous. The science is clear
when says that climate change is already negatively impacting Antarctica, losing

Red Tide Research Paper
Madison Easterbrook David Fugate OCE 3008C April 25, 2016 Red Tide in West Florida Red tide is
a very serious issue that severely affects the West Coast of Florida. Red tide is defined as a toxic
bloom in red dinoflagellates. It has major impacts on its surroundings. Algal species that have
harmful effects are commonly referred to as Harmful Algal Blooms (HABs). Toxic red tide is
threatening tourism in West Florida as well as wildlife, specifically the endangered manatees as it
extends down the Florida coast. When conditions are right, dinoflagellates will bloom in very large
numbers. Red tides name comes from the color that the blooms give the water when there are high
concentrations of algae. Don Anderson, a senior scientist at the Woods ... Show more content on
Helpwriting.net ...
Oxygen depletion will create stress which can take years to recover. These HABs can also suppress
mammalian immune functions which results in mass mortalities of dolphins and manatees. This can
be seen by a significant reduction in manatee lymphocytes in cell culture that are exposed to these
toxins. With all of this evidence of the negative impacts of these toxins, it shows the need to
recognize these biotoxins as significant stressors within south–west Florida coastal ecosystems.
HABs in Florida have had a major impact on seabirds in the west Florida area. Seabirds that were
admitted for rehabilitation in 2005–2006 after a severe bloom on the west coast of Florida showed
signs of disorientation, inability to stand, and seizures. Scientists tested the blood, biologic fluids,
and tissues of the seabirds in search of brevetoxin, and found that 69% of the seabirds tested had this
toxin present in their bodies. The four species that were most affected were the Double–crested
Cormorants, Brown Pelicans, Great Blue Herons, and Common Loons. Through blood and fecal
samples taken from several of the seabirds during rehabilitation, it was found that the brevetoxin
was expelled from their bodies within 5–19 after being admitted to the rehabilitation facility. In the
seabirds that died, high areas in the body of highest brevetoxin concentrations were found in bile,
stomach contents, and

Roaring Rodent Essay
A remote province of seabirds is at hazard from an impossible predator – a multitude of minor house
mice. However, one man is making it his central goal to drive out the pillaging rodents, says Chris
Carnegy. Keith Springer doesn't generally do birthdays. That is pretty much too, on the grounds that
when he turned 55 a couple of weeks back he was on a disallowing chunk of shake, south of the
Roaring Forties. His modest bunch of associates made him a cake, and that was that. I ponder what
kind of presents he regularly gets. What do you get a person who's a standout amongst the most
productive executioners on earth? Springer conveys a demeanor of steely assurance. Home is close
Christchurch, New Zealand, yet he's done his agreement slaughtering in ... Show more content on
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In one mammoth coasting incident, I found a craftsman from Holland, a bookkeeper from England,
a cleric from South Africa, a dental specialist from Scotland. On the parade went: helicopter pilot,
seal–watcher, cop, groundskeeper, ambassador, ornithologist – all close by islanders going to or
from their homes. Gracious, and there was the Frenchman whose apparatus sniffs the Atlantic air for
hints of maverick atomic tests. He does birthdays good; his gathering on board included a cake fit as
a fiddle of two stout rear end. What's more, in among all of them, Keith Springer – world master in
the butcher of little hairy animals. His count of casualties – rats, rabbits, felines and mice –
effectively best a million. It's idea seal–chasing boats of the days of yore brought a modest bunch of
normal house–mice to the island. They increased and now run widespread, with the eggs and chicks
of a huge number of seabirds giving their whatever you–can–eat buffet. Furthermore, when they
strike the homes of the gooney bird, they get a free pass. Neither chick nor parent has advanced to
perceive the risk: they can observe uncomprehendingly as the youthful are eaten

Effects Of Glaciers On The Environment
As time progresses more and more emissions are expelled into our atmosphere. While this happens
at the current rate, our world begins to warm and the climates begin to change. One of the largest
impacts we see in our world is glaciers retreating at a pace that seems unstoppable. As the glaciers
retreat we see the surrounding ecosystems changing with them. The water put off into the oceans
impacts not only molecules in the water but the life within it. As glaciers retreat more and more
questions arise but one pressing factor is how it is affecting entire surrounding regions. It is
questionable to see if some species are adapting to the receding of glaciers or if populations are
directly impacted. Since glaciers play a huge role in the environment, it can only be predicted that it
will impact many species dramatically. This can be predicted because of the noticeable change in the
ecosystems around them. Glaciers hold a huge mass that not only covers large areas of land but
shapes and changes the landscape. Since Prince William Sound has so many glaciers feeding into its
region it is an ideal area to observe.. Since glaciers are such influential masses in our environment it
can be predicted that their retreat has direct impact in their region. Prince William Sound is located
in Southeast Alaska and is in the Chugach National Forest. The Sound is home to a temperate
rainforest and is over 2 million acres. Prince William Sound is home to around 150 glaciers, over
220 species of

