The Path For Gender Equality

The Path For Gender Equality
Heather Locker
English 101
Prof. Riedel
18 May 2016
The Path to Gender Equality in Afghanistan The rise in poverty, illiteracy and the conservative
nature of the post–Taliban Afghanistan has left those uneducated to follow the teachings, or
customary laws, of radicalized Mullahs, who teach their own adaptations of the Quran which often
assert men's dominance over women, in various ways including but not limited to: physical abuse,
psychological abuse, abuse within the community (i.e. shunning, hearsay and taunting) and honor
killings. The policies that have been adapted by the government have not been effective enough to
combat violence against women effectively, failing to educate the Afghan people on the principles
of Islam that emphasize equality and to move forward as a nation towards a more progressive,
accepting society. The afghan government needs to treat women as equal citizens and use the
teachings of the Quran which promote peace and equality, to better educate future generations and
promote gender equality within the Muslim community. On March 19, 2015 Farkhunda Malikzada
was ruthlessly murdered in the streets of Kabul. BBC Our World special report ran a shocking 30
minute special on the murder of Malikzada in which they featured clips of the brutal attack, as well
as interviews with her family and members of the community, who witnessed the attack. Malikzada,
a 27 year old religious teacher, was leaving her Quran recital class when she got into an altercation
... Get more on HelpWriting.net ...

Conflict In Exit West
EXIT WEST; MAGICAL IN A VERY REAL WORLD
There are books to be drowned in, there are books to devour and then there is Exit West, a story
which does both to the reader – leaving her or him gasping for air yet coming out with a heightened
understanding and a trembling at the changeability of life, the realness of the human state through
the lives of the two main characters, the various 'appearing' characters and the wise voice of the
mysterious narrator. War is real. It can happen to people like you and me and it will grope assault
and kill once it takes over. Militants can take over the city and the lemon tree will not survive. Yet,
while windows can be shuttered, there are doors which can open and lead to life in new lands. The
lemon tree will ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Despite the voice of Saeed's father, with all its experience and wisdom, reiterating the main factor of
human resilience, the major choice humanity has that, "Let us hope," the story never for a moment
lets us forget that life is serious business; food, sex, work, leisure, all is serious and diminishable.
"Man can be turned to meat" within minutes and children can play ball with the severed head of an
adult. This is life and this is war with all its horrors as Exit West demonstrates. And yet there is
cause for hope, says Hamid through Saeed's father, who although transforms into 'the old man' at the
imminent departure of Nadia and Saeed, continues to replenish their lives with his deep parental
love, there is hope in the deep love that both of them feel for one another and there is hope in the
natural way of things as the story ends in the very place it began, the unnamed city, which though
scarred and marred by the militant invasion, shows signs of revival and thus sparks hope in the
heart.
Exit west, with its plush, magical cover and fairy–tale style beginning, its inventive diction and
familiar setting is a story sharp and seeped in reality. It is a hard covered, hard bound story of life in
hard times. It showcases the writer's development not just in the art of story–telling but in the
creation of new metaphors and new uses of words. It is lyrical, historical

ember World War II, and the effects it caused around the...
ember World War II, and the effects it caused around the world, especially to the Jewish People.
During that time the Nazi's were killing off Jewish people, and sending them to concentration or
work camps to be eventually killed off or worked till they are almost dead. People called it the
holocaust, and it was the genocide of the Jewish. Genocide is one of the worst things in the world
today, as it injured and killed many people. It is referred to having malicious intent of destroying or
hurting a specific group. The word "Genocide" is derived from the Greek word "Geno–"which is
Greek for race or tribe, while the Latin word "–Cide" means killing. This word was created by a
Polish–Jewish lawyer named Raphael Lemkin in the year 1944. ... Show more content on
Helpwriting.net ...
The killing of members within a group, causing serious injury or mental destruction, in some or
whole parts of destruction, also preventing birth within that group, or transferring the people or
children on to another group. There were many Genocides throughout history, including the
Holocaust, the Armenian Genocide, and the Chinese Genocide, etc. Overall, Genocide is one of the
worst and inhumane crimes in the history of mankind, as it killed off many, many people. In April
1915 the Ottoman government decided to diminish the civilian Armenian Population. The
persecutions were varying, as it was on a curve with high intensity until 1923. In 1923, the Ottoman
Empire was gone from existence, and was replaced by the Republic of Turkey. The Armenian
population in 1915 was about two million, and by 1918, about 1 million people have died, while
hundreds of thousands had become homeless and stateless refugees. By the year 1923, the Armenian
population of Anatolian Turkey was gone. The Ottoman Empire was controlled and led by the
Turks. The Turks had conquered and seized lands from across West Asian, North Africa, and
Southeast Europe. While the overall Ottoman government was controlled in Istanbul
(Constantinople), and was headed by a sultan who wanted absolute power. The Armenian people
were a Christian minority, and lived as second class citizens. They had legal restrictions that denied
them from normal safeguards. They did not live in

The Reluctant Fundamentalist, By Kathy H.
Similarly to The Reluctant Fundamentalist, the novel's narrator and protagonist, Kathy H., speaks as
though she is talking to someone, but a specific conversational companion is never identified. The
use of the dramatic monologue still allows the reader to develop an intimate understanding of Kathy,
her feelings, and her story. Unlike The Reluctant Fundamentalist, which fictionalizes the prejudice
and discrimination encountered by an actual minority group, Never Let Me Go features the
prejudice and discrimination faced by a fictional minority minority group. The clones are "regarded
as other, as non–human" (Griffin 654), so they are "reduced to a derelationalized unit of production
in the service of commercial and/or political agendas" (Griffin 654) with minimal societal outcry
and push–back. Basically, because the clones are not seen as truly human, they are not given full
human rights. To society and the people that create them, the clones' lives are just the means to an
end. Griffin notes that "the clones – if they do not die in the early stages of the organ harvesting
process – may be treated as mere matter that is gradually stripped of its material substance until that
substance cannot sustain itself any longer or has no further use value" (657), illustrating the extent
of the objectification that the clones face.
Like Changez, Kathy H. is protective of her home. In her case, home is Hailsham, the boarding
school in which she was raised. She recounts her experiences

Changez Beard And Orientalism Analysis
Changez's Beard and Orientalism in The Reluctant Fundamentalist
"Do not be frightened by my beard: I am a lover of America"(Hamid 1) the protagonist of The
Reluctant Fundamentalist by Mohsin Hamid, Changez states in the beginning of the novel. Changez
is a Pakistani man who comes to the United States for an education and gets a job. Living the
American dream, Changez was seen as a "polished, well–dressed man" (Hamid 8). After four and a
half years of living in the United States, he slowly loses a sense of who he is. After the occurrence
of 9/11, Changez grew his beard and we start seeing a different side of him. Changez's beard
represents his inner hardships surrounding his identity and is associated with orientalism.
Changez is an international ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Said coined and defines orientalism as the Western conception of the Middle East as exotic others
and it constructs "Orientals" as cruel, lazy, clever, and mysterious. Erica complimented Changez's
beard by stating that he looks cute and that the beard brought out his eyes. Changez did not respond
to the compliment, but we can assume that Changez liked it and made him want to keep the beard
regardless of his mother's opinion. However, others saw Changez's beard as a threat. After 9/11, the
beard on any Middle Eastern man was associated with the terrorist group behind the attack, Al
Qaeda's founder, Osama Bin Laden. Changez's mom statement on how he looked like a mouse was
a smilie for the mouse and rats in New York; no one wants to see them as no one wants to see a
terrorist. Changez didn't fit in anymore with his beard and became subjected to verbal abuse by
complete strangers and stares and whispers from his co–workers in Underwood Samson. However,
this didn't make him shave it off as it gave him a sense of his identity. Changez's beard represents
his identity and is associated with the term orientalism. Changez could have easily chosen to wear a
kurta every day instead of a beard to identify with his Pakistani identity. However, with cultural
appropriation and the exotic concept of a kurta, it would not have been a strong enough sense of
identity for Changez as a beard naturally is.

