Diabetes The Endocrine System Consists Of Elevated Or...

Diabetes The Endocrine System Consists Of Elevated Or...
Diabetes In diabetes the endocrine system comprises of elevated or inadequate depression of
endocrine gland with results in alterations in hormone levels. "Diabetes affect 25.8 million people,
or 8.3% the U.S. population, have diabetes and another seven million are estimated to be
undiagnosed" (Huether & McCance, 2012, P.447). Diabetes Insipidus "Diabetes Insipidus (DI) is a
disorder of insufficient activity of ADH, leading to polyuria (frequent urination) and polydipsia
(frequent drinking)" (Huether & McCance, 2012, P.449). There are two forms, neurogenic or central
DI can occur with injury or some drug to posterior pituitary gland interferes with abnormalities in
ADH secretion. Second nephrogenic is failure of the renal tubes to concentrate urine in respond to
ADH. In DI the individual has difficulty concentrating urine whether partial or total. The lack of
ADH allows filtered water to be excreted in the urine instead of reabsorbed. Results in excretion of
large volumes of dilute urine, leading to increase plasma osmolality. The disorder triggers excessive
urination and thirst and fluid intake. Urine output can range from 1 to 2 liter/day averaging 8 to 12
liter/day with low specific gravity. Loss of fluid output without replacement the individual can
rapidly develop dehydration. The individual that is unable to maintain the appropriate water balance
hypernatremia and hyperosmolality will occur. Laboratory test a 24hour urine, serum electrolyte and
glucose level. Urine
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Ovarian Aging: A Case Study
THE FMR1 GENE IMPACT ON OVARIAN PHYSIOLOGY (87 B)
Although normal and pathological ovarian functions are still elusive, as well are normal and
premature ovarian aging, we acknowledge that a huge amount of information accumulated in the
last decades. The evidence that the ovary ages following highly precise patterns (when compared to
aging of other body organs and tissues) and that individual variability profoundly impacts
folliculogenesis and onset of menopause (Te Velde and Pearson, 2002), have represented for
longtime a nearly insurmountable endeavour when attempting to plan proper management strategies
in individuals willing for children.
The normal ovarian function is a continuum process that initiates early during the intrauterine life
and endures through the reproductive life up to menopause. The ovarian aging process is still poorly
understood, even though recent investigations have shed a new light on it. Endocrinological features
(Sükür et al., 2014), autoimmunity (Gleicher et al., 2012), iatrogenic factors (Broekmans et al.,
2009), genetic causes (Persani et al., 2010) and micro–environmental dynamics (i.e., the endocrine
disrupting chemicals) ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Interestingly, the authors found that the number of retrieved eggs after IVF was non–linearly
associated to the number of CGG repeats in the range of premutation, having an unfavourable
prognosis in the range 80–120, that in turn was non–linearly associated with the highest
concentration of mRNA in granulosa cells. Furthermore, the age of menopause did not appear to be
a function of the size of the CGG repeats for the same 80–120 range (Ennis et al.,

Hormonal Disorders: The Endocrine System
Hormones:
The endocrine system is a system utilized by an organism in order to regulate the secretion of
hormones and other bodily functions. It consists of various glandular components such as the
pituitary gland, pancreas, thyroid gland, testes, parathyroid, adrenals, pineal body, etc. These glands
produce and secrete different hormones (chemicals created by glands in order to influence cell
coordination and bodily functions) which all serve unique functions (effect cell, tissue and organ
function) which are released into the blood stream which allows for multiple areas to be effected
simultaneously, for example, they contribute to an organism's growth and repair, sexual
development and also metabolism.
The endocrine system bases its hormone secretion/production on sensory feedback as well as
involuntary processes initiated by the brain. For example; hormones regulated by the pituitary ...
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The way to help with this is by taking medication called levothyroxine. Another hormonal disorder
that can occur in the thyroid is hyperthyroidism. This is when the thyroid is over reactive meaning
the person's metabolic rate is too high. One of the ways doctors may help with this disorder is by
removing part or the whole thyroid and getting the patient to take levothyroxine. But in many cases
the doctors don't do anything unless it server. Another hormonal disorder that people may have is a
glucose homeostasis disorder. This includes diabetes. The way doctors help patients deal with this is
for example type 1 diabetes is checking their blood sugar, injecting insulin and eating a healthy
balanced diet. With type 2 diabetes some people need insulin injections to control their insulin
levels. They also need to check their blood sugar levels regularly. They also need to check they are
having a healthy balanced

Explain The Three Categories Of Hormones
The three categories of hormones are amino acid derivatives, peptide hormones, and lipid
derivatives. The amino acid derivatives come from the amino acids tyrosine and tryptophan. Peptide
hormones are broken down into two groups. One of them has glycoproteins, while the second has
short polypeptides and small proteins. Lipid derivatives are also made up of two groups that are
referred to as eicosanoids and steroid hormones. The hormones are typically released into the blood
stream and leave the blood stream by either diffusing out to bind with receptors, broken down by the
kidneys or liver, or broken down by enzymes that can be found in the blood or interstitial fluids.
These tropic hormones are the hormones that

Cortisol Research Paper
Cortisol production is stimulated by ACTH secretion from the anterior pituitary via numerous
feedback mechanisms according to the circadian rhythm, with peak levels in the early morning and
smaller fluctuations throughout the day. ACTH secretion is stimulated by CRH in the hypothalamus
which is stimulated by things such as: decreases in plasma cortisol, hypoglycemia, stress, and
infection. Secretion of ACTH leads to conversion of cholesterol to cortisol in the zona fasciculata of
the adrenal gland via various cytochrome P450 enzymes. Increased levels of cortisol itself cause
negative feedback on the pituitary and hypothalamus. The zona glomerulosa is the site of production
of Aldosterone, the principal mineralocorticoid, via similar mechanisms (cytochrome p 450.)
Aldosterone production is stimulated by activation of the renin angiotensin system in response to
decreased intravascular volume (sensed by baroreceptors), decreased sodium levels sensed in the
macula densa of the nephron, and by the sympathetic nervous system in response to stress.
Over ninety percent of cortisol in the blood is bound to corticosteroid binding globulin, and about
ten percent is in the free, biologically active form, however these levels may vary during times of ...
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In cases such as these, one may check an early morning cortisol level in which levels > 10 mcg/dL
usually suggest there is no impairment in HPA axis. Levels <5 mcg/dL are suggestive of additional
glucocorticoid therapy intraoperatively. In levels between 5–10mcg one may perform a standard
250mg ACTH stimulation test in which cortisol level 30 minutes after injection should have a
minimum value of

