Research Paper On The 13Th Amendment

Research Paper On The 13th Amendment
The 13th amendment
The 13th amendment was one of the first of the three slavery amendments to be passed by an
American congress after the American civil war on January 31st
1865 under President Abraham Lincoln. The 13th was passed under the emancipation
Proclamation under President Abraham Lincoln declaring ", all persons held as slaves within any
State o designated part of state the people whereof shall be in rebellion against the United States
Of America shall thence forward, and forever free''. Although the amendment was passed under
The senate on April 1st, 1869, however the House of Representatives did not when this happened
President Lincoln took action in ensuring the amendment passed through the house. President
Lincoln ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
it was laws like black codes an Jim crow that made life a living hell for freed slaves or
The colored it was laws like such as these that led to the passing of another amendment.
The 14th Amendment
The 14th amendment was passed on July 9th, 1868 under President Andrew Johnson the
Amendment granted citizenship rights for former or freed slaves after the American
Civil war. Amendment 14th consisted of five sections one of the many five
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The Ultimate Political Corruption Of William Tweed
The Ultimate Political Corruption of William Tweed In the history of the United States there were a
vast amount of political leaders and big businesses that contributed to the success of cities in our
country.Greed and the need for power can consume someone and make them feel like they are
unstoppable,but little do people know the judgement day is right around the corner.William "Boss"
Tweed is a prime example of what the need for power and greed will do to a person.William Tweed
played a huge role in the success of New York City through smart politics,corruption,which
ultimately led to his conviction. William Tweed was a member of the United States House of
Representatives in New York.Tweed,born on April 3,1823,a man of big stature,stood six feet
tall,weighing in at 300 pounds with a cheerful personality.Tweed got the nickname Boss because he
was the the leader of Tammany Hall. In order to understand the motives of William Tweed,one must
understand that although Tweed was a corrupted leader he was also a smart politician who played
his cards right.William Tweed was a smart politician because he became the boss of the Tammany
Hall.Tammany Hall was a political machine in New York City that cast votes.With Tweed being
over Tammany Hall,this gave him an advantage to control the votes.With control over the votes,he
simultaneously had control over the flock of new immigrants in New York City who were from
Ireland,Germany,and mostly Europe.When immigrants would come into New

The Tweed Ring Was Lead By A Scottish Man Named William M.
The Tweed Ring was lead by a scottish man named William M. Tweed. He was born in April 3,
1823 in ,and died on the date April 12, 1878. He was born in 1 Cherry Street, on the Lower East
Side of Manhattan. His father was a chair maker. He also studied to be a bookkeeper and worked as
a brushmaker for a company he had invested in, before eventually joining in the family business in
1852. He then became an apprentice to a saddle maker. He also studied to be a bookkeeper and
worked as a brushmaker for a company he had invested in, before eventually joining the family
business. On September 29, 1844, he married Mary Jane C. Skaden and lived with her family on
Madison Street for 2 years. He eventually joined a volunteer fire company, engine Number 12. He
and some friends organized the Americus Fire Company Number 6, also known as the "Big Six".–
Corruption–After the election of 1869, Tweed took control of the New York City government. He
proposed a new city charter which returned power to City Hall at the expense of the Republican–
inspired state commissions. The new charter passed, thanks to $600,000 in bribes Tweed paid to
Republicans, and the new charter signed into law in 1870. The new charter put control of the
finances in the hands of a Board of Audit, which consisted of Tweed, who was Commissioner of
Public Works at the time, Mayor A. Oakey Hall and Comptroller Richard Connolly. He also started
to form what became known as the "Tweed Ring", by having his friends elected to

The Tweed Ring Scandal
There were many people that were involved in the Tweed Ring scandal, but William "Boss" Tweed
and Thomas Nast were the most important. William "Boss" Tweed started his journey to power in
the 1940s as a volunteer fire fighter.
In 1852–1853 he served as an alderman and he worked his way all the way up to the United States
House of Representatives in 1853–1855. State and local affairs were his major concern and he
remained active in Tammany Hall, which was the Democratic organizational force in New York. A
small group of men who controlled New York City's finances were gathered by Tweed. They
dispensed jobs and contracts in return for political support and bribes. The amount of money that
was stolen was never confirmed, but we do know

Muckraker Research Paper
Before World War I, the term "muckraker" was used to refer in a general sense to a writer who
investigates and publishes truthful reports to perform an auditing or watchdog function. In
contemporary use, the term describes either a journalist who writes in the adversarial or alternative
tradition, or a non–journalist whose purpose in publication is to advocate reform and change.[3]
Investigative journalists view the muckrakers as early influences and a continuation of watchdog
journalism.
The muckrakers would become known for their investigative journalism. Investigations publishers
and journalists during the eras of "personal journalism"–a term historians Emery and Emery used in
The Press and America (6th ed.) to describe the 19th century ... Show more content on
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Tarbell or the seasoned journalist and editor Lincoln Steffens. The magazine's pool of writers were
associated with the muckraker movement, such as Ray Stannard Baker, Burton J. Hendrick, George
Kennan (explorer), John Moody (financial analyst), Henry Reuterdahl, George Kibbe Turner, and
Judson C. Welliver, and their names adorned the front covers. The other magazines associated with
muckraking journalism were American Magazine (Lincoln Steffens), Arena (G. W. Galvin and John
Moody), Collier's Weekly (Samuel Hopkins Adams, C.P. Connolly, L. R. Glavis, Will Irwin, J. M.
Oskison, Upton Sinclair), Cosmopolitan (Josiah Flynt, Alfred Henry Lewis, Jack London, Charles P.
Norcross, Charles Edward Russell), Everybody's Magazine (William Hard, Thomas William
Lawson, Benjamin B. Lindsey, Frank Norris, David Graham Phillips, Charles Edward Russell,
Upton Sinclair, Lincoln Steffens, Merrill A. Teague, Bessie and Marie Van Vorst), Hampton's (Rheta
Childe Dorr, Benjamin B. Hampton, John L. Mathews, Charles Edward Russell, and Judson C.
Welliver), The Independent (George Walbridge Perkins, Sr.), Outlook (William Hard), Pearson's
Magazine (Alfred Henry Lewis, Charles Edward Russell), Twentieth Century (George French), and
World's Work (C.M. Keys and Q.P.).[19] Other titles of interest include Chatauquan, Dial, St.
Nicholas. In addition, Theodore Roosevelt wrote for Scribner's Magazine after leaving