Summary Of ' A Thousand Splendid Suns '
AN ANALYSIS OF THE NOVEL "A THOUSAND SPLENDID SUNS"
The opening of the novel sets the books foundation for the book's more macrocosmic themes.Nana
refers to Mariam as 'HARAMI' i.e illegitimate child in order to suggest that Mariam's birth was the
consequence of an extra–marital affair.The term 'HARAMI' makes her upbringing as one that is
illegitimate,a reference that ,Mariam herself makes in the later chapter.On the opposite side ,Jalil
appears as the standard for "legitimacy"according to society.Yet,once he lets Mariam down and
subsequently rejects her presence at his home,his legitimacy as a father is called in to question.In
addition ,Jalil's relationship to Nana and Mariam displays his shame of his second family.On the
other hand Nana's emphasis on Mariam learning to endure suffering not only suggest how bleak
Mariam's future will be ,but also the type of lessons Mariam must have learned as a child in Nana's
home.Ultimately throughout the rest of the novel ,Mariam's capacity for endurance is what allows
her to survive horrible circumstances.Mariam's trip to herat which culminates Nana's suicide.once
she attempts to reach Jalil ,she is exposed to the truth about his consideration for her as an outsider
to his life.After her mother's death the simplicity of her life in Kolba ends ,and she is thrust in to
adulthood.She is forced to get married to Rasheed ,who is 20 yr older than her.Rasheed forced her to
act like a wife,he demands her to clean and cook,and he will

Afghanistan and Economic Dependency
Economic Dependency
The fight for control of Afghanistan's opium economy has created a powerful entity competing for
influence within an already fragile state. Worldwide drug use has led to a steady demand for
Afghanistan's opium and heroin production. The benefits for those involved including workers and
farmers who produce the opium to the warlords, commanders, and international traffickers who
control its movement, is great. Years after the fall of the Taliban government, some argue that the
rebellion is no longer about religion or ideology, but about money and wealth. With almost all of the
worlds opium production in Afghanistan most is cultivated in a small areas of southern provinces
near the Iranian and Pakistani border, Kandahar, ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
One Afghan farmer can make 17 times more growing opium poppy than by growing wheat.
Opium Greed and Our Troops War is seen as a means for control and resources. We once thought of
the invasion of Afghanistan as The War on Terror, and it became seen as a way to gain control of
their oil production, but little is known about the $1 trillion wealth this country really holds and the
interest U.S corporations have taken on the new cash crop known as poppy. We know that the
United States government has been found to protect certain drug operations around the globe, for
example in 2012, a Mexican government official from Juarez stated that the CIA and other
international security forces "don't fight drug traffickers but instead manage the drug trade." Former
Representative Ron Paul has even commented about the CIA's corruption when speaking to a group
of students about Iran–Contra: stating "Drug trafficking" is a gold mine for people who want to raise
money in the underground government in order to finance projects that they can't get legitimately...
It is very clear that the CIA has been very much involved with drug dealings." There is no hardcore
evidence whether or not the CIA or other U.S security systems are involved in the Afghanistan
opium production or distribution

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The Power of the Taliban and Its Effect on Afghan Women
Human Rights Paper
The Taliban is an Islamic fundamentalist political movement which came to power as Afghanistan's
government in 1996 but was overthrown by the U.S. after 9–11 in 2001. The official government
put into power by the U.S. after the Taliban overthrow was headed by President Hamid Karzai, but
he and his government mostly only had power in Kabul and Kandahar, urban cities. After the
Taliban, the misogynistic Mujahedeen regained power in many rural parts of Afghanistan, where
they forced women to stay indoors and constantly wear the burqa. Although the Mujahedeen oppose
the Taliban, the two organizations are similar in many ways when it comes to women's rights. The
Taliban enforced Sharia law, which is strict Islamic law, according to the Taliban members'
interpretation of the Quran. According to this law, women have little to no rights. Women under the
Taliban could never leave their houses unless they had a permit because of an emergency, and even
then they had to be accompanied by a close male relative. Women were also forbidden from school
and work. This was devastating for many women who didn't have husbands supporting the family.
Countless families were left completely impoverished with no income. On top of that, women were
forced to wear the burqa, a garment that completely covers the body except a small screen for the
eyes. Even though they had just lost their salary, and did not have enough money for food,
numerous women had to buy these garments

Challenges Facing The International Community Essay
Introduction
"Every unhappy family is unhappy in its own way" wrote Leo Tolstoy in the opening page of Anna
Karenina. Similarly it can be said that each so called fragile state is fragile in its own way. Fragile
states pose a distinct security risk for the international community. According to OECD report on
fragile states (2015),by failing in their responsibility to provide basic services to their people, they
cause mass migration and act as havens for terrorism and illicit trade. According to the same report–
statebuilding interventions in fragile states are undertaken because, without addressing state
fragility, poverty reduction is not achievable and that state fragility will have a major impact on
global poverty.
In the following analysis, I will try to explore the challenges the international community, led by the
US, face in its state–building efforts in Afghanistan. Standing at the border between central and
south asia, Afghanistan has a chequered and violent recent history. Acting as a buffer zone between
British and Russian colonialism in the 18th and 19th century (Marsden 2009, p 72), Afghanistan
became completely independent from British rule in the 1920s. During the reign of Zahir Shah (
1933–1973), the country enjoyed relative peace and a process of modernization was under way in
the kemalist model (Rashid 2000, p 76). However, in the 1970s Afghanistan saw military coup,
communist takeover and a Soviet invasion. In the late 1970s, the People's Democratic

Questions Of Travel : Questions Essay
ewest Questions of Travel
COURSEWORK: TEXTS IN TIME
QUESTIONS OF TRAVEL
2. 'Travel invariably provokes questions–questions as to what exactly are we experiencing, what it
means and, more troublingly, who we ourselves actually are.' How far and in what ways is this true
of the three texts you have chosen to prepare for your coursework? Travel has been defined as the
'movement through space in a way that involves accumulation of facts towards a coherent narrative
about place, culture, and humanity...[and] what travel and travel writing stands for is a particular
kind of intellectual curiosity'. This curiosity inevitably incites internal debates for the travel writer:
questions of home, perspective, and identity. Invariably, the journeys provoke far more questions
than answers.
Throughout time, travel has presented the dichotomy of home and abroad, which has created
unresolved tensions, often expressed in literature. This tension is explored in Elizabeth Bishop's
poem 'Questions of Travel' the title poem of the anthology 'Questions of Travel' , which investigates
the cognitive dissonance she experiences when analyzing the prospect of home versus away via an
'interiorized debate'. Bishop does this through a series of rhetorical questions, posing 'Is it lack of
imagination that makes us come/ to imagined places, not just stay at home?' By doing this, Bishop
argues the significance of travel: whether we should experience the world in vitro or in vivo,
imagining places at