Thyroid Stimulating Hormone Research Paper
Thyroid stimulating hormone (TSH)
Stimulate the secretion of thyroid hormones from the thyroid gland by binding to a receptor on the
surface of the cells of the thyroid (G protein –coupled receptors).TSH is stimulated by TRH
hormone of the hypothalamus and is inhibited by Somatostatin hormone, as well as by thyroid
hormones in a negative feedback loop.
Prolactine
Is a peptide hormone which causes synthesis in milk after birth, while it assists in preparation of
breasts for milk production after birth. It is stimulated by TRH hormone of the hypothalamus and is
inhibited by dopamine and estrogens. Another function of this hormone is counteracting dopamine
which causes sexual arousal.
Growth hormone Is a peptide hormone that's stimulated by the

The Facts About Hypothyroidism.
The Facts About Hypothyroidism
Hypothyroidism isn't picky, it can strike at any age and can affect anyone. However, it's favorite
victim appears to be women since it occurs in approximately 1 in 50 women and only about 1 in
1,000 men. It typically occurs in adults and becomes more common as age increases.
What is Hypothyroidism?
This is a condition in which the thyroid gland no longer produces enough of vital hormones.
This can be problematic due to the fact the thyroid is the control mechanism for the metabolism
which in turn affects your body's temperature, heartbeat and how well a person burns calories. So if
your thyroid hormone is low your body may have less energy and your metabolism can become very
stagnant.
Potential Symptoms
Varying symptoms can present themselves, depending on the severity of the actual hormone
deficiency. However, symptoms do not always present themselves early on, but be on the look out
for these and other potential signs or symptoms:
Fatigue
Increased cold sensitivity
Unexplained weight gain
Muscle weakness
Pain, stiffness or swelling in joints
Thinning hair
Depression
Impaired memory
Dry skin
How Do I Know?
Pay attention to your body and the signals it's trying to give you, watching for any of the symptoms
listed above. If you feel something may be off balance don't hesitate to reach out to your physician.

A physician will potentially order blood test to check your hormone levels, checking your thyroid–
stimulating hormone (TSH)

Essay On Endocrine Disruptors
These glands are accountable for the production and regulation of hormones that are released into
the blood circulation and dispersed to target sites. Hormones behave as chemical carriers regulating
essential body functions such as blood pressure, sexual reproduction, blood glucose levels, fluid
stability and development (GreenFacts Scientific Board). However recent studies suggest that a
variety of substances such as natural and man–made are interacting with the endocrine system
resulting in adverse health effects, such as a decrease of male fertility, deformities in male
reproductive organs, female reproductive disorders, and potiental effects of the development of the
nervous system and immune system. With a decline in quantities of males reproducing throughout
living organisms ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Endocrine disruptors include pharmaceuticals such as dioxin and dioxin–like compounds,
polychlorinated biphenyls, DDT, and plasticizers such as bisphenol A. In addition to being present
in pharmaceuticals, endocrine disruptors can also be located in manufacturing products such as
plastic bottles, metal food cans, cosmetics, pesticides, dietary supplements, and children's toys
(National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences). Recent studies involving animals have linked
the impact of endocrine disruptors and their mechanism to the endocrine system. The endocrine
disruptors have the ability to imitate natural occurring hormones produce in the body such as
estrogen, androgens and thyroid hormones. Endocrine disruptors also have the capability to bind and
inhibit endogenous receptors thus resulting in improper signally throughout the body. Furthermore,
Endocrine disruptors can coordinate simultaneously to produce additive/synergistic effects that are
unnoticeable with discrete

Compare And Contrast Gigantism And Acromegaly
Throughout history Gigantism and Acromegaly has shown in different nations, tribes, and races.
Even though gigantism and acromegaly are both very rare and occurs in approximately 50 out of
every 1 million people, both of these conditions are hard for parents to detect when in early ages
because growth plates start to open up and children begin to start their growth phase. Gigantism and
Acromegaly is a very interesting topic, because this disease causes children/people to grow to be
abnormal sizes. These abnormal sizes are usually two standard deviations above normal height.
Some adults with Gigantism can reach up to 7 feet or taller within their lifespans. Acromegaly is
very similar to gigantism, but it involves the limbs of the body such as ... Show more content on
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Many doctors and physicians have been able to bring patients levels of these diseases to and under
control level and sometimes even cure it. Many patients who find out they have the diseases either
decide they want to get the benign tumor removed or just got through radiation therapy. Usually
Surgery for removal of the tumor is the first choice for a patient rather than going through radiation
therapy. The rate of cure for the surgical process depends on the size of the tumor, whether or not if
it spread outside the pituitary gland, and the level of growth hormones before surgery." In patients
with small tumors confined to the pituitary and exhibiting only moderately high HGH levels, the
cure rate can be as high as 80–90%. In patients with larger tumors, especially those extending out of
the pituitary, cure rates with surgery can be reduced to 40–60%." (Source 2) Radiation is usually the
second option because removal by surgery usually works well. This way of treatment can reduce the
size of the pituitary tumor and decreasing the growth hormone levels. "However, this decrease is
often very slow, and it can take over ten years for the HGH levels to drop to normal. Treatment with
radiation can also have significant side effects, including damage to the pituitary gland itself, visual
loss, and brain damage. Some studies have also suggested that treatment with

Thieid Prostitutions: A Formal Analysis
In thе 1930s, thе Schеchtеr brothеrs ran a chickеn businеss in Brooklyn. Thеy slaughtеrеd chickеns
and sold thеm to shops. Thеy sееmеd to bе standard immigrants, oncе struggling and succееding.
But in 1934, thеy bеcamе famous thanks to Schеchtеr Poultry Corp. v. Unitеd Statеs. Thе brothеrs
wеrе accusеd of violating a codе rеgulating thе chickеn businеss; only months aftеr Franklin
Roosеvеlt had signеd it. Thе DA had said thеy sold an unfit chickеn; onе with an еgg still lodgеd
insidе it, and hat thеy had also triеd to undеrcut thеir compеtitor's pricеs. It was thе sеcond chargе
that that said thеy brokе thе nеw law. With thе Grеat Dеprеssion on its way and dеflation causing
еconomic collapsе, thе Roosеvеlt administration had bannеd "dеstructivе ... Show more content on
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Shlaеs likеs thе modеl offеrеd by Willkiе, thе Rеpublicans' 1940 prеsidеntial nominее, in which thе
Nеw Dеal would havе bееn scalеd back and businеss would havе fillеd thе spacе. Shе builds hеr
casе mostly by suggеstions, through a sеriеs of skеtchеs of sеlf–startеrs who еmbodiеd what thе frее
markеt could havе accomplishеd. Thеrе is Bill Wilson, for еxamplе, thе stock tradеr who foundеd
Alcoholics Anonymous and in thе procеss "taught Amеricans that thе solution to thеir troublеs lay
not with a fеdеral program but within a nеw sort of еntity – thе sеlf–hеlp community," (Shlaеs, 268)
as Shlaеs puts it. Mеllon shows thе powеr of charity by donating his unrivalеd art collеction to thе
country, thus crеating thе National Gallеry. Roosеvеlt, howеvеr, prеfеrrеd govеrnmеnt institutions
likе thе Food and Drug