A Critical Analysis OfNearly Every Seabird On Earth Is...
In today's society, one of the main problems we face is pollution. The role of plastic playing in the
daily lives of people is interminable. The main problem with plastic is that it is tossed into the ocean
and that it can travel long distances with the currents and winds. Marine animals and other animals
that depend on the ocean for sustenance wind up eating the trash thinking that it's food. This is
especially true for plastic trash (Parker, 2015). For those of us who live on the coast, a mere walk on
the beach gives us insight to how much our misuse of plastic has become. The number of seabirds
that have ingested the plastic waste and have died is increasing, however, efforts to clean the plastic
has stopped due to the cost of the clean–up.
The issue of pollution is felt nationwide, and many people don't understand the severity that is
causes. Laura Parker, the author of the article titled, "Nearly Every Seabird on Earth Is Eating
Plastic," interviewed Chris Wilcox on his opinion of the devastating effects the plastic debris has on
wildlife. Chris Wilcox, Ph.D., is a researcher with the Marine and Atmospheric Research
organization and a professional in the field, said that all species of seabirds will consume plastic by
2050 (Parker, 2014). According to the article, scientists have been finding and dissecting dead
seabirds to find how much plastic they ingest. They, concluded that 80 percent of the stomach was
filled with plastic. (Parker, 2014).
Wilcox says

Plastic Pollution Essay
"In Australia, you can tell how far you are away from a city by how much plastic is on the beach and
in the water near the beach" Dr Wilcox explained in an interview with the ABC. "About every 11
years the amount of plastic doubles". It is estimated that there are up to 51 trillion plastic particles in
the ocean, and around 8 million tonnes of plastic went into the ocean in 2010 alone. All this plastic
finds its way into the ocean, where billions of marine animals call their home. Many animals
confuse plastic littering for food, including sea turtles. Plastic bags are responsible for the deaths of
over 100,000 marine animals every year. This a significant number of animals dying each year, all
because of plastic bags being littered and making its way to the ocean. Plastic bags start out as litter
on beaches, streets and sidewalks. The plastic bags go down storm water runoffs, which can often
cause severe flooding. The flooding picks up more plastic bags, and ends up in the ocean. Plastic
bags are finding their way into the ocean in many ways, and this is just one of them. Another
common way for plastic bags to end up in the ocean, is when people dump them on the sand, so that
when the tide comes in it picks them up and they go into the sea. Plastic bags can take up to 1000
years to break down in the environment, which means that every single conventional plastic ever
made still exists. Professor Andrew Holmes claims that 'no–one in their daily life within a period of
ten

Penguins And Oil Spills
Do you know how many penguins died in the past 10 year from oil spills ? 2.5 million penguins
have died from oil spills in the last 10 years.¨ the sea bird chronicle¨ and ¨the amazing penguin
rescue have many similarities and differences such as conflict and how the setting creates a mood.
One similarity between .¨ the sea bird chronicle¨ and ¨the amazing penguin rescue´´ is the conflict.
Both stories conflict is character vs nature because in the amazing penguin rescue a boat spills oil in
the ocean and almost killed all of the penguins. An example is ´´ as you come to the surface for air ,
the water feels unfamiliar it is to thick and it burns your eyes.´´(16 tarshis) This quote is significant
because the penguins can't swim when theres and oil spill because their feathers are to heavy.
Similarities in ´´the amazing penguin rescue´´ they had a character vs nature conflict. An example is
that the volunteers put sweaters on all of the penguins to keep them warm until they could get all of
the oil off the birds. This quote is significant because there is fear that if too much oil spills they
won't be able to save all of the ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
In ´´the seabird chronicle´´ they knitted sweater for the penguins and it creates a mood of happiness.
An example is the volunteers got busy with their knitting needles and within days the first penguins
at phillip island were outfitted in their new wool sweaters. This confirms the happiness because the
volunteers spent their time knitting sweater for the penguins . In contrast ´´the amazing penguin
rescue´´ creates a mood of helpless because they dedicated a whole warehouse to the penguins. An
example(17 Tarshis) This confirms my mood of helpless because the volunteers ordered a whole
room of fish and ice for the penguins. In summary the two stories have settings that create two
distinct

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