Design Driven Innovation Essay Examples

Design Driven Innovation Essay examples
1. Introduction
"Design Driven Innovation" (Verganti, 2009) or "Design Inspired Innovation" (Utterback et al.,
2006), a concept of design–oriented (or novel meaning oriented) product/service planning, is now
widely recognized as one of the most competitive business creation approaches. This approach
focuses concept oriented product development to bring a novel meaning into the product, as
represented by iPod (Apple Inc.), Allesi's kitchen wares (Allesi S.p.A.) and Wii (Nintendo Corp.). A
unique product concept and a consistent strategy overcome various market barriers or technological
obstacles. Indeed, iPod established a new virtual market for the music industry, Swatch turned
watches into daily dress–up accessories from lifelong ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
In this regard, a global leading design consulting firm, IDEO, provides rich implications to us. Their
core value, "design thinking" is based on a typical skill set for industrial designers (Brown, 2009).
Design thinking focuses an user observation, an user experience understanding, a brain storming
with various actors, trials and tribulations. Industrial designers, using such methods, have been led
design–driven innovations. However, even they can bring innovative concept, it still remains unclear
whether industrial designer can manage interaction between design and technology.
We can assume that industrial designers potentially contribute to technology innovation. Borja de
Mozota(2003) discussed the potential ability of industrial designers to contribute to technological
improvement. He mentioned that some designers mediate technologies among organizations.
Nevertheless, design and technology are regarded as "apples and oranges" or "oil in water"(Candi,
2010) in corporate strategy. Especially, among high technology firms, design rarely captures their
attention; for example, although positive relations are found between attractive new customers and
using educated designers, a limited number of Scandinavian high–tech startups use such designers
(Candi, 2010). Under such a condition, it is hard for designers to enroll in a technology
development. Also, Moody(1980) found in several UK Design Awarded firms that design stimulate
technological innovation
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I Want to Learn to Take Risks Essay
I want to learn to take risks. I want to change my attitude about taking chances. Assessing my
academic and extracurricular achievements, I am proud of my accomplishments. I see myself as an
open–minded, goal–oriented person who achieves and succeeds through hard work and
determination. How much of that success is a result of staying on comfortable ground?
I began wondering about the range of my abilities when I attended Northwestern University's
Theater Arts Program last summer. The theme of the institute, announced by the director, was: "Dare
to fail gloriously." This idea encouraged participants to take bold risks on the stage. Over time I
applied this philosophy to my acting and my life. I began the Northwestern program as a ... Show
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Set Design was my first choice, followed by Costumes, and finally Stage Lighting. Much to my
dismay, I was assigned to the lighting crew. Though disappointed, I tried to stay open–minded. I
knew nothing about lighting, but followed the slogan which kept repeating in my head: "Dare to
fail...."
By the third lighting session, I had discovered a new passion: I was eager to learn everything I could
about lights. Having always been a performer who enjoyed the limelight, I had never realized the
skill required to create it properly. In my free time I climbed the catwalks, memorized cues,
circuited lamps, or changed gels. My competence was recognized when I was selected head light
board operator for the final production of the summer.
If the choice to study lighting had not been made for me, I would have missed an enriching
opportunity. The experience taught me to take more risks, rather than to follow the most certain path
to success. The exposure made me realize how limited my perspective had been in approaching new
situations. The choice that was made for me, undesirable as it seemed at the outset, taught me to
embrace new experiences and ideas.
I believe that "the past is prologue." In college I will take more risks, convinced that the potential
rewards outweigh my fear of failure. I have stopped trying to select a major, and am committed to
studying in many academic disciplines before deciding on a field of

Pursuing Graphic Design
I will mainly discuss my short term goals for the time being and my long term goals once I graduate
post–secondary. For the long term I plan on pursuing graphic design. My plans for the short term
include adding more work to my own personal portfolio using Adobe Photoshop. The reason why I
am interested in getting into graphic designing is because from my own experiences one of my
attributes that best describes me is creative. Why this career path appeals to me is because this line
of work involves a lot of creativity that requires you to create designs that are very satisfying. In
order to create something that speaks to a specific group of people you need to be able to manipulate
photographs and paintings using editing software. This line

Theater Lighting: A Therapeutic Analysis
The first set of electric lights in a theater were installed in 1882 in Boston. By the 1890s, most
theaters had phased out gas lights and candles for electric lights, considering that they were
significantly safer than the open or shielded flames (Wild, 2015). Gradually, these lamps had
gradual modifications to make them last longer and have a stronger intensity for theatre productions.
Tungsten Halogen lamps replaced the traditional light bulb with their oval quartz covering
surrounding the Tungsten. In time, Light Emitting Diodes (LED's) have become cheaper and easier
to access. As it has become easier to produce LED's, they have also begun to be used in the domestic
sphere. Since they last longer and use less electricity, they are being ... Show more content on
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While there have been modifications to make the light less blue, there is still a blue cast created.
This can be seen from Appendix C. The lighting instrument on the left is a Tungsten Halogen
Fresnel and on the right of that is a Helia HF–40. Although the instruments give off similar lighting,
it is clear that the Fresnel gives a more focused light. An additional issue that occurs with lighting is
intensity. It is often difficult to adjust the dimmers on a LED (Salzberg & Kupferman, 2009). Since
intensity and a blue hue are emitted, the light from LED's is often unnatural looking. This
unnaturalness is one of the main concerns from lighting

Hoefler & Co.
For this research assignment, I looked up a company called Hoefler & Co. This company designs
and publishes fonts for a huge variety of companies and some of the most famous brands out there
toay. Some fonts are created on a custom basis for editorial, institutional, and corporate clients while
others are designed for immediate sale to the public. They work with brand leaders in every sector,
developing original typefaces for print, web, and mobile environments, and licensing fonts from our
library of more than one thousand designs.
Designer Jonathan Hoefler founded the company in 1989 as The Hoefler Type Foundry (colloquially
"HTF") – and The Hoefler Type Foundry, Inc. has remained the registered name of the business ever
since. Rebranded ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
With the original design created as a serif font, this image shows the array of different styles one
font can change into, including ornamental text design. The special character traits of some of the
letters gives this typeface a formal and traditional style with an artistic flair of more ornamental
design. I chose this font as a representation because it holds many similar characteristics to Times
New Roman, which almost everyone is familiar with and/or has used. The letter "Q" caught my
attention, as well as the individual design of the numbers to accompany the letters as shown by the
"16" towards the middle of the image. Hoefler & Co. is consistently creating typefaces we use on a
regular basis, and may not realize come from such a large company. I feel that typeface is one of the
least recognized areas of design, which is ironic because without font styles, graphic design would
almost be non–existent. So much of what is communicated is through letters or images that are
inspired by letters. Logos, word marks, symbols, and font all make up the world of graphic design,
and without companies like Hoefler & Co. some of the most recognizable companies would have a
very different