The Endocrine System And The Nervous System
The endocrine system and the nervous system are essential organ systems in the human body. Both
of the systems have a critical role of transmitting information as well as promoting regulated
functions in the body. The endocrine system is responsible for secreting hormones to regulate the
body's organs and cells. The nervous system is accountable for sending signals to other cells in the
body to allow the body to react such as making the muscles move (eNotes, 18 September 2012). An
example of the endocrine system would be the process of growth and development. An example of
the nervous system would be if one was to touch a hot stove, they would pull back their hand and
the nerves in the body would send pain signals to the brain. This essay will discuss the similarities
and differences of the endocrine system and the nervous system for healthcare providers. ... Show
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The endocrine system glands produce hormones in the body to allow the body to regulate many
functions such as sleeping, metabolism, reproduction, growth, development and it regulates the
body's behavior. The endocrine system has an impact on almost all of the organs in the human body
(Zimmermann, K.A., 11 March 2016).
The nervous system is made of two systems which consist of the central nervous system and the
peripheral nervous system. The central nervous system is composed of the brain, spinal cord, and
the nerves in the body. The peripheral nervous system is composed of nerves and a bundle of nerve
cells called ganglia, which is located on the outside of the spinal cord and the brain. The nervous
system is responsible for controlling and communicating with other parts in the body to maintain
blood pressure, breathing, and other essential functions to carry out an ordinary lifestyle
(Zimmermann, K.A., 11 March

Hormone Adjustment Therapy Research Paper
Benefits of Hormone Replacement Therapy for Men and Women
Fountain of Youth
Hormone replacement therapy (HRT), or also known as hormone therapy (HT) is a government
approved treatment that has seen a resurgence in popularity due to it benefits for men and women.
From menopause to osteoporosis, HRT can help treat and prevent medical ailments that affect
thousands of people in a variety of age groups.
Managing Menopause
HRT is one of the most effective practices used to help women manage the discomfort they may
experience during menopause. Reduced levels of estrogen and progesterone can cause hot flashes,
mood swings, night sweats, vaginal dryness and sleep disturbances. An estrogen only therapy (ET)
will give most women the relief they need from these issues. Women who have had a hysterectomy
are usually prescribed ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
The addition of progestogen will help protect the uterus from developing uterine (endometrial)
cancer.
Women receiving HRT containing estrogen will not only see a reduction of their menopausal
symptoms but there is also the benefit of improved brain function, thicker hair and bone density, as
well as better sleep and muscle function.
Osteoporosis
When estrogen levels decrease, a woman's chances for developing osteoporosis increases following
menopause. Studies have shown that women who receive HRT during menopause have had a greater
bone density in the early and late postmenopausal stage.
Men receiving a testosterone replacement therapy will also see the benefit of increased bone density
and will be at a much lower risk of developing osteoporosis as well.
Reverse the Aging Process? Possibly
Another type of HRT is human growth hormone (HGH) treatment. While this may not be the
fountain of youth, receiving this injection form of HRT can produce tighter and firmer skin. Stronger
nails and a better functioning immune system are other added

The Endocrine System: Glands That Create And Secrete Hormones
The Endocrine System is composed of glands that create and secrete hormones.
Hormones are chemical messengers that are sent out in the body to control many
different bodily functions. Hormones are used for things such as regulating body temperature and
giving the body a "hunger feeling".
One of the glands in the endocrine system is the hypothalamus, which is located in the brain, it is
responsible for controlling homeostatic systems such as thirst and body temperature. The
hypothalamus also is involved in controlling sex drive and sleep. The parathyroid is another, it is
located in the anterior neck, it is responsible for controlling the amount of calcium in the body. The
thymus is located behind the sternum, between the left and right lung. It is responsible for
stimulating the development of T–cells in a ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Another gland in the immune system is the pancreas, it is located in the abdomen, it is responsible
for regulating blood sugar. The adrenal glands are located at the top of both kidneys, it produces
hormones that affect the body's heart rate, burn fat and proteins, and help the body respond to stress.
The ovaries, produce female sex hormones and is located in the lower abdomen in women. The
testes are held by the scrotum in men and are responsible for producing the male sex hormone.
One of the most important glands in the endocrine system is the Pituitary gland.
The pituitary gland produces hormones that control the other glands in the system as well as key
body functions such as metabolism. It is located at the base of the brain, is only about the size of a
single pea. It is known as the " master control

Thyroid Hormones : A Gland Associated With The Endocrine...
Hira Rehman
Professor Dr. Joseph Esdin
BIOL 202
February 1, 2016
Hyperthyroidism
The thyroid is a gland associated with the endocrine system of the body. It is located on the neck
near the front of the wind pipe. It contains of two lobes called the right and the left thyroid lobes
connected with a middle part that gives it a butterfly shape. The gland is brownish–red in color and
is rich with blood vessels. The nerves that are very important for the voice quality also pass through
the thyroid. The thyroid glands use the iodine in the food to produce the thyroid hormones.
Breathing, brain development, skin dryness, heart and nervous system functions, cholesterol levels,
body temperature, menstrual cycles and
Thyroid hormones affect metabolism, brain development, breathing, and heart and muscle strength.
It regulates the growth, temperature, metabolism of the body and cellular activity. It makes sure that
the organs are working properly. Thyroid hormones consist of two significant hormones called T4
and T3 hormones. Among the two, T3 is more powerful. T4 turns into T3 by the time it flows into
the bloodstream.
Hyperthyroidism is the process of releasing excessive amount of thyroid hormones in the blood
stream. Thyrotoxicosis is another word that is commonly used for this phenomenon. Thyrotoxicosis
is caused by the over production or intake of thyroid gland. Hyperthyroidism can speed up several
processes in the body. It can result in high heart rate, weight loss, nervousness,

Pancreas Research Paper
The endocrine system, along with the nervous system, functions in the arrangement of the bodies
activities. The nervous system undertakes electrical inclination and neurotransmitters to cause
muscle contraction. The endocrine system operates through chemical messages called hormones.
Hormones can influence development, growth and metabolic movements. The pancreas is a gland
that is found in between the abdomen, stomach and the spine. The liver, intestine, and other organs
surround the pancreas. The pancreas is about 6 inches long. The biggest part of the pancreas is the
head, the middle section is the body, and the thinnest part is the tail. The pancreas is an organ in the
upper abdomen. Functioning as an exocrine gland. The pancreas excretes enzymes to break down
the ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Blood glucose levels must be looked after within certain limits so that there is an amount of glucose
to feed the body cells in our bodies but not a lot so that it can damage the kidneys and other organs.
The pancreas produces two antagonistic hormones to control blood sugar: glucagon and insulin.
Diabetes is a deficiency of the hormone insulin or the blockage of its process with the cells. Insulin
is like a platform between the glucose and the cells. It is the approximately the seventh most current
reason for the cause of deaths. There are two main types of diabetes.
The first diabetes is insulin–dependent diabetes mellitus (IDDM). Insulin–dependent diabetes
mellitus is where either the body doesn't produce diabetes at all or produces very small supplies of
it. Since the human body cant change the glucose energy, it is then broken down into fat and then
stored as energy. The stored energy also increases the amounts of. The effects of it usually show
results in teenagers who are under the age of twenty. If insulin–dependent diabetes mellitus is left
untreated it can affect the metabolism of