The Marginalized American Dream By Chimamanda Ngozi...
The Marginalized American Dream
The concept of the American Dream is the fundamental principle on which the United States of
America is based upon. America is romanticized as a place where ideals of individuality, democracy,
freedom and equality are encouraged. This is how America presents itself to the world and in turn,
this is how much of the world views the United States – a country brimming with opportunity and
those willing to work hard will no doubt achieve prosperity, success and happiness. It 's no surprise
then that America has the largest immigrant population in the world. Those migrating to the United
States often have exaggerated expectations of the country, no doubt on account of America 's
wealth, positioning as the world 's ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Upon her arrival to the states, however, it became apparent that such claims were exaggerated and if
anything, her status had diminished. In Nigeria Ifemelu had not yet been subject to the concept of
race, evidenced by her statement "I came from a country where race was not an issue; I did not think
of myself as black and I only became black when I came to America." (Adichie 359) She was of
course aware of colorism among her people – some believing that possessing lighter skin somehow
made them superior, but in America race was everything! Race determined your social status, the
neighborhood you lived in, the opportunities available to you, your chances of success and how
difficult the life would be. And in America, being black was considered the lowest in the hierarchy.
Ifemelu would also learn that being a "non–American" black would form a bridge between her and
so called black Americans.
The Reluctant Fundamentalist chronicles the story of Changez, a relatively successful Pakistani
immigrant. Changez has just graduated from Princeton, one of the most prestigious universities in
the nation and lands a successful job at a reputable financial firm as an analyst. On the surface, it
would appear that Changez has achieved the American Dream. However, following the unfortunate
events of September 11th, 2001, the sociopolitical landscape of the United

Why Is Aravind Adiga And Mohsin Hamid?
The lexical study is used in linguistics to refer to the vocabulary of a language. It encompasses the
words and their formation, the type of words used, and the deviation from the norms of standard
variety. It would be studied what type of words – subject specific or lexical sets, context matching
or deviated, simple or complex – have been used. Both Aravind Adiga and Mohsin Hamid use a
number of linguistic deviations for various purposes; to maintain readers' attention in con (text); to
express cultural emotions; to capture sociolinguistic reality; to present the things on the pages; and
to create something new, honest and attractive. But one thing is clear that these linguistic moves
have made their descriptive and narrative lively, easy, ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
(The White Tiger 29)
We admired his bus–company–issue khaki uniform, his silver whistle and the red cord from which it
hung down from his pocket. (The White Tiger 31)
These are your–fortune–and–weight–for–one–rupee machines that stand on every rail platform in
the country. (The White Tiger 247)
So I had to turn and do the amazing one–hand–on–the–wheel–one–hand–with–the–whisky–bottle
trick all over again. (The White Tiger 216)
Lunch was taken in the cafeteria; over chicken–pesto–in–sun–dried–tomato wraps we observed the
assured urgency... ( The Reluctant Fundamentalist 36)
When Jim and Changez were discussing in an exquisite hotel, the Makati Shangri La, Changez
seemed somewhat tired, Jim reassured him Not in a bullshit, say–something–nice–to–raise–the–
kid's–morale way. (The Reluctant Fundamentalist 70) Here, say–something–nice–to–raise–the–
kid's–morale the whole sentence has been used as an adjective.
They also use verbal adjectives/participles to qualify and describe someone or something. Both
present and past participles have been used. At times, they use participle + Noun and sometimes
adjective + participle + Noun as the situation

To Use, or Not to Use E-books. That Is the Question.
Thanks to new technology that is being invented every day, life has become increasingly simple and
concise. There are gadgets that introduced almost daily which are meant to replace "outdated" and
"old" ways of living. The invention of e–books was one such creation that was made to make the
lives of readers easier and simpler. However, are traditional paper books truly better than e–books?
If so, or if not, why? It is time to settle the score. E–books hit the shelves and were (and still are)
huge. Visiting a bookstore or waiting for a book to arrive at the house, for many people, takes much
too long. Life, today, is all about doing precise work in a short amount of time, and e–books are a
way to help consumers do just that. As commented on by Mohsin Hamid of the New York Times,
"The advantages of e–books are clear ... I can read an intriguing review of a book...and with the
click of a button be reading that book in an instant" (Hamid). Hamid also later commented on the
convenience of many features that e–books possess, "it is possible to vary the size of the font...e–
books can be read in the dark, self–illuminated" (Hamid). An e–reader can also hold at least a
thousand or more books without any extra weight, making e–readers very useful for traveling. They
are light, do not take up to much space, and you can hold a wide variety of books on your person at
any given time. These features, which paper books do not possess, are enticing features which
appeal to a wide spectrum of

The Reluctant Fundamentalist Analysis
In, The Reluctant Fundamentalist, written by Mohsin Hamid, the main character, Changez seems to
be an unreliable source. Throughout the novel, there is a dinner that Changez is having with an
American, who seems to be uneasy the entire meal. Changez tells this American about all his many
memories of his life, both good and bad. Hamid choose to write this novel from only Changez's
point of view so the audience is never told what the other end of the conversation is and only sees it
through Changez's eyes. This leads the audience that he may not always be telling the truth.
Changez is able to get away with not telling the truth because no one can question him. The
audience does not know what really happened so we can't say that we are absolutely sure he is lying.
However, Changez does show some signs that he in fact, is not being completely factual. Although
no one ever truly discovers Changez lying or telling incorrect information about his life, it is
revealed to the audience that Changez is not telling the truth about what happened during his
lifetime with his unusual actions. Throughout the novel the audience is introduced to sketchy and
unusual things that go on in Changez's life. The audience first discovers that Changez may not be
trustworthy when he states, "I stared as one – and then the other – of the twin towers of New York's
World Trade Center collapses. And then I smiled. Yes, despicable as it may sound, my initial
reaction was to be remarkably pleased." (Hamid

The Reluctant Fundamentalist
"The Reluctant Fundamentalist" – Where to belong?
An analysis of the relationship between Erica and Changez & Changez' development
What is a reluctant fundamentalist? To be reluctant is to have feelings of aversion. A fundamentalist
is one who holds on to any set of principles. Then the term of being a reluctant fundamentalist is
somewhat an ironic term in this context, because our main character is a person who is not sure
what beliefs he should adhere to. The novel "The Reluctant Fundamentalist" is written by Mohsin
Hamid and was published in 2007. Our main character, Changez, struggles to find his identity
between being an American or Pakistani through certain events in his life.
The main character, Changez makes his home ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Just as Changez is fascinated by the magnificence of the American dream, he is also deeply attracted
to Erica. At their first meeting, Changez describes her as a 'stunningly regal', wealthy and popular: "
[...] so stunning regal was she. Her hair was piled up like a tiara on her head, and her navel – ah,
what a navel."(p. 19, l. 15–16). Erica is described as possessing an uncommon magnetism that
attracts people to her. In the same way, America also has a tempting quality that Changez cannot
resist at first. Both Erica and America are beautiful, but it is not entirely what captivates Changez.
Erica has a mysterious quality that makes her slightly out of reach, but Changez is truly attracted to
her – as if Changez's pursuit of Erica is symbolic of his pursuit of the American Dream.
Changez's relationship with Erica and America develops a turning point for him after the attacks on
World Trade Centre, which represents his life journey, and his first reaction is to smile at the fact
that America was sinking. At the same time, his relationship with Erica becomes gradually more
alienated, as she separates herself from his life, and from the world around her. You can say that his
relationship with Erica is a symbolic measure of his loyalty to America. Meeting Erica in the
aftermath of the attack of World Trade Centre was like being at a funeral, as if someone had lost
something dear to them. Realizing that his relationship with Erica is ruined, Changez witnesses

