Elements Of Critical Thinking

Elements Of Critical Thinking
One of the specific feature of critical thinking that I would like to talk about is keep an open mind. I
seem to have a big problem with this one myself. I never keep an open mind when it comes to
thinking because over the years I felt that my way or decision making would be the right one
without the input of others. I have learned the hard way that listening to others turned out to be a
good thing because their insight on things would make others make a better decision for themselves
or even myself. Open–mindedness is characterized by being receptive to other views and having the
willingness to change views with new facts and evidence. Open–mindedness increases intellectual
capabilities by allowing for new experiences and perspectives. A narrow
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Spiritan Pedagogy: High Standard Expectations In The...
One theme I chose from the Spiritan pedagogy is high academic standards. It is important all
students work their hardest and understand all material to the best of their ability. High standards in
the classroom would prepare students to live in the competitive world outside of school. It would
not be right or fair if students didn't have high standards. This would limit their work ethic, along
with limiting their full potential if they are not pushed to do better. As teachers, it is important to get
students ready for after high school. Any job that a student will get, their boss expects them to do
their best, since they would have high standards for their employees. Why should this be different in
the classroom? High standard expectations ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Questioning can get there thinking beyond the comprehension level. Students should evaluate and
analyze what they are learning instead of just remembering or understanding. Assignments would be
given that encourage them to be creative, whether that is creative writing or making something that
has to do with the concept of the lesson. The world around us is all about technology, I want
students to continue this skills in the classroom. In English, it is thought that there is no need for
technology that you only read books and write papers. This is not true, there are multiple ways that
students can use different programs that will emphasize what they learn and help them become well
rounded. When students start to have assignment that are all higher level thinking, this knowledge
will have them meet higher standards. If teacher give low standard assessments such as, answering
closed ended questions or only testing basic easily memorized knowledge, this isn't a high standard
to set. Teachers need to get them to work together in groups, create projects, use technology, or have
them teach a proportion of a lesson, etc. to have these students go beyond expectations. High
standards in the classroom welcome more competitive thinking and higher order strategies. As a
teacher I want to give my students the opportunity to work their hardest and expand their thinking to
meet these

Blooms Taxonomy
Implementing Bloom's Taxonomy into instructional planning in lieu of high–stakes standardized
testing can build students' cognitive development Theory can inform and guide practice to allow
individuals to strengthen and/or reinforce certain areas of study. With the case of high–stakes
standardized tests, students are being taught at lower levels of cognition, thus impacting their
cognitive development for application in furthering education and career readiness. Given that
education plays a significant role in social status and economic prosperity, school should prepare
students with skills to be able to prosper and become successful. This paper will discuss how
Bloom's Taxonomy can inform educational practice to enhance higher order cognition ... Show more
content on Helpwriting.net ...
Education is an essential indicator of success in the 21st century, students need to be acquiring skills
that prepare them for the demands of the real world. Despite the mandating of high–stakes
standardized tests, teachers can align their goals with higher order thinking to develop students'
cognition, problem solving abilities, and critical thinking initiatives. Cognitive development is a
crucial element of a student's success, which can be enhanced through metacognitive awareness.
Implementation of Bloom's taxonomy into instructional planning can guide educational practice
such that students develop a range of cognitive skills. Essentially, the main goal of education is to
prepare students for success in the real

Using Technology Into Your Classroom
Creating a WebQuest
In many classrooms today, the use of technology is becoming more popular in the classrooms. Many
teachers are incorporating the use of technology into their lessons and methods of teaching. One
way to introduce technology into your classroom is to create a WebQuest.
What is a WebQuest you may ask? Well, a WebQuest is an inquiry–base lesson format where
students take information they are given and create new information to make meaningful projects
that they can present in different ways. In other words, students go on a quest using the web to find
answers to the questions given or complete a task, learning more on the subject while doing so.
Why use a WebQuest
A WebQuest is an interactive way to get students involved in the lesson, promotes higher level
thinking, and gets students more familiar with different aspects of the Internet. So, whether you are
an education student new to the topic or an experienced teacher educator looking for new methods
involving technology, learning how to make a WebQuest is a useful tool to have.
A few tips before beginning.
1. Become familiar with resources available online.
2. Find topics that fit within the curriculum and which there are materials online. It makes sense to
choose a project that couldn 't be done as well without web access.
3. Choose a template that fits the subject and classroom. Pre–made templates can be found online, or
one can be created in Word, Powerpoint, even Excel. Keep in mind of what

Adler's Theory Of Birth Order
Introduction
Alfred Adler believed that one's order of birth influenced their personality. Adler was one of the first
of many psychologist to conjure up a theory about how one's position , in terms of birth order
effected a person's personality traits. Adler made his discoveries by undergoing several studies that
were used to help him identify patterns for particular within each specific birth order position, which
included those who were only children and those who had siblings. Through his own research he
was also able to emphasize how each individual has a self–perceived place in their family. All in all,
Alfred Adler believed that one's birth order had a direct correlation with their developing personality
traits. Aside from the ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
in correlation to the personality traits that are being developed during the adolescent stage, birth
order plays a major role on the personality traits that are developing amongst each adolescent
individual. Many studies have been performed to solidify the correlation between how birth order
can significantly influence the personality traits of adolescents.
Take for instance the Beer and Horn (2000) study which focused on how the effects of an adopted
family compares to those of an adolescent who are products of biological birth order, but affected by
rearing order, raising up and caring for a child until they are fully grown. Usually, when a family
adopts a child the biological firstborn is more likely to be raised with older siblings. Beer and Horn's
(2000) study called for there to be data used from two separate adoptive families. Beer and Horn's
(2000) data was collected from two adoptive family studies that had previously taken place. The two
studies that reflected the data gathered by Beer and Horn (2000) were the Texas Adoption Project
(TAP) and the Colorado Adoption Project (CAP). In both studies, the adopted child was labelled as
the first–reared adopted adolescent child or later–reared adopted adolescent child and each study
was undergone between– and within–family analyses. In a between–family analysis the adolescents
of the same birth order position were placed in one group and then were compared to another group
of adolescents who possessed a