Entrepreneurship And The Industrial Design Industry
Entrepreneurship in the Industrial Design Industry
Entrepreneurship
This research report will explore the key issues of entrepreneurship in the industrial design industry,
specifically zoning in on the furniture design sector. The Collins English Dictionary gives the
definition of an entrepreneur as; 'the owner or manager of a business enterprise who, by risk and
initiative, attempts to make profits.' (Collins , 2011) This is extremely relevant in the product design
sector as money, time, labour and outsourcing of materials is needed to create prototype products.
Generally the time involved and costs of creating a one off piece of furniture are exponentially
greater in this stage of the design process than any other and can be the biggest hurdle, which can
make or break an idea or design.
Sourcing funding, access to materials and workshops and technological advancements in both
materials and computer animated design are a few of the significant issues that entrepreneurs face
when starting the development of a new product. The level of entrepreneurial activity in product
design industry is vast and branches off into many different facets, which does not just involve the
design of a new furniture piece or range but also into the import and export of original and replica
furniture and the expansion into other sectors in the design industry such as interior or object design.
With the use of internet blogs, website and social media platforms it has introduced the opportunity

The Elements Of Apparel Store Environment
THE ELEMENTS OF APPAREL STORE ENVIRONMENT Dilip Kumar.G.R. M. Arch.,
Architecture and Planning Department, Indian Institute of Technology, Roorkee.
rushidilip@yahoo.co.in Dr. Gaurav Raheja Associate Professor, Architecture and Planning
Department, Indian Institute of Technology, Roorkee. gr.iitr@gmail.com Abstract Indian apparel
share corresponds to a 40 billion USD, growing at 8% of the total retail market share. The store
environment in apparel retail focuses on customer expectations and behaviour. The consumer
behavioural pattern of visiting the store again and again will depend on the ability of the designer. It
is the designer creativity to not only identify the requirements of the retailer but also to identify and
address the expectations/requirements of the customers through the store environment. Apparel
stores are focusing and targeting on store interiors to create the best shopping experience through
good store environments. This research paper attempts to explore the design elements of the apparel
store environment, which form the basis for store differentiation among competitors of the adjacent
neighbourhood store. This research paper is descriptive in nature, and adapts literature based study
for methodology. Key Words: Retailer; Apparel Store; Store Environment; Elements; 1. Introduction
The emerging economic trend of the 21st century is the phenomenon of "globalisation" that has been
motivating India through foreign–direct investment in the retail

Interior Design Social And Psychological Theories
Interior Design social and psychological theories were developed to aid the designers in better
understanding people's needs when it comes to a space. Even in ancient times, requirements had to
be met to make living conditions bearable. High ceilings, clerestory windows that allowed natural
sun light in, tripartite floor plan arrangement and more were some of the norms of design that helped
people psychologically and socially adapt to their current conditions.
How do people feel when they are at a certain setting? What triggers discomfort, irritation or
distress? What causes good mood, appetite or comfort? This is what Psychological & Social theories
explore, the space–people relationship and the space–mind relationship. Psychological ... Show
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Bad lighting or no natural lighting, wrong color palette, how crowded the space may feel, lack of
privacy & much more, are some things that if not taken into consideration could make the stay in a
space unbearable. The final goal is for the occupier of the space to feel comfortable and at ease
whether in a public or a private setting. Although there are many settings that must accomplished the
explained above in this chapter, however, we will be focusing on the Psychological and Social
theories in restaurant design for it is one of the most common examples that includes all the aspects
explained in this chapter.
Today, high levels of people populate public settings causing many requirements and demands to
arise. One of them is the need for privacy in the often–crowded public areas. When designing a
restaurant layout, it is important to consider how much privacy will the visitors have. One of the
biggest dilemmas in restaurant design is the need for tables and seating space which maximizes the
profit of the business. However, overcrowding a space with furniture can make the diners feel
enclosed and uncomfortable for no one likes to be too close to a stranger. On the other hand, just as
people don't like very crowded spaces, they don' like very big ones either for they seem cold and
impersonal giving them a sense of exclusion. It is important to find the balance between the both.
Privacy is best described as "a process by

Fashion Design Is The Top Of Your Head, Right?
Without fashion designers, we would all be naked. Do you know what it takes to become a fashion
designer? You can probably name a good 10 designers of the top of your head, right? Now, think
about how many people are in college at FIDM or the NY School of Fashion, or the many other
schools that fashion designers strive to go to, thousands of people. The fashion industry is one of the
most competitive businesses out there. It is said that, "while fashion designers must be creative, they
also need to understand basic production, marketing and business concepts" (Chron.com). "Fashion
design is the art of the application of design and aesthetics or natural beauty to clothing and
accessories" (dictionary.com). Fashion design is influenced by cultural and social latitudes and has
varied over time and place. Through the job basics, duties of this career, qualifications of workers in
this field, education planning, job prospects and related fields, this career has taken my interest
because I like how competitive the field is, I enjoy sketching and the end goal for me would strive
towards in to have my own company and design for celebrities. There is no doubt that fashion
designers are helpful and have impacted our lives by their keen eye for fashion, but what people
may not know is the process of becoming successful and well known. For them to accomplish this,
it is recommended that one must be employed in New York or California where majority of the
action is, receiving an