Ponies Short Story Summaries
Introduction:
Hook: William M. Tweed, an American Democratic politician that reshaped politics in the 19th
century once stated, "The way to have power is to take it."
Transition: Analyzing this quote, it can be evident that Tweed implies that power is hard to get, and
instead people must take it from others in order to be successful. Tweed's quote connects to a
popular literary theory dealing with an imbalance of power among individuals.
Additional Details: Marxism, a literary theory developed in the 18th century, portrays an inequality
of power as a cause for conflict. In the story "Ponies", Barbara's pony Sunny is killed because her
power is taken from TheOtherGirls and their ponies. In the story "Lamb To The Slaughter", an ideal
housewife Mary Maloney murders her husband Patrick Maloney in order to gain power. In the story
"The One Who Walk Away From Omelas", a boy remains in agony to keep the power of people.
Thesis: Therefore, an application of Marxism to "Ponies", "Lamb To The Slaughter", and "The One
Who Walk Away From Omelas" reveals that an imbalance of authoritative power between others
will lead to tragedy.
Body Paragraph #1:
Topic Sentence: In the short story "Ponies" by Kij Johnson, it is evident that when the protagonists
Sunny and Barbara face an imbalance of power against the antagonists, TheOtherGirls, tragedy
occurs.
Additional Details: –––––––––––––
Evidence #1: The imbalance of power that Barbara faces is evident when Kij Johnson writes,

The Effect of Political Machines on the Democratic System...
The Effect of Political Machines on the Democratic System
"A really efficient totalitarian state would be one in which the all–powerful executive of political
bosses and their army of managers control a population of slaves who do not have to be coerced,
because they love their servitude To make them love it is the task assigned" – Aldous Huxley
(Quotes, 1). Through the strong sarcasm in this statement the negative effect political bosses have on
a liberal society can be seen. In the late 1800's there was a rise in the number of incoming
immigrants in the United States, and that was when certain groups called 'political machines' started
to spring up. These groups were initially designed to help ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net
...
Also, Tammany Hall was run by only a small percentage of the population, wealthy, privileged,
white males. People in other classes were not represented and had no say, which therefore went
against the basis of democracy where everyone is supposed to have an equal say and equal rights. A
statistic that shows us just how corrupt Tammany Hall was, is that it is believed to have conned New
York City out of somewhere between 30–200 million dollars (about.com, 1). Having such dishonest
and deceitful leaders definitely goes against the democratic system, which is all about being honest.
Another political machine that went against the principles of democracy was that of Edward Crump.
In Memphis, Tennessee, through his political machine Crump controlled everything. That in itself is
one of the things that negatively impacted the democratic system. All of the peoples' power was in
one man, which is too much power for one person to have in a democracy. Also, with this power
Crump mistreated those lower than him. For example, when he arrived at sporting events the crowd
was expected to cheer, and he ordered the people to address him as "Boss" when talking to him. This
is undemocratic since all this power is concentrated in one man, whereas in a

Lake Colac Is Part Of The Corangamite Basin
Lake Colac is part of the Corangamite basin that was formed in the early Pleistocene and Tertiary
during the volcanic movement. Due to the volcanic commotion it had blocked the natural outflow of
Lake Colac's two tributaries, Dean's Creek and Barongarook Creek causing the rivers to flow into
the basin leaving muddy deposits (Williams 1992). Wind has also caused crescent shaped dunes to
form creating many shallow lakes and wetlands. The surface area of Lake Colac is about 3,000
hectares and has the circumference of about 33km, which is relatively shallow with an average
depth of no more than 2.5 metres (Colac Otway Shire Council, 2002a). It has very different areas of
vegetation including the Otway hinterland forests, volcanic plains, farmland and a number of urban
settlements (Management of Environmental Quality 2005). It has also been used by the Aboriginal
people that goes back to at least 7000 calBP where they could cross the lake in times of drought and
the use of eel traps and remains of twenty two skeleton remains from the area are held in the
Museum of Victoria (McNiven 1998). The location of Lake Colac is popular for fishing and water
activities, also is an important habitat area providing feeding, resting and breeding coverage for over
20 species of waterbirds, including a huge number of migratory species that are listed under the
agreement of Japan, Australia and China protection of migratory birds and habitats that are in danger
of extinction (Department of the

Effects Of The Progressive Era
The Progressive Era was the solution to many different problems that were caused by the fast pace
of industrialization and city growth within the United States after the Civil War. Problems during
this time included poverty, cheap labor, corruption within government and within big industries, and
political organizations that broke down the integrity of the government. During this time, many
Americans saw the United States as non–traditional. They felt that government being corrupted by
the rich and powerful would only make life harder for them and easier for the rich. The Progressives
were mostly middle class people who wanted to improve the lives of others like them. The
Progressive movement was intended to get more people involved in ... Show more content on
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Today, immigrants are some of the hardest workers within this country due to the hardships that they
experienced when they first arrived to America. The workers were composed of men, some women,
and even children. Women were paid less than men and over 1.7 million children under the age of
16 worked in factories and fields. Workers, who were mostly middle class, worked in horrible
conditions, worked long hours, were paid the minimum amount and their jobs weren't stable. Since
the government didn't regulate the working conditions within factories, the work place was usually
unsafe and unhealthy for workers to be in. By 1900 roughly thirty five thousand workers were killed
each year while within their work place. If a worker was to be hurt or killed within the work place
the employer would almost never pay the worker or compensate the worker for his injury or death.
Workers would usually work around 10 hours a day 6 days a week. This not only takes a toll on the
worker, but on his family aswell. Workers had to work that long in order to support their families
since they were being paid the bare minimum. They were also easily replaced. If a worker was
injured or became sick, they would be replaced almost instantly. This made the jobs very unstable
and people were constantly being replaced by newer people. This resulted in the rate of injuries
increasing every year. Employers would hire women and children to save money. They would be
paid much less than a man, and would do

The Impact Of Political Machine On The City
Summer Eldred–Evans
April 16, 2016
U.S. Urban History
Essay: Urban America
Discuss the political machine and its operations in the city, 1865 – 1939 The political machine is
very powerful in the city and because of how powerful it is that urban United States was able to
develop so much and increase in power in the late 1800's and early 1900's. A political machine is
system of political organization based on patronage, the spoils system, and political ties. Sometimes
political machines have a boss and sometimes they may not have a boss, and always have a corps of
workers who depend on the patronage given by government contracts and jobs. Machine politics has
existed in many United States cities for a long time now, but are still in effect in some areas. The
rapid growth of American cities in the late 1800's and early 1900's created huge problems for the
government that ran the cities as in most cases in was very poorly structured and could not really
give the people what they needed. It is because of the inability of city government to provide these
things to the people that there was a rise in political machines. These political machines gained
support from the population by providing houses for people who needed them and by also offering
people jobs that they desperately needed. This gave the political machines a lot of power and
support from there loyal followers. Voters are often rewarded with patronage jobs. However,
patronage can result in poorer service to the

Thomas Nast Influence
Nowadays, the political views of Americans arise from numerous sources. Movies, television,
newspaper, celebrities, and the Internet construct public policy and the results of an election. Nast
developed a technique to grab the attention of the public. His talent that influenced people's political
opinions with his styles of art makes him a very influential political artist. Thomas Nast, an
American cartoonist known for exposing the political machine of William M. Tweed in New York
City in the 1870s (Nast). Nast, from a family of German immigrants, established employed in New
York as a cartoonist at the age of fifteen (Thomas Nast Biography). Nast was an assertive, dynamic
Republican, and his illustrated attacks on the leader of New York's Democrats, William "Boss"
Tweed, are said to have helped bring down a generation of government corruption. Nast gained
overwhelming popularity with his cartoons against the Tammany Ring of New York and in favor of
Republican politicians. His work established his name as the first great American political cartoonist
and caricaturist. ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Boss Tweed or William M. Tweed was the New York's politician. His job was to determine several
city officials and controlled the city government (DiFabio). Because of his position, he had the
ability to access to an enormous amount of public money, which he used for his own benefits and
even gave money to his organization. In 1862, Nast merged into the staff of Harper's Weekly as an
artist. By the 1870s, Nast centralized his work on political cartoons. He led a movement against
corruption, utilizing his cartoons to assist the removal of Tweed and his allies from the