Sexual Violence And Gender Based Violence Against Women...
3.1. Sexual violence and gender based violence against women and girls
Wartime sexual and gender based violence is one of the main concerns of SCR 1325. Violence
against women in the forms of rape, torture, sexual slavery, forced pregnancy, forced sterilization
and murder has increasing become a routine weapon of war (Willett, 2010, pp. 153–154). A further
concern is the persistence of widespread sexual violence, even after political stabilisation, where
sexual violence becomes a 'normal' part of society and its systems. Sexual and gender based
violence, including the threat of violence, is a powerful tactic of war that services to exclude
women's participation and enforce their victimisation and subservience (Willett, 2010, pp. 154).
SCR ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
These include; Ministry of Women affairs, Afghanistan Independent Human Rights Commission,
Elimination of Violence Against Women Commission, Elimination of Violence Against Women
Prosecution Office, Family Courts and Gender Units in many ministries, and inter–ministerial
committees (Ebrahimkhel, 2013, p. 1). In 2009, the Law on the Elimination of Violence Against
Women was (EVAW) decreed into law by an executive order by the President. The EVAW law
banned and set new penalties for underage and forced marriage, domestic violence, rape, forced
prostitution, and other abuses against women (Ebrahimkhel, 2013, p. 2).
Despite the Government's efforts, a number of reports demonstrate an alarming increase in violence
against women over recent years (Hamid, 2011, pp. 31; Cameron & Kamminga, 2014, pp. 8–9;
UNAMA & UN OHCHR, 2015, pp. 7–9). Women report cases of physical abuse, forced marriages,
and the continued existence of entrenched cultural practices, such as baad (the exchange of women
and girls to end family feuds).
There is a lack of official primary and comprehensive data on violence against women in
Afghanistan. The Government of Afghanistan reported 4,505 registered incidents of violence against
women in 32 of the 34 provinces, between March 2012 to March 2013 (Islamic Republic of
Afghanistan, Ministry of Women's Affairs, 2014, pp. 8). Registered cases refers to any incident of
violence against women

US Military and the War in Afghanistan
Every day someone's child, spouse, sibling or parent makes the courageous decision to join the
United States Army. This is something less than one percent of Americans ever do, this takes a
special person to become a defender of the Constitution. Of those defenders, how many of them
have deployed to a combat zone, most specifically Afghanistan? The United States military has
spent over 10 years in Afghanistan. Soldiers and families are beaten and tired after this decade of
combat and losses no one can even understand. These losses and brokenness is why it is time to
withdraw troops from Afghanistan and bring them home in a steady and slow pattern or increments.
Closing out a combat and war zone takes a lot of planning, preparation, training and cooperation
from all Allied forces and host nations; Afghanistan is no different. A decade of war needs to come
to an end and Afghanis need to take charge of their country and people and stand on their own two
feet.
The Afghani people have a proud culture and have been fighting for their land and freedom for
decades. They have fought against the Russians in the 1980s with the help of the Taliban, who
happen to be the force the Coalition forces are fighting against. "I went on a convoy with an older
Afghani man and he could point out where all the IEDs were located from the 80s placed by the
Russians. It's a crazy feeling to know that this man was a part of an Army that supported the Taliban
and now is fighting against them. The

Nostalgi The Reluctant Fundamentalist, Mohsin Hamid
Christina A. Slaughter
Professor Eschrich
ENG–L204
28 May 2015
Nostalgia
Nostalgia is defined as a wistful desire to return in thought or in fact to a former time in one 's life,
to one 's home or homeland, or to one 's family and friends; a sentimental yearning for the happiness
of a former place or time. (Dictionary.com) Nostalgia is often caused by something prompting the
individual of an event or detail from their past. In theory, nostalgia is a wonderful experience of
reminiscing on memories in the past, but every so often nostalgia can have negative effects on one's
mindset. The result of these feelings and emotions can range through many different things, from
happiness, to sorrow, to anger. In The Reluctant Fundamentalist, Mohsin Hamid suggests that in
difficult times in people's lives, nostalgia happens, and can evoke different emotions in people.
First, we see a sense of nostalgia in chapter six of the novel, when Changez says, "The destruction
of the World Trade Centre had, as she had said, churned up old thoughts that had settled in the
manner of sediment to the bottom of a pond; now the waters of her mind were murky with what
previously had been ignored. I did not know if the same was true of me." In this instance, Changez
and Erica are having a conversation post 9/11 terrorist attacks. The nostalgia that took place in this
passage makes the reader see the two thoughts that the characters have about this incident. The way
that the passage ends with Changez

It’s amazing the amount of financial scandals there has...
It's amazing the amount of financial scandals there has been happening during the past decade, most
of them from the financial banking system. Reckless management practices that try to lure the
public with false statements in order to fill up their own pockets. Scandals such as, the Bernie
Madoff with his ponzi scheme, The Libor Scandal with the fixed rates, as well as the famous
scandal of the Lehman Brothers, all of them were great acts of corruption and unethical behavior,
trying to abuse of the public position for private gain. But the one that shocked me the most has
been the fraud made by the chief officers at Kabul Bank, Afghanistan. This financial fraud resulted
in almost the breakdown of Afghanistan's economy with a drop of the ... Show more content on
Helpwriting.net ...
The bank reported a loss of almost $300 million. According to an article at The New York Times,
Matthew Rosenborg states, "The owners kept two sets of books, and hid loans to themselves and
their shareholders by taking them in the names of friends, relatives and even domestic servants,
according to the audit and Afghan officials. They grouped related loans together to better keep track
of who owed what. Hundreds of millions of dollars in illicit loans were routed to Dubai through a
money exchange controlled by Mr. Farnood, who founded the bank. Kabul Bank employed people
to forge documents for companies that didn't exist, which were then audited by accounting firms
that appear to have been complicit, according to Kroll. That is where the rubber stamps came in:
they bore the names of those false companies, like Abdul Mahmood Trading and Ali Jan Abdul Hadi
Ltd., to lend an air of respectability to fake documents"(Rosenberg, 2012). The bank was processing
large transactions to related family members; they had insufficient liquidity, and offered impossibly
high interest rates to high valued customers to attract deposits.
This case came to the attention of the media, first when the National Directorate of Security back in
2009 notified the Afghanistan Bank, that Kabul Banks funds were used to purchase property in
Dubai. An embassy cable of the United States in Washington refered to money flowing from Kabul
airport trough Pamir Airways, this means that they were trying to