Delving Into Gothic Design With Annamarie Lopinto
Delving into Gothic Design with Annamarie Lopinto If you want an interior design that is striking
and romantic, Annamarie Lopinto states that the Gothic Design is ideal for your taste. This design
style, which is often confused with Medieval design, is similar in some aspects, but much different
in others. The Gothic design era was actually after the Medieval design reign, and incorporated
some new characteristics along the way. A recurring theme in the Gothic design philosophy is that of
the flying buttress, an architectural engineering feat that includes beautiful archways and columns.
Understandably, this type of design element is not practical for most common residential rooms,
especially for those with a standard height ceiling. ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
11. Travel the Decades with Retro Design and Annamarie Lopinto When Annamarie Lopinto hears
the term "retro", she knows that it can refer to any of the design characteristics of the 1950s, 1960s,
or 1970s. Each decade has its own unique qualities, and offers a different take on the theme desired.
1950S retro is very much influenced by the end of World War II, when consumerism was at its peak
in the United States. 1950S retro design can use a variety of color palettes, from bright color to more
muted tones. The furniture created in the Eames style is very appropriate for that decade of style. In
1960s retro, the designs gravitate towards more of a groovy feel, with swirling lines and interesting
patterns. The colors used can be complimentary or contrasting, and the textiles will include
obscenely large prints. The furniture is very surreal, with odd lines, and often an utter lack of
symmetry. Pop art and posters are found on the walls, tastefully framed. Lighting will have bold
cloth lamp shades, or even colored glass globes as an accent. 1970s retro takes the design concepts
of the 1960s and adds an urban or ethnic twist. This style is what could be called psychedelic today.
A hip mix of Boho chic, beatnik, and hippie, 1970s retro seams to have a true split personality.
Annamarie Lopinto explains that the 1970s retro style also includes all of the design elements of the
disco music era as well, complete with glittery disco

Why The Panthella Lamp Is A Success
The Panthella floor lamp was designed by a very popular Denmark interior and furniture designer
Verner Panton, a qualified architect whom mainly designed lamps born in 1922 – 1998 his Panthella
lamp was his most popular light design, in 1971 the lamp was designed by Verner Panton and
manufactured by Louis & Co established in 1892 Denmark. (Panthella. n.d) This Essay investigates
why the Panthella lamp is a success, its design history and what makes it desirable to the consumer,
I choose the lamp from the Landmarks collection at Auckland Museum because of its similarities in
shape and metaphorical relationship to my group's own product the 'Pokécup' and business model.
In relation to the western cannon historically being quite a recent lamp ... Show more content on
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In relation the BMC the Panthella created good value proposition through having good fitness for
purpose, long durability through its new for its time ABS plastic material and also having great style
and different color options that consumers could become emotionally attached.
In Verner Panton's early stages of designing lights, he partnered with Louis Poulsen a Danish
Lighting manufacture established in 1874, (louis, 2006) although he was the soul designer of the
Panthella floor lamp Louis Poulsen was a key partnership in the BMC for the Panthella that funded,
manufactured and distributed the Panthella all over the world through their global distribution.
"With Louis Poulsen as a partner, we can together create a future–proof lighting project that fulfils
the highest standards of quality functionality and design." (Louis, n.d.)
They are a leading, well respected light manufacture that have received numerous prizes and awards
including the 'novo Eco award' (Louis, n.d.). Being launched in a time period considered a
'consumer society 1858–1981 (Best, 2015), the Panthella did very well in sales and became has
become very popular to this present day, as a result Louis Poulsen recently announced on the 29th
July 2016 a smaller desktop version of the Panthella called the Panthella MINI table. "Since the
retro–wave of the 1990s rolled over us, enthusiasm for Verner Panton 's lamps has risen

“A designer’s perspective on the use of lighting to...
"A designer's perspective on the use of lighting to manipulate mood within commercial and
domestic interior design."
Through my research and writing, I would like to be able to conclude various techniques used, to
manipulate mood within a space, in relation to lighting. Over the years, research has been conducted
to deduce what sort of lighting should be used in specific locations rather than others, depending on
the mood altering necessities of a space. There are many principles I had not previously considered,
that are involved in creating "good lighting" within a space which go beyond the actual lighting
fixture or even the bulb itself.
A fundamental introduction to understanding lighting seems to recurrently rely on the ... Show more
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Egyptian temples are a clear indication of this manipulation of light source. Temples do not exercise
a uniform form of lighting but a decreased intensity throughout the space, allowing time for the eye
to adapt along the way. Intense beams are used to highlight spots which were considered to be more
important, such as the statue of a pharaoh or important murals. Lighting was not introduced earlier
than the 17th century as a form of illuminating a specific space. The delay in development had
everything to do with the lack of scientific advancement at that stage and the misunderstanding of
the combustion process among other things. The first source of light developed to illuminate specific
areas was a lamp constructed by Francois Argand, which would later be known as the "Argand"
lamp. Essentially this was an oil lamp with a tubular wick, manufactured to facilitate situations such
as evening family gathering occasions and centrally situated light sources. This device was later
developed to solve under–lit area problems such as stage lighting and street lighting which required
to be lit for specific lengths of time. The first competitor to this invention was introduced in the late
18th century, also known as a gas lamp. This

I Really Enjoyed This Podcast By Rogier Van Der Heide
I really enjoyed this podcast by Rogier van der Heide. I am forever wandering around my house
turning lights off and it 's not just a money/planet saving action. Darkness is wonderful and
important, it is the reason I put dimmers on almost every light switch on the plans for our new
home.
Without darkness, the concept of light doesn't exist or at best without the contrast of darkness, light
is not recognisable. The beauty of light could not be seen. Furthermore, the beauty and peace that
comes from darkness wouldn't be so if it weren't for the contrast of light. I have also just watched
the TED talk about introversion, identifying that the 'yings' and the 'yangs' are both required to have
a complete experience.
Heide speaks holistically of light quality. Light quality is not just about the bland, measurable
approach we take ensuring we meet the imposed standards required for lighting particular spaces. I
am left wondering why it is that we choose to power up a building with artificial light rather than
use the light from the sun where possible. There are so many ways in which we can do this, why are
we so reluctant? Is it easier to just thoughtlessly do what was once probably considered amazing and
innovative? The more I think about it the more I would consider grid like lighting design senseless,
unhealthy and unimaginative! Also, the sunlight is free, if that's not good enough reason to utilise it
then I don't know what is!
Furthermore, are we actually doing our eye