Endocrine Gland Research Paper
There are many factors that work harmoniously to keep the body working correctly, various
endocrine glands (glands that secrete things inside the body) work in time with each other, the brain,
and organs, to maintain balance in the body. These endocrine glands secrete a large variety of
hormones that travel throughout the body to distribute their specific chemicals for the necessary
reactions. One endocrine gland that is incredibly important in the body is the adrenal gland, as it is
essentially responsible for the 'fight or flight' response by secreting Epinephrine, Norepinephrine,
and maintaining bodily homeostasis by secreting Aldosterone and Cortisol, although Cortisol also
contributes to the stress response. However there is a lot of minuscule ... Show more content on
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As it's responsible for balancing the water balance, and therefore the secretion and re–absorption of
Sodium and Potassium in the renal tubules, Aldosterone binds onto mineralcorticoids receptors and
this complex moves to the nucleus, which then results in specific mRNA being synthesized and
increases or inhibits specific proteins necessary to balance the water levels in the body (Feher 2012).
Cortisol is also quite specific in it's actions , for example, it works to increase blood glucose, and
therefore strongly targets the liver, muscles, and fat, to metabolize necessary glucose storage's
(Nussey & Whitehead 2001). Cortisol travels through the bloodstream while binded to Cortisol
Binding Protein and diffuse across the outer membrane of the target cells as it's lipid soluble
(Jameson & Groot 2015), and binds to specific receptors, otherwise known as glucocorticoid
receptors, in the cytoplasm which are already associated with heat shock proteins; as the cortisol
attaches to the receptor, the heat shock protein is released (Nussey & Whitehead 2001). This
receptor complex is then transported into the nucleus using energy, and cortisol then attaches to
Glucocorticoid Response Elements in the DNA helix, which initiates RNA synthesis for the specific
proteins needed to carry out each specific response (Nussey & Whitehead 2001). Due to the similar
receptor

Functional Anatomy Of The Endocrine Glands
R E V I E W S H E E T
EXERCISE 27
Functional Anatomy of the Endocrine Glands
Gross Anatomy and Basic Function of the Endocrine Glands
1. Both the endocrine and nervous systems are major regulating systems of the body; however, the
nervous system has been compared to an airmail delivery system and the endocrine system to the
pony express. Briefly explain this comparison.
The nervous system is a lot more fast acting and more rapid action occurs when compaired to the
endocrine and the slow path through the blood stream to create a reation.
2. Define hormone. it is a chemical put off by the body that serves as a message to make a
compensation
of certain chemicals levels.
3. Chemically, hormones belong chiefly to two molecular ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net
...
estrogens
c b c
4. insulin 5. norepinephrine 6. parathyroid hormone
b a b
7. T4 /T3 8. testosterone 9. TSH, FSH
11. Name the hormone(s) produced in inadequate amounts that directly result in the following
conditions. (Use your textbook as necessary.)
PTH ADH insulin GH ADH
1. 2. 3. 4. 5.

tetany excessive diuresis without high blood glucose levels loss of glucose in the urine abnormally
small stature, normal proportions low BMR, mental and physical

Essay On Hypothyroidism
Hypothyroidism is a disease where the thyroid does not make the accurate amount of hormones. If a
person has Hypothyroidism they might encounter constipated, fatigue, weight gain, thinning hair,
skin dryness, and or hoarseness of the voice. Peripheral neuropathy might occur after a constant
untreated Hypothyroidism. The relationship is not really clear. Hypothyroidism can cause edema.
MacKay–sims and Beard think Peripheral neuropathy may be a cause of olfactory disorders.
Thyroxine is necessary for normal development of the Nervous System including the make of new
olfactory receptor neuron. Hypothyroidism ruins the growth of the olfactory epithelium. Olfactory
disorders are commonly caused by upper respiratory tract infections. It is unclear rather subjectively
smell and taste is from primary hypothyroidism because a person has to special equipment. So, they
decided to focus objectively focus on the relationship between the influence of hypothyroidism and
... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
The first group was from ages 24 to 66 years old without hypothyroidism or any smelling problems.
The second group was comprised of people ages 21 to 71 with hypothyroidism. All subjects went
through a subjective smell awareness test that included mint and anise and objective olfactory test.
In each subject symptoms of hypothyroidism were tested. The results were average of 85% of the
cases. Furthermore the differences were in the objective test. MacKay–sims and Beard last thoughts
was reportedly of cortex's ability to irritate of olfactory nerves gives chances for use in clinical
practice. My opinion of this article is that I could assume that hypothyroidism would affect the smell
simply because a large cartilage of the throat is the thyroid gland and it is all works together. I felt
this would be an interesting article to read because my god mom has

Compare And Contrast Neurotransmitters And Hormones
A neurotransmitter is a chemical messenger that travels across the synapse between a neuron and
another neuron, muscle fiber, or gland. Hormone is a chemical messenger of the endocrine system
that is released by a gland or organ and travels through the blood. Neurotransmitter and hormone
both compare because they both are chemical messenger, both chemicals are released from vessels
into the surrounding fluid by similar mechanisms. They both work by binding to receptors on target
cells. Neurotransmitter and hormones are very important systems, which regulate the various
activities of the body, and are dependent on the release of special chemicals. Furthermore, the
tissues in the Central Nervous System produce some hormones, as well as the neurotransmitters.
What sets neurotransmitter and hormone apart? Neurotransmitters belong to the nervous system,
however hormones belong to the endocrine system. Hormones and neurotransmitters are engendered
differently; hormones are engendered by endocrine glands while neurotransmitters are engendered
by neurons. The transmission of neurotransmitters is across the synaptic cleft, whereas that of
hormones is by blood. Hormones are able to regulate their target organs, whereas neurotransmitters
are able to stimulate the postsynaptic membranes. The action of neurotransmitters is extremely fast,
which could be up to a few milliseconds. In contrast, effect of hormones could be lost for a long
period, which could be in the range of few seconds to a few days. ... Show more content on
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J., Ankney, J., & Lee, K. T.

