Running head: USING IT TO MODEL BEHAVIOR FOR POLICY MAKING 1 USING IT TO MODEL BEHAVIOR FOR POLICY MAKING 9 Using IT to Model Behaviour for Policy Making Naga Devika Cheekati University of The Cumberlands Annotated Bibliography Li, W., & Zhang, X. (2014). Simulation of the smart grid communications: Challenges, techniques, and future trends. Computers & Electrical Engineering, 40(1), 270-288. Li and Zhang (2014), investigate how technology can be used in a simulation that would aid in determining how effectively smart grid technology can be implemented. The successful implementation of smart grid technology requires the combination of several different frameworks that rely on information communication technology to aid in the regulation of power created and supplied. A simulation of possible communication networks that can be used is made in the study as a way of testing the viability of a smart grid system and its application in reality. The paper successfully identifies various simulation frameworks that can be used to successfully gauge how the system can be created. The findings show that information technology can play an integral role in creating simulations that can support policymaking. Sarabando, C., Cravino, J. P., & Soares, A. A. (2014). Contribution of a computer simulation to students' learning of the physics concepts of weight and mass. Procedia Technology, 13, 112-121. Sarabando, Cravino, and Soares (2014) investigate the use of computer simulation to analyse how students learn key concepts of physics. Software is used to analyse common learning processes used in teaching physics. Students in the sample population were asked to carry out learning activities ordinarily on the traditional learning environment. The results were then compared to learning activities that were carried out using computer software. The findings showed that the use of computer simulation in learning improved the retention rate, while the language used by teachers also impacted the speed of learning. The findings of the study can be used in the formulation of learning policies, which shows that IT simulation can be successfully used in the formulation of public policy. Mensah, P., Merkuryev, Y., & Longo, .. F. (2015). Using ICT in Developing a Resilient Supply Chain Strategy. Procedia Computer Science, 43, 101-108. Mensah, Merkuryev, and Longo (2015) analyse how simulation can be used to improve supply chain performance. According to the study, many different factors impact on the performance of a supply chain, some of which are not taken into consideration when designing supply chain activities. Through simulation aided by information technology, all key factors that influence the performance of the supply chain can be analysed in-depth and included in simulation models. The models are then used to analyse how a supply chain will perform under different c.

1. Running head: USING IT TO MODEL BEHAVIOR FOR
POLICY MAKING 1
USING IT TO MODEL BEHAVIOR FOR POLICY MAKING
9
Using IT to Model Behaviour for Policy Making
Naga Devika Cheekati
University of The Cumberlands
Annotated Bibliography
Li, W., & Zhang, X. (2014). Simulation of the smart grid
communications: Challenges, techniques, and future trends.
Computers & Electrical Engineering, 40(1), 270-288.
Li and Zhang (2014), investigate how technology can be used in
a simulation that would aid in determining how effectively

2. smart grid technology can be implemented. The successful
implementation of smart grid technology requires the
combination of several different frameworks that rely on
information communication technology to aid in the regulation
of power created and supplied. A simulation of possible
communication networks that can be used is made in the study
as a way of testing the viability of a smart grid system and its
application in reality. The paper successfully identifies various
simulation frameworks that can be used to successfully gauge
how the system can be created. The findings show that
information technology can play an integral role in creating
simulations that can support policymaking.
Sarabando, C., Cravino, J. P., & Soares, A. A. (2014).
Contribution of a computer simulation to students' learning of
the physics concepts of weight and mass. Procedia Technology,
13, 112-121.
Sarabando, Cravino, and Soares (2014) investigate the use of
computer simulation to analyse how students learn key concepts
of physics. Software is used to analyse common learning
processes used in teaching physics. Students in the sample
population were asked to carry out learning activities ordinarily
on the traditional learning environment. The results were then
compared to learning activities that were carried out using
computer software. The findings showed that the use of
computer simulation in learning improved the retention rate,
while the language used by teachers also impacted the speed of
learning. The findings of the study can be used in the
formulation of learning policies, which shows that IT simulation
can be successfully used in the formulation of public policy.
Mensah, P., Merkuryev, Y., & Longo, .. F. (2015). Using ICT in
Developing a Resilient Supply Chain Strategy. Procedia
Computer Science, 43, 101-108.
Mensah, Merkuryev, and Longo (2015) analyse how simulation
can be used to improve supply chain performance. According to
the study, many different factors impact on the performance of a
supply chain, some of which are not taken into consideration