Gaffer Observation
During the pre–production stage I didn't know that I am going to be a gaffer on this film. My role
was supposed to be the best girl electric, however after initial gaffer dropped out I have been asked
to do his job. Working on this project was very challenging as I didn't have any time to plan. The
only information I was given from the Director of the Photography were the pictures of the fuse box
on the location. It was difficult to communicate as barely any inspiration material was given about
scenes. The lighting department lacked an executive feedback which slowed down the work of
the crew. Figure 6, Circus on the Moon Street (working title), dir. Danny Jeffs
I knew what was the set up in the studio as original gaffer ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net
...
We put all the lights on dimmers and as we were dimming them down the strobe flash lights were
dimmed up. We had four strobe lights and the consumption of the power of the four strobes was too
much for a one dimmer board. We daisy chained three of them to a one dimmer board and had one
more on the separate board. This effect was created to present an alter–ego of the protagonist and
was used to emphasise the change of the mood and emotional state of mind. On the Figure 5, page
11 you can see a screen shot from that scene. Lighting a round space was a challenging however I
am happy with the result of this scene and think that the highlight on the production design on the
background is successful as it establishes the connection between the reality and the dream. As well
as this it can be said that planning lighting for this scene helped me to think outside of the box.
During Production into Practice unit we had to work with the location and push the light according
to it whereas in this situation we shaped the studio with light to create a believable surrounding and
add depth.
Another low–key situation was set at the location. The Production into Practice workshop –
"Lighting on location" developed my understanding of key techniques which I applied while
working on this graduation film. The inspiration for this scene came

Vera Wang Advertising Analysis
Vera Wang is one of the most iconic designers in fashion today and this ad takes advantage of her
recognition. This image, most likely from a fashion magazine, promotes Vera Wang's dress line. The
advertisement uses three significant contrasts to draw the buyer in. First, the model in the actual
dress line. Second, the flourishing background the models are put in. It makes you think about what
the photographer was trying to portray. Lastly, the display case made the models are standing in and
around. The model in the front draws in the buyer, but the case is see–through, allowing the viewer
to see the model standing on the back side and part of the models arm to the left. The image suggests
that someone who wears Vera Wang can have multiple styles and still feel good in whatever type of
style that is.
The greenery background gives the ad an interesting contrast. This is a nature setting, as implied by
the grass and plants. Most of this background is not very visible, as the models take up most of the
advertisement. The brightness of the plants suggest this photo was taken midday when the sun was
at its peak. It was taken with a shallow depth of field, meaning the background is blurred and the
main focus is on the objects in the front of the photo, The greenery is not very green, but fades into
the background. There are no animals in the trees in the back, maybe suggesting this was taken in a
place without a lot of wildlife, or the fact that there's no resources for these

Designing A Product That Influences Through The Product...
Abstract
The paper aims at sensitizing designers towards the voices of every stakeholder involved in
designing a product that influences through the product life cycle, in a comprehensible way with an
objective to facilitate designer towards a better design. This paper discusses the basic purpose and
nature of design in the context of judging the aptness of a dialogue among the stakeholders
including product in itself. It also discusses the kind of outcome based on designers stand in the
design process which makes the conversation dialogical or arguing in nature. The paper proposes
'Design Tree' as a structure, for creating distinct platforms for dialogue to happen at all stages of
design evolution for design dialogue to be comprehensible.
Introduction
Louis I Kahn in his lecture was explaining the importance of honoring building material. The
designer is at a junction and he has to choose a path. He has to decide between economy and honor
of material. The decision, that designer takes, is case specific and depends on various other factors
as the case might be.
The decision of whether to go logical or intuitive is discussed by many authors and designers in
many ways, some supporting logical or rational views and others intuitive or art based. Kahn's quote
mentioned above emphasizes on intuitive decision (as an honor towards the material) over logical
way (which is the economy). Christopher Alexander in his book 'Notes on the Synthesis of Form'
discusses whether design is

Environmental Protection Is A Trending Topic
Environmental protection is a trending topic not only in industries but also in architectures. Finding
a solution that could minimum the pollution to surrounding environment and save the resources at
the same time is crucial for architects in the process of design. Large amount of architects accepted
the practice of involving more daylight in their architects to save more resources. An abundant
supply of natural lighting can also save money and improve the visual quality of the environment.
However, for buildings with different functions, the usage and requirement of light are also
different, in particular, the libraries and art museums.
The development of a new architectural form, museums, had greatly changed the traditional
classical architectures into innovative modern architectures. Jayne Merkel, a historian and critic,
identifies three elements that control and define this development in museums as "lighting, security,
and procession through space." Unlike those traditional rectilinear space that isolated from the
outside world where even light were mostly artificial, museums are now increasingly open to natural
light and paying more attention on introducing strong spacial experience of the visitors.
Lighting in museums, especially art museum, is crucial for creating best views of exhibitions.
Controlling the lighting is particularly important that it should have minimum damage to the arts.
This is especially challenging in art museums with full glass roofing, for

I Watched A Play About A Puerto Rican Woman
On April 8th, 2016, I watched a play about a Puerto Rican woman named Marisol who went through
the emotional heartbreak of her angel leaving to go fight against God and trying to survive in an
apocalyptic world. This magnificent, humorous and emotional play is simply named Marisol.
I walked down the polished floor of the Don Taft University Center of Nova Southeastern
University towards the Black Box Theatre. I handed my ticket for Marisol to a smiling and
courteous attendant that was dressed in a nice black outfit that consisted of black slacks paired with
a black shirt. The man across from this smiling assistant was another attendant wearing a similar
outfit that handed me a program with a beautiful smile. My experience started off ... Show more
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There were several grayish–blackish walls that were lined with jagged edges. These walls were
covered in cracks and huge holes, holes big enough for a person to go through. There was an
abundance of graffiti all over the wall that consisted of various signs, symbols, and some phrases.
The whole stage in front of me looked like a group of savages decided to wreak havoc all over the
scene. It the stage reminded me of what an area would look like after a riot As I sat down, the music
before the play started was upbeat Spanish music that made me feel like I wanted to dance. It set the
mood that this must involve someone that is Spanish or is set in a Spanish area. The lighting during
this point was not too bright but not too dark either, the lighting was just enough for the audience to
see the stage. As the last bits of people started settling in their seats, two young women, both dressed
professionally, walked towards the center of the stage and stated that we must turn off our cell
phones and refrain from extending our arms near the stage during the play. Apparently, the reason
for this warning was because there are parts of the play where people walk up and down the
extended pieces of the stage. This caused my mouth to go slack, this meant that the audience is able
to be near the actors and are able to get a closer look at the scene that is playing at the time. The
young ladies