Essay on Critical Thinking
The concepts of critical thinking and creative thinking are both gaining increasing importance in the
world today. Critical thinking allows people to understand difficult concepts in a manner that is
clearer and more defined. They can more readily understand those concepts if they employ critical
thinking. In all portions of everyday life, a person is expected to make independent judgments.
Those judgments are based on experience and knowledge. Without the ability to think critically,
every situation that a person comes across would have to be considered in isolation from all other
situations. When a person encounters a problem that is a new one, he or she may be able to use
critical thinking to solve those problems. One ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Critical thinking also helps in decision–making. Both problem solving and decision–making abilities
are vital to a prosperous business. Persons who are critical thinkers can make a difference in the
companies in which they are employed. Today?s corporations must first recognize that there is a real
need for critical thinkers. It is important for both the top management down the line. Critical
thinking must be taught and built in to the way the company or organization performs its business.
In fact, companies and organizations must embrace the concept of critical thinking. Critical thinking
can lead to success story after success story. This type of impact gives any company or organization
credibility. According to Supon, one of the fundamental purposes of teaching critical thinking is to
enhance the abilities of students to become critical thinkers. Corporate leaders, educational
researchers, employers, and parents have continually pushed teachers to assist their students in the
development of critical thinking ability. Critical thinking is a skill that ?involved not only
knowledge of content by also concept formation and analysis, reasoning and drawing conclusions,
recognizing and avoiding contradiction, and other essential cognitive activities? (Supon, 1998).
There are proposed reasons for the emphasis that is currently on critical thinking. Many factors can
be related to this emphasis. They include the societal factors of economic shifts

What Is Eight Key Qualities That Exceptional Teachers?
John Hattie as cited by Drew (2011) identifies eight key qualities that exceptional teachers possess,
including; "student initiated learning, empathy, warmth, encouragement of higher–order thinking,
encouraging learning, adapting to differences, genuineness, and learner–centered beliefs" (p.86). In
comparison when identifying my own strengths as a teacher, I believe I am a warm, genuine teacher
who possesses strong adaptation and empathy skills and a belief in learner–centered education.
However, my cyber–setting does not always allow me to portray these characteristics. Additionally, I
understand that in order to be a top–notch teacher, I need to encourage higher–order thinking skills
and student initiated activities. Moreover, I need to help Agora to strive for a more STEM–based
environment, as well as, eliminated my own biases while improving on my teaching abilities. When
considering Agora's current STEM practices, I would identify the setting as emerging in its
understanding of what STEM truly entails. Rigor and high–order learning are encouraged by
administration and are essential elements in our lesson plans. Teachers have received professional
development on Norm Webb's Depth of Knowledge, an essential tool that can move students beyond
basic recall of facts to analyzing and synthesizing information (Aungst, 2014). However,
instructional time is not designated within our teaching scope and sequence to adequately promote
higher–order thinking. Many of the

Summary Of Focus Of Dimension
Focus of dimension: Measures the teacher's use of instructional discussions and activities to promote
students' higher–order thinking skills and cognition and the teacher's focus on understanding rather
than on tote instruction. Summary of strengths: Analysis and reasoning: During the observation,
there were several instances of the teachers asking children how/why questions in order to promote
higher order thinking skills. For example, teachers were observed asking, "why is she going to the
garden" in order to promote higher order thinking skills. A few questions to encourage children to
make predictions were asked during choice time. Teachers asked, "How many fish do you think will
fit in the bowl?" as a way to encourage children to generate predictions. When teachers consistently
us strategies such as prediction, experimentation, comparison, and how/why questions they
encourage the children to think more deeply about concepts and ideas. Creating: There were several
observed moments of a teacher asking the children questions that encourage them to be creative and
generate their own ideas. For example, a teacher asked, "what do we need to make a plane?" and
"what else can we do with a fishing pole?", and "what does a brain do?" as a way to encourage the
children to think about and share ideas during a lesson. Integration: There were a few instances of
teachers linking concepts previously learned with current activities, such as, "Remember when we
did the color by

Buddy System Essay
34) "Buddy System"
Learners are buddies with another learner either slightly or more experienced. The two work
together regularly to a project which will go on display at a specific time (i.e. exhibition, science
fair.) Buddies also assist each other on homework or on checking up with each other that homework
has been completed. In the end, neither buddy can take the summative assessment until the other
buddy says the first buddy is ready. This technique improves learning because the buddies
encourage each other to succeed.
35) "Field Trips"
Field trips offer the opportunity for internalize material the be externalized, applied, and sometimes
evaluated. On a field trip, designed to apply learned skills, the learner is given opportunity to apply
by practice comprehension skills, conversational skills, and vocabulary skills.
Sample Field Trips: Natural Hispanic Cultural Center; Hispanic (Target Language) Markets; Target
language classrooms in other schools; a tour given in the target language (i.e. at the zoo.)
36) Guest Speakers/Guest Teachers ("Guest Teachers")
Including fellow teachers or guest speakers to teach on a specific topic regarding the target
language, or to teach on their own topic in the target language improves learning by providing
opportunity for learners to apply internalized material. Guest speakers/Guest teachers provide
variety in classroom lecture or instruction which increases learner interest level. Increasing interest
levels within the classroom

Analysis Of Bloom 's Original Cognitive Process
A group of educators collaborated to develop classifications of learning objectives for the purpose of
creating lessons and the evaluations to accompany them. They constructed objectives to reveal what
students would be able to perform according to the education and organized them in relation to their
level of difficulty. The outcome is extensively recognized as Bloom's taxonomy. However, there are
adaptations that have drawn from Bloom and his colleagues' efforts such as those from Anderson,
one of Bloom's former students, as well as Stiggins (O'Donnell, Reeve & Smith, 2012). In Bloom's
original cognitive process there are six thinking skills and abilities that comprise of knowledge,
comprehension, application, analysis, evaluation, and synthesis. In Bloom's revised taxonomy,
modifications were made to the original version to deal with the drawbacks found in the previous
version. The improved framework now distinguishes from "knowing what" and "knowing how" or
the matter of thinking and the process utilized in problem–solving (Anderson & Krathwohl, 2001).
Anderson and his associates assert "meaningful learning presents students with the knowledge and
cognitive means required for solving problems" (Anderson & Krathwohl, 2001). The revised version
adapted by Anderson and Krathwohl consists of remembering, understanding, applying, analysis,
evaluation, and creating (O'Donnell, Reeve & Smith, 2012). By utilizing these as an outline in
creating questions and assignments for