Construction of the Brooklyn Bridge
The same problem would occur every winter and political leaders thought it was time for a solution
to be found. Every winter the East River would freeze over, making it difficult for the citizens of
Brooklyn to get to New York City. A solution to this problem would be the building of the Brooklyn
Bridge. With the backing of political boss, William Tweed the construction of the bridge would soon
be underway. After 14 years of construction and much controversy the Brooklyn Bridge officially
opened May 24th 1883.
Controversy and Corruption
Political Boss William M. Tweed got the ball rolling with the building of the Brooklyn Bridge. He
was a part of the Tammany Hall political machine. According to an article in the New York Times
(2012). "He came in to the political scene when he was appointed to the New York County Board of
Supervisors. During this time he established his ring of supporters in powerful places"(p.1). Tweed
was elected state senator in 1868. He had many enemies one being cartoon artist from Harper's
Weekly, Thomas Nast. Nast portrayed Tweed and his ring as the corrupt people they were and
Tweed did not like that. Tweed was quoted saying, "Stop them damned pictures! I don't care what
the papers say...my constituents don't know how to read, but they can't help seeing them damned
pictures!"(p.5). Nast found a way to get under his skin. In 1873 Tweed who was the trustee of the
bridge company was arrested for stealing public funds and was sent to prison.

Positive Changes In The Progressive Era
As the world came into a new century, United States flew to a new era. No longer were Americans
willing to huddle in the shadows of their rich neighbors, no longer were they willing to be used as
cheap labor, and no longer were they willing to stay quiet. The Progressive Era hit United States
with full force, screeching to halt corruption and sexist discrimination. However, as one part of
Americans experienced positive change the other part was discriminated against. The Progressive
Movement changed America extensively, yet that change was not positive for all.
A central issue of the Progressive Movement was political corruption. For many years Political
Machines plagued urban areas, bribing immigrants for votes in exchange for jobs. Moreover,
government positions were awarded for political affiliation ... Show more content on
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During the early 1900's many progressives were females looking to legacy of positive change. A
large reform movement that women were involved in was the Settlement House movement.
Popularized by Jane Addams and Ellen Gates Starr who opened the Hull House, Settlement Houses
boarded middle class workers (many females) that would live in between urban slums to help out
the poor though medical knowledge and the sharing of education. These types of reforms not only
helped the poor and unfortunate, but also granted females more power. Female organizations, like
the National American Woman Suffrage Association, grew in size, and females were able to
transform their traditional social roles into public and political roles. Through these types of
reforms, women were able to obtain broader support for female suffrage, and in 1920 the 19th
amendment was adopted prohibiting the government from denying U.S. citizens the right to vote
based on gender. While the Progressive Era was progressively transforming the lives of females for
the better, minorities seemed to have been left in the

Muckrakers In The 1920's
During the 1890s to the 1920s cities began to grow, younger people, often children started working
in factories, and muckrakers can to be. Many children had to work for their family instead of going
to school. People started moving to the cities to get better jobs. Children often had to work in
factories instead of going to school because they needed to help their family make money. Since
children were working so young, muckrakers came about.
Starting in the 1890s, cities began to change. More factory jobs became available, so people moved
to the cities for jobs. With so many people moving to the cities, more pollution started to happen,
people struggled to find somewhere to live, and people had to compete for a job. This led to the
slums. The slums were dirty places, with garbage ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
They would write articles and create cartoons showing the people the problems in the cities and
workplace. One example, is a cartoon of New York City. It shows a big thumb of William M.
Tweed, crushing the city of New York. Under the picture it says, "The Boss: 'Well, what are you
going to do about it?'" This shows that the bosses have a lot of power to control the city and the
average person cannot do much about it. This picture was made to frustrate people so they would
demand changes in factories and in city life. The muckrakers also fought for the rights of children.
John Spargo wrote in his article, "The Bitter Cry of Children", "Where the disregard of child life is
such that this may done openly and with legal sanction [ approval], it is easy to believe what miners
have again and again told me–– that there are hundreds of little boys of nine and ten years of age
employed in the coal mines of this state." Spargo was upset that children were working in conditions
like this and wanted people to know the truth about the horrible working conditions. Because of the
muckrakers, factory and city life

The Effect Of The Gilded Age
During the Progressive Era, many people were beginning to realize the effects of the Gilded Age,
which left almost the whole nation in poverty, so some people called muckrakers rose to the
challenge to help resolve the poverty problem. Among the muckrakers, Thomas Nast effectively
helped try to stop a thief in office, who was secretly stealing from the country. Thomas Nast 's
birthplace was Landau, Germany, and his birthdate is September 27, 1840. In 1846, he and his
family immigrated to New York City. Thomas Nast was an American artist, best known for his
paintings and caricatures. He is especially known for his political cartoons against The New York
City political machine and promoting Radical Reconstruction during slavery. Thomas Nast was one
of the most persuasive political cartoonists in America, drawing over 2,200 cartoons. Nast created a
turning point in American History with his cartoons, using his artistic talent and adding dialogue.
Nast left a permanent mark on the nation, to show how corrupt the nation was using symbols such as
the Republican Elephant and the Tammany Tiger. Thomas Nast effectively removed corruption from
the nation by working with Harper's Weekly, attacking Boss Tweed and Tammany Hall, and using
his cartoons against other groups of people who were creating flaws in the nation.
Thomas Nast created many illustrations that have been remembered, and are still used today such as
the portrayal of Santa Claus, the Republican elephant and

Exxon Valdez Oil Spill Analysis
The Exxon Valdez Oil Spill
Wildlife's Immediate and Long Term Effects
Andria Schmitz
Purdue University
A detrimental event occurred within American borders off the coast of the usually pristine and
beautiful landscape of Alaska. Our country's dependence on oil for energy pushed for the
exploration, exporting, and refining of oil in our largest state. The ship released around 11 million
gallons of oil into the Prince William Sound waters; it was the largest oil spill in American history at
the time. The cleanup was one of the most expensive endeavors, as the efforts cost around $2 billion
over the course of an intense four summers (Tweed, 2014). 26 years after the incident, marine and
terrestrial wildlife in the Alaskan ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Dept. of the Interior, Kenai Fjords National Park. (2009). 20 Years Later... The Exxon Valdez Oil
Spill. Seward, Alaska: U.S. Government Printing Office.
Tweed, Katherine. (2014) The Long Road to Recovery. Scholastic Math 35(1), 8–11, Web. 1 Sept.
2015.
Monson, D. H., Doak, D. F., Ballachey, B. E., Bodkin, J. L. (2011). Could residual oil form the
Exxon Valdez spill create a long–term population "sink" for sea otters in Alaska? Ecological
Applications, 21(8), U.S. Geological Survey.
Wells, P. G., & Butler, J. N. (1995). Exxon Valdez Oil Spill: Fate and Effects in Alaskan Waters.
Atlanta, GA: Environmental Toxicology and Risk Assessment.
Alford, J. B., Peterson, M. K., Green, C. C. (2014). Lessons from the 1989 Exxon Valdez Oil Spill:
A Biological Perspective. In J.B. Alford (Ed.), Impacts of Oil Spill Disasters on Marine Habitats and
Fisheries in North America. (pp. 101– 123). Anchorage, AK: CRC Press.
Alford, J. B., Peterson, M. K., Green, C. C. (2014) The Exxon Valdez Oil Spill and the collapse of
the Prince William Sound Herring Stock: A Reexamination of Critical Biomass Estimates. In M.K.
Peterson (Ed.), Impacts of Oil Spill Disasters on Marine Habitats and Fisheries in North America.
(pp. 144–151). Anchorage, AK: CRC