Replica Lights Case Study
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The Cabinet Room In The White Houses
Can Architecture influence people to make decisions that they tend to not follow? The Cabinet room
in the White House is a good example, because that is where the President, its Cabinet members and
the secretaries join and advises the President in decisions or decide what issues are important. The
Cabinet room is in a Neoclassical style. The style came from the 18th century of classical antiquity
from the ancient Greek and Romans. The style is clean, filled with elegant lines, the idea of
perfection through mathematics to form order, balance and harmony. The Architecture in the cabinet
room is very conservative and may be seemed as old fashioned by some and may lead to some
politicians to believe or choose things a certain way. So, would changing ... Show more content on
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Various colors pink, white, green, and violet were used. It found that green causes anger and
confusion, violet causes sadness and fatigue. Many claim that a white working environment is
appropriate and not distracting,but compared to workers in red or blue offices, workers in white
offices complained of more headaches and nausea (Hoicowitz, Hudson, McCoy, & McNerney,

Bus Stop By William Inge
The visual that a play presents is a dominating factor in the quest to invite an audience member into
a world of which they feel a part. In a play such as Bus Stop by William Inge, this is especially
important because Grace's Diner plays a primary role in the storytelling. Inge's use of the iconic
American diner to tell his story is ingenious. Simply setting eyes on the set inevitably evokes
pleasant feelings of familiarity and comfort in the minds of most audience members. A diner is a
place where people gather; a place where individuals from different backgrounds share a similar
experience. Inge crafted his characters meticulously in order to create contrast, conflict, and
chemistry that would drive the plot through the forced ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
It would be made of wood with a plastic counter–top. It would feature the meager remains of a
chipped–off light–green paint job. I would place 3 quartet tables on stage. One downstage–right, one
upstage–center, and one downstage–left, providing a clear path to the main entrance door far stage
right. The chairs would not match. There would be two or three different types of chairs dispersed
among the 3 tables.
Two "badly–shaded light bulbs" would hang from the ceiling, creating the illusion that they are the
only light source, however if this were actually the case, the lighting would prove insufficient for the
audience to see the action on stage without straining their eyes. Therefore, most of the light would
be generated from the lighting system in the theatre. It is imperative that the contrast between the
diner and the harsh weather outside be evident from the start. This can be accomplished by
presenting the windows piled with snow on the outside, almost to the top of the windows, as if a
snow plow had pushed the snow up against them. The tops of the windows would appear to be
covered in frost. This visual would provide a realistic and budget–friendly means of establishing the
weather, because it would not be necessary to find technology to create an ongoing blizzard outside.
Wind sounds with controllable velocity would contribute heavily to this. The warm–colored lighting
in the diner, as well as the

My Senior Year Of High School
Since the beginning of my senior year of high school, I received the amazing opportunity to belong
to a community of interior and event designers at Suzanne Nichols Design Group. The showroom is
located in Orlando, so whenever I visit or am home for break I continuously work with the company
in the community. The experience helps me to understand the many different genres that are utilized
within the community. They help us to communicate with each other, the clients, and the business as
a whole. We often take on many beautiful designer homes and design many special events such as
weddings, office banquets, birthday parties, and anniversary parties. Many of the genres we utilize
included meeting agendas, proposals, floor plans, invoices, sample design boards, and also event
promotional flyers. A collaboration of the different genres come together to make the work more
organized, less stressful and even exciting. Primarily, a meeting agenda is created so we know what
to discuss with our clients, as well as, questions that need to be asked. It normally consists of bullet
points with various topics in chronological order of the way they should be reviewed and talked
about. The meeting agendas are important to the design process and design community because they
help us get a good understanding of exactly what our client wants and requirements. Normally, our
clients usually range from a family looking to design a newly purchased home, or a bride wanting to
have a beautifully

Activity 15 The Deep DiveIntroductionHow Do
Activity 1.5 The Deep Dive
Introduction
How do professional design companies work through a design process? The video you are about to
see chronicles the efforts of a world–renowned design firm, as they apply their process to the
redesign of a common, everyday product.
One of the best–documented examples of the design process in action took place in Palo Alto,
California, at an industrial design firm called IDEO. ABC News gave IDEO the challenge of
redesigning the old and familiar shopping cart in just five days. Nightline chronicled the experience
and aired the program on February 9, 1999.
This short documentary reinforces the idea that fantastic solutions can be produced under very
difficult constraints when the designers have a ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
16. Of all the things that we are surrounded by every day, what has not been placed through the
design process?
Extend Your Understanding (Optional)
Engineers need to know what problems they are addressing. They must have an idea about the
degree to which the solution should be carried out, along with what the solution should do to solve
the problem. The engineer must also work within constraints, such as time and budget. A design
brief is a tool that is used to concisely identify the problem, solution expectations, and project
constraints. The engineer will often return to the design brief throughout a design process to assess
the progress and validity of his or her creative work.
Imagine that you are part of that design team. The project leader has given you the responsibility of
creating a design brief that defines the problem, states the expectations that the solution must meet,
and identifies the project criteria and constraints. Your design brief will serve as a guide to the team
as they work through the design process.
From your observations of the video, record your information in the design brief on the following
page or in your engineering notebook.
Conclusion
1 What was the most impressive part of the team's effort?

17. What advantages are there to having a design team with members that have non–engineering
backgrounds?
18. There was a point in the

Light And Dance Response
Light and Dance Response The document, Lighting and Dance, by Ruth E. Grauert, proved to be
informational and interesting. The document expresses much of what I had already believed to be
true. While the document did not give any insight into how to specifically create light onto a piece,
it did emphasized its importance and in what ways it can be used.
I was intrigued to learn about McCandless and Nikolais, and how they viewed lighting design as an
art. Stating how lighting design is about decisions in timing, space, motion, medium, and color, and
understanding how to work them in to compliment the dance or performance, really resonated with
me. Lighting design can be as much as an art as a dance is. With so many options in lighting
mediums, ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
The design of the lighting should make sense with the movement and be present to enhance the
performance. She later states that if the lighting designer focuses "on the structuring of light toward
the aesthetic end to which the motion has projected" that he or she will have "made a valid
contribution to the production". Essentially, the author was trying to state that as long as the
designer keeps the dance in mind when creating lights, the audience will be able to understand the
productions as a whole. For example, If there is a change in the lighting color, a change in the dance
or in the mood needs to be present to trigger the lighting change. A lighting design most likely
would not want to shine hot pink lights from the stage onto the audience during a piece that had not
color before, and no trigger in the choreography to merit this color change. Lastly, the author states
"the careful structuring of light on the entire stage environment will augment the motional statement
through its own aesthetic