Why Is Algebra Important
Algebra
When I decided to return to school to get my degree I did not think that much about which courses I
would be required to take. I knew there were basic classes such as English, Science, History and
Math, and then the courses that would be required for my degree. I knew I would be taking Algebra
at some point but was not expecting it to be so early on. I am not sure I see a lot of need for Algebra
itself in Human Resources, but I do know that I need it to graduate. I do not feel I am being forced
to take Algebra, it is just another required course, like Intro to Computers, or Student Success, or
English. Math has never been my favorite subject, but more out of fear of not being able to figure all
the problems out, than just a general dislike for the subject.
When I hear the term liberal arts, I think of general education classes not degree specific classes. A
liberal arts degree gives students an education in all the major areas of study such as History,
English, Math, Science and the Arts. Students with degrees in the liberal arts can find employment
in a lot of job fields, as they are educated in various areas. STEM, or Science, Technology,
Engineering and Math degrees and programs are popular today with the rise of ... Show more
Students attending universities and colleges are receiving a higher education. I believe the purpose
of higher education can vary based on the students needs or what they are hoping to achieve. For
some, a higher education degree is required for their choice of profession, such as a teacher or a
nurse. For others, a higher education degree is needed to help further them in a specific career field,
such as the dairy manager of a grocery store earning his Bachelor of Business Administration to one
day be the Store or Regional Manager. And others, such as myself, earn a higher education degree to
help with a career change or even for a feeling of personal

The Importance Of Critical Thinking From Affecting School...
The importance for an individual to be able to think critically has become a hot topic within recent
years. Many adults are entering the workforce and are unable to complete aspects of their jobs that
require them to think critically. Many are products of an education system that consisted of multiple
choice assessments that only required them to recall the information, not to evaluate and synthesize
it. Initiatives have been put in place to prevent this lack of critical thinking from affecting school
aged children. More recently these initiatives have moved into higher education as well.
Critical thinking is defined in many different ways. Like many other researchers in the field of
critical thinking Halpern (1993) argues that there is little agreement on the definition of critical
thinking. However, she believes that overlap in various definition of the concept does exist. One of
the main themes throughout the multiple definitions is that critical thinking is a higher order
cognitive skill. This means that more information is needed to solve the problem or answer a
question than just basic recall information or lower order thinking. Halpern (1998) describes higher
order skills as being relatively complex in nature. Higher order skills require judgment, analysis, and
synthesis. They are not applied in a rote or mechanical manner. This type of thinking is thinking that
is reflective, sensitive to the context, and self–monitored.
Moore (2011) acknowledges that a debate

Reflection Papers On Bloom's Taxonomy
REFLECTION JOURNAL 1
ASSUMPTIONS ON BLOOM'S AND LEARNING
DEANNA SHELOW
AMERICAN COLLEGE OF EDUCATION
ED5253
ANN MOWERY, Ed.D.
OCTOBER 9, 217
"What any person in the world can learn almost all persons can learn if provided with appropriate
prior and current conditions of learning" (Bloom, 2017). This belief was held by Dr. Bloom in 1956
when he and his team created Bloom's Taxonomy. Since then educators have been utilizing these
"goals of the learning process" (Clark, 2015) and making assumptions of its usage and implications.
I too did have assumptions but have not thought about how I developed them or how they would
affect my use of the taxonomy. When starting this reflection I held three assumptions true about
Bloom's Taxonomy. The first is if the educator uses Bloom's Taxonomy for planning through
assessment, then the student will develop higher order thinking skills. Secondly, a student can move
on to a higher order thinking level only if they first mastered a lower order thinking level. Thirdly, if
educations use different levels of Bloom's Taxonomy in lessons students will retain more
information. Interestingly, I uncovered two additional assumptions that I did not know I had. The
first of which is that the focus on cognitive development of Bloom's devalues importance of other
domains. The other is that Bloom's Taxonomy is used only by educators in K–12 and college. Here
are some things I understand about this subject that informed or changed

How Cooperative Learning Impacts Higher Order And Critical...
The challenge this researcher faces lies in the structure of a particular Accelerated Math II (10th
Grade) curriculum at Lucy C. Laney High School in Augusta, Georgia, in which all students
enrolled in the course have to be proficient in all areas of the curriculum. The researcher has
observed very little higher order/critical thinking and problem solving and low motivation/morale
which may impact student performance in the math course. After a year of intense coursework,
including real world application practice, and many short answer and multiple choice assessments,
students show minimum performance on an accelerated curriculum provided to them. This
challenges the instructional efforts of the teacher to increase the performance and promote higher
order thinking in the math class. Therefore the purpose for this study is to determine if cooperative
learning impacts higher order/critical thinking skills and student achievement. Review of the
Literature Cooperative learning is one of the best studied academic strategies in the history of
educational research, with over 1,000 research studies on the subject dating as far back as 1898
(Stanne, Johnson & Johnson, 1999). There are so many studies, in fact, that the most easily to get to
point of entry into the literature is meta–analyses of large numbers of studies. The most important
piece of information is that cooperative learning models have been established to have an obviously
positive impact on student achievement.

Critical Thinking Nursing
Why is critical thinking important in nursing? Critical thinking is the essential component and
foundation of the profession of nursing. Without one element of critical thinking, the nursing
process, we cannot begin to understand or move forward in this great business. RNs must bring with
them the skill of critical thinking to make wise decisions and collaborate on the change that will
have a positive impact on the future. Also, as the opening vignette shows, many schools have opted
to test critical thinking skills before students enter or exit the program (Harrington & Terry, 2009,
p.p. 212–213). How does critical thinking facilitate the use of the nursing process? By defining the
conditions under which sound and valid conclusions ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
These higher–order of thinking skills are involved in the ADN curriculum through four modes of
critical reflection: 1. problem solving (using the nursing process); 2. Reasoning and informal logic;
3. Reflection, challenging beliefs and imagining alternatives; and 4. Metacognition and self–
regulation. The sections explore each of these four modes of critical thinking and learning activities
within each mode that foster critical thinking. After reading and thinking about the nature of critical
thinking, you now have not only a greater understanding of the concept but also a greater
appreciation of the need for critical thinking in nursing. Nursing test includes questions on
knowledge, comprehension, application, and analysis, most test at the levels of analysis and
implementation (Harrington & Terry, 2009, p.p. 218–219). As nursing evolves, there is a need for
higher order in critical thinking which will involve more evidence base