How Did William Tweed Lead To The Tamobilier Scandal
William Tweed was the boss of Tammany Hall. Tammany Hall was a political organization that was
formed in 1789 and was in opposition to the Federalist Party. The business was very popular in its
time for the willingness it had to help the city's poor and immigrant populations. William Tweed,
however, corrupted the company's reputation, and turned it into an image of greed and twisted
motive. As political boss, Mr. Tweed used his formal and informal authority to make profit for
himself and the other accomplices. The group altogether became known as the Tweed ring, and
somehow they found a way to extort an estimated $30 million to $200 million. Tweed used this
money to become one of the city's largest landowners by the end of the 1860's. ... Show more
content on Helpwriting.net ...
This company was given contracts to build railroads. Congressmen were then offered great shares in
the construction which allowed the congressmen to approve federal payments without paying
attention to the expenses. This meant that the railroad builders made large amount of profit, but had
no idea how they were affecting the railroad. The railroad companies were entirely impoverished by
the end of the whole process. Those involved in the scandals realized through time that much more
money could be gained from construction contracts than from operating the completed road. The
vice president at the time, Schuyler Colfax, who was then Speaker of the house, had even bought
shares. When the scandal became a public matter, James Blaine appointed an investigation
committee ran by Representative Luke Poland in 1872. Mr. Blain said that, "A charge of bribery is
the gravest that can be made in a legislative body. It seems to me... that this charge demands prompt,
thorough, and impartial investigation.". Several of those officials involved, however, were
implicated but not punished. They claimed that the payment was a gift and not in any way a bribe.
Another angered Justice rephrased a passage of scripture, saying, '"Let him that has not betrayed the
trust of the people , and is without stain, cast the first stone.". That quote was directed at the press
who were enraged because of the scandal. The Justice was in a way pointing out that the press has
manipulated and twisted the view of the public on many occasions. In that case, the press is without
room to place blame and

The Late 19th Century : The Gilded Age
The late 19th century of American history is most commonly known as the Gilded Age, because of
its attractive appearance, but underlying corruption. Popular themes during this period were greed
and guile. This can most clearly be seen in the nature of city governments and political machine
systems. Political machine systems were made up influential men preying on the vulnerable for their
own gain. A shining example of this unethical system is Tammany Hall. Tammany Hall was a
political force in New York City from its 1789 inception as a benevolent association to its infamous
end in the early 20th century (Tammany Hall). Run by William M. Tweed, commonly referred to as
Boss Tweed, this political ring gained its popularity by supporting immigrants and the lower class.
Tammany Hall pushed for real improvements in hospitals, schools, and infrastructure (Burns).
Although these examples are viewed as a good within the system, they are irrelevant and ineffective
in the overall upheaval caused by Boss Tweed and his political machine. Tweed 's idea of city
government and his political machine was a failure because it took advantage of taxpayers, used
political graft and corruption to disparage the Constitution, and set a bad example for future political
leaders. Tammany Hall took money from taxpayers to maintain their political machine and increase
their personal fortune. This is a clear example of failure within what seemed to be a fair political
system. Boss Tweed used a graft

The War Of The Civil War
"Yee–Haw!" one rebellious little child yelled at the white scalawag, walking down the street, as he
zoomed by on his horse. The Civil War, a war between the North and South in The United States of
America fought over state's rights, slavery, and nullification. This war was fought mostly in the
South, which caused tons and tons of damage emotionally physically and politically to the South. In
the following paragraphs, what exactly reconstruction is, how it and the war affected The United
States of America, and who was involved, will be disguised.
Soon after the Civil War ended in 1865, Northerners started to debate over how the confederate
states should be brought back into the Union. Alabama, Arkansas, Florida, Georgia, Louisiana, ...
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there was a huge problem that occurred. Andrew Johnson was sworn in on April 15, 1865 shortly
after Lincoln was assassinated. This meant that the government had to change the reconstruction
plans. This is where Johnson's Plan came into place. Lincoln 's successor, Andrew Johnson, at first
pleased the radicals by publicly attacking the planter aristocracy and insisting that the rebellion must
be punished. His amnesty proclamation was more severe than Lincoln 's, it stopped all former
military and civil officers of the Confederacy and all those who owned property worth $20,000 or
more and made their estates liable to confiscation. The obvious purpose was to shift political control
in the South from the old planter to the small farmers, and it promised to carry out a revolution in
Southern society. Johnson's plan did not change everything in effect. Johnson's plan added three
rules from Lincoln 's 10 percent plan. This included each state ratifying the 13th amendment,
repudiation of Confederate debts, and renunciation of secession. In all, this is what reconstruction
was all about.
There were a lot of well–known important people involved in this period. John Wilkes Booth, a
popular actor and supporter of the South who assassinated President Abraham Lincoln during a
performance at Ford's Theater in Washington, D.C. Horace Greeley, a Former New York Tribune
who ran for president in the

Political Machines And Political Power
Political Machines
Political Machine is a term given to an unofficial organization designed to keep a certain political
party or political group in power. Although Political Machines were originally designed for positive
actions, a group of political leaders turned this positive intention into devastating corruption. As
power was put into the wrong hands, large cities of the United States were put in jeopardy. Political
Machines caused corruption in the larger cities and states of the United States, especially New York.
Political machines are an unofficial city organization designed to keep a certain boss or group in
power. Political Machines were designed to create organization, but as the machines came in the
picture the political ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
The phrase "vote early and often" started in this era.
"In most years between 1865 and 1930, Patronage Machines ruled many large states of America
such as, Minneapolis, Pittsburg, Los Angeles, St. Louis, Detroit, Chicago, Philadelphia, New
Orleans, and New York" (Reid). For example, according to Steffens, "one of the most significant
early muckraking stories happened here in Minneapolis, and although it is sometimes overlooked in
the general journalism histories of the time, it remains important to our understanding of how the
field evolved". "Fifteen of the seventeen united state's senators were Republicans, and both
Pittsburgh and Philadelphia were controlled by powerful and long–lived Republican city "machines"
(Pennsylvania). Chicago had one of the longest lasting histories of the use of Political Machines. "
In some areas, Political Machines, such as Chicago's Democratic Party organization continued to be
important until the 1970's." Although these states were all controlled by Political Machines, New
York's city hall, Tammany Hall, was the most affected. During this time period, "reformers opposed
the machine, calling for such improvements as civil service test for jobs, closer control over how the
city spent its money and watching the polls on election day. Over time such reforms weakened the
power of Political Machines" (Rosenfeld). Political Machines power waned during the tenure of
New York City." Mayor Fiorello La Guardia (1934–1945), and the