My Lighting Designer : Donald Holder
My lighting designer was Donald Holder I will tell you all about him in the essay I have written. I
will tell you what got his interest in theater specifically lighting. It 's all started from spending his
childhood seeing Broadway appears, musical drama, expressive dance, and ensemble symphony
exhibitions, and concentrating on violin, tuba, and string bass. "The principal musical I saw was A
Fiddler on the Roof," Holder says. "I was significantly influenced by it, even at the youthful age of
five or six, so I 'm staggeringly eager to light the up and coming recovery in the fall of 2015."
Another positive impact was Lighting Designer Theron Musser. "I 'll always remember seeing her
unfathomable work on A Chorus Line when I was an adolescent," reviews Holder. "It was her work
that truly permitted me to see the power, excellence, and verse of stage lighting for the primary time.
"As he neared school, Holder was similarly enthusiastic about theater, music, and the outside, so he
went to The University of Maine, where he majored in ranger service while seeking after theater and
music in a dynamic performing expressions program. Subsequent to graduating, he put in three
years as a specialized executive and lighting fashioner at Muhlenberg College before winning an ace
in expressive arts from the Yale School of Drama. "It was at Yale, under the phenomenal mentorship
of Jennifer Tipton, where I built up an unmistakable comprehension of procedure and process that
would serve as the

Judy Attfield Gender
I have chosen to discuss Judy Attfield's text, 'FORM/female FOLLOWS FUNCTION/male:
Feminist Critiques of Design' because she talks to her audience about her present and historical
experience of what it is like to be a female designer in what people consider to be a more masculine
line of work. Attfield allows her feminism to flourish in a distinctive style of writing which not only
engages the reader but also the problematic practice of being a female designer.
Attfield discusses the current situation of discrimination and inequality in the design business that
she has faced by telling the reader that she is providing the "normally silent" with the power of
speech. The designer's statement instinctively intrigues the reader by alluding that the text is
speaking for people that haven't had their voices heard before as it is written by a female designer.
Attfield's portrayal of the women in her book, showing it in a fresh light due to the reader being able
to tell that what they are reading is a text by one of the "silent" who can speak passionately of the
discrimination received by women in the design industry. Throughout the text it seems that the
author has been objectified to the same prejudice due to her ... Show more content on
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A designer based in New York called Andrew Shea, interestingly converses about the building
responsibility and obligation that designers have in the book 'Designing for Social Change',
"Once an attitude and an approach to life: as such, it can help us frame how we want to live in the
future. It is therefore, inherently pragmatic and results–oriented, simultaneously humble and
ambitious and fundamentally optimistic and forward–

Lighting In Hamlet Essay
Similarly, to other theater designers, lighting designers play an important role in the world of the
play. In order to create the appropriate environment and set the mood for the play, the lighting
designers need to choose carefully the lighting techniques they will use to meet the audience's
expectations plus the overall concept of the production. For these reasons, I will describe the
lighting designs that we came up with for the Shakespeare's play "Hamlet, Prince of Denmark"
First of all, we have our main lighting techniques for the majority of the scenes contributing to the
environment and the overall mood of the play. These are that our world is pretty dim since we are in
space and we do not have too much light coming in, only those from ... Show more content on
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Therefore, the colors filling our world are mainly dark blue, purples, and a combination of soft and
bright whites. This would provide the audience a sense of how serious and suspense is everything
that is happening with these characters. The lights are changing quite smoothly throughout the play
since our time is moving slowly due to how tense the environment feels. However, the However,
when the three most important scenes take place the lights are transition abruptly changing from a
mysterious mood to a tragic and dramatic one. The directional lighting is from a single light source,
which is the moon. Therefore, it is produced by a follow spot creating an unpleasant look of the
characters. The area lighting is outside of the stationary spacecraft where most of the scenes will
take place.
Following, I will explain the three specific moments that we chose to light up during the play. First,
we have scene where King Hamlet ghost appears before Hamlet to tell him the secret of his death.
For this moment, the world stays dim, not too much brightness providing a suspenseful mood and
kind of scary environment. The colors choice is a combination

Designing An Effective User Interface Essay
There are many moving parts that work together to create an effective user interface. This idea is
exemplified in Notes on Design Practice: Stories and Prototypes as Catalysts for Communication by
Thomas Erickson because he gives the reader a nice overview of all of the creative pieces that go
into this design process from start to finish. On a more focused level, Prototyping for Tiny Fingers
by Marc Rettig puts a key element of that process under a microscope and breaks down what makes
it so vital and how to get the most out of it. Together, these articles present clear and time–tested
guidelines for efficient and creatively cost–effective interface development. Erickson talks about the
some of the various methods that designers employ when they tackle issues found within their
projects. Erickson focuses on the issues that stem from such areas as: problem setting (specifically
the clear definition of what it is), team building as carried out by interdisciplinary groups, effective
user involvement to assist in guiding the design process, the iterative process which is the
foundation of collaborative design when developing prototypes, and the idea of design transfer,
which is basically the concept that within large organizations, those who design a product are
frequently not the same individuals as those who implement it. Erickson describes the early stage of
the design process as the exploratory stage, which is the point where the general requirements are
outlined and basic

Solo Performance Theatre : The Theorist, The Theory And...
Solo Performance Theatre Report
Contents
Theatre In Context: The Theorist, the theory and the contexts............... Theatre Processes: Physical
explorations and development of the solo theatre Piece.........
Presenting Theatre: Evaluation of the Solo Theatre Piece and my Personal Reflections........
The Theorist, the theory and the contexts
The Theorist that I have chosen is Robert Wilson, who is an American avante garde theatre
practitioner from Waco, Texas. Wilson has also been a sound and lighting designer. I chose this
theorist because I was interested by the fact that he grew up with an auditory processing diagnosis
(Koniasberg) which is also a diagnosis that I have. Wilson is well known for his collaboration with
other artists such as Philip Glass on Einstein on the Beach as well as Lady Gaga. Wilson often
pushes the boundaries of theatre. In other words, "His works are noted for their austere style, very
slow movement, and often extreme scale in space or in time" (Duffie) Furthermore, "His work is
particularly distinguished by its unusual combinations of dance, movement, light, sculpture, music
and words" (Goethe Institute) Wilsons work continues to show a high level of diversity and contrast.
Wilson does not like traditional theatre, because when he visited shows on Broadway in New York
during his time there, he never enjoyed any of the performances that he watched. Wilson work has
certainly been significant in changing the perception and forms in which theatre can be performed

