Congreso 'Brecha Digital' Universidad Carlos III de Madrid Madrid, España Noviembre 27, 2009

1. Brecha digital:
Una sumatoria cognitiva
Jesús Lau, Ph.D.
Jlau@uv.mx / www.jesuslau.com
Director, USBI Veracruz y
Coordinador, Biblioteca Virtual UV
Universidad Veracruzana
Veracruz, México
Congreso “Brecha Digital”
Universidad Carlos III de Madrid
Madrid, España
Noviembre 27-28, 2009

2. Factores - Brechas globales
Social
Económica
Politica

3. Factor Social
Social
Valores
Marco Legal
Historia
Religión
Educación
Otros

4. Elemento Educativo
Educación
Conocimientos
Habilidades y
Competencias
Valores

5. Impacto educativo
Educación
Desarrollo de capacidad
Cognitiva, destrezas y
valores
=

6. Cognición – cognocere – conocer
Facultad de los seres humanos de
procesar información a partir de la
percepción, el conocimiento adquirido y
caracteristicas subjetivas que permiten
valorar y considerar ciertos aspectos en
detrimento de otros

7. Proceso humano
Mente
Percepción
Razonamiento
Inteligencia
Aprendizaje
Cognición

8. Sinergia cognitiva
AcciónPensamiento

9. Acción - Conocimiento
Habilidades
Destrezas
Competencias
Capacidad
(Capacidad de poner en acción el conocimiento)

10. PIB per cápita
27. España (31,560)
58. México (14,104)
23. Finlandia (34,526)
79. Brasil (9,567)
Expectativa de vida al
nacer
80,7
76
79,5
72,2
Tasa de alfabetización
en adultos
97,9
92,8
90
Índice de Desarrollo Humano 2007
Source: UNDP - http://hdr.undp.org/en/statistics/ (visited during October, 2009)

11. País Población PIB Total de suscriptores de
telefonía
Total Total Total por 100
(M) (B US$) (000s) habitantes
2008 2007 2008 2008
España 44,49 1'438.15 69'877.8 157,08
México 108,56 1'022.81 95'971.2 88,41
Finlandia 5,3 209,61 8'480.0 159,87
Brasil 191,97 1'334.12 191'782.8 99,9
Indicadores
básicos
Source: ITU - http://www.itu.int/ITU-
D/icteye/Reporting/ShowReportFrame.aspx?
ReportName=/WTI/BasicIndicatorsPublic&RP_intYear=2008&RP_intLa
nguageID=1
(visited during October, 2009)

12. Suscriptores de telefonía móvil
por 100 GDP per cápita As % of total
telephone
País (%) habitantes (US$)
2003 - 08 2008 2007 2008
Spain 5,9 111,67 7'017 71,1
Mexico 20,1 69,37 39'828 78,5
Finland 7,5 128,76 9'516 80,5
Brazil 26,6 78,47 32'647 78,5
* Compound Annual Growth Rate
Source: ITU World Telecommunication/ICT Indicators Database - (visited
during October, 2009)
Tasa de Crecimiento
Anual (CAGR*)

13. NUMBER OF RECORDS FROM COUNTRIES WITH AN ISSN
NATIONAL CENTRE
National
Centre
2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008
18876 21309 22576 24382 26303 27851 30338 31826
Mexico 3432 3432 3431 24382 3431 3431 3431 3431
Finland 21837 22809 23330 24382 24410 25099 25616 26547
Brazil 10001 10001 10001 24382 18572 18573 23187 24982
Source: ISSN - www.issn.org (visited during october, 2009)

14. Patent grants by country of origin and patent office (2007)
Source: WIPO Statistics Database, June 2009
Note: Counts are based on the grant date. Country of origin is the
residence of the first-named applicant (or assignee).
Country_of_Origin 2007
Spain Total 3779
Mexico Total 309
Finland Total 4555
Brazil Total 319

15. 7,7
15,3
28,4
35,1
0,0
5,0
10,0
15,0
20,0
25,0
30,0
35,0
40,0
Brazil Mexico Spain Finland
Tertiary attainment for age group 25-64
As a percentage of the population of that age group
Source: OECD Factbook 2009: Economic,
Environmental and Social Statistics - ISBN 92-64-
05604-1 - © OECD 2009
Education - Outcomes - Tertiary attainment