3. when designing supply chain activities. Through simulation
aided by information technology, all key factors that influence
the performance of the supply chain can be analysed in-depth
and included in simulation models. The models are then used to
analyse how a supply chain will perform under different
conditions, which aids managers in making better decisions
about key design elements of their supply. Similar models can
also be used in the design of key government processes and
policies, using data collected on different variables that affect
the performance of these processes.
Belaud, J., Negny, S., Dupros, F., Michéa, D., & Vautrin, B.
(2014). Collaborative simulation and scientific big data
analysis: Illustration for sustainability in natural hazards
management and chemical process engineering. Computers in
Industry, 65(3), 521-535.
Belaud, Negny, Dupros, Michéa, and Vautrin (2014), study the
use of computer-aided simulation to investigate the possible
ways of managing hazards in chemical processing facilities.
According to the study, many different hazards are faced in
chemical processing. Through simulation, it is possible to
identify effective ways of managing these hazards as well as
identifying the possible effects they can have on an organization
as well as the environment. Through simulation, how different
hazards can be successfully managed while taking into
consideration the different environmental factors that exist in
chemical processing are identified using 3D visualization and
virtual process analysis. The findings of the study indicate that
computer-aided simulation can be successfully used to analyse
the effects of different government policies relating to the
environment.
Achachlouei, M., & Hilty, L. (2015). Modeling the Effects of
ICT on Environmental Sustainability: Revisiting a System
Dynamics Model Developed for the European Commission. ICT
Innovations for Sustainability, 449-474.
Achachlouei and Hilty (2015), study the use of simulation
models to investigate the possible effects of information

4. communication technology on environmental sustainability. ICT
is believed to have a major impact on information technology
both positively and negatively. A computer-generated model is
used to analyse all the possible effects that ICT can have the
environment especially relating to greenhouse gas emissions.
The findings of the simulation indicate that generally ICT
contributes positively to environmental sustainability and is an
effective means that can be used to manage greenhouse
emissions from different sources. The findings indicate that
computer-aided simulation models can be successfully used in
providing information that can aid in the formulation of crucial
government policies on the environment.
Hilty, L., & Aebischer, B. (2015). ICT for Sustainability: An
Emerging Research Field. ICT Innovations for Sustainability, 3-
36.
Hilty and Aebischer (2015), analyse how simulation models can
be used in the management of different types of resources as a
way of contributing to sustainability. According to the study,
different organizations can attain sustainability by efficiently
using resources and identifying processes that contribute to
conservation. Using simulation models aided by information
technology, it is possible to identify highly efficient ways of
using different resources, which aids in minimizing wastage and
consequently contributes to sustainability. The study
identifies a variety of simulation models that can be used to
achieve this purpose including green ICT. The findings of the
study indicate that information technology when used in
simulations can enable government agencies to make policies on
the most effective ways of using certain resources as a way of
contributing to sustainability.
Baiardi, F., Corò, F., Tonelli, F., & Sgandurra, D. (2014).
Automating the assessment of ICT risk. Journal of Information
Security and Applications, 19(3), 182-193
Baiardi, Corò, Tonelli, and Sgandurra (2014), use simulation
models to analyse the risk that ICT systems pose in
organizational contexts. According to the study, ICT plays an