Technological Progress Is A Significant Driving Force...
Technological progress is a significant driving force behind economic growth, citizen engagement
and job creation. Information and communication technologies (ICT), specifically, are restructuring
many aspects of the world's economies, governments and societies
(http://www.worldbank.org/en/topic/ict/overview, 2016). A quote from Justin Reich on MindShift
comes to mind via Kwout "One simple way of understanding our pedagogical theory of iPads is that
we don't want them to just become replacements for notebooks and textbooks, we want them to be
objects to think with. We want students using them to mess around with the world around them and
their courses of study." The National Research Council's Committee on Information Technology
Literacy (1999) included intellectual capabilities as being critical to technological fluency, citing
engagement in sustained reasoning and expecting the unexpected as two of the eight key elements
that enable students to plan, design, execute, and evaluate a solution. All of these are critical aspects
of higher–order thinking and rigorous thinking (Instructional Technology Department, 2016).
Higher–order thinking in the context of a fast–paced, knowledge–based society requires both
divergent and convergent thinking. Divergent thinking uses the creativity to play 'what if,'
establishing multiple scenarios and ideas to consider as hypotheses. Convergent thinking enables
students to use sound reasoning and common sense to analyze those possibilities

What Have Been The Political Responses Leading For Reading...
A. What have been the political responses leading to reading reform? Have they been effective?
During Reagan's presidency in the 1980's the Secretary of Education reported that education in the
United States was very poor. The publication of this report enhanced the publics concerns about
education. This was the beginning of the gradual process of making educational changes based on
research evidence instead of unproven and ineffective teaching practices.
In order to improve student learning and education in literacy, President Clinton led the Goals 2000:
Educate America Act. This act required any decisions concerning teaching literacy to be firmly
grounded with research evidence. She pushed the development of a nations–wide ... Show more
B. Why were the Common Core Standards developed?
The Common Core Standards were developed in order to create a clear and consistent message of
what students are expected to learn and know at the end of each grade level so educators and parents
will know what they need to do in order to help them prepare to be career and/or college ready.
C. Explain the goal of the CCSS and how they have shaped current educational thinking. The goal
of the Common Core State Standards is to prepare students for college and work expectations and
help them compete and succeed in a global economy and society. Furthermore, this policy has
shaped current educational thinking by providing established learning standards with rigorous
content and application of higher knowledge through higher order thinking skills.
D. Discuss how the CCSS were reverse–engineered and set higher standards for students.
The Common Core State Standards are reverse engineered because they begin with the end in mind
meaning the creators started with what is expected of college and career ready high school seniors
and built the standards down from there. The creators of the standards seemed to have followed the
recommendations in a book called, Seven Habits of Highly Effective People that was written by
Steven Covey. They have set higher standards for students because the content knowledge requires
the students to

Planet Earth-Carbon Cycle
PHS is in the implementing phase of principle 2.6. Inquiry, problem–solving, and higher order
thinking skills require learners to engage in questioning and analysis through activities that prioritize
deep understanding, creativity, making connections, understanding relationships, and dispositions
such as independence, flexible thinking, and persistence and assessment experiences that are
cognitively challenging and require learners to develop and exercise a full–range of thinking skills
and learning dispositions.
Inquiry, problem–solving, and higher order thinking skills require learners to engage in questioning,
analysis, and understanding impacts. Evidence of this is seen in:
Planet Earth – Carbon Cycle: – Students use inquiry and ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net
...
When surveyed, 100% of faculty responded favorably when asked if they emphasize higher order
thinking skills, not just learning the facts. When students were asked the same question, over 92% of
students responded favorably. Evidence of this is seen in:
AP Environmental Science–Acid Rain Labs: Students were tasked with growing plants then using
various concentrations of acidic water to gather qualitative data on plant growth and development in
the presence of various acidic water mixtures over the course of two weeks. They then compared the
Range of Tolerance of the plants to the local pH of rainwater to determine the expected impact on
plants on the local level, as well as in other parts of the world.
ECE Drawing 1 – Landscape Illustration: Students created a rendering of an outdoor landscape
located on the property of PHS. Students capture a specific point of view and recorded and depicted
detail as accurately and intensely as possible. This was done through synthesizing background
knowledge of value, proportion, line, shape, form and

Developing Strong Academic Study Skills
Developing strong academic study skills in Higher Education is arguably the most important area of
learning and development a student can cultivate, in order to achieve academic success. The skills
that are acquired, the learning techniques that a student refines and life learning experiences are all
going to develop into long–term career prospects and future career enhancement. Some of the key
areas for development and discussion in this essay will include note taking/essay writing, critical
thinking and analysing questions and reflective thinking skills.
A major area for development and improvement revolves around effective note taking and essay
planning/writing. As a Higher Education student you will be required to plan and produce countless
essays in relation to the course you are studying, and a key point of reference to help with this would
come from "The Guide to Learning and Study Skills for Higher Education and at Work" who give
the following advice and tips: 'Identify the purpose of the essay and who the audience (reader) is and
what is required for both – structure your work and develop your arguments/main points – proof
read your work and improve language, spelling, punctuation, grammar and style – review what you
did and use feedback to improve your essay writing for the future' (Bingham, R. and Drew, S. 2012
The guide to learning and study skills: For higher Education and at work).
With regards to effective note taking in Higher Education, a key starting point

What Is Bloom's Taxonomy?
In the publication by Gettinger and Lyon (1985) the use of Bloom's Taxonomy was considered.
They reported that within schools the most common activities and tasks that occurred were those
that required recall of knowledge, comprehension and application. Tienken, C.H. et al (2010)
reported similar findings, in that the types of questions asked by teachers in their study were what
they termed reproductive; those questions that required recall, comprehension and application, the
lower orders of Bloom's taxonomy. When I read the findings of the above papers, I wondered
whether it was true that questions to promote higher order thinking skills, are lacking. After reading
the work of Marimuthu, Michael, Muthusamy, & Veeravagu, (2010) it became apparent ... Show
more content on Helpwriting.net ...
By using open–ended questioning, children are being asked to evoke their imagination and think
hard about the answer. Open–ended questioning also encourages children to form their own opinion.
Teachers that use open–ended questions are giving children the confidence to think for themselves,
offer an opinion to the class and develop thinking skills of developing personal opinions. In this
form of questioning there is no right or wrong answer. By using this strategy the teacher is
developing a confidence within

Discussion Board 8: Higher-Level Thinking In The Classroom
Discussion Board 8 TED–2751 1) Personally, I think higher–level thinking is going to happen in the
classroom whether we as the teachers set this up or not. For example, if a child entered the dramatic
play center and dressed up as a doctor, they may just do a quick check on their patients like they've
seen their pediatricians conduct on them. This child may act on his or her own higher–level thinking
by pretending to measure teaspoons of liquids to give to their patients and write prescription refills.
This would be the child performing higher–level thinking on their own. Now, for higher–level
thinking by teacher modeling, I feel that this method of thinking must be guided and practiced for
the children to conduct it. This mostly occurs throughout ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net
...
For example, an 8–year–old boy in 3rd grade is starting to learn how to multiply by ones. He hears
from his teacher that any number multiplied by itself and one is always equal to that number as such
as "1 multiplied by 4." On Friday, he takes a test and receives an A grade for his master and
comprehension of understanding on this week's lesson. Next week, his class learns how to multiply
by 2. His teacher tells his class that multiplying 2 is the same as doubling or repeating. He learned
that "4 multiplied by 2" is the same as "4 plus 4" because all he had to do was double the fours. The
boy catches on and learns that multiplication is the same thing as repeated addition. With this
understanding, he has conducted higher–level thinking. You are just simply adding the number as
many times as you can to reach a certain answer. Higher–level thinking are stimulation experiences
that are necessary for a child's academic growth and do not always have to