The Heterogeneity Of India
"All the convergent influences of the world run through this society:
Hindu,Moslem,Christian,secular;Stanlist,liberal,Maoist, democratic socialist, Gandhian. There is not
a thought that is being thought in the West or East that is not active in some Indian mind."
E.P.Thompson "The singular thing about India is that you can only speak of it in the plural" says
Shashi Tharoor. Also, Amartya Sen in his Magnum Opus The Argumentative Indians talks about the
pluralist and tolerant culture of India. The heterogeneity of India is ,beyond dispute, a source of
immense pride for Indians. Although is there a single definition which encapsulates what is meant
by Indians; is can still, and quite rightly, be disputed. This makes us unique among nations. India is
a diverse not only in historical sense, but also in its geographical sense and both are indissolubly
linked to each other. ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Secularists like JN Nehru, Universalists like RN Tagore, Emperors like Akbar and Asoka,
Philosophy like Upnishads, Immortal leaders like Mahatma Gandhi, intellectuals like Swami
Vivekananda have been part of this rich tradition and they propounded the inclusive and tolerant
idea of India. Each of them epitomises the essence of India's belief system. We have oldest Jewish
community in the world outside of the middle–east and a Christian community going back to the
first decade after Christ. New religions came in India and assimilated in its extraordinarily flexible
and accommodative culture. Each community thrived and none faced any

What Is Changes Declining American Identity
Changes Declining American Identity and ascertaining native identity Hamid shows Changes
perception of individuality. People like Changes suffered a lot in America and got interest to know
native identity. Native culture and identity is awesome for every individual. Changes worries that
even after all the sacrifices and services of Pakistanis has never treated Pakistan as ally or friend.
There is probability that Americans might have encouraged Indians to envy with Pakistanis. Hamid
painfully conveys that Americans never treat non– European Counties as their friends and they treat
like tissue papers. America might be a great country but the country has been progressed by
fundamentalists like Changes. Changes was better than American

Essay on A Kinder Reader
A Kinder Reader When one thinks of stories that improve us as human beings, Aesop's Fables
comes to mind, not the dark, dank, heroin‑laced world of Mohsin Hamid's Moth Smoke.
But, reading is like fashion, and one man's cherished plaid pants are another man's horror. Not all
fiction can directly dole out moral advice, such as Jane Austen's warnings about the dangers of hasty
judgment in Pride and Prejudice, but almost all fiction can proffer tales that at the very least expand
our range of vision. Moth Smoke brings us, its intended American audience, into the foreign world
of modern day Pakistan. The protagonist, Daru, is recently unemployed, in love with his best
friend's wife and cultivating a small heroin addiction. Hamid ... Show more content on
Helpwriting.net ...
Moth Smoke is an excellent example of the type of transformative literature Eagleton's liberal
humanists campaign for–this novel attempts to widen the circle of empathy of the reader.
Hamid forces his readers to play an active role in the book, a role they may even be hesitant to play,
by making them the judges of Daru's fate. From an early age we are told to "judge not, lest ye be
judged," yet in Moth Smoke we must come to a conclusion about Daru's guilt. Hamid does this to
force the reader to think; instead of just observing this foreign world of Pakistan, the reader
participates in the judgment of Daru. "I don't know" is an easy answer, a socially palatable one we
often hide behind, but it is one that Hamid will not allow. In his attempt to widen the readers' range
of vision, Hamid must force them to process the information they have received and to form
conclusions, right or wrong. Not only does Hamid attempt to raise the level of empathy of his
readers, but he also tests it. By forcing the reader to play the role of courtroom judge, he is putting
their newfound areas of vision to the test. A judge must make very black and white decisions: guilty
or not guilty. But empathy is all about understanding the gray areas–being able to sympathize with
the situation of another and understand why they would act in such a manner. Moth Smoke presents
itself in such a manner

Work Ethic and Success of America and Its Citizens Essay
"Today in America, a teacher spent extra time with a student who needed it, and did her part to lift
America's graduation rate to its highest levels in more than three decades. An entrepreneur flipped
on the lights in her tech startup, and did her part to add to the more than eight million new jobs our
businesses have created over the past four years. An autoworker fine–tuned some of the best, most
fuel–efficient cars in the world, and did his part to help America wean itself off foreign oil. A farmer
prepared for the spring after the strongest five–year stretch of farm exports in our history. A rural
doctor gave a young child the first prescription to treat asthma that his mother could afford. A man
took the bus home from the graveyard ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Traditional automakers, such as Ford and GM have also increased their output of more fuel efficient
vehicles. A recent example is the new, 2014 F–150, which replaces significant portions of the
chassis that was primarily made with steel with lightweight, robust aluminum. American
autoworkers and their advanced skill set in automotive manufacturing have been integral in
permitting these companies to transition. According to the USDA, American agricultural exports hit
a new record of $140.9 billion for the fiscal year, making 2009–2013 the strongest agricultural
export period in our history according to the Secretary of agriculture. This shows the affordability
and widespread use of medication in this day and age. The statement is likely a reference to the
Affordable Healthcare Act, also known as Obamacare, which is supposed to help reduce the cost of
healthcare and whose website is now being helped by tech companies. In May 2013, Obama gave a
speech at the National Defense University in Washington that laid out the political groundwork to
wind down the "War on Terror" that began when al Qaeda destroyed the World Trade Center and a
wing of the Pentagon 12 years ago. Recently, the U.S. has been considering pulling all troops out of
Afghanistan by the end of 2014 in response to Afghan president Karzai's obduracy in negotiating an
agreement to keep some American troops in the country past that deadline. This comment suggests
that the Obama administration is

The war on terrorism in Afghanistan has been the longest...
The war on terrorism in Afghanistan has been the longest war in the history of the United States of
America, the war that nobody wanted is finally coming to an end. Ever since the September 11th
attack on the twin towers in the heart of New York, the United States has led a 13 year long war on
terrorism in the war–torn country, Afghanistan. The ending of the war is a major turning point in the
history of America and Afghanistan. The ending of the war will be the greatest test on the people of
Afghanistan to see how they will take their country into their own hand and decide its fate. The
future of Afghanistan is that it will not be stable enough to run on its own due to the high level of
poverty, high levels of corruption and limited ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Afghanistan will remain unstable due to its high levels of poverty and once the high poverty levels
decrease the instability of the country will also decrease. Corruption in Afghanistan tends to run in
every which way, from the country's massive heroin production industry and exportation, to
government officials taking bribes and finally to the everyday bribes of the average citizen. Due to
the high levels of corruption in Afghanistan, corruption will always be a major factor to consider
when predicting the outcome of the country's future success. According to Transparency
International, a global civil organization leading the fight against corruption, Afghanistan has been
rated 175/177 out of the 177 countries around the world involved in the organization's research as
highly corrupt. "Afghanistan is categorized as Highly Corrupt" (Transparency International), but
what is the meaning of corruption really? Corruption is a dishonest or fraudulent conduct by those in
power, typically involving some sort of bribery. Based on past experience, Corruption takes place in
all sorts of places and levels of the social class system in our society, from the governmental
procedures and treaties to the average daily routines of the average citizen, especially in
Afghanistan. Bribery is a common occurrence in Afghanistan, from paper work in immigration
offices to getting out of sticky situations like

