4. Key Questions
Does integration of educational
technology narrow or widen
socioeconomic gaps?
Is educational technology a tool
of de-colonization or a tool of
re-colonization?
5. 50s & 60s: Gov’ts & NGOs
Top-down
Unidirectional
Radio & TV programs
70s & 80s Individuals & Schools
Bottom up
Brief History Self-reliant
Audio & Video tapes
90s & 00s Everybody (*)
All directions
Interactive
Internet/Cell phones
“Digital divide”
6. Digital Divide
ESTIMATED WORLD TECHNOLOGY USE (CIA Worldbook)
Country Population (2012) Cell Phones (2009) % of Pop Internet Users (2009) % of Pop
China 1,343,239,923 986,253,000 73% 389,000,000 29%
India 1,205,073,612 893,862,000 74% 61,338,000 5%
United States 313,847,465 290,300,000 92% 245,000,000 78%
Nigeria 170,123,740 95,167,000 56% 43,989,000 26%
Brazil 199,321,413 24,435,800 12% 75,982,000 38%
Canada 34,300,083 27,387,000 80% 26,960,000 79%
Afghanistan 30,419,928 17,558,000 58% 1,000,000 3%
Indonesia 248,645,008 249,800,000 100% 20,000,000 8%
Haiti 9,801,664 4,200,000 43% 1,000,000 10%
Somalia 10,085,638 655,000 6% 106,000 0%
8. Equal playing field
Limited financial
resources Limited Teacher
Education
Lack of Local
Content
9. Accessibility
Technical/Infrastructural
Issues
Limited financial
resources Limited Teacher
Education
Lack of Local
Content
10. The answer to the
global education crisis
Or
“technologically Utopian
One Laptop Per development scheme”?
Child Project
11. • Founded in 2004 in America
• Mission: “to provide each child
with a rugged, low-cost, low-power,
connected laptop”
• “The gods must be crazy”
approach
• XO laptop: 209 US$
One Laptop Per
Child Project
12. • First country to equip
100% of primary
students with laptops in
2009
• 395,000 primary students
• Lack of training and
support
• Only 21% of teachers
report using these a
daily or near daily basis
One Laptop Per
Child Project: URUGUAY
13. M-Learning
ESTIMATED WORLD TECHNOLOGY USE (CIA Worldbook)
Country Population (2012) Cell Phones (2009) % of Pop
• Over 6 billion cell • M-learning is the use of cell
China 1,343,239,923 986,253,000 73%
India 1,205,073,612 893,862,000 74%
phone subscriptions phones or other mobile
United States 313,847,465 290,300,000 92%
(in a world of 7 devices for education
Nigeria 170,123,740 95,167,000 56%
Brazil 199,321,413 24,435,800 12%
million). Canada 34,300,083 27,387,000 80%
Afghanistan 30,419,928 17,558,000 58%
Indonesia 248,645,008 249,800,000 100%
• Faster, cheaper and Haiti
• But again, challenges
9,801,664 4,200,000 43%
Somalia 10,085,638 655,000 6%
more reliable than such as accessibility,
computers. Many have data, and
them already and know infrastructure.
how to use them. Mobile!
14. Discussion Questions
Does integration of educational
technology narrow or widen
socioeconomic gaps?
Is educational technology a tool
of de-colonization or a tool of
re-colonization?
16. Sources
Banks, Ken. “Mobile Learning in Developing Countries: Kamenetz, Anya. “Laptops For All Kids!” Fast Company 170
Present Realities and Future Possibilities.” David Harper, (2012): 62-66. Web. 16 Mar. 2013.
ed. Education for a Digital World: Advice, Guidelines and Kilker, Julian. “When and Where Appropriate: Lessons From
Effective Practice From Around the Globe. Vancouver, „Foreign‟ Contexts for the Pedagogical Use of Web-
BC: BCcampus & Commonwealth of Learning, 2008. Based Technologies in the United States.” Robert Cole,
51-60. Print. ed. Issues in Web-based Pedagogy: A Critical Primer.
Daniel, John. “The Expansion of Higher Education in the Westport, CT: Greenwood Press, 2000. 65-79. Print.
Developing World: The Contribution of Distance Larson, Richard & Elizabeth Murray. “Open Educational
Education.” ICT for Education, Development and Social Resources For Blended Learning In High Schools:
Justice. Charalambos Vrasidas, Michalinos Zembylas, & Overcoming Impediments In Developing Countries.”
Gene Glass, eds. Charlotte, NC: Information Age Journal of Asynchronous Learning Networks 12.1 (2008):
Publishing, 2009. 53-64. Print. 85-103. Web. 17 Mar. 2013.
Dougherty, Audubon. “Rural Peru's Transition To Wireless | OLPC Foundation. “About the Project.” One Laptop Per
Internet: A Case Study On The Challenges And Potentials Child. OLPC Foundation, 2012. Web. Web. 16 Mar. 2013.
Of ICT Entrepreneurship In The Developing World.” Sekiwu, Denis. "E-Learning For University Effectiveness In
International Journal Of Technology, Knowledge & Society The Developing World." Online Submission (2010): Web.
6.2 (2010): 119. Web. 16 Mar. 2013. 16 Mar. 2013.
Fischmann, Gustavo & José Romero. “E-Hopes and Public Vrasidas, Charalambos, Michalinos Zembylas, & Gene
Education in Latin America.” ICT for Education, Glass. “ICT for Development: Challenges and
Development and Social Justice. Charalambos Vrasidas, Perspectives.” ICT for Education, Development and
Michalinos Zembylas, & Gene Glass, eds. Charlotte, NC: Social Justice. Charalambos Vrasidas, Michalinos
Information Age Publishing, 2009. 33-52. Print. Zembylas, & Gene Glass, eds. Charlotte, NC: Information
Gulati, Shalni. “Technology-Enhanced Learning In Age Publishing, 2009. 3-16. Print.
Developing Nations: A Review.” International Review Of Warschauer, Mark, and Morgan Ames. “Can One Laptop
Research In Open And Distance Learning 9.1 (2008): Per Child Save The World's Poor?.” Journal Of
1-16. Web. 16 Mar. 2013. International Affairs 64.1 (2010): 33-51. Web. 16 Mar.
Iqbal, Shakeel & Ijaz Qureshi. “M-Learning Adoption: A 2013.
Perspective From A Developing Country.” International
Review Of Research In Open & Distance Learning 13.3
(2012): 147-164. Web. 17 Mar. 2013.
Editor's Notes
Your audience didn’t show up to read your 60 page on screen dissertation.
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But also change the world. (Well, at least your part of the world.)
Brainstorm graphics that will effectively communicate your message…
To view this presentation, first, turn up your volume and second, launch the self-running slide show.
But also change the world. (Well, at least your part of the world.)
But also change the world. (Well, at least your part of the world.)
To view this presentation, first, turn up your volume and second, launch the self-running slide show.
To view this presentation, first, turn up your volume and second, launch the self-running slide show.
But also change the world. (Well, at least your part of the world.)
But also change the world. (Well, at least your part of the world.)
But also change the world. (Well, at least your part of the world.)
Your audience didn’t show up to read your 60 page on screen dissertation.
Brainstorm graphics that will effectively communicate your message…