The Statue of Liberty Enlightening the World
Annotations for: The Statue of Liberty:
1. "The Statue of Liberty Enlightening the World": was a gift of friendship from the people of
France to the United States and is recognized as a universal symbol of freedom and democracy.
2. "Treaty of Peace at Versailles": refers to The Peace of Paris (1783), a set of treaties which ended
the American Revolutionary War. In September 1783, King George III of Great Britain signed a
treaty in Paris with the United States known as the Treaty of Paris (1783) and two treaties at
Versailles with King Louis XVI of France and King Charles III of Spain known as the Treaties of
Versailles (1783).
3. Lafayette: During the American Revolution, French military man Marquis de La Fayette served
under George Washington as a Major General in the Continental Army.
The first article that I examined from Harper's Weekly was titled "The Statue of Liberty." The Statue
of Liberty was a gift to the United States from the people of France. "In the early 1880s, French
citizens raised money to present to the United States Liberty Enlightening the World, the immense
sculpture by Frederic–Auguste Bartholdi". (Edwards 90.) It is important to note that gift was not
from the French government. It was a gesture of friendship from its citizens and I feel symbolized
the stature, in France's eyes, that America had achieved in the world during the Gilded Age. The
Harper's article discusses the dedication on October 28, 1886 of the statue of "Liberty Enlightening

Comparing The Political Bosses Of William M. Tweed And Tom...
Two men from different parts of the country and different times in history were able to accomplish
the same thing, controlling a city and its people to get what they wanted. William M. Tweed and
Tom Poppell were two political bosses who resemble each other immensely. They both came into
power by controlling a group of people and used their votes in their favor. They were corrupt people
in power who the media was trying to shine a light on to take down. Though one of them you could
say was a racist and they handled the media in different ways, they were always only in it for the
money. Tom Poppell was a sheriff in Georgia's county of McIntosh. He was a beloved sheriff for
several years. He is a real life character in Melissa Fay Greene's Praying ... Show more content on
Helpwriting.net ...
He would pocket the rest of the money not used in the construction. A bio about Boss Tweed was
written on biography.com stating, "In 1870 he and his cronies took control of the city treasury when
they passed a new city charter that named them as the board of audit. In full force now, the Tweed
ring began to financially drain the city of New York through faked leases, false vouchers,
extravagantly padded bills and various other schemes set up and controlled by the ring." He was
able to get away with all this corruption for many years before being

The Lack Of The Political Corruption
Moreover, one of the largest negative consequences of the political corruption was the laziness that
was displayed officials. To the understanding of the officials, once they were in power, there was no
real need to do anything or make any changes. This could potentially stem from the idea that they
did not really have any true ideas on how to fix any of the problems that the local populations were
concerned about. Many of these men seemed to lack real political experience but decided to run for
office because of the prestige that came with it. There was also a lot of fear from the public about
things getting worse. Some politicians used "Negative campaigning which usually worked, and
especially among people for whom the risks of change mattered more than the possibilities form
improvement." This infers the ability of the corrupt people in politics contradicting their election
platforms. People were voting these men into office based on promises that they would better things
for them. This shows how men manipulated the pathway to government positions, yet did nothing
when they achieved them. It was common practice to "defend what was already in place than to
propose something new, with all of its potential for bad consequences." This concludes that running
for election was not the only way that these men protected their livelihood and name. By not
proposing any sort of change to policy, they were not giving the people what they had promised but
also shielding their image

Tammany Hall Myth
The great Tamanend, of which Tammany Hall takes its name, was a lover of peace and a mythic
figure in the American ethos. To receive this great honor, it is said he stood up on the very land
Philadelphia would be built up from and stated that his tribe and the English colonialists would "live
in peace as long as the waters run in river and creeks and as long as the stars and moon endure."[1]
The people of Philadelphia who watched on catapulted this man to great fame in the budding United
States. To cement his glory for ages to come, the Philadelphians built a statue in the center of town,
and honored him with a society officially known as the Society of St. Tammany, or colloquially as
Tammany Hall.
A club with the name of a great leader who ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Tweed, or "Boss" Tweed, was to start a volunteer fireman in New York City and from then on his
rise to power can only be described as meteoric. From this position he took it upon himself to be
elected as the city alderman, and from this position ran for the US House of Representatives and
won. These positions turned out to be benign and boring, he was only a Representative for one term,
but while in these jobs he cultivated a relationship with Tammany Hall and when his term was up he
had a prime position waiting for him. He was to become the sole proprietor of job, political jobs, in
Tammany Hall. Not one to waste an opportunity William Tweed installed his own men into key
positions of power and managed to control much of the New York City bureaucracy with his
eponymous "Tweed Ring". This ring of corruption lasted more than ten years as "Boss" Tweed and
his cronies embezzled over 30 million dollars from New York City. This ring of fraud was ultimately
left up for so long because it was so efficient and in another way, genius. Tweed managed to
maintain his power by installing only his men into positions of political power, promising them not
only influence but money. But with this new wealth comes the guarantee of loyalty to your political
boss. In most men's eyes, this is a relatively small price to pay for the thousands of dollars to be
made from the jobs he would give. But his regime was to end, in 1869, for a myriad of factors some
including the political

Gangs Of New York Film Analysis
1) Immigration (Irish) Potatoe's were a staple in the Irish diet but in the 1840's the potato crops were
mysteriously rotting and dying. This spread all across the fields of Ireland causing a famine. The
famine lasted for about six years and killed over a million men, women, and children in Ireland. It
also caused many of the Irish to immigrate to America to survive. The film "Gangs of New York"
takes place at the five points in lower Manhattan. The Nativists who believed that they were the true
native americans controlled the five points and are ruled by the character Bill Cutting. Cutting was
marked as the leader on the Nativists after being the one who killed Priest Vallon. Vallon was the
leader of the crew the "Dead Rabbits" who were an ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
In "Gangs of New York" the nativists gang led by Bill Cutting were native born people who stood
strong trying to prevent immigrants from being a part of their society. Employers would put signs up
in the window of their store that said "No Irish Need Apply". They did this to prevent any Irish from
asking for a job. The natives would not allow the immigrants to work for them. The natives called
immigrants many different names and told them to go back where they came from while throwing
things at them as they were unloading off of ships. Bill Cutting held a celebration every year to
remember the day he slayed Priest Vallon. The scene shows many natives gathered around watching
Cutting entertain for them with his knife skills. They celebrate and cheer as Cutting drinks a glass of
alchohol that is lit on fire. Amsterdam planned to kill Cutting to avenge the death of his father. His
attempts fail and Cutting starts to ask the crowd how he should kill him and punish him. The crowd
goes wild, cheering and yelling out ways to punish Amsterdam. They knew who he was and that he
was the son of Vallon. The Nativists took part in cruel acts to protect their interests and believed
theirs were worth protecting because they were native–born. They heavily mistreated immigrants to
protect what they