Homeostasis Research Papers
Homeostasis
Miguel Najera
Biology 100
June 15th 2015
Professor Chapman
What is Homeostasis? According to Study.com, Homeostasis is a process of how our bodies keep a
well–balanced internal condition. In addition to, Homeostasis occurs for anything that we do. This
includes, eating working, exercising and other activities. Homeostasis is important because it
maintains our bodies well and makes adjustments when needed. Without Homeostasis, our bodies
would not function properly. If we did not have Homeostasis, we would get diseases and get ill. In
reference to Brighthub.com, Homeostasis is maintained throughout the body followed by organ
systems. The organ systems work together to make sure that the body is working properly known as
Homeostasis. Homeostasis is controlled by the Endocrine and Nervous Systems. According to Live
Science, The Endocrine System produces hormones that regulate things like growth, reproduction
and other related things. The Endocrine System consists of the pituitary, thyroid, parathyroid,
adrenal glands and pancreas. According to Live Science, the Nervous System is a mixture of nerves
... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
What is Homeostasis? Definition, Examples & Quiz [Internet]. Study.com; [ cited 2015 June 14] .
Available from: http://study.com/academy/lesson/what–is–homeostasis–definition–examples–
quiz.html
2. Oza Nick . The Importance of Homeostasis in the Human Body: Keeping Us Alive [Internet].
Bright Hub Inc. ; [2014 October 4, cited 2015 June 15] . Available from:
http://www.brighthub.com/science/medical/articles/111342.aspx
3. Endocrine System: Facts, Functions and Diseases [Internet]. LiveScience; [2014 November 20,
cited 2015 June 15] Available from: http://www.livescience.com/26496–endocrine–system.html
4. Zimmermann Ann Kim Nervous System: Facts, Function & Diseases [Internet]. Live Science ;
[2015 Janurary 16, cited 2015 June 15] . Available from:

Pituitary Gland: A Great Pal
The Pituitary Gland: A GreaT PAL The Pituitary is crucial as it regulates the function of many
endocrine glands, including the thyroid gland, adrenal glands, ovaries, and testes. Additionally, it
regulates homeostasis and promotes the release of many essential hormones.
The Pituitary releases hormones that promote the production of other endocrine hormones. These
hormones are Growth hormone, TSH, Prolactin, ACTH, LH, and FSH. Prolactin is released three to
four days after a woman gives birth and regulates the level of milk in the breasts. Another essential
hormone released by the pituitary is the growth hormone, which has many roles. These functions
include controlling childhood growth, cell reproduction, and maintaining muscle and bone mass

Pros And Cons Of Human Growth Hormone
Human growth hormone (HGH) levels decline as we age. This may be contribute to some of the
changes we experience with aging such as a reduction in muscle mass, strength and stamina. When
older individuals are given HGH they may experience benefits, including an increase in muscle
mass, a reduction in body fat, improved strength and increased resting energy metabolism.
Production of human growth hormone (HGH) production slows as we age, but it's possible to still
reap the benefits of this crucial substance.
The billion–dollar question is whether the administration of human growth hormone to older people
with low growth hormone, or all people, makes a difference to the aging process. Even the elderly
who have normal growth hormone levels still get old.
In 1990 a landmark study was published in the New England Journal of Medicine. It showed
remarkable improvement in a dozen elderly men who were injected with ... Show more content on
Helpwriting.net ...
The good news is that muscle increased and fat decreased, as would be expected with three exercise
sessions a week. Therefore, buying HGH may have some clearly positive effects, and adults who
have lower levels of natural production than the normal population may benefit
WHAT ARE THE PROS OF HGH?
1.1. HGH is a protein that is created by your pituitary organ. It ascends as a youngster, spikes amid
your pre–adulthood and tapers off as you get older. The hormone triggers growth and physical
advancement. Likewise HGH levels rise and fall amid your day around times of activity, damage
and rest.
2. We realize that HGH has several effects on the body. In your young life it animates bone and
ligament improvement. In everybody however, it advances protein generation, raises your glucose,
moderates the action of insulin, and invigorates the utilization of

Hormones Involved In The Endocrine System
The endocrine system is the body system that deals with hormones and controls the body's daily
activities by producing specific chemicals. The endocrine system is also in charge of making sure
that the body's functions are coordinated and working properly. An example of this would be having
the same body temperature at all times and falling asleep and waking up. Hormones play a major
part in the endocrine system. Hormones are the chemical product of an endocrine gland. There are
different hormones that have different jobs. Certain hormones can turn on, turn off, speed up, or
slow down the activities that different organs and tissues take part in. Other hormones can regulate
metabolism, growth, mood, and organ function. All of the organs involved in this body system work
together but are located in different ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
The major organs involved in the endocrine system are glands. A gland is an organ that can produce
as well as release chemicals. With this body system, endocrine glands make and distribute the
chemicals into the bloodstream. There are multiple types of glands that have specific jobs involving
the endocrine system. These endocrine glands are: the hypothalamus, pituitary, thyroid, parathyroid,
adrenal, thymus, pancreas, and finally ovaries in females and testes in males. Together, these glands
make up more than 30 types of hormones. Each gland has its own job in the body. The
hypothalamus, located in the brain, links the nervous system and the endocrine system. It also
controls the pituitary gland. The pituitary gland is also located in the brain and it receives
information from the hypothalamus about the body. This gland controls other endocrine glands and
regulates growth, blood pressure, and water balance. The thyroid gland controls the release of
energy from food molecules inside cells. The parathyroid controls and regulates the amount of
calcium in the blood. The adrenal gland

Changes In The Endocrine System
The endocrine system is made up of organs and tissues that produce hormones. Hormones are
natural chemicals produced in one place, secreted into the bloodstream and then used by other
organs and target systems. Hormones control the target organs. Some organic systems have their
own internal control systems in place of the hormones or together with them.
As we get older, natural changes occur in the way in which body systems are controlled. Some
target tissues become less sensitive to the hormone that controls them. The amount of hormones
produced can also change. The blood levels of some hormones increase, those of others decrease
and those of some others remain unchanged. Hormones also break down (metabolize) more slowly.
Many of the organs that produce hormones are controlled by other hormones. ... Show more content
on Helpwriting.net ...
This region produces hormones that control other structures in the endocrine system. The amount of
these regulatory hormones remains almost the same, but the response from the endocrine organs can
change as we get older. The pituitary gland is also located in the brain. This gland reaches its
maximum size when people reach middle age and then gradually becomes smaller.
The thyroid gland is located in the neck. This gland produces the hormones that help control the
metabolism. With age, said gland can become protruding (nodular). The metabolism decreases with
time, beginning around 20 years of age. Because thyroid hormones are produced and broken down
(metabolized) at the same rate, tests of thyroid function are usually still normal. In some people
thyroid hormone levels may rise, leading to an increased risk of dying from cardiovascular disease.
The parathyroid are four small glands located around the thyroid. Parathyroid hormone affects
calcium and phosphate levels, which affect bone strength. The levels of parathyroid hormones rise
with age, which can contribute to