5. increasingly prominent role in the successful operation of
modern-day organizations. There is little information however
on the possible effects that a failure of the system to perform as
intended can have on an organization. Using a simulation
model, the study investigates the different components of ICT
systems and the risks that they pose to an organization. The
findings of the study indicate that each component of the ICT
system used by an organization needs to be investigated
separately if all the risks that it poses are to be accurately
identified. The findings of the study can be used in creating
simulation models that risk that the use of ICT poses to the
operation of the public sector.
Khan, Z., Ludlow, D., Loibl, & Soomro, K. (2014). ICT enabled
participatory urban planning and policy development: The
UrbanAPI project. Transforming Government: People,
Processes, and Policy, 8(2), 205-229.
Khan, Ludlow, Loibl, and Soomro (2014), investigate how ICT
models can be used in simulations that are meant to identify
efficient urban plans for policy development. Using virtual
simulation models, different urban plans are analysed in terms
of their key features and different variables such as cost. Other
considerations are also made about each model after which
comparisons are made until the most efficient model is
identified. Using this model, urban planners can be able to
quickly compare different models and suggestions and make
improvements that can be used to make policies on how actual
development should take place. The findings of the paper
indicate that ICT simulation is an effective tool that can be used
to provide information for public policymaking.
Baptista, G., Oliveira, T., & Popovic, A. (2014). Understanding
the Internet banking adoption: A unified theory of acceptance
and use of technology and perceived risk application.
International Journal of Information Management, 34(1), 1-13.
Baptista, Oliveira, and Popovic (2014) create a model that
analyses key factors that people take into consideration when
deciding whether or not to adopt internet banking. As part of

6. the study, the authors examine societal attitudes and factors that
influence the use of technology to carry out important
transactions. Using a sample of 249 cases the study identifies
social influence and the relevant technical know-how as being
the main factors that influence the rate of adoption of internet
banking. The study shows that most people are comfortable with
technological innovations that are widely accepted and that are
known to have relatively low risk. The findings of the paper can
be used in public policymaking about popular technological
innovations that are considered to be controversial.
Attuquayefio, S., & Addo, H. (2014). Using the UTAUT model
to analyze students' ICT adoption. International Journal of
Education and Development using ICT, 10(3).
Attuquayefio and Addo (2014), analyses the adoption of
information communication technology among college students
using the unified theory of acceptance and use of technology
(UTAUT). The main purpose of the study was to identify key
factors that influence the intention and decision of college
students to use ICT in their studies. A sample of 400 students
was selected and online questionnaires used to identify how
students in the sample used ICT. Performance expectancy and
social influence were identified not having a statistically
significant impact on the decision to use technology by students
in the sample population. The findings indicate that simulation
can provide useful information that can be used in making
policies affecting education.

7. References
Achachlouei, M., & Hilty, L. (2015). Modeling the Effects of
ICT on Environmental Sustainability: Revisiting a System
Dynamics Model Developed for the European Commission. ICT
Innovations for Sustainability, 449-474. Retrieved from
https://link.springer.com/chapter/10.1007/978-3-319-09228-
7_27
Attuquayefio, S., & Addo, H. (2014). Using the UTAUT model
to analyze students' ICT adoption. International Journal of
Education and Development using ICT, 10(3).
Baiardi, F., Corò, F., Tonelli, F., & Sgandurra, D. (2014).
Automating the assessment of ICT risk. Journal of Information
Security and Applications, 19(3), 182-193.
Baptista, G., Oliveira, T., & Popovic, A. (2014). Understanding
the Internet banking adoption: A unified theory of acceptance
and use of technology and perceived risk application.
International Journal of Information Management, 34(1), 1-13.
Belaud, J., Negny, S., Dupros, F., Michéa, D., & Vautrin, B.
(2014). Collaborative simulation and scientific big data
analysis: Illustration for sustainability in natural hazards
management and chemical process engineering. Computers in
Industry, 65(3), 521-535.
Hilty, L., & Aebischer, B. (2015). ICT for Sustainability: An
Emerging Research Field. ICT Innovations for Sustainability, 3-
36.
Khan, Z., Ludlow, D., Loibl, & Soomro, K. (2014). ICT enabled
participatory urban planning and policy development: The
UrbanAPI project. Transforming Government: People,
Processes, and Policy, 8(2), 205-229.
Li, W., & Zhang, X. (2014). Simulation of the smart grid
communications: Challenges, techniques, and future trends.