Stimulus Package Analysis
I'm gonna give it to you now, once and for all, the secret behind the magic–trick of how the
oligarchy selects who gets a pass and who will be fried by their MSM in the presidential elections. I
found it here, at The Brookings Institute, exactly where they rehearsed the trick on Obama in 2008.
How could I have missed it?! I went there in 2008 to show Obama's promises to the elite. The
magicians just make us look the other way, that's how they do it. And this is how it goes.
You will see, among other things, how Sanders eases Wall Street's angst, how they will pay him
back for voting for the Stimulus Package: Sanders asks for the MSM support and WS is glad to
abide. Also, the Keystone Pipeline? He promises will not be "a priority" if he wins.
First: This is the Brookings presenting Sanders to its members and the select few from the MSM.
That means they had already vetted Sanders and found him kosher to be consumed by its group.
How did that happen, we don't know, it happened behind the closed golden doors of the owners of
humanity. What we DO know is that they fed the members a script to dispel any fears and to find
Sanders, not only a non–threatening 'pinko', but ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Don't be afraid of Sanders' socialism: it comes with "small 'd'", meaning small democracy, nothing
they can't handle with their big 'c' for 'big capitalism', and they give as example no other than Mr.
Debs. This is a "lively" tradition, meaning the traditional class wars produced by capitalism. And as
all class wars, it is very lively, action packed, wehre the labor movement loses most of the time. So,
it is "refreshing' to have Sanders, who doesn't run away from a PARTICULAR part of that tradition
(that was very cryptic). And we all know how the lively class wars have influenced our policies: Taft
Hardly and other policies to restraint the working class

Political Machines: Boss Tweed
Political Machines
Mark Twain once stated, " We the best government that money can buy." In New York, Political
Machines were quite common in the 1800's, controlled Politics and People. One major political
machine, was William Marcy Tweed, also known as Boss Tweed. Tweed controlled New York
politically and financially. Even though Political machines were exposed and government corruption
was reduced, both parties, Democratic and Republican, still today use services and favors for
political advancement to obtain power in the 21st century. Tammany Hall was founded in 1786, by
two men, named Aaron Burr and William Mooney. Tammany Hall was a New York City political
group that lasted for nearly two centuries. The opposition to the Federalist party ... Show more
October of 1871, Boss Tweed and his Ring crumbled. He was arrested on multiple charges such as
forgery and larceny. He was released from jail in 1874 but later on rearrested on new charges.
Escaped from jail and made it to Spain before being caught again and returned to jail. Boss Tweed
died at the age of fifty–five on April 12, 1878 in the Ludlow Street Jail in New york City. The day of
Tweed's funeral, thousands of people came together in front of his daughter's home, where the coffin
was waiting to be brought to the burial site.
Patronage, also known as the spoils system, is the system that Political Machines used. It is the
support of a parton, the power to control appointments to office or the right to privileges. The fact of
donating large sums of money to help ensure the election of a candidate. The candidate repays the
favor by making job appointments or by passing and proposing legislation that safeguards the
interests of the business or person who donated the enormous amount of

Fiorello Laguardia Research Paper
Eventually Tammany Hall's grip over New York City plummeted when Fiorello LaGuardia became
Mayor in 1933. LaGuardia had been an outspoken critic of the prohibition of alcohol, but he was
passionate about enforcing illegal gambling laws. At that time, New York City's slot machines
generated roughly $180 million a year in profits for the mob, but under LaGuardia's direction the
NYPD confiscated thousands of slot machines. In fact, he once held a press conference as he threw
several of the "mechanical pickpockets" in the Atlantic Ocean. LaGuardia took such a strong stance
against gambling that he managed to have pinball machines banned. As a result, New York police
officers confiscated and destroyed over 3,000 pinball machines. Again, he held ... Show more
He exuded the confidence that derives from being the smartest person in the room. "The Big
Bankroll" was a consultant, financier, and mentor to some of the original founders of the Italian
mafia, particularly Lucky Luciano. As mentioned in The Drug War: A Trillion Dollar Con Game,
Rothstein operated one of the first global heroin trafficking organizations and managed several
bootlegging networks. There may never have been a man more successful with using his intelligence
for such deceptive means. For example, he masterminded a $9.5 million stock market fraud case and
fenced millions of dollars of stolen government bonds. However, Rothstein's bread and butter
operations consisted mainly from illegal gambling proceeds. He owned a number of gambling halls,
racetracks, and "bucket shops." Rothstein was also recognized as the person who invented the
"floating card game" in which the location of high stakes card games changed on a nightly basis. He
also had a bookmaking network that spanned the nation. In fact, he is recognized as the first
bookmaker to accept "layoff" bets from other bookies. Rothstein enabled bookmakers with smaller
bankrolls to hedge some of the risk from their clients' wagers. In other words, second–tier
bookmakers could "layoff" their bets with Rothstein to offset their

The Revolution Of The 19th Century
As the United States entered the 19th century, a new era of development and evolution in its
economy, population, and technology was ushered into American society. America 's economic and
industrial power grew as a result of the industrial revolution of the 1800 's. At this time,
organizations known as "political machines" saw an opportunity and capitalized on the fears and
desires of individuals who wanted to achieve the American dream but could not necessarily find the
means to achieve those goals.These political machines took control over urban areas because they
promised wealth and prosperity to those who were looking for it. For impoverished immigrants that
were searching for any means to survive, these incentives created a false sense of hope for those
who believed that political machines truly had their best interest at heart. Essentially, political
machines were just another chance for someone to make money off of another person by taking
advantage of their unfortunate circumstances and voting rights in order to control the politics of
their cities.
America was growing rapidly, but this came at a great cost. The late 19th century was coined by
Mark Twain as the "Gilded Age" because everything in the United States seemed to be flourishing,
the industrial age had created an illusion of prosperity due to underlying issues such as: poverty,
crime, corruption, and over–crowding due to a large influx of immigrants from Europe. At this time,
there was no possible way for