Journal Article Analysis Essay example
Journal Article Analysis tgkoontz University of Phoenix
Abstract
A Week 3 assignment in the class, PHL/717 Constructing Meaning, required a philosophical
analysis of an article in the Journal of Psychology. The article investigated how the connection
between knowledge and learning influenced individuals to think about controversial everyday
issues. The analysis included identifying philosophical assumptions, explaining practical
significance and applicability, and relating assumptions and methodology to class readings.
Journal Article Analysis An article in the Journal of Psychology investigated how the connection
between knowledge and learning influenced individuals to think about controversial everyday
issues. ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
The scientific community has debated the methodology of the attainment of knowledge since
Aristotle. Social science, such as the study analyzed here, wants to develop a more engaged
relationship between knowledge and practice (Delanty & Strydom, 2003). Conceiving their study on
previous research done about the nature of knowledge and the nature of learning that influences
thinking, Schommer–Aikins and Hutter (2002) introduced an additional element of contemporary
controversial issues encountered in everyday life. Their research looked to populations outside of
academia to support their hypotheses. Generally, they were able to prove a relationship exists
between individual beliefs about knowledge and learning and the ability to demonstrate higher order
thinking. Education and critical thinking influence these beliefs (p. 16). The nature of knowledge
and learning beliefs influence thinking in everyday life.
Methodology
Kuhn (1996) describes a paradigm as the accepted norm of a science. The standards, rules, and
scientific tradition one follows in a particular area of scientific study comprise the paradigm.
Research, such as the one described here, "is a cumulative enterprise, eminently successful in its
aim, the steady extension of the scope and precision of scientific knowledge" (p. 52). The study
provided

The Idea For Bloom's Taxonomy
The idea for Bloom's Taxonomy was born in 1948 during an informal meeting at the American
Psychological Association Convention in Boston, by Benjamin S Bloom and a committee of over 30
leading educators. (Bloom, Engelhart, Furst, Hill & Krathwol, 1956 p. 4) Although the taxonomy is
general referred to as Bloom's Taxonomy, the work is considered a group product that came form
many revisions. (Bloom et al., 1956 p.9) The original work of Bloom's Taxonomy (OW) came in the
form of handbook, titled the Taxonomy of Educational Objectives: The Classification of Educational
Goals. The Taxonomy of Educational Objectives consisted of the cognitive, affective and
psychomotor domain. (Bloom et al., 1956 p. 7) The cognitive domain focused on sex level ... Show
(Bloom et al., 1956 p. 5) However, the committee agreed that since educational objectives can be
view in behavior form and behavior of individuals can be observed and measured, a classification
could be applied. (Bloom et al., 1956 p. 7) To fully understand the OW, it is important to define and
clarify the term taxonomy as it is used in the handbook. The term taxonomy refers to the
classification systems that have made the Taxonomy of Educational Objectives so popular in the
world of education today. (Seaman, 2011 p. 30) The classification system was intended to measure
the degree to which student learned and intend educational behavior. (Bloom et al., 1956 p. 12) The
committee likened its taxonomy system, to the classification of book in a library. (Bloom et al., 1956
p. 9) The OW classifications are; 1) Knowledge 2) Comprehension 3) Application 4) Analysis 5)
Synthesis and 6) Evaluation. (Bloom et al., 1956 p. 18) These six classifications comprise a tiered
learning system that teachers used to push students through when implementing an instructional
model based on the Taxonomy of Educational Objectives in the OW. Each classification level
presented a higher amount of rigor, which required students to think more critically. (McKay, 1956)
The OW of Bloom's taxonomy suggested that critical thinking and higher order skills are essential to
student development. Essentially, the OW was designed to provide teachers with a

Illuminati Speech Outline
Attention getter: Sometimes you keep thinking and thinking about who controls you, you might end
up thinking that there are your parents, then your king or president but in the end you realize that the
supreme power is the leading countries. Imagine that there is a higher power, one you never thought
of, higher than the leading countries. Preview: Today I'd like to talk to give you an introduction
about the illuminati and show you how real this organization is and that it controls each one of us.
Transition: I'll begin by telling you a little about the Illuminati II. BODY the Illuminati is a secret
organization of the most effective and powerful world class on the planet. Founded in 1776 by
Adam Weishupt, it was aiming to become the most powerful ... Show more content on
Helpwriting.net ...
Roosevelt – a Freemason – the $ 1 bill adopts its present appearance b. In the left part of the ticket
face a strange Egyptian pyramid , cut in two. At the base of this pyramid is inscribed the number
MDCCLXXVI or 1776. This is the year of the founding of the United States. But also of the order
of the Bavarian Illuminati ... c. At the top , the " eye radiating in all directions " represent " the eye
that spies on everything." d. Under the pyramid, the Latin phrase Novus Ordo Seclorum " explains
the nature of the enterprise: the meaning would be a New Social Order 'or a' new deal " or a "New
Deal" . Annuit Coeptis mean : " Our company [ conspiracy ] was successful ." 2– The Eisenhower
warning The plot also has its opponents. January 17, 1961, President Eisenhower, when leaving
office, made a speech warning the country against the power of the military–industrial lobby: " We
must be wary of unwarranted influence, whether sought or unsought , by the military–industrial
complex . The risk of a fatal increase in abuse of power exists and will persist . Never let the weight
of this complex endanger our liberties or our democracy.