Essay about Recent Economy of Afghanistan
Introduction The Kite Runner written by Khaled Hosseini, is a fictional narrative following the life
of Amir, the son of a wealthy single father known as Baba, and his sibling like relationship with
their servant Ali's son Hassan. Growing up together in Afghanistan during times of peace, they are
split up due to unruly events, and the Soviet raid. Leaving behind all their belongings, Amir and
Baba escape to America while the place they called home is devastated as the Taliban take over and
establish their own regime. Throughout the story, Hosseini's writings depict the abrupt change in
conditions experienced by the people of Afghanistan, as the cruel demeanor of this terrorist group's
reign reflects upon the country. With the ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Water is more abundant seeing that 60.6% of the population can access a drinkable source, but those
who cannot often live in rural areas ("Afghanistan" CIA Factbook). Typically men provide for
families since only 12.6% of woman are literate. This leaves females with few job opportunities, as
they face the prejudice of Islamic customs that prevent them from working ("Afghanistan").
Nevertheless, today woman still do have a chance in contrast to 2001 when "The Taliban prohibited
women to work" (Weinbaum). This is a primary reason most children were orphaned during that
time, displayed when Amir visited an orphanage back home, learning that many of the children are
there since "their mothers can't feed them because the Taliban don't allow them to work" (Hosseini
266). At that time, parents were a commodity, which few children had. In present day, electricity is
just as rare even though it is essential. In a census done by the Asia Foundation, "20% of the people
report the availability of electricity in their household" out of 6348 Afghan citizen's surveyed
(Mohmand). This is an advancement however from what was available ten years prior, as
demonstrated when Amir was told by a hotel owner that "Kabul had been without electricity for two
days" including commercial services (Hosseini 278). Health care and education are both existent but
are scarce in density, as most schools and medical services are limited and concentrated in Kabul
(Weinbaum). Hospitals are in high demand

Financing the War in Afghanistan Essay
Financing the war in Afghanistan is a complex and multifaceted issue where the Canadian
government must decide the most efficient and effective approach to disperse its resources; in terms
of monetary funding and providing supplementary goods and services. The Canadian government
must act, think and approach the issues faced in Afghanistan in an 'economical manner', meaning,
the Canadian government must "deal with the production and distribution and consumption of goods
and services and their management" {www.thefreedictionary.com}. This concept is the fundamental
principle behind economics and demonstrates how Canada is financing the Afghanistan mission.
This report will demonstrate the economical significance of various financing ... Show more content
on Helpwriting.net ...
Progress has also been made in repairing and improving the infrastructure of corrections and
training facilities" {Security– Canada's Mentoring Role}. The Canadian forces provide Afghanistan
with decisive and influential training to most, if not all Afghanistan National Army (ANA)
personnel for them to become more capable and self sufficient when managing its populace. This
concept shall assist the Afghanistan economy because if the Afghan Army were finally trained to
proficiently secure its people and the nation as a whole, it will cultivate the government to become
more effective hitherto, "turn and pave the way for economic development and reconstruction"
{Security– Canada's Mentoring Role}. In addition to the ongoing efforts by the Canadian Forces to
mentor and equip the Afghan National Army, "Canada is also providing up to $99 million over three
years towards: training, mentoring and equipping the ANA and the ANP; building capacity in
administration and logistical support; and complementary initiatives in the justice and correctional
systems to support activities of the ANP" {Canada's Engagement in Afghanistan}. In order for the
Canadian military to be able to maneuver themselves in the struggling nation of Afghanistan, it is
obligatory that these armed forces be provided with the necessary weaponry and arsenal to cope
through with their

The Special Inspector General For Afghanistan Reconstruction
The iconic American sitcom Seinfeld has this episode where George Costanza, the show's lovable
loser, mopes to friend Jerry Seinfeld: "My life is the opposite of everything I want it to be. Every
instinct I have..it 's all been wrong." Jerry deadpans back, "If every instinct you have is wrong, then
the opposite would have to be right." Washington will eventually have its own George Costanza
moment on Afghanistan, and the futility of an open–ended war. The only question is how many
more dead soldiers and civilians will it take to have this epiphany.
The Special Inspector–General for Afghanistan Reconstruction's (SIGAR) quarterly report for
January is a bleak read. At close to 30%, not only do the Taliban hold more Afghan territory than
any time after the 2001 invasion, but "The insurgency is spreading (Afghan forces) thin, threatening
rural districts in one area while carrying out ambitious attacks in more populated centers." The
Taliban trifecta of high–stakes attacks in late 2015 adds weight to SIGAR's assessment. Moreover,
even before militants briefly overran Kunduz, Kandahar airport and besieged Sangin district, UN
figures revealed a 19% increase in "security incidents" between August and October.
US Defense Secretary Ashton Carter, however, insists Washington will "stick with Afghanistan, but
not just in 2016, that's 2017 and beyond," Sectors of the US media also report that military
commanders are pressing President Barack Obama to shelve the troop drawdown until

The Reluctant Fundamentalist By Mohsin Hamid And Lucy By...
Does money makes the world go round? In the obvious sense, yes. Money is the backbone of the
financial systems that enable and regulate the creation, distribution, and consumption of goods and
services. Yet, it is also the foundation of many of our world's inequalities. Namely, it is the basis of
social classes. Through history, the wealthy have always appeared to end up on top. They always
seem to get the upper hand. As a consequence, the upper class often have a certain air of arrogance
and/or ignorance. In the novels The Reluctant Fundamentalist by Mohsin Hamid and Lucy by
Jamaica Kincaid, the authors address this idea. Both Hamid and Kincaid utilize interactions between
wealthy Americans and immigrants to demonstrate how wealthy American's arrogance or ignorance
alienates non–Americans. Whereas Hamid uses Changez primarily focus on the effects of
arrogance, Kincaid uses Lucy as a critical observer of the effects of ignorance.
In Hamid's novel, Changez, a hopeful, educated, upper middle class Pakistani man encounters with
wealthy, entitled Americans causes him to feel isolated and alters his perception of America.
Changez first experiences American's sense of privilege when he visits Greece. Changez 's friends
easily blow money on vacationing delights, "thinking nothing" (Hamid 21) of the cost of their
excursions. Changez finds himself acting like he is more well–endowed than he is, in order to not be
looked down upon by his peers. Yet, as he does this he is ashamed and

The Culture Of Liberty, And Kanishka Chowdhury And The...
Cosmopolitan fiction, the most prominent strand of contemporary global Anglophone literature,
gives us images of the "solution" to the violent history of colonization in a new era of a post–
national cosmopolitan global culture brought about by "globalization". In this purportedly new
global era of a "hybrid" mixing of national cultures, the very idea of a "national identity" is deemed
irrelevant in what Thomas Friedman calls "a flat world." Some noteworthy cosmopolitan ideas can
be seen in Bharati Mukherji's "Orbiting," in that the short story can be read as advocating a
cosmopolitan world view. This, however, directly clashes with the ideas of globalization presented
in Mario Vargas Llosa's "The Culture of Liberty," and Kanishka Chowdhury's Globalization and the
ideologies of Postnationalism and Hybridity." Accordingly, Rana Dasgupta's "The House of the
Frankfurt Mapmaker" and The Reluctant Fundamentalist, by Moshin Hamid, critically challenge the
cosmopolitan outlook as questionable fiction. Cosmopolitanism is the idea that everyone belongs to
a worldwide community, that there is a hybridization amongst people that serves as a uniting factor
and is almost synonymous with multiculturalism. This notion has been brought about by capitalists
and the elites of society, who prefer a world without borders, which, in turn, enables unrestricted
access to a plethora of markets and resources. Coincidentally, this only furthers to empower the
World Bank and the IMF, two of the