8. Computers & Electrical Engineering, 40(1), 270-288.
Mensah, P., Merkuryev, Y., & Longo, .. F. (2015). Using ICT in
Developing a Resilient Supply Chain Strategy. Procedia
Computer Science, 43, 101-108.
Sarabando, C., Cravino, J. P., & Soares, A. A. (2014).
Contribution of a computer simulation to students' learning of
the physics concepts of weight and mass. Procedia Technology,
13, 112-121.
Research Paper Rubric
Component 100% 75% 50% 25% 0
Basic
Requirements
Formatted correctly, at
least 500 words in
length, citation page
and internal citations
correct (APA format), at
least 2 cited peer
reviewed sources.
Does not meet required
page length, and/or
does not have 2 cited
peer reviewed sources.
Thesis
Statement

9. Engaging, challenging,
and clearly focuses the
paper. Effectively
stated in the
introduction and
carried throughout the
paper.
Clear and articulate,
engaging and clearly
focuses the paper, but
is not challenging. Is
effectively carried
throughout the paper.
Clearly stated in the
introduction, attempts
to be engaging, is
adequate, but lacks
insight and focus, and is
carried through the
paper.
Included in the
introduction, but is
vague. Lacks insight,
focus, and is not carried
throughout the paper.
Is vague or may be
lacking in the
introduction; is not
focused and lacks
development; is not
carried throughout the
paper.

10. Introduction Strong and effective, it
is engaging and clearly
defines the thesis, as
well as provides a
foundation for the body
of the paper.
Effective and engaging,
defines the thesis and
provides foundation for
the body of the paper.
Introduces the topic of
the paper and builds a
connection between
the topic, the thesis,
and the body of the
paper. Informative but
not engaging or strong.
Introduces the topic of
the paper loosely and
includes the thesis
statement. Provides
little information
regarding the topic.
Includes little more
than the thesis and
shows no demonstrable
knowledge of the topic
of the paper.
Content

11. Strongly and vividly
supports the thesis and
is reflective of strong,
thorough research.
Illustrates extensive
knowledge of the topic.
Every aspect of the
thesis is supported by
quality academic
research.
Strongly supports the
thesis and is reflective
of good, thorough
research. Illustrates
knowledge of the topic,
but could be extended.
Most aspects of the
thesis are supported by
quality academic
research.
Supports the thesis and
reflects research, and
illustrates adequate
knowledge of the topic.
Could be extended and
shows some gaps in
understanding of the
topic. Although there
may be some
inconsistencies with
support from quality
academic research.

12. Related to the thesis
but reflects inadequate
research and
knowledge of the topic,
and demonstrates a
lack of understanding.
There may be a lack of
support from quality
academic research.
Does not convey
adequate
understanding of the
topic, the research, or
the thesis. There are
many unsupported
aspects of the thesis
and the research lacks
quality sources.
Organization Effectively organized.
Logical structure of
points and smooth
transitions convey both
understanding of topic
and care in writing.
Well organized, but
may lack some
transitions between
ideas. Logical structure
of most ideas conveys
understanding of topic
and composition.
Ideas are logically

13. structured, but may
lack transitions
between ideas. Could
benefit from
reorganizing 1 or 2
ideas.
Some significant gaps in
organization are
present but the basic
framework of ideas is
logical. Overall
organization could be
improved.
Much of the paper lacks
organization of ideas,
making it difficult to
understand the ideas
expressed in the paper.
Citation Format APA format is used
accurately as needed
throughout the entire
paper.
APA format is used
throughout the entire
paper, but may show
variations or slight
inconsistencies of
format.
APA format is used
throughout the entire
paper, but may be

14. noticeably inconsistent
in format.
APA format is used
inaccurately and
inconsistently in the
paper.
APA is not used
(regardless of the
number of sources or
citations).
Conclusion Strongly and clearly
connects the thesis
statement to the
research to draw a
specific conclusion that
does not leave the
reader with questions
regarding the thesis.
Clearly connects the
thesis statement and
the research to draw a
clear conclusion that
draws the research to a
logical close.
Connects the thesis
statement and research
to draw a conclusion
regarding the research.
Restates the topic
statements throughout
the paper.

15. Restates the thesis and
the topic statements,
but does not draw any
specific conclusion
about the research or
the thesis.
There is no conclusion;
it restates the thesis at
best.
Conventions Conventions of
standard written
English are used with
accuracy; there are few,
if any, minor errors.
Conventions of
standard written
English are used; there
may be several minor
errors of usage.
Conventions of
standard written
English are used;
however, there may be
a few major errors and
few minor errors of
usage.
Conventions of
standard written
English are used with
numerous major errors

16. and several minor
errors of usage.
The paper shows
significant errors in
conventions of
standard written
English.