The Endocrine System Is Made Up Of Cells And Glands That
The endocrine system is made up of cells and glands that make hormones and release them into the
blood. These hormones help to regulate reproduction, sleep, metabolism, cell growth, and
development. The word endocrine is a derivative from two Greek words: "endo", which means
within or inside, and "krinis", which is a verb for secrete. In the endocrine system, there are different
glands that each excrete different hormones. All of these glands are ductless, and secrete their
hormones straight into the blood stream. Some of these glands are the pineal gland, the thyroid and
parathyroid glands, the pancreas, and the thymus. These glands are located in various parts of the
body. This systems works with other systems to maintain ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net
...
The pituitary gland is also known as the master gland, as its hormones control other glands. It
produces growth hormone, which helps the body grow its tissue and bone, and also helps with
taking care of the body's nutrients, prolactin, which is a milk–producing hormone in females,
thyrotropin, which sends signals to the thyroid to produce hormones, and corticotropin, which also
sends signals to produce hormones, but to the adrenal gland. The hypothalamus produces anti–
diuretic hormone, which raises up the water absorption in the blood in the kidneys, oxytocin, which
aids in the contraction of uterine smooth muscles and contraction of mammary gland cells, or
lactation. The pineal gland produces one hormone, called melatonin. This hormone is dedicated to
sense light. The islet cells in the pancreas are shared by both the digestive system and endocrine
system. The pancreas produces insulin, which helps the body to use and absorb glucose, and
glucagon, which help the other hormone, insulin, to keep a normal blood glucose level. The kidneys
are both included in the urinary system and the endocrine system. On top of the kidneys are the
adrenal glands, which produce the hormones hydrocortisone and corticosterone. Hydrocortisone
keeps track of how the fats, carbohydrates, and protein turn into energy for the body. Corticosterone
works with the other hormone, hydrocortisone to maintain immune system responses. The
reproductive system and

Epinephrine Research Paper
The adrenal glands are an important part of our endocrine system. They secrete many vital
hormones. There is two parts to the adrenals, a cortex and a medulla. The adrenal medulla secretes
epinephrine, norepinephrine and dopamine. Epinephrine is about eighty–percent of the activity,
norepinephrine is about twenty–percent and dopamine only takes up a small amount. Epinephrine is
also known as adrenaline and is involved in the fight or flight response. When a threat or stress is
perceived, a signal is sent to the brain. The brain then sends nerve impulses to the adrenal medulla.
When the nerve impulses reach the medulla, the chromaffin cells release epinephrine. Epinephrine is
then released directly into the blood stream and is carried around the body to cells in the liver, skin,
heart and lungs where it initiates several responses in order to help us survive whatever situation we
are in. When these ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
The tumor present on the adrenal gland causes hyper–activity of the medulla, causing it to produce
an excess of epinephrine, norepinephrine and dopamine. While it is most commonly a benign tumor,
about ten percent of cases are malignant. When the tumor is malignant it most often spreads to the
lymph system, bones, liver and lungs. Pheochromocytoma can occur in any age but, it is more
common for it to occur in the third to fifth decades of life. Only about ten percent of cases occur in
children. Gender and race does not matter, however it is found to be less diagnosed in African
Americans. The majority of the tumors that are found are intra–adrenal pheochromocytomas, which
means the tumor is present in the adrenal glands. However it is possible to develop a tumor
anywhere there is chromaffin tissue. If the tumor is outside of the adrenal, it is termed an extra–
adrenal pheochromocytoma or paraganglioma. Paragangliomas have a greater chance of being

Human Growth Hormone : The Picture Of Dorian Gray
Human growth hormone | Who wants to live forever? | HGH for sale, HGH supplements, HGH pills,
HGH for men, HGH for women, buy HGH 2017 at www.hghworld.us
People have been searching for the eternal life forever, but the researchers agree: It does not exist.
Nevertheless, many desperately try to fight against old age. Last new weapon is called human
growth hormone – or just HGH (human growth hormone).
The dream of eternal youth is reserved for the gods, but we humans have always sought immortality.
Like Dorian in Oscar Wildes 'The Picture of Dorian Gray ', giving her soul in exchange for eternal
youth and beauty. Or Orlando in Virginia Wolf 's novel of the same name, after order from Elizabeth
I decides never to grow old and live for ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
But at some point even the most skilled plastic surgeons must throw the scalpel in the ring and let
nature take over and what do you do?
In the American magazine Vanity Fair, one could recently read a story about the latest in discipline
to cheat death.
For up to $ 10,000 a year, clinics can be treated with human growth hormone – human growth
hormone or just HGH (human growth hormone) – either manually or with the help of doctors
injecting into the body.
The result should be unbelievable according to users: marked abs, less wrinkles, greater sex drive
and much more energy.
HGH (human growth hormone) – or just H, as the substance is called on street level – according to
Vanity Fair, has begun to circulate among the A–list celebrities in Los Angeles. Especially among
those who approach or just passed the 50 years.
"More than 50–year–old actors who still have marked abdominal muscles and visible veins on the
upper arms are undoubtedly HGH (human growth hormone)," says an anonymous movie agent, who
allegedly represents at least one of the major Hollywood stars.
Another notability in the City of England, the former model and actor, Alana Stewart, dares to

showcase his use of HGH (human growth hormone). On her birth certificate, 1945 – in the
Hollywood context, the Middle Ages and not

Persuasive Essay On Thyroid Testing
Thyroid: Advanced Testing
In a normally functioning body, Thyroxine (T4) and Triiodothyronine (T3) are hormones produced
by the thyroid gland. They help control the rate at which the body uses energy and are regulated by a
feedback system. Thyrotropin or Thyroid–Stimulating Hormone (TSH) from the pituitary gland
stimulates the production and release of T4 (primarily) and T3 by the thyroid. Most of the T4 and T3
circulates, bound to protein, in the blood. A small percentage is free (not bound).
According to the New York Times, "Thyroid disorders...are among the most undiagnosed and
misdiagnosed problems in the United States. Doctors generally don't examine the thyroid. Disorders
come on slowly, and the symptoms can be ambiguous." Although the test itself is easily incorporated
into a routine blood panel, many doctors choose not to pursue testing and this is a distinct problem,
especially given the number of people suffering from thyroid disorders.
Although, the test may be routine in nature. The testing itself relies upon a number of advanced
techniques. What follows is a general review of the most common forms of thyroid testing. For
more specifics, please visit the American Thyroid Association. ... Show more content on
Helpwriting.net ...
A high TSH level suggests that the thyroid gland is failing because of a problem that is directly
affecting the thyroid; this is called primary hypothyroidism. The opposite, in which the TSH level is
low, usually indicates that the person has an overactive thyroid; this is called hyperthyroidism.
Occasionally, a low TSH may result from an abnormality in the pituitary gland, which prevents it
from making enough TSH to stimulate the thyroid; this is known as secondary hypothyroidism. In
most healthy individuals, a normal TSH value means that the thyroid is functioning