The Common Core State Standards Essay
In 2009 the Common Core State Standards, or CCSS, was initiated, and since then has become a
large part of education today. News shows in multiple states have shown students protesting these
new standards by skipping classes and school all together. These actions obviously show their
refusal to work with the new standards. While there are many teachers who are happy with these
standards, students still need to be convinced, and teachers can help this by supporting Common
Core State Standards. This in turn may help students understand their subjects better, and give
teachers a more attentive and active class. With CCSS being present in 2016 in most states it is of
relevance to take it in to consideration that it will be around for a while. In years to come, CCSS
may become the standards in all states. In order to ensure that there are no refusals to work with
these standards, administration and faculty in high schools across the United States should find a
way to accommodate these new common core state standards. This can be done through reassuring
individual teachers that they are able to teach the new standards in ways that are easy for them,
showing different ways to help students achieve a higher–order of thinking, and offer a better way to
connect students previous knowledge to knowledge they are currently receiving.
Each of the news ways stated in the previous paragraph can help to alleviate any concerns parents
and teachers may have about how students and education

Middle Schooling Philosophy And Pedagogy
This paper will reflect on the content explored within the topic EDUC 1223: Middle Schooling
Philosophy and Pedagogy. The key ideas learnt within this topic will be linked and explored in three
overall topics; integrated and negotiated curriculum, approaches to teaching resilience and
approaches to teaching higher order thinking skills. Each topic will then be applied to personally to
my future career in teaching mathematics.
The first key ideas to be discussed within this paper is the importance of an integrated and
negotiated curriculum. By using these key ideas in conjunction, we are able to accommodate for
individual middle school students. An integrated curriculum enables students to draw from prior
knowledge and skills across all subjects. Usually this is achieved through a 'big idea' which is
chosen based on the middle students' needs and interests both on a personal and a community level
(Rennie, Venville & Eallace, 2010, p.201). This linking of subjects through a big idea can aid in
maintaining interest within the middle year students and therefore enhance academic achievement.
This spark in interest can be developed even further through negotiating the curriculum both in an
individual and group setting. Research outlines that if students feel like they have a 'voice' and
ownership of what they are learning then learning is more effective and rewarding (Hunter, Forrest,
2010, p.205). Therefore, a negotiated curriculum is highly effective as it allows this sense of

Third Grade Continuum
Examining Quality across preschool to third grade continuum
Select and identify TWO sentences (include in your paragraph as "quotation" sentences) presented
in the article you find significant as an early educator and explain why you selected these sentences
(7 descriptive/detailed sentences) "Hispanic children are more likely to access high quality than
black children, and children from middle–income families have the least access to high quality. "
I found this sentence significant as it highlights the lack of high–quality early childhood education
for those from various economic or cultural backgrounds, in other words, what is being done to help
the children of families who are unable to pay for expensive preschools who also do not qualifying
... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
The concept seems to promote a better way of attacking situation and essentially teaches children to
"think outside the box." Along with the numerous benefits to the HOT (Higher–learning thinking)
such as, categorizing and connecting concepts, there appeared to be those who were against the idea.
Therefore, I would like to spend additional time researching this method in order to gain a complete
understanding. Once I have a better understanding of the concepts, I can begin to implement them
with the children I teach. In regards to the middle classes in ability to access quality preschools, I
believe continuing the discussion with educators and parents on the benefits of high–quality
preschools on children and continuing to explain why there should be an alignment and
communication across the grades will promote action with those in

Reflective Essay On Critical Thinking
Questioning and challenging my assumptions and attitudes about critical thinking is a new process
for me, but I do appreciate that to develop and enhance my assumptions and other mindsets it is an
important undertaking. Looking at what we hold to be true is an endeavor well trenched into us as
we evolved. "The real value of critical thinking is that it's been at the root of all human progress"
(Rabinowitz, 2015).
Being challenged on my thinking is difficult, but once I got through the difficulty I realized it was
for my betterment as a student and as a teacher. My prior experience as an undergraduate in early
childhood education with Bloom's focused mainly on the cognitive domain and thus I cannot recall
the affective or psychomotor domains being addressed. However, as I began to understand that "the
committee identified three domains of educational activities or learning" (Bloom, 1956 as cited by
Clark, 2015), I realized that I did have assumptions and that they were being challenged. First of all,
I did assume that Bloom's focus on cognitive development devalues the importance of other
domains and secondly that Bloom's Taxonomy is only used by educators in K–12 and college.
Interestingly, both have since been challenged and changed through my readings as "it is important
to note that the most common usage of Bloom's Taxonomy focuses on cognitive learning skills
rather than psychomotor or affective skills, two domains that are crucial to the success of health

Examples Of Higher Order Thinking Questions For A Long Way...
Higher Order Thinking Questions for A Long Way Gone
What does the moon symbolize for Ishmael?
The moon symbolizes good behavior and innocence for Ishmael. It symbolizes good behavior
because "no one grumbles when the moon shines." There is nothing for anyone to complain when
the moon is out. It symbolizes innocence because Ishmael often looks up at the moon when he's
older and remembers his childhood which is in a way held on to by the moon.
Based on Chapter 12, what can you infer about how the country's government was operating?
The government wasn't being controlled very well during the war. The platoons were almost as
violent as the rebels, not to mention, short on men and communication with higher government
authority. The soldiers don't ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Very soon after he said this he became an empty shell as if the last part of him finally allowed death
in until he died.
What are two major themes in this novel?
The two major themes in this novel are revenge and survival. Revenge is major because Ishmael's
motive and many other soldiers' motives throughout his soldier career was getting revenge on
somebody. Survival is a major theme because everywhere in his story he is just trying to make it
another day. What is the cultural significance of storytelling?
Oral storytelling in Sierra Leone has been a tradition for hundreds of years. Storytelling passes a
society's culture and beliefs down to the next generation It is also a way to explain phenomenon,
teach life lessons like discipline and respect to children, and unites the community into a sense of
belonging. A culture's unique set of stories help distinguish themselves from other groups, and it
shows what things are most valued to that society, whether it's family or the yearly crop.
How does Shakespeare's Julius Caesar reflect Ishmael's

David Rosenthal’S Hot (High Order Thought) Theory Of...
David Rosenthal's HOT (high order thought) theory of consciousness claims that a state is conscious
when one has a certain kind of thought, a high order thought, about it. What it means for a thought
being "higher order" is that it is a thought about a mental state. A thought about something that is not
a mental state, for example, a thought that there is a dog on the sofa, is a first order thought. But
thinking about the fact that you are thinking about a dog on the sofa is a higher order thought, or a
second order thought. HOT theory seeks to explain state consciousness in terms of transitive
consciousness. According to HOT theory, the only way we are conscious of our own mental states is
if we can think about them; in other words, if we ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Even further, in the case of animals there are many concepts that they simply will not be able to
learn. For example, the dog is unlikely to ever be able to learn the concept of an MP3 or grasp the
concept of what Wednesdays are. This objection continues by saying that, in order to have higher
order thoughts, one must have a concept of mental states. However, it is implausible that either
babies or nonhuman animals grasp such a concept.
This objection says that the HOT theory imposes concept possession requirements on babies and
non–human animals that can't be satisfied, even though many babies and nonhumans clearly have
conscious states. The HOT theorist has two general ways to respond to the objection. The first way
is to argue that babies and non–humans can satisfy the conceptual requirements on having higher
order thoughts. The second way is to argue is by presenting reasons for thinking that babies and
nonhumans don't actually have any conscious states.
The second version of the "too intellectual" objection, which focuses on adults. One line of evidence
for the claim that we have very few colour concepts concerns the fact that we cannot remember fine
differences in colour. For example, if you were looking at two very similar shades of blue and were
shown a third sample a short time later, you would have a very difficult time remembering which of
the first two