The Reluctant Fundamentalist is an eye–opening novel by the Pakistani writer Mohsin Hamid. This
first person written novel will draw you in from the very beginning. The book opens in a cafe in
Lahore, Changez, the main character's hometown. In this cafe is where Changez approaches a
western man, who is obviously a foreigner. Changez seems to be very comfortable with the stranger
right from the very beginning. However, on the other hand the stranger is understandably quite
anxious during their conversation over warm tea in the cafe.
From the start of the conversation we start to learn about who Changez is. We find out that he is a
well educated young man who went to the states, from Pakistan, for an ivy education. After earning
his degree Changez went to go work for a very successful company in New York as a financial
consultant. We also learn about the struggle Changez faces after 9/11 as a Pakistani man, as well as
his very messy and unhealthy relationship he has with an American woman, Erica.
As Changez's story unfolds throughout the book, the theme of Americanization reoccurs through
clever ambiguities that the book is full of. This novel perfectly shows many "American ideals" that
Changez is striving for. Some of those being being financially secure, having a great education, and
having a steady relationship with a beautiful woman. In The Reluctant Fundamentalist Changez, in
my opinion, finds his American self. That is until the tragedy of 9/11 happens.
Before 9/11

The American Dream By Chimamanda Ngozi Adichie And Mohsin...
The concept of the American Dream is the fundamental principle on which the United States of
America is based upon. America is romanticized as a place where ideals of individuality, democracy,
freedom and equality are encouraged. This is how America presents itself to the world and in turn,
this is how much of the world views the United States – a country brimming with opportunity and
those willing to work hard will no doubt achieve prosperity, success and happiness. It 's no surprise
then that America has the largest immigrant population in the world. Those migrating to the United
States often have exaggerated expectations of the country, no doubt on account of America 's
wealth, positioning as the world 's leading superpower and ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net
...
Upon her arrival to the states, however, it became apparent that such claims were exaggerated and if
anything, her status had diminished. In Nigeria Ifemelu had not yet been subject to the concept of
race, evidenced by her statement "I came from a country where race was not an issue; I did not think
of myself as black and I only became black when I came to America." (Adichie 359) She was of
course aware of colorism amongst her people – some believing that possessing lighter skin
somehow made them superior, but in America race was everything! Race determined your social
status, the neighborhood you lived in, the opportunities available to you, your chances of success
and how difficult the life would be. And in America, being black was considered the lowest in the
hierarchy. Ifemelu would also learn that being a "non–American" black would form a bridge
between her and so called black Americans.
The Reluctant Fundamentalist chronicles the story of Changez, a relatively successful Pakistani
immigrant. Changez has just graduated from Princeton, one of the most prestigious universities in
the nation and lands a successful job at a reputable financial firm as an analyst. On the surface, it
would appear that Changez has achieved the American Dream. However, following the unfortunate
events of September 11th, 2001, the sociopolitical landscape of the United States shifted and had a

The Reluctant Fundamentalist Essay
Fundamentalism is a strict adherence to a set of ideas or beliefs that are conservative in nature. It is
a pejorative term usually associated with religious fanaticism. Usually, this is what comes to mind
when there is mention of a fundamentalist. However, in Mohsin Hamid's The Reluctant
Fundamentalist starring the protagonist Changez, a Pakistani Princetonian who is a top–ranked
employee at a prestigious New York valuation firm, turns out not to be an Islamic fundamentalist,
but a reluctant fundamentalist of US Capitalism. Hamid challenges readers to reevaluate their
preconceived notions and prejudices of people different from themselves in post 9/11 America by
employing the use of motifs, aphorism, and suspense, to create a conflation ... Show more content
on Helpwriting.net ...
Hamid, through his choice of names, brilliantly doubles his characters as motifs. All the significant
characters have a symbolic identity and thus, he is simultaneously telling two stories, but not in the
traditional sense expected of a frame story, for this is not a story within a story, but rather, a story
behind a story. The frame takes Changez back to the past, but when he finishes retelling the past, the
frame is no more and the reader is back in the present. Therefore, when the past is put in conjunction
with the happenings in the cafe, only one story is being told. The second story is conveyed through
the interaction of the motifs and requires a little intuition (not that much) on the reader's part to
decipher its meaning. In using the motifs to convey a variety of messages, the relationship between
Changez and Erica is especially saturated with clues of their secret identities. Erica had only one
previous lover, Chris, her childhood sweetheart who died of cancer in late adolescence and whom
she is never able to let go. Initially, she was severely depressed but eventually recovered from the
ordeal. However, as Erica's intimacy with Changez grows, so does her feeling of nostalgia. The
September 11 attacks triggers a relapse in Erica and she becomes more and more obsessed with
Chris. She rejects Changez physically and is only able to have sex with him when they pretend

Essay about Why Is Changez Unable to Become an American?
In the monologue, 'The Reluctant Fundamentalist', written by Mohsin Hamid, the protagonist is
Changez, a Pakistani moves to America to pursue his Princeton degree, traces his journey of his
adaption to American society, including his college life, his job at Underwood Samson, and his
connection to an American girl. The assertion that "I was, in four and a half years, never an
American; I was immediately a New Yorker" is not a valid point because he begins with defining
himself as an American at the start. Whereas after the devastating effects of 9/11, and in
consequence how Muslims were treated, Changez see's the seeds of resentment on the surface, and
becomes more patriotic towards Lahore. Likewise, his egocentricity starts to resonate as ... Show
more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Changez starts to show his smug sense of power, and flaunts his new American Identity after
securing his job at Underwood Samson, with the credit card that comes with it. His smugness is
ironically undercut when the Pak Punjab Deli doesn't recognize his American Express card. For the
first time since he moved to America, Changez finally felt accepted and at home as he had gained
his 'new' identity.
We start to notice Changez becoming more comfortable with his new Western identity, when
exposed to the corporate ideals. As Changez further develops his relationship with Erica, she
becomes his guide into the chic heart of New York. "I realised I was being ushered into an insider's
world – the chic heart of the city – to which I would otherwise have no access." He begins to feel as
though he is invincible, consolidated in his belief "my Princeton degree and Underwood Samson
business card were invariably sufficient to earn me a respectful nod of approval." Changez believes
he is immune to scrutiny, and this shows a dangerous sense of naivety. He believes he can conquer
the suspicions with the armour of his success. A narcissistic trait surfaces as he gets more
comfortable with his new American identity, and begins to take no