Why Do Old Bodies Change For Better Rather Than Worse?
Older Bodies Change With Age, HGH Creates Change for Better Rather Than Worse.
As we age our bodies get older and with that usually comes more brittle bones, less energy, worse
cognitive function, and sometimes uncomfortable sleeping patterns.
Hundreds of prominent clinics have popped up over the past hundred years. With technological and
medical studies increasing they are able to now provide HGH, human growth hormone to many
elderly people looking for a fountain of youth.
With some of the most careful and largest studies for human growth hormone in older people,
researchers are finding that it can significantly transform older individual's bodies for the better.
The potent effects are making it clear that HGH really could be the new fountain of ... Show more
content on Helpwriting.net ...
As one gets older growth hormone levels starts to deplete. By age 59 one can already have half of
what they had at 30. For men, testosterone decreases as well while women's estrogen levels greatly
diminish after menopause. Hormone deficiencies, in particular, a lack of growth hormone, can be
linked to loss of enthusiasm and energy, increased body fat, decreasing muscles, and brittle bones.
People who have depleting growth hormones usually have all these symptoms and signs of aging.
This is being reversed when one takes HGH.
The striking results from these studies have shown that men who took growth hormone gained an
average of 7 pounds of body mass that is lean while losing corresponding amounts of fat. It even
showed an increase in clear cognitive function and endurance. Women who took growth hormone
under these studies gained a couple pounds of lean body mass and loss 5 pounds of unnecessary fat.
They also saw results of tightening skin and a more youthful appearance. For both women and men,
growth hormones appeared to be the major factor of significant change in the body's

Brief Summary of the Endocrine System
The field of study dealing with the endocrine system and its disorders is endocrinology, a branch of
internal medicine. The endocrine system is an umbrella term used to describe the complexity of
different types of endocrine glands which are responsible to help the body carry out many of its
functions. This system regulates our mood, growth, metabolism, tissue development, sexual
functions and reproductive process. The endocrine system is made of a series of glands that produce
chemicals called hormones. Like many medical terms, it originates from the Greek words "endo"
meaning inside, within, and "crinis" for secrete. The endocrine system is an information signal
system similar to the nervous system, yet its effects and ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
These hormones play vital roles in regulating metabolism, body heat production and bone
growth.
Pancreas
Pancreas is the endocrine gland that is situated in the abdominal region, behind the stomach.
One of the major pancreas function is maintaining appropriate levels of sugar throughout the
body. The hormones which get secreted into the blood stream by these glands serve to
control proper

What Is The Endocrine System
The Nervous system is composed of trillions of neurons/nerve cells that forms a network to serve as
communication system for the body. The neurons are able to send electrical impulses from the brain
to the body and vice versa, which leads to a response from a person via a coordinated action.
The Endocrine system is a system which is composed of several glands found throughout the body,
where its role is vital for the communication in the body. The function of this system is for the
production and release of chemical messengers (hormones) from these gland into the bloodstream.
This direct release of the hormones into the blood will allow the hormones to be carried towards the
target organ that they are intended to go to. The following are examples of glands that are part of the
endocrine system: Hypothalamus, Pituitary gland, Thyroid gland, Pancreas, Adrenal glands.
However the two systems mentioned above are not directly connected with one another, but instead
they interact in various ways in order to achieve the same goal. ... Show more content on
Helpwriting.net ...
The two systems are able to interact, as a result of the gland capable of affecting both systems.
When a person is experiencing numerous feelings/sensations that include pain, hunger, fear, thirst,
anger and the need for sleep, then the hypothalamus acknowledges this. Once this has happened, the
gland communicates with the autonomic nervous system which is a sub–system of the peripheral
nervous system (PNS). The autonomic system is involuntary, therefore the changes that need to be
made are done so without the need for the person to do much since it occurs unconsciously within
the

Hashimoto's Thyroiditis Case Study
Hashimoto's thyroiditis is an autoimmune disease in which the body attacks and destroys cells of the
thyroid gland and is the most common thyroid disorder in the United States for those over 6 years
old. The main risk factors are having another autoimmune disorder or a relative with the disorder.
The peak age of onset for women is between 30 and 50 years old, but for men is about 10–15 years
late. Women are 10–15 times more likely than men to suffer from Hashimoto's and it has no
prevention and no cure. Fortunately, diagnosis is a simple blood test and clinical evaluation and
treatment requires only an inexpensive synthetic thyroxine (T4) thyroid hormone.
While the symptoms of Hashimoto's may be noticeable, is not always easy to recognize as a disease
so diagnosis and treatment are often delayed by years. Why is that? The early symptoms are fatigue,
weight gain, constipation, and dry skin. As it progresses, additional symptoms include depression,
mental fogginess, memory loss, joint pain, peripheral neuropathy, cold intolerance, and muscle
cramps. A goiter, a lump in the neck from an enlarged thyroid, may or may not be present and
visible (even a doctor may miss it during an exam). A patient may have hair loss and ... Show more
content on Helpwriting.net ...
For young women this may be the inability to get pregnant. It is this infertility which often leads to
the diagnosis as a couple tries to understand why they have not conceived. With treatment,
pregnancy and healthy delivery are possible. Many older women suffer secondary infertility in
which they are unable to conceive after a successful pregnancy or they suffer miscarriages. For this
population, the symptoms and complications are difficult to recognize as being separate. Women
think," I'm depressed because I miscarried; or, I miscarried because I'm too old and/or overweight to
have a

Why People Use Human Growth Hormone
If a person is confused about using human growth hormone (HGH), there are very good reasons
why they feel this way. There is a lot of information out there, but there are mixed messages on
whether HGH is good or bad for you. On the one hand some people need HGH for valid medical
reasons. On the other hand, some people use HGH in a manner similar to steroids. In the end, the
decision to use HGH is a personal one, and before a person uses HGH they need to know what HGH
is, why people take HGH, and the advantages and disadvantages of using HGH.
First, before a person decides to take HGH, they need to know what HGH is. Human growth
hormone, or HGH, is a protein made in the pituitary gland and is responsible for regulating growth,
metabolism, and body fluids. HGH is generally produced a lot as children are growing, and ... Show
more content on Helpwriting.net ...
People use HGH for both medical, cosmetic, and athletic performance purposes. Firstly, HGH is
used medically when people they need more HGH because they are sick so they take it to have more
muscle mass. Second HGH is used for cosmetic reasons because people want to look beautiful so
they take HGH to lose weight and think that they are more beautiful on the outside. Thirdly, athletes
use HGH to improve on their game and be the number one athlete without a lot of hard work and
easly win. Although most adults may have a valid reason to use HGH, some teenagers, both male
and female, are starting to use synthetic HGH without a prescription. The male teens are using HGH
because they want to perform better in their sport and are trying to get an advantage over their
competition. Female teens, however, are using HGH to look thinner because they feel being thin
makes them look more beautiful and youthful. With both male and female teens, peer pressure is a
great factor in why they are using synthetic HGH, thus they need to be aware of the advantages and
disadvantages of using synthetic