Critical Thinking
Critical Thinkers and Education A Teachers Goal Bia Mcgrue Scypion EDU372: Educational
Psychology Prof. Jimletta Vareene–Thomas 2/20/2016 Critical Thinkers and Education A Teachers
Goal Throughout life we are challenged and we encounter an abundance of issues or problems that
we need to solve. Some problems that can be resolved effortlessly and efficiently but other obstacles
may require a more critical and creative thinking to overcome. When it comes down to thinking to
solve problems we depend on our thinking or give some regurgitated answer that we just read. But
"much of our thinking, left to itself, is biased, distorted, partial, uninformed, or downright
prejudiced" (TCTC, 2016). The purpose of critical thinking is so that ... Show more content on
Helpwriting.net ...
This article or study describes positive academic performance as a direct result of critical learning
which is contributed by the acts of doing and thinking. The research in this article proves that
students with a more medical background as a major whose style of learning is more of a converging
style are more likely to succeed in achieving their academic performance. The relationship between
learning styles critical thinking and subject matter or major all played a relevant role. Certain styles
of learning where better fits to reach critical thinking than others. For example in one of the case
study researchers found "a negative relationship between critical thinking score and divergent
learning style and a positive relation between critical thinking score and accommodating styles in
this study the focus are students of training teacher" (Ghazivakili, 2014). This article supports the
idea of critical thinking being important to our success and educational achievements. Students who
were successful in achieving critical thinking through their relationship of their particular learning
style where able to strengthen their student performances. This article targeted students in particular
areas or with specific majors and they were able to identify which learning styles or formats where
able to fit specific studies. In this article there were no conflicts of interest in the study or

Mr Leibniz, Philosopher And Philosopher
"Forgive me, sir, but I must point out that when you contend that there is nothing in the soul of
which it is not aware, you are begging the question ... it is impossible that we should always reflect
explicitly on all our thoughts; for if we did, the mind would reflect on each reflection, ad infinitum,
without ever being able to move on to a new thought. For example, in being aware of some present
feeling, I should have always to think that I think about that feeling, and further to think that I think
of thinking about it, and so on ad infinitum. It must be that I stop reflecting on all these reflections,
and that eventually some thought is allowed to occur without being thought about; otherwise I
would dwell for ever on the same thing."
(NE II.i.19, 118)
To Mr Leibniz, Philosopher in Hanover
Sir,
You have attempted to show that we can think and not be aware of it by showing that Locke's
conception of consciousness leads to an infinite regress of reflections. If you had been successful in
showing it absurd that we explicitly reflect on all of our thoughts, Locke would have had to accept
the idea that we can think and yet not be aware of it. Therefore, it may be the case that the soul is
indeed in perpetual motion. The first premise of your argument is your interpretations of Locke's
conception of consciousness; the mind's explicit reflection of thoughts. On this account, whenever
there is a thought in my mind, there is a higher–order reflection of that thought. It

The Importance Of Teaching And Learning
Teachers involving students in the learning process should require them to utilize thinking skills of
higher order. Teachers should also designed lesson plans that are rigorous but can be adaptable to
each student (whether students are general or special education) in the class. Educators should have
activities that will nurture social development and student responsibilities, as this will give them the
opportunity to exercise responsibility and practice interacting with others. Due to the fact students
are in high school, there are no rewards for good behavior being practice. However, punishment in
the class will be dealt with immediately in order to provide a stable environment of teaching and
learning; as policy and procedure is addressed for misconduct at the beginning of the year "Teachers
must encourage students to use higher order thinking skills in order to involve them in the learning
process," (Bonwell & Eison, n.d.). Higher learning thinking skills students should be using in and
out the classroom are "analysis, synthesis, and evaluation," (Carlos, 2017). For instance, Ms. Carlos,
an instructor at McNair High School is teaching a lesson on "Algebraic Concepts" and
understanding their terms and formulas, she can involve the students in group discussions by having
the students to work formulas on the board. Another way she can have the students use high learning
thinking is to include various applications using the formulas in the lessons. One technique that is

Digital Literacy And The Public Education
Discussion Post #4
How important is 'digital literacy' considered to be in our current public education? How important
do you think digital literacy is?
The American Library Association defines digital literacy as the ability to use information and
communication technologies to find, evaluate, create, and communicate information, requiring both
cognitive and technical skills. This definition is important to the discussion of the digital divide,
defined by Morse (2004) as "inequitable use of computer technology" (p. 268). We learned from our
readings that the divide between lower SES students and their wealthier counterparts in terms of
first, access to technology (hardware, software, broadband Internet) and second, what Banister and
Fischer (2010) called the "opportunity for use" (p. 3). With increased government funding over the
past two decades, schools have seen access to technology improve. Warschauer and Matuchniak
(2011) explained the significance of the federal government 's e–Rate program, which has provided
a whopping $2 billion per year for broadband and Internet access for schools (p. 188). Yet the softer
costs, such as technical support staff, and which are not funded by the federal government mean that
even when the infrastructure and actual hardware and software are present, teachers and students
may be unable to access them. The interesting divide is also largely based on SocioEconomic Status:
the opportunity for use of technology. The expectations for

Difference Between Critical Thinking And The Business...
Critical Thinking and the Business Environment An organization's ability to function efficiently
relies on the capability of its leaders to make timely, well–informed decisions. Therefore, businesses
require knowledgeable and experienced personnel who are capable of identifying and overcoming
problems in order to prevent disruptions in the operational cycle and keep things running smoothly.
Failure to quickly respond to problematic issues can lead to poor decisions that can not only cost a
company valuable time, money and profits, but opportunities as well. Thus, the ability to think
critically is an essential skill within the business environment. The following text will discuss the
difference between critical thinking and creative thinking, the steps involved in formulating a
business problem, and the roles that different personalities play in critical thinking. Critical thinking
is an intellectual process of active and skillful conceptualization, resulting in the application,
analyzation, synthetization, and/or evaluation of data that has been either collected or produced by
means of various methods and ultimately acts as a guide to belief and action (Defining Critical
Thinking, n.d.). Alternatively, creative thinking is defined as "the ability to use the imagination to
produce new ideas or things" (Creativity, 2006). The primary difference between the two is that the
former is a defined process with difinitive steps and methods; while the latter relies primarily on an