Eye Health And Vision : Macular Degeneration
KIRANDEEP KAUR PROF.DR. TOBI ABRAMSON
HSCI 410 F01 OCTOBER 23rd, 2016
PROJECT: EYE HEALTH AND VISION
Macular Degeneration is depreciation of the central portion of the retina, which records the images
being sent by an eye and is located on the inside back layer of the eye. Retina sends images via the
optic nerve from the eye to the brain. Macula is another name for retina's central portion and is
responsible for focusing central vision in the eye. This controls person's capability to read, drive a
ca, recognizes faces or colors. As per one of the article Macular degenerations have said to be the
leading cause of vision loss, which affects more than 10 million Americans– more than cataracts and
glaucoma. It is one of the incurable eye disease. Dry and wet are two types of Macular degeneration.
It is being researched that 85% to 90% are dry cases and 10–15% are the wet cases of Macular
degeneration. Age related Macular degeneration(AMD) consists of three stages. In early AMD stage
one does not experience vision loss. In Intermediate AMD stage there is some vision loss, but no
noticeable symptoms. Late AMD is more sever with vision loss being noticeable. According to one
of the article Age related macular degeneration is a pathological change in the central portion of the
retina. Early AMD, clinical signs of retinal disease are detected on routine examination, but

Workplace Observation Paper
Brandon began working in Graphic Design professionally for 7 years, he has some intern and
freelance work prior to his professional background. Brandon is currently working on a contract role
under Addecco, at ETS–Educational of testing servicing. He is doing the illustration of the testing
graphics and charts. He has been there since Aug. He works on testing for multiple states. Each state
is different some are in print and some are online. They use Illustrator for all the testing graphics and
charts. Brandon does anything in text or tables or illustrations both in print and web based. Prior to
Brandon worked for an advertising agency for a year, (ESD) a digital advertising agency. His largest
client was Methodist Heath Care. They did posters

The Growth Of Early Los Angeles
To tell the story of the growth of early Los Angeles it is necessary to visit the culturally significant
union station in old downtown on Alameda street. The buildings owes it begging to the American
phenomenon of the railroad, the institution that allowed for American expansion into the modern era
and more specifically the growth of the west coast metropolis of Los Angeles that prior was just a
small Spanish town. Just across the street from the Avila adobe, one of the first and oldest existing
Spanish settlements in L.A., lays Union station, a building that holds on to the city's Spanish roots
through Spanish mission style architecture. At the time of its erection, the building not only told the
story of the small Spanish town that Los Angeles was but also hinted at the industrial metropolis that
Los Angeles would be through the art deco language. Through the fine usage and mixture of
elements at a macro and micro scale, Union Station successfully mixes the two languages of Art
Deco modern and Spanish mission style to form a landmark that is a remnant of a significant
transitional period in LA's history. Just like many other U.S cities during the early 20th century los
angles experienced a period of unprecedented industrial growth and population increase that
followed. Furthermore there was the need for a transportation hub that would serve as a common
stop for vital transcontinental rail lines that supported the city's industry, which included the Union
Pacific

Graphic Design Papers
Graphic design is a creative and demanding career. To be successful in this profession you must be
willing to delicate the time and effort required for success. The main role of the graphic designer is
to determine what message they want to portray for a specific audience, as well as designing
and/creating visuals that represent the message. The graphic designer develops the overall layout of
the project using a wide variety of creative tools to communicate a message. Throughout the paper, I
will discuss various aspects about graphic design and the designers themselves. On average, a
graphic designer will make between $40,000 and $50,000 per year. Salary is determined by a
number of factors such as, experience, size of company and location of employer. Larger companies,
like Bell and Rogers, will usually pay more than smaller clients like libraries. Bell and Rogers pay
between $50,000 and $60,000, whereas others will pay $40,000 to $50,000. Canada's national
average for graphic ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Some jobs that are directly related include, animator, advertising, graphic designer, illustration, and
production. The jobs that are indirectly related include architecture, illustrators, artists, etc. All of
these jobs touch on different points of graphic design. However, the common theme is design. These
are just some of the many possibilities. Graphic design is a great skill to have. If you are looking for
places to live based on job opportunities as a graphic designer, San Francisco, California is what is
known to graphic designers as the "City Of Extremes." It is known as that because there are many
jobs, and so many freelance opportunities. The pay is also $77,940 U.S. (on average). That's
$98,375 Canadian. That is significantly higher than the Canadian average. That would be a great
incentive to

Natural Daylight And Artificial Lighting Systems Essay
ESSAY TOPIC:
In a modern building daylight can provide most of our lighting needs for the vast majority of the
working day. It is therefore unnecessary to spend too much time in designing artificial lighting
systems.
Table of Contents:
Introduction
Properties (of light)
Health and Safety Regulation
Environmental issues
Seasonal Impact
Building structure
Impact on alternate building services and usages
Economical Impact
Conclusion
Introduction
This report will discuss the advantages, disadvantages and details of both natural daylight and
artificial lighting systems in terms of developing within a commercial property. The report provides
detailed research and analysis concerning the subject topic in order to give a comprehensive view of
various lighting types and methods. Light is an electromagnetic radiation visible to the human eye,
the wavelengths visible to humans range between 380nm (nanometers) to 740nm. Light behaves as
a wave – it undergoes reflection, refraction, and diffraction just like any wave would.
Properties
Natural and artificial light have varying properties that affects their capability and appropriateness
these properties regularly impact their surroundings. Natural light comes in a spectrum of colours,
which are the visible rays. Also on the colour spectrum are shorter wavelengths, named ultraviolet
rays and higher wavelengths, known as infrared rays. Both of these are not visible to us. Exposure to
the sunlight can help

The Effect Of Daylight And Control On Artificial Light And...
ABSTRACT: Availability of daylight in a building not only improves the well–being of an
individual but also plays an important role in reducing our dependence on artificial light and the
operational cost of a building. Daylight if not controlled could cause the major problem of solar heat
gain in a building and thus causing an increase in the air–conditioning cost of the building especially
in warm climates. Offices being one of the building categories that need to be well lit regardless of
their size and location, it is important to optimize the daylight and control the heat gain in an office
building. This paper discusses the different daylight strategies to achieve this.
1. INTRODUCTION "A room is not a room without natural light." –Louis I Khan
Buildings in the residential, commercial and public sectors are responsible for 20–40% of the total
energy consumption in the world [Pérez–Lombard, L. Ortiz, J. and Pout, C., (2008)]. Around 70%
of this consumption is spent on artificial light and air–conditioning systems [Energy Information
Administration, (2008)]. Especially in office buildings as shown in Fig.1.1 [Guide to Best Practice
Maintenance & Operation of HVAC Systems for Energy Efficiency (January 2012)] that the energy
consumption due to HVAC is 39% and lighting is 25%. In countries having warm climates like India
require cooling of buildings for almost 6–8 months to provide thermal comfort to the occupants. The
energy