16. Brazil 118 142 82,93984657
Finland 116 105 109,8960936
Mexico 137 121 113,2572577
Spain 114 93 122,7022417
Change in
expenditure
Change in the number of
students (in full-time equivalent)
Change in expenditure
per student

17. 0
5
10
15
20
25
30
35
Finland Spain Mexico
Share of private expenditure on educational institutions in
tertiary education
Percentage
2000
2005

18. 0,8
0,9
0,2
0,9
0,4
1,7
0,1
0,0
0,2
0,4
0,6
0,8
1,0
1,2
1,4
1,6
1,8
Brazil Spain Mexico Finland
Expenditure on educational institutions in tertiary education
As a percentage of GDP, 2005
Public expenditure Private expenditure
OECD Factbook 2009: Economic, Environmental
and Social Statistics - ISBN 92-64-05604-1 - ©
OECD 2009

27. LATIN AMERICA Population
Internet Users, Latest
Data
% Population User Growth % Users
COUNTRIES /
REGIONS
( Est. 2009 ) ( Penetration ) ( 2000-2009 ) in Table
Argentina 40.913.584 20.000.000 48,90% 700,00% 11,60%
Bolivia 9.775.246 1.000.000 10,20% 733,30% 0,60%
Brazil 198.739.269 67.510.400 34,00% 1250,20% 39,30%
Chile 16.601.707 8.368.719 50,40% 376,20% 4,90%
Colombia 43.677.372 18.234.822 41,70% 1976,90% 10,60%
Costa Rica 4.253.877 1.500.000 35,30% 500,00% 0,90%
Cuba 11.451.652 1.450.000 12,70% 2316,70% 0,80%
Dominican Republic 9.650.054 3.000.000 31,10% 5354,50% 1,70%
Ecuador 14.573.101 1.634.828 11,20% 808,20% 1,00%
El Salvador 7.185.218 763.000 10,60% 1807,50% 0,40%
Guatemala 13.276.517 1.320.000 9,90% 1930,80% 0,80%
Honduras 7.833.696 658.500 8,40% 1.546.3 % 0,40%
Mexico 111.211.789 27.400.000 24,60% 910,20% 15,90%
Nicaragua 5.891.199 155.000 2,60% 210,00% 0,10%
Panama 3.360.474 778.800 23,20% 1630,70% 0,50%
Paraguay 6.995.655 530.300 7,60% 2551,50% 0,30%
Peru 29.546.963 7.636.400 25,80% 205,50% 0,60%
Puerto Rico 3.966.213 1.000.000 25,20% 400,00% 0,60%
Uruguay 3.494.382 1.340.000 38,30% 262,20% 0,80%
Venezuela 26.814.843 7.552.570 28,20% 695,00% 4,40%
TOTAL 569.212.811 171.833.339 30,20% 865,70% 100,00%
Latin American Internet Usage

28. Mexico Internet Usage:
27,400,000 Internet users as of Dec/08, 24.9% of the population, according
to eMarketer
Mexico Population:
109,955,400 population for 2008, according to US Census Bureau.
Latest GNI Estimate:
GNI per capita was US$ 8,340 for 2008, according to the World Bank.
Mexico Country Area:
1,967,328 sq km - Population density: 53 persons per sq km

29. Internet Usage and Population Growth:
YEAR Users Population % Pen. Usage Source
2000 2.712.400 98.991.200 2,70% ITU
2004 14.901.687 102.797.200 14,30% AMIPCI
2005 17.100.000 103.872.328 16,30% AMIPCI
2006 20.200.000 105.149.952 19,20% AMIPCI
2008 27.400.000 109.955.400 24,90% eMarketer
Source: Internet World Stats - www.internetworldstats.com

32. Per thousand employment, full-time
equivalent on R&D
OECD Factbook 2009: Economic,
Environmental and Social Statistics -
ISBN 92-64-05604-1 - © OECD 2009

33. Households with access to a home computer
OECD Factbook 2009: Economic,
Environmental and Social Statistics - ISBN 92-
64-05604-1 - © OECD 2009
As a percentage of all households

34. Producción de libros: Número de títulos
País Total
España** 59,174
México* 6,952
Finlandia¨** 13,173
Brasil* 21,689
* Dato correspondiente a 1998
** Dato correspondiente a 1999
Fuente: UNESCO Institute for Statistics