Critical Thinking And Higher Order Learning Essay
Critical Thinking in Quality for Manufacturing
Critical thinking and higher order learning is of paramount importance to the progression and
survival of the human race. According to Cruz, critical thinking allows us to gage whether or not our
actions are valuable. "If they have no value, one stops engaging or thinking in them and adopt a new
set of actions and thoughts." This quote provides the basis that through critical thinking one is able
to progress further. This same concept is applicable to education, manufacturing, and health care.
When considering the origins of critical thinking and higher order learning, Bloom's Taxonomy is
the forerunner. "Bloom's Taxonomy is a multi–tiered model of classifying thinking according to six
cognitive levels of complexity," said Forehand. The original taxonomy, created by Benjamin S.
Bloom, consisted of six levels. The lower three levels were: knowledge, comprehension, and
application. The higher three levels were: analysis, synthesis, and evaluation. Since its origination in
1956, the taxonomy has been revised to better suit 21st century thought. According to Forehand, "a
former student of Bloom 's, Lorin Anderson, led a new assembly which met for the purpose of
updating the taxonomy, hoping to add relevance for 21st century students and teachers." The
revision was published in 2001, and was edited to be able to be used by a much broader audience, as
opposed to Bloom's original audience of teachers. The terms, or levels, of the

Cost Of Technology
The Cost of Information One's environmental conditions are what condition their personality,
attitude, and intelligence. In today's world, people have adapted to the world of the technology, a
world where endless amounts of information can be accessed through smartphones. However, does
that make people who regularly use smartphones smarter? Not necessarily. There are several
negative effects of using technology on human intelligence, such as deteriorating higher order
thinking, memory, and focus. Patricia Greenfield analyzed several studies on technologies effect on
that brain and eloquently summarized it for The American Association for the Advancement of
Science, saying "every medium develops some cognitive skills at the expense of others.". ... Show
A recent article by Times that the use of smartphones is to blame for the drastic drop in attention
span. In 2010, the average attention span of a person was 12 seconds, compared to the current
attention span of 8 seconds (McSpadden). While focus has gone down, however, fast decision and
critical judgement skills have gone up from quickly browsing and scanning the internet (Greenfield).
To stay intelligent, people must compensate for the disadvantages of the internet while using its
benefits to one's mental capacity. Having the ability to make quick decisions has influenced people's
ability to make long term selections that require long term contemplation (Carr). One way to combat
the attack on attention is to do competitive events. This can include technology, such as video
games, but can also include sports and competitions using skills, such as painting or music
(Douglas). Competitions works to help one's attention span by forcing the participant to focus on a
specific goal and giving incentives for if the goal were to be met. Another way to increase attention
is to decrease stress. By reducing the amount of stress, there is room to focus on other things, rather
than anxieties (Barker). Barker also suggest meditating. Meditating encourages focus and deep
contemplation. There are several ways to combat shortening attention span to keep people

The Importance Of Effective Teaching Practices Essay
Demonstrating Effective Teaching Practices Criterion two of the Teacher and Principal Evaluation
Program is "Demonstrating Effective Teaching Practices" (CEL 5D+, 2014, p.3). The focal point of
this criterion is developing teaching practices that engage all or most students. Implementing
effective teaching practices positively affects students in a variety of ways. It allows students to
learn the necessary skills for them to be independent lifelong learners, helps them develop a deeper
understanding and meaning of texts, find solutions to real world problems, increase comprehension,
thinking and reasoning skills as well as increases achievement (Alozie & Mitchell, 2014; Chun &
Jang, 2012; Murphy, Wilkinson, Soter, Hennessey, & Alexander, 2009; Ong, Hart, & Chen, 2016;
Patrick, Ryan and Kaplan, 2007; Van de Pol, Volman, Oort, & Beishuizen, 2015). Criterion two
includes four sub–criterions. This section will provide a description and empirical evidence to
support the following four sub–criterions: quality of questioning, expectation and support and
opportunity for participation and meaning making, substance of student talk and finally, scaffolding
tasks. Quality of Questioning The first component of the second criterion is quality of questioning
(CEL 5D+, 2014). In order for teachers to become proficient in this area they must "frequently
ask[s] questions to probe and deepen students' understanding" (CEL 5D+, 2014, p.3). This
component also includes continually helping

Compare And Contrast ( Walt ) And What Am I Looking For
What We Are Learning To (WALT) and What am I Looking For (WILF) is a distinct teaching
pedagogy that leads students through the learning process. WALT and WILF are exhibited in the
appendices as learning intentions and success criteria. WALT allows students to fully understand the
task rather than just completing the instructed task (Musgrave Hill State School, n.d.). WILF helps
students understand the purpose of the learning activity and how the curriculum is important to their
work in order to achieve a greater goal (Musgrave Hill State School, n.d.). For example, in week six
students edit one another's work. Peer editing is important as it allows students to understand the
unit at a deeper level by giving, receiving and interpreting ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net
...
Likewise, Dewey (1897) believed students prosper in a learning environment where they can take
initiative for learning. The teacher can employ this activity to acknowledge students' learning
developments and plan lessons according to how students think and what students are interested in
based on the activity. In most of the lessons students have to complete an exit activity. These
activities allow students to reflect on their learning. It can also provide valuable feedback for
teachers to monitor students' understanding. Wakeford (2017) agreed that exit activities are an
optimal way to conclude a class as it allows students to give the teacher feedback, and to deliberate
the learning intentions of the lesson and make connections to the previous lessons. For example, in
week five, students create questions about what was learned in this unit and what questions should
be asked in the next learning stage. Students engage in higher order thinking when creating
questions from the unit and preparing what will be expected for the next lesson. This exit activity
engages student into inquiry thinking and metacognition to ponder what was learned and how it was
implemented (Beere, 2016).
Inquiry thinking and metacognition during exit activities aligns with Bloom's concept of higher–
order thinking. Higher–order thinking requires more activation of cognitive process. Successful
higher–order thinking occurs when students can defend, validate, analyse, evaluate, and

Elements Of Critical Thinking

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