Tropic Hormone Essay
examples.
The tropic hormone stimulates an endocrine gland to grow and secrete it's hormones. They are
secreted by the adenohypophysis (anterior pituitary gland) (Taylor, 2016). Examples are FSH–
follicle stimulating hormones which help the female ovaries to mature and to ovulate.
Adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH) stimulates the adrenal cortex and secretes cortisol (Taylor,
2016).
Compare the intercellular (cell to cell) communications of the endocrine and nervous systems Which
is the most effective and why? Please explain by providing specific examples to support your
choice.
The nervous system and endocrine systems both work to maintain a constant internal environment,
while also being able to respond and adapt to external events (Boundless, 2016).
By sending electrical action potentials along neurons, the nervous system responds fast to stimuli.
Then transmits these actions to their targets using neurotransmitters, the chemical of the nervous
nervous system reacts rapidly to stimuli by ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
The nervous system reacts quickly to stimuli by sending electrical action potential to stimuli by the
nervous system is near instantaneous but the effects are normally short lived. An example is the the
recoil mechanism of an arm when touching something hot (Boundless, 2016). The endocrine system
depends on hormones to obtain responses from target calls. These hormones are produced in
specialized glands at a distance from the target, hormones can influence cellular responses at a
protein or genetic level. This process takes quite a while longer then that of the nervous system.
Endocrine hormones must first be synthesized, then transported to their target cells and either enters
or signals the cell. Since these hormones act much slower their effects are usually longer lasting . An
example is the growth hormone that is secreted by pituitary gland. The pituitary gland is responsible
growth during

Anatomy And Physiology Of The Thyroid Gland
Hypothyroidism is one of the top diseases that goes unnoticed. Not many people know the affects
the thyroid gland can have on the body, and how the thyroid gland has a part in regulating the many
different systems. This paper will explain the anatomy and physiology of the thyroid gland, the
description, sign and symptoms, causes and risk factors, the diagnosis of the disease, and the
possible treatment plans for the disease. The thyroid gland, which is the largest endocrine gland in
adults, is a butterfly–shaped gland with two lobes that lie adjacent to the trachea just below the
larynx. The thyroid function runs on hormone regulation, keeping the positive and negative
feedback loop running correctly. The hypothalamus, responsible for most of the hormones in the
body, secretes the thyrotropin–releasing hormone (TRH), which induces the anterior pituitary to
secrete prolactin (PRL) and the thyroid stimulating hormone (TSH) that stimulates the thyroid to
release thyroid hormone (TH). TSH stimulates the growth of the thyroid gland, and TH exerts
metabolic effects. If the TH secretion drops in a healthy thyroid, TSH secretion rises and will
stimulate the thyroid to push out more hormones. If the TSH is too high, the hormone somatostatin
will inhibit the secretion of TSH and the growth hormone (GH). Hypothyroidism is the disease that
causes the thyroid to be underactive and cannot make enough TH for the body to function normally.
The body's metabolic effects rely on the

Cushing's Syndrome Research Paper
Cushing's syndrome
In this report I will be discussing the Endocrine System, and Cushing's syndrome, a disease that
targets this system. The endocrine system works together with the nervous system to maintain the
body's homeostasis. Although both the nervous system and endocrine system do both help in
maintaining the body's homeostasis the endocrine system responds much slower but its effects last
for longer periods of time. The slow response of the endocrine system is due to the utilizing of
chemical messengers known as hormones that are transported through the bloodstream. These
hormones function by binding to specific receptor sites on target cells, the activation of these target
cells depends on 3 important factors. The first of these factors ... Show more content on
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The byproducts of the fat and protein breakdown also explains the individual's humps and increase
of fat. Hirsutism also known as abnormal facial/body hair growth (commonly in women) is due to
an increase in androgens (testosterone) which promotes these male characteristics commonly in
female patients. The high blood pressure result from over secretions of mineralocorticoids
(aldosterone) which results in high absorption of sodium and water resulting in high blood pressure
as well as high blood volume commonly associated with edema and hypertension. High blood
glucose levels are due to the increase of glucocorticoids (cortisol) that fails to properly balance out
the effects of

Insulin And Thyroid Research Paper
Insulin, Thyroid & FSH
The underproduction of 'Insulin'
Type 1 diabetes is an autoimmune condition. Your immune system attacks healthy body tissue by
mistake. In this instance, it means it attacks the cells in your pancreas. Because it constantly attacks
your pancreas, it inevitably becomes damaged which means that it cannot produce insulin. This then
means that glucose cannot be transferred into your bloodstream and into your cells.
There are many complications which accompany diabetes and these can include long–term health
problems which can be very serious. Blindness and vision loss are one of the affects it has on the
body; along with kidney failure and lower limb amputation. In addition, people are 5 times more
likely to have cardiovascular ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
It is only performed occasionally where part or all of your thyroid may be removed. People are only
referred for this type of treatment if:
 The thyroid gland is severely swollen
 Severe eye problems which are a resultant of an overactive thyroid
 Other options are not viable
 Symptoms come back after a different method of treatment
The entire removal of the gland is typically recommended as it completely cures the overactive
thyroid and means there are no chances of the symptoms coming back. Although, when the removal
occurs, medication will need to be taken to make up for not having a thyroid.
The over production of the 'FSH [Follicle–Stimulating Hormone]'
In women, FSH helps control the menstrual cycle and the production of eggs by their ovaries. The
amount varies throughout a women's menstrual cycle and is at its highest just before she ovulates.
When FSH is produced in high quantities, it can mean that women have lost their ovarian function
before 40 or the menopause has

Case Study
Chemical Eric: Dealing with the Disintegration of Central Control by Eric Ribbens Department of
Biological Sciences Western Illinois University Part I–At Fifteen... He was, his mother always said,
the cutest little boy ever, and she had always adored him. So strong, so sturdy, confidently charging
through life. At , he joined a Little League baseball team, and made the AllStar team in his first
year. It wasn't until quite some time later that she realized something was very wrong. Looking
back, probably the first symptom appeared when he was . Promoted up to the next division in
Little League, he mostly sat on the bench. His coordination was not as good, and he seemed to have
lost his hustle. Of course, it was probably just ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
It had never occurred to Dr. Kidd to discuss it before, but normally patients with these syndromes
were sterile, and Eric had little body hair and had told him he never shaved. What should Dr. Kidd
do? Questions . Should Dr. Kidd tell Eric that he is probably sterile? Why would he be sterile? .
Is there anything that they could try to do to stimulate spermatogenesis? Why is the absence of facial
hair important? "Chemical Eric" by Eric Ribbens Page  Part III–At Twenty–Eight... He was 
now, and growing a beard. They had injected human chorionic gonadotropin (hcg) for two years in
an attempt to produce sperm, but it hadn't worked. He was big, '", and weighed  lbs. His
hands and feet were especially large; he wore X gloves and size  shoes. Eric couldn't wait to
get the wires out of his mouth. His jaw had been hurting, especially the joint on the left side. The
dentist thought he might have tmj (temporal mandibular joint dysfunction), and referred him to a
dental surgeon. The surgeon had expanded his upper jaw by splitting it into five pieces, pulling the
pieces into place, and screwing in small metal plates to hold everything together. The wires were to
let everything heal, and  weeks of a mouth wired shut had been more difficult than he had
thought. However, he was looking forward to getting rid of the frequent headaches. Questions .
Why was he growing facial hair? Hint: hcg acts like fsh and lh, which are pituitary hormones that

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