2. Table of Contents Conditional Irregulares Perfect Tenses Present Past Present Irregulares Subjunctive Perfect- Tan y Tanto Impersonal “sé” Saber vs. Conocer Los Mandatos Informal vs. Formal Affirmative Negative Irregular DOP and IOP placement Nosotros Commands Mono Verbs Subjunctive and Irregulares Trigger Phrases Impersonal Expressions Expressions of Emotion Conjuctions of Time
3. Conditional To express probability, possibility, wonder, or conjecture (an inference) Used: to make polite requests, infer what would happen, past habitual action, conditional probability
5. Perfect Tense: Present Actions that recently or are still true in the present Form: Haber + Past Participle Irregulars Abrir to Abierto Cubrir to Cubierto Decir to Dicho Escribir to Escrito Hacer to Hecho Morir to Muerto Poner to Puesto Resolver to Resvelto Romper to Roto Ver to Vuelto Ir to Ido
6. Perfect Tense: Past Abrir to Abierto Cubrir to Cubierto Decir to Dicho Escribir to Escrito FreÍr to Frito Hacer to Hecho Morir to Muerto Poner to Puesto Resolver to Resuelto Romper to Roto Ver to Visto Volver to Vuelto Formed by using the imperfect tense of the verb “haber” (to make “had”) with the past participle
7. Perfect Tenses: Tan y Tanto Tan Form: Tan +adj./adv. + Como Used when you are comparing things that are the same using adjectives or adverbs Tanto Form: Verb + Tanto + Como Used when you are comparing things that are the same when using nouns
8. Impersonal “se” Use “se” to avoid specifying a person who is doing the action of the verb Se vendefruta en la frutería. When using “se”, the verb is always in the 3rd person AquÍ se habla espanol. “Se” can be used in all tenses Se hizo mucho. Se hara mucho. Se había mucho.
9. Saber vs. Conocer Saber To know facts or how to do something Conocer To know people, places, and literary works PreteriteFom Conocí Conociste Conocio Conocimos Conocieron Preterite Form Supe Supiste Supo Supimos Supieron
10. Informal Tu Commands Afirmativo: Conjugateintotheverbintothe tu formthendropthe “s” fromtheending. Example: Hablar to Habla Negativo Puttheverb in the “yo” form and changetotheoppositevowelending, thenaddan “s” totheend Example: Hablar to No Hables
12. Formal Usted Commands Affirmative Puttheverb in the “yo” formthenchangetotheoppositevowelending Example: Hablar to Hable Negative Puttheverbintothe “yo” form and thenchangetotheoppositevowelending; do notforgetthe “no” beforetheverb Example: Hablar to No Hable
14. Informal/Formal: DOP/IOP Placement Negative DOP and IOP must go before the verb Affirmative DOP and IOP can attach to the end of the verb
15. Nosotros Commands Affirmative/ Negative Puttheverbintothe “yo” form in present tense, thendropthe “o” and addtheopposite nosotros ending Example: Hablar toHeblemos Comer to Comamos Mono Vebs Forreflexiveverbs, dropthe final “s” of thecommandform, thenattachthereflexivepronoun “monos” totheend Exapmle: Levantemos to Levantémonos
16. Subjunctive WEDDING: Wishing/ Wanting, Emotions, Doubt/ disbelief, Impersonal Expressions, Negation, God/ Grief To make the verb Subjunctive: 1. Put it in the “yo” form, and change the vowl, 2. AR endings- “e”, “es”, “e”, “emos”, “éis”, “en”/ ER/IR endings- “a”, “as”, “a”, “amos”, “áis”, “an”
18. Subjunctive: Trigger Phrases PrinicpleClause + Qué + SubordinateClause Theprincipleclause and thesubordinateclause are always in different tenses. Thisisanindicatorthatthesubjunctiveisbeingused Example: Yo necesito qué mis estudiantes hagan la tarea.
20. Subjuntivo: Expressions of Emotion Alegrarse: to be happy Esperar: to hope Soprender: to be surprised Temer: to fear EsTriste: it’s sad Ojala: to be hopeful
21. Subjunctive: Conjunctions of Time Cuando: when En Cuanto: as soon as Hasta que: until Tan pronto como: as soon as A menos que: unless Con tal (de) que: in case En caso de que: in case Para que: so that