Advantages And Disadvantages Of Cad
Unconventional Computer–Aided Design
Tailoring the Future of Fashion Industry
1. Introduction
1.1 Computer– Aided Design (CAD)
Computer–aided design (CAD), also known as computer–aided design and drafting (CADD),
generally means the use of computer technology for the purpose of design and design–
documentation. CAD can be used to design curves, figures or solids in two–dimensional (2D) or
three–dimensional (3D) spaces and it also provides graphics showing the overall appearances of
products. Besides, CAD software is able to assist designers in creation, analysis, modification and
optimization of design, and it also offers designers input tools so that they can easily streamline
whole design process, including idea generation, sketching and manufacturing processes.
The applications of CAD software are almost endless: designing machines, creating the structure of
buildings, or creating cars and airplanes. CAD software are also widely used in advertising,
technical manuals and even computer animation for the special effects in movies. CAD has brought
a lot of benefits, such as a shortened product ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
In CAD design, designers will be never afraid to draw on the paper since they can erase by simply
clicking mouse and draw again. Besides, designers can view their designs of clothing on the virtual
models in various colors and shapes, which save time by offering fewer adjustments of samples and
prototypes later. There are many advantages of CAD in sketching, like easier modification, better
visualization, however, the major advantage is that CAD software provides many handy tools that
are unable to be used in traditional manual drawing method. CAD software reduces the demand for
manual sketches and is continuing to replace old manual skills by updating itself. Besides, once
being more skilled using CAD software, a designer will be able to find out more advantages of CAD
instead of manual sketching (Some

In the year 2009, there were 39.6 million adults who were...
In the year 2009, there were 39.6 million adults who were 65 years or older. Baby Boomers made up
about 12.9% of the population or roughly 1 in every 8 humans. By the year 2030, this number is
expected to almost double making 72.9 million adults who are aged 65 years or older making up for
an astounding 19% of the world's population. All in all, 5% of the world's population are in nursing
homes. Lighting should be a primary concern to those living in, working in, and designing Nursing
Homes.
Light helps to regulate circadian rhythms, neuroendocrine responses, and seasonal cycles. (Brawley
& Noell, 2008, Pages 2 & 11). Circadian rhythms help derive patterns of sleeping and eating. These
circadian rhythms can be triggered by light and are ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
According to Health and Human Services, the annual direct cost of fractures alone is $18 billion.
"...Lighting can and will make a greater difference in the success of a healthcare setting than any
other single feature except the healthcare itself" (Brawley, 2008, Page, 5).
Light levels in Nursing homes must be increased to make up for the loss of visual acuity that occurs
within the aging eye. In order to provide the needed amount of light for older adults, light levels
need to be raised, balancing of natural light and artificial light must occur, as well as the elimination
of glare. The elimination of glare is critical. As adults age, glare and reflection become real
problems and play key roles in contributing to agitation, confusion, and anger; this in turn, inhibits
activity and compromises safety (Brawley, 2006, Page 8).
When designing an elder care facility, designers and architects should be very conscious of the LRV
(Light Reflectance Values) within a space. LRV is a measurement taken of the usable light reflected
from a surface when illuminated (Wikipedia, 2013). For a more energy–efficient lighting solution,
ceiling should be placed at 9–10 feet high. In conglomeration to this, use of lighter more reflective
paint should be used in a ceiling so that at least 80% of the light is reflected back down to the
surface. (Brawley, 2008, Page 9). Flooring surfaces should reflect a minimum of 30–40% of light
back up and

A Study Of Tamara Harrison's Experience In The Fashion...
For our first FD3 guest speaker we had footwear designer Tamara Harrison come to speak to the
class about her experience in the fashion industry. Tamara has always wanted to be involve in the
fashion industry from a young age. She started her education at Santa Ana College and moved on to
FIDM to study Fashion Design. While attending college she worked as a waitress and a temp,
during her time as atemp she began working as a receptionist for Billabong, after posting her resume
on monster.com. She held the job as a receptionsit for Billabong for eigth months until was
promoted to Product Developer for the company. Tamara then moved on to custom footwear for 6
1/2 years until moving on to Rocket Dog, where she has been for two years. Rocket Dog

The Effects of Advancements in Lighting on The Theatre...
Without light, the theatre cannot exist, that much is certain. As actors, as audience members, as
technical visionaries, we are only as powerful as the light we are given. The extent to which we
depend upon light in performance has changed dramatically throughout history, however, as light
technology developed and expanded. In the history of performance, the artistic community is
constantly victim to the limits of lighting technology, and exponentially altered by breakthroughs.
From the utilization of candles and natural light to isolated light and electricity, the histories of
illumination and theatre are virtually inseparable, and continue to push the boundaries of live
performance. Like any journey, it is necessary to begin with a ... Show more content on
Helpwriting.net ...
Having only heightened text and elaborate spectacles to guide them, much of the subtlety,
specificity, and emotion must have been lost in translation. Additionally, indoor performances,
primarily requested by courts and nobility, specifically used candles and torches as sources of
illumination. Candles were placed at the front of the stage, between the wings leading to the stage,
and above both the stage in order to frame the players. Chandeliers were also hung above those in
attendance, to create a sense of audience. This marks both the first appearances of footlights in the
theatre and, though basic, the beginning of a formulaic structure for lighting a performance space.
Issues prevailed, however – there were still no successful methods for specific lighting, unless an
actor held the light themselves to illuminate their face, nor were colored lights or gobo devices
available. Though lighting was making its way into the theatrical world, it was purely technical, not
called upon to be inventive, create illusions or accomplish tasks at this point in time. Limited design
innovations were mostly rooted in the scarce advancements made with regard to lighting technology.
Where this began to change and evolve was in the early 1800s, when the gaslight was introduced
into the performing arts sphere. The new technology was brought into the theatre industry by
William Murdoch and later F.A. Winsor, who used the lights to replace candles in framing the stage

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