Effects Of The Tweed Ring Scandal
The Tweed Ring Scandal The Tweed Ring scandal in New York began with William "Boss" Tweed.
William is remembered for patronizing of his Tammany Hall political machine. He used it to gain
massive sums of money during the Reconstruction. It was unfair, disguised, and very illegal. All of
the cash he made was dirty and not legal, yet he managed to get away with this scheme from 1856
all the way until 1873. William was born in 1823, and by the time he was twenty–eight years old, he
was already in a position of power. He was the city alderman and was able to lock down other
powerful office positions. He knew many people and was friendly, just to get to the top. He was
elected to one term in Congress and grew his influence in the city ... Show more content on
Helpwriting.net ...
The city finally began to realize the amount of finances William had drained and collected for
himself and worked together to get him fined and arrrested. He was able to avoid it a few times, but
was eventually charged and arrested in 1873. He was in jail for two years, but was arrested yet again
after being released. He was confined for the rest of his life, where he died in his jail cell from
severe pneumonia. The Credit Mobilier Scandal The Credit Mobilier Scandal was a scandal that
completely shattered the careers of several Gilded Age politicians. The group was formed when
some major stockholders in the Union Pacific Railroad formed their own company, the Crédit
Mobilier of America. They used it to give and sign contracts with wealthy businessmen that stated
they would help fund the building of the new railroads. They also signed some with influential
congressmen. These contracts were not good deals for the congressmen and businessmen. They
didn't pay too much attention to the small wording of the contracts, that stated in helping fund the
railroads, they would really be funding the railroad builders and making them rich from the deals.
While the contracts seemed to be helping out the railroads, it was really a plot to make the builders,
organizers, and overseers rich. There was no good intention in the scandal and just left many people
without any money or

Tweed Supreme Court Case
One chilly December morning in 1868, William "Boss" Tweed smiled calmly as he lied to an entire
court during a huge publicised trial Boisterous and humorous, he endeared himself to the jury
members and escaped reproach. This trial was to address the huge issue of voting fraud that plagued
New York. The Democratic party, of which Tweed was a powerful member, illegally counted
Republican votes and doctored Democratic votes to outnumbered them. A letter printed in the paper,
supposedly from Sam Tilden, another Democrat, asked New York politicos to send in their estimates
of the votes right before the minutes were closed, and send them to a William M. Tweed (Ackerman
42–43). Several individuals were arrested and made witnesses. Some were handing ... Show more
By fall, Tweed had coerced the New York Supreme Court into passing sixteen hundred
naturalizations daily, and even more from other courts. In a desperate attempt to extract control from
Tammany Hall's iron grip, Marshal Robert Murray placed Republican marshals to challenge
immigrants votes, whether they were legitimate or not. In retaliation, Tammany raised mayor John
Hoffman prohibited anyone from "intimidating, obstructing, or defrauding any voter." Tammany
deputies began arresting Republican deputies. When the polls closed, Democrats delayed or made
distractions, allowing their backroom fixers to 'fix' the numbers. Even Murray's tries to arrest the
Tammany deputies resulted in them just as quickly as they were thrown in jail being released
(Ackerman 53–55). Hoffman became governor, leaving Tammany's Grand Sachem seat empty for
Tweed to fill (Ackerman 57). At this point, Tweed won every battle that came his way. In 1866, as it
would later be discovered, he, Hall, Richard Connolly, and Peter Barr Sweeney started the "Tweed
Ring", which ultimately damned him. Over the next five years, the foursome would make between
$40 and $100 million dollars off the city they claimed to love and protect (bosstweedproject). The
Tweed Ring seized control of the city treasure in 1870, funneling funds into their own private bank
account so exceedingly that action had to be taken.

Chapter 19-Enduring Vision Essay
Chapter 19 Key Terms:
New vs Old Immigrants: The old immigrants be from da NW Europe. English speaking Protestant
countries such as: Ireland, Germany, DA BRITISH, and ze Welsh. Da old protestants were willing to
assimilate in the culture and peoples.
The new immigrants are SE Europe. Non– english, more religions such as Catholics and Jews. They
were from countries such as: Italy, Poland, da Slovs, Greek, Croatians,DA COMMUNISTS jk the
Russians. The new immigrants didn't plan on staying permanently. They planned on making money
then going back.
Push and Pull Factors: Push–bad economy, famine, overpopulation, depression, religious
persecution. Pull–wide range of jobs/good wages, religious freedom, cheap passage(steerage) ...
Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Ads and Department Stores: put up ads for good stuff with low prices; physical/mental relief from
everyday lives. marketplace for upper classes and jobs for lower/middle classes. Social clubs for
middle and upper class women
Sports, leisure activities, amusement parks: Baseball (popular for middle and working class,
discriminated against blacks) Boxing (popular among the wealthy) football for colleges. Amusement
parks, physical release from women and men's everyday life.
New Education: farther away from religion, closer to theories and practical subjects. It opened up
new schools for women and more about liberal arts. More medicine related schools, law schools,
public schools, kindergarten, schools funded by philanthropists.
Pubs/Saloons: Place for men to relax and for immigrants to gossip ( go sip dere). Masculine gossip
circles. :P politics and shtoof. Reinforced group identity and saloon keepers would write letters for
the immigrants and turn out votes.
Vaudeville: a series of acts, included stunts, musical acts, satire, and skits. Racist against
blacks(made fun of them). Designed for mass appreciation and was psychological relief.
Ragtime: Basically jazz...whites didn't like it because the music was too liberal and romance related.
People associated are: Scott Joplin, Jelly Roll Morton, and Eubie Blake.

Realism and Naturalism: Realism focused on truthful depiction of the commonplace
Naturalism:

Tammany Hall Gambling
State and federal laws preventing lotteries had a profound unintended consequence. There is a long
history of illegal gambling proceeds corrupting politics and one of the most appropriate examples
involves the Democratic Party political machine of New York City, Tammany Hall. Zachariah
Simmons built a very organized network with hundreds of policy shops throughout New York City.
In just one week, the gross receipts totaled $1 million and a great deal of those profits trickled down
to the local political bosses. Tammany Hall ruled politics in New York City for decades by a few
simple means––corruption and voter fraud. For example, Tammany Hall literally released prisoners
from the penitentiary to vote for them in the election of 1843. William ... Show more content on
Helpwriting.net ...
"Big" Tim Sullivan was the leader of an unofficial "gambling commission" in New York City.
Members of the secretive commission included Frank Farrell (New York City gambling mogul), a
State Senator, and the Chief of Police, Bill Devery. Every gambling house, policy shop, and craps
game was charged at least $300 for a "license," which was collected by the local precinct captain.
There was no pretense with these "licenses" as there were no regulations in place to protect
consumers. This was simply a lucrative bribery system amounting to $3,095,000 for the year of
1900, according to the The New York Times. Obviously, the ban on gambling wasn't

Farmer, Political Boss, and Immigrant
Farmer, Political Boss, and Immigrant
Various people from the late nineteenth century held diverse opinions on political issues of the day.
The source of this diversity was often due to varying backgrounds these people experienced. Three
distinct groups of people are the farming class, the political bosses, and the immigrants, who poured
into the country like an unstoppable flood. These groups of people also represented the social
stratification of the new society, which had just emerged from rapid industrialization. These three
groups had large differences in many aspects such as power, amount of money, and influence in
political events of the day. The political boss dominated local city governments and pretended to be
Robin ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
The prices of staple goods dropped dramatically from the1860s to the 1890s. The farmers were
losing large amounts of money that they desperately needed. The tariff on manufactured goods
vexed the farmers because even though their own profits were decreasing, the prices of important
manufactured goods were not due to absence of foreign competition. The farmers were further
bothered by the domestic marketing system which allowed numerous middlemen to take large
shares of the profit of agriculture. There was a shortage of credit, which made it difficult to finance
the construction of necessary improvements. The farmers were plagued by numerous natural
disasters including tornadoes, floods, and droughts. These conditions, which could destroy property
and crops, also provided a difficult environment to grow crops. If the crops could not be grown, the
farmer had no means of supporting him and his family. After a boom in the mid–1880s, the
population of western farm states increased enormously. This large influx of people contributed to
the destruction of open–range cattle raising. A prolonged drought following these boom years
devastated the farmers and many soon returned East with no money and low morale. Thus, farmers
were dissatisfied with government policy and politicians began to discuss resolutions to their
problems. Many farmers began to