Atmosphere and Suspense in The Reluctant Fundamentalist...
How does Mohsin Hamid use ominous details and imagery to enhance the atmosphere and create
suspense in The Reluctant Fundamentalist? The Reluctant Fundamentalist written by Mohsin
Hamid, tells the story of a young Pakistani named Changez, who arrived at Princeton at the
vulnerable age of 18. Four years later he graduated "without having received a single B"(4), and
began working at the elite valuation firm Underwood Samson. Changez was, in the beginning,
infatuated with the idea of the American Dream, but at length he realized that the new life he had
adopted in New York constituted a betrayal of his deepest self, and finally returned home. However,
although Changez's story took place in American, the plot was actually set in Lahore, ... Show more
content on Helpwriting.net ...
However, although readers are informed in detail of Changez's life in New York, little is said about
the American stranger to whom the monologue is depicted. The lack of detail regarding the stranger,
yet the various indications that something is slightly abnormal about him makes for an ominous and
suspenseful atmosphere. "You prefer that seat, with your back so close to the wall?...And will you
not remove your jacket?" (2), are among the first words exchanged between Changez and the
American. Although it is teatime in Lahore was not yet dark, Hamid wastes no time in engulfing the
stranger in a shroud of mystery. The quotation slightly implies that the man has ensconced a gun
within his jacket, and therefore wishes to leave it on as not to reveal it to Changez. As Changez
begins telling the stranger his story, the waiter comes to take their order. Changez then remarks
"You seem worried. Do not be; this burly fellow is merely our waiter, and there is no need to reach
under your jacket." (6). Even though Changez was, or pretended to be, oblivious to this gesture,
brushing it off by stating "I assume to grasp your wallet"(6), the uncertain and uneasy atmosphere
which Hamid has now created continues to linger throughout the rest of novel. As Changez
vivaciously launches into his story, the waiter comes with the cups of tea and readers are again made
aware of the novels

Lover or Foe
In The Reluctant Fundamentalist by Moshin Hamid, The main character Changez experiences life
both as an American and as a Pakistani. The setting take place in a restaurant in Lahore and Changez
is talking to a stranger to our knowledge about his endeavors in America. Changez is in America,
and finds himself becoming more and more fond of the American lifestyle and even meets a girl
named Erica who he first thinks is the love of his life. Fast forwarding into the future Changez's job
is not all as great as he thinks and America in general is not the dream he thought he had been
living, Changez soon figures this out after his relationship with Erica becomes a total bust and his
job isn't the amazing job he thought it was, and he soon feels like a slave to America and the
American ways of life. He ends up returning to Lahore back home and becomes a professor at a
university, and is an advocate to disengagement from America to Lahore. Within this novel Hamid
shapes the protagonist, Changez, as someone who is sincerely both a lover and critic of America.
Changez truly does love America, at least in the beginning, because it was like his relationship with
Erica: you first meet a person and you like what you see, and you get to know that person and start
developing feelings and enjoy being with that person, like he did being in America, but when he
started finding out bad things or things she was doing he did not like, like he did when he found out
America was bombing near his country. When Changez found this out he felt in a sense betrayed. It
doesn't mean that he doesn't love America anymore, but he was simply unaware and now that he's
aware he became a critic as well as a lover. There are many people who travel to America under the
impression that they will be "Living the American Dream" and before see nothing but love for
America. That is exactly what we seen happen with Changez when he first came to America and we
see his love for it grow. Changez at one point is embarrassed to admit he is actually from Pakistan
when he started working for a huge American company by saying, "To be reminded of this vast
disparity was, for me, to be ashamed. But not on that day. On that day, I did not think of

You Dont Mess With The Zohan Cohesiveness
Cohesiveness in You Don't Mess With the Zohan Devir Bitton Ms. Burke January 16, 2015 English
11 In You Don't Mess With the Zohan, a young Israeli has decided to leave his successful career as
an elite soldier in the Israeli army, and come to America to follow his true dream to cut and style
hair. Little does the Zohan know what will happen while he is America, following his true passion.
Throughout the movie a rich investor tries to buy out all the Israeli's and Arab's stores so he can
demolish them and build a mall. Neither the Israelis nor the Arabs are willing to sell, so the investor
comes to desperate measures in trying to get them to sell. The Zohan is caught in the middle of
everything and decides to fight back. The ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
The smaller group's cohesiveness is stronger when they are threatened. Coercion is the use of force
in order to get someone to do something. The use of coercion happens when the smaller group does
not want to do what the outside group or person wants them to do. Their cohesiveness is increased
because they are under an outside threat. The outside threat is the coercion that someone is
threatening them with. Since they are working together fighting against the threat of coercion it
brings the group closer and helps their cohesiveness become stronger. This idea of groups coming
together and their cohesiveness getting stronger is exemplified in the film You Don't Mess With the

Essay on Recognizing the Armenian Genocide
The Armenian Genocide, also known as the Armenian Holocaust, was the organized killing of
Armenians. While there is no clear agreement on how many Armenians lost their lives, there is
general agreement among Western scholars that over a million Armenians may have perished
between 1914 and 1918. It all happened during the Ottoman Empire, present–day Turkey, where 2
million Armenians lived. The Armenian Genocide is the second–most studied massacre, after the
Holocaust. To date Twenty–two countries have officially recognized what happened as genocide,
but Turkey to this day rejects the events as genocide. One starts to wonder what could cause such
hatred to commit such a heinous crime, and then go to great lengths to deny the fact that it ... Show
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However, in 1913, an ultra–nationalist group within the movement seized control of the group. This
faction was comprised of men who believed in creating a pure Turkish country that excluded non–
Muslim and non–Turkish people like the Christian Armenians (FACT SHEET). Two of head people
of CUP (Committee for Union and Progress) would later be responsible for initiating the mass
murder. They were Talat Pasha, and Jamal Pasha. Talat Pasha, also known as Mehmed Talat, was the
minister of interior affairs and Jamal Pasha was the Military Governor of Syria. These leaders
became close friends with Germany which in turn supplied the Turks with military support and
training and in 1914, the Ottoman Empire aligned itself with Germany and the central powers in
World War I. As the war raged on, and the Turks fought the Christian Russians, they began to worry
about the Armenians. They were worried that the Armenians would turn on them and fight on the
"enemy's" side. Therefore CUP decided the best thing to do is eliminate the race, wipe them off the
face of the earth. The start of the genocide started early in the year of 1915. The Turkish government
starts to poke at an Armenian massacre by publicly accusing and punishing Armenian bakers on an
obviously false charge of poisoning their bread (Genocide). By this time the Turks have also
disarmed most of the Armenians that are/were serving in the military (FACT SHEET). April 24th
1915,

Analysis Of Mohsin Hamid 's The Reluctant Fundamentalist
Mohsin Hamid's The Reluctant Fundamentalist provides an insight of the September 11th terrorist
attacks on America and America's reaction from the view of a man, Changez, who is Pakistani but
living in America. His view of America is represented through the character of Erica who embodies
both the most positive and the most negative aspects of American pre– and post–9/11. Her
acceptance of Changez is overwhelming at first, embracing and reveling in his diversity. Yet, after
the attacks, she is unable to forget her relationship with her deceased boyfriend, Chris, turning away
from those around her into isolation. This overwhelming nostalgia proves to be Erica's demise. This
paper will assert that much like Erica, America suffered from its' own nostalgia after the events on
9/11. Changing from a time of embraced multiculturalism, America longs to return to a simpler,
more Christian time. At times this means isolating itself from the world as it clings to American
exceptionalism. Its own isolation and nostalgia proves destructive to its beauty and light. Still, I will
further argue that not just America's nostalgia is problematic. The narrator himself clings to the past
greatness of Pakistan, one that makes him bitter and resentful about international relations today.
Hamid's The Reluctant Fundamentalist explores the ways in which America became nostalgic in the
9/11 aftermath and how this nostalgia became problematic; still, it is hypocritical in accusation as

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