Summary Of Gangs Of New York
Directed by the legendary director Martin Scorsese, along with splendid performances of the duo
Leonardo DiCaprio and Daniel Day – Lewis, Gangs of New York is an excellent film illustrated the
chaotic peril of 1860s New York City based on actual historical events. Build upon the nonfiction
novel by Herbert Asbury, The Gangs of New York: An Informal History of the Underworld, the
movie depicted the conflict between the Americans and the Irish immigrants due to the rising wave
of immigration to America. Although the movie is overall very intriguing, and gave an in–depth
insight into the modern gang of New York City in the 19th century, it omits certain events in history
for the purpose of entertainment. The story began in 1846, when the conflict between the "Natives"
and the Irish immigrants had risen to its peak. Priest Vallon and his gang fought against Bill the
Butcher to defend their people and their beliefs. At the end, the infamous Five Points was filled with
blood and bodies – including that of Vallon. In the midst of chaos, his son disappeared trying to
protect himself. Sixteen years later, Amsterdam Vallon returned to Five Points and determined to
seek revenge for his beloved father. Prior to this time, there were large numbers of immigrants and
refugees from Irish for the religious freedom, but mostly to escape from the Great Famine of 1845–
1851 (Foner 343). According to (http://www.ushistory.org/us/25f.asp) , in the middle half of 19th
century, over two

Political Corruption Has A Lasting Impression On New York...
Political corruption has had a lasting impression on New York City and the empire state all together.
It is an attribute to the history and development of the city because it has been an influence on the
social, economic and political spheres that are at the heart of society in New York. To develop an
understanding of how political corruption shaped New York City and how it has contributed to the
city's growth is essential to under the history of the city. It is important also to understand how
people reacted to it, because it set a foundation for modern times and how people react to
government and its role in society. My possible thesis for this research paper would be political
corruption was an element to the growth of New York City following the civil war. Through
questionable political tactics, officials used their power to negatively and positively push New York
City into the 1900s, which would lead to political activism by the city's people looking for change.
The most important aspect in understanding political corruption in New York City during the Gilded
Age would have to be identifying how these officials were able to come into power and gain
support. In the book, Party Games: Getting, Keeping, and Using Power in Gilded Age Politics, the
author Mark Summers has examined just that. The tactics and approaches to government and
interaction with New York City citizens were something that was very unique as well as new to
American society. The corrupt officials

Second Industrial Revolution
Explain one impact of the second industrial revolution of American society?
By 1890, the richest 1 percent of Americans received the same total income as the bottom half of the
population and owned more property than the remaining 99 percent. Many of the wealthiest
Americans consciously pursued an aristocratic lifestyle, building palatial homes, attending exclusive
social clubs, schools, and colleges, holding fancy–dress balls, and marrying into each other's
families. One of the era's most widely publicized spectacles was an elaborate costume ball organized
in 1897 by Mrs. Bradley Martin, the daughter of a New York railroad financier. The theme was the
royal court of pre revolutionary France. The Waldorf–Astoria Hotel was decorated to look ... Show
more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Laws and local customs requiring the separation of the races had numerous precedents. In 1896, in
the landmark decision in Plessy v. Ferguson, the Court gave its approval to state laws requiring
separate facilities for blacks and whites. The case arose in Louisiana, where the legislature had
required railroad companies to maintain a separate car or section for black passengers. A Citizens
Committee of black residents of New Orleans came together to challenge the law. To create a test
case, Homer Plessy, a light–skinned African–American, refused a conductor's order to move to the
"colored only" part of his railroad car and was arrested. The lone dissenter, John Marshall Harlan,
reprimanded the majority with an oft–quoted comment: "Our constitution is color–blind."
Segregation, he insisted, sprang from whites' conviction that they were the "dominant race" (a
phrase used by the Court's majority), and it violated the principle of equal liberty. To Harlan,
freedom for the former slaves meant the right to participate fully and equally in American society.
As Harlan predicted, states reacted to the Plessy decision by passing laws mandating racial
segregation in every aspect of southern life, from schools to hospitals, waiting rooms, toilets, and

The Shortcomings Of The Progressive Era
From 1800 to 1900, the United States population grew by more than 70 million people, and with
many people moving towards an urban life, cities alone grew by about 15 million between 1880 and
1900. The fertile capitalistic economy allowed for the growth of large corporations, and with the
various innovations that appeared during this period, the U.S. also began to move towards modern
industrialization. This unprecedented rate of advancement also brought in some less desirable
consequences, such as political corruption and harsh working conditions. This, in turn, ushered in
the Progressive Era, as the country was swept into a new direction by reformers, who pushed for the
removal of corrupt elements that took advantage of the failure of ... Show more content on
Helpwriting.net ...
However, journalists began to get a hint of what was happening behind the scenes. Thomas Nast,
considered to be the "Father of the American Cartoon", was one of the key people in bringing down
the Tweed Ring through cartoons published in Harper's Weekly, such as "Wholesale and Retail
Thievery", and "Who Stole the People's Money? –Do Tell". Tweed even reportedly said, "Stop them
damned pictures. I don't care so much what the papers say about me. My constituents don't know
how to read, but they can't help seeing them damned pictures!" Nast's cartoons were significant,
because if he did not publish them, a majority of New York would not have discovered the political
corruption until much later, and, in the meantime, would have been blissfully unaware of any
impairment in the growth of New York. In addition to Nast's work, disgruntled officials also released
financial records that implicated Tweed and his associates with an estimated $25 million to $200
million in stolen funding to the New York Times, sealing Tweed's fate when he was convicted and
jailed in 1873. Nast's influence also prompted other journalists to take a closer look at their own
cities and ensured that the weaknesses of growing cities would not be exploited without the public's
knowledge.
Laissez–faire capitalism took ahold of the second industrial revolution and with the advent of mass
production, the value of

Tweed Ring Research Paper
William M. Tweed was head of the great dramas of the postbellum period, "Tweed Ring." The group
was composed of Tweed, Oakey Hall, Richard Connolly , and Peter Sweeny, among other people.
Historians believe that between the 1860s and early 1870s the Tweed Ring defrauded the City of
New York from anywhere between $50 million or $940 million in today's money and $100 million
which is $1.8 billion in today's standards. When "The Ring" collapsed short after it was found to be
corrupt it sent a shockwave across the country and especially the region. The scandal affected nearly
all of New York's political class. A document was later found belonging to the Tweed family which
it quoted Senator Booth, a Republican, claiming that the taint of scandal

Research Paper On The 13Th Amendment

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Research Paper On The 13Th Amendment