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- 1. Running Head: PATHOPHYSIOLOGY 1 PATHOPHYSIOLOGY 5 Pathophysiology Student name School Instructor Date Rheumatoid Arthritis (RA) is a joint inflammatory disorder that can, at times, extend the effects to other body organs like lungs and blood vessels; The condition complicates the body's immune system with the advancement of the symptoms( explain types of symptoms) and citation needed(>>>>>>>>) Patients suffering from RA are prune to severe conditions that may arise as the condition matures. patients have distinct symptoms expressed outwardly based on the level and stage of the inflammatory disorder, some of which are similar to those expressed by the patients in the case study. The condition is not hereditary or family born but thought to result from genetic risk factors such as…… (citation needed) The patient in the case study was aware that increased inflammatory could result in the highlighted symptoms and thus presented them to identify whether they were emanating from the condition or any other source of infection. Identify the genes that may be associated with the development of the disease. A variety of gene pairs are associated with the RA condition as significant risk factors. The causative genes to the condition are
- 2. suspended in the immune system function ( citation). Change in human Leukocyte antigen genes (HLA) in the significant contributor to Rheumatoid Arthritis ( citation needed). The genes, RLA-DRB1, are highly associated with triggering the Rheumatoid Arthritis condition. It is associated with the production f body proteins. The HLA proteins assist the immune system in distinguishing immune proteins and those proteins produced by body invaders like viruses (Soo P, n.d). Variation in other genes has a little impact on the condition ( citation needed). Explain the process of immunosuppression and the effect it has on body systems. Immunosuppression is a process that subdues the human immune system to individuals undergoing organ transplants or those with autoimmune conditions like Rheumatoid Arthritis(>>>>>>>>). The process involves administering drugs to ensure that the immune system does not repel the organs being transplanted (McCance & Huether, 2019). The physicians must first carry an examination of different body organs them makes a prescription to the patient. After the examination, a strict medical plan or therapy session is created, which patients should stickily follow. During the process, the doctor monitors the patients effectively on a close observation. Immunosuppression has different side effects in the body, some of which arise due to the drugs ( citation needed). The effects include; decrease in bony density, a decrease in muscle functioning, effect on the operation of muscle fiber, which reduces muscle protein production and cases of hyperglycemia and severe diabetes. The effects get controlled through regular exercise. This paragraph should lead to the 4th or next paragraph this p Invasive Aspergillosis is a condition resulting from inhaling spores available in the environment. The spores germinate and enter blood vessels resulting in the condition. Risk factors associated with the condition include organ transplant and neutropenia. The condition is common to individuals with
- 3. immunosuppression or immunocompromised patients (McCance & Huether, 2019). Invasive Aspergillus mostly infect open spaces like the pulmonary cavities. A flavus commonly results in the condition for this case as it is more pronounced to individuals severely immunosuppressed than those infected by A. fumigatus. In the lungs, focal infection results in the formation of Aspergilloma enclosed by fibrous tissues. At times the fungi invade local areas but mostly reside in the cavity. The chronic invasive Aspergillosis commonly infects patients prescribed with the long-term corticosteroid. With the case projected in this paper, the patients attracted the spores in the environment during his daily duty. What gene are affected with this diseases? This paper focused more on the RA instead of the Invasive Aspergillosis, How does RA and Invasive Aspergillosis relate together? Detailed and specific analysis of the genes that may be associated with the development of the disease. · The detailed, and specific explanation of the pathophysiological processes that may be associated with the development of the diagnosed condition. Explain why you think the patient presented the symptoms described. References McCance, K. L. & Huether, S. E. (2019). Pathophysiology: The biologic basis for disease in adults and children (8th ed.). St. Louis, MO: Mosby/Elsevier. Soo P. (n.d.). Pathophysiology Ch 10 Alterations in Immune Function. YouTube. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Jz0wx1-jTds QNT/561: Applied Business Research & Statistics Wk 6 - Signature Assignment Top of Form Bottom of Form
- 4. Assignment Content 1. Top of Form Purpose of Assignment The purpose of this assignment is for students to synthesize the concepts learned throughout the course. This assignment will provide students an opportunity to build critical thinking skills, develop businesses and organizations, and solve problems requiring data by compiling all pertinent information into one report. Resources: Microsoft Excel®, Signature Assignment Databases, Signature Assignment Options, Part 3: Inferential Statistics Scenario: Upon successful completion of the MBA program, imagine you work in the analytics department for a consulting company. Your assignment is to analyze one of the following databases: · Manufacturing · Hospital · Consumer Food · Financial Select one of the databases based on the information in the Signature Assignment Options. Provide a 1,600-word detailed, four part, statistical report with the following sections: · Part 1 - Preliminary Analysis · Part 2 - Examination of Descriptive Statistics · Part 3 - Examination of Inferential Statistics · Part 4 - Conclusion/Recommendations Part 1 - Preliminary Analysis Generally, as a statistics consultant, you will be given a problem and data. At times, you may have to gather additional
- 5. data. For this assignment, assume all the data is already gathered for you. State the objective: · What are the questions you are trying to address? Describe the population in the study clearly and in sufficient detail: · What is the sample? Discuss the types of data and variables: · Are the data quantitative or qualitative? · What are levels of measurement for the data? Part 2 - Descriptive Statistics Examine the given data. Present the descriptive statistics (mean, median, mode, range, standard deviation, variance, CV, and five-number summary). Identify any outliers in the data. Present any graphs or charts you think are appropriate for the data. Note: Ideally, we want to assess the conditions of normality too. However, for the purpose of this exercise, assume data is drawn from normal populations. Part 3 - Inferential Statistics Use the Part 3: Inferential Statistics document. · Create (formulate) hypotheses · Run formal hypothesis tests · Make decisions. Your decisions should be stated in non-
- 6. technical terms. Hint: A final conclusion saying "reject the null hypothesis" by itself without explanation is basically worthless to those who hired you. Similarly, stating the conclusion is false or rejected is not sufficient. Part 4 - Conclusion and Recommendations Include the following: · What are your conclusions? · What do you infer from the statistical analysis? · State the interpretations in non-technical terms. What information might lead to a different conclusion? · Are there any variables missing? · What additional information would be valuable to help draw a more certain conclusion? Format your assignment consistent with APA format. Submit your assignment. Option 1 - ManufacturerSIC CodeNo. Emp.No. Prod. Wkrs.Value Added by Mfg.Cost of MaterialsEnd Yr. Inven.Indus. Grp.2014333702351878713363012021318315724427743157120 32041692450627222873212041007021667370403407120522013 72071212030115512068969126401367436131207261842581913 01946120814372352103352171991209171126205481961231351 21121152344255575506221232287163422213221508314155221 46462426225542221524724714219929322274634307535714273 22313126731061325322417138177072673225169147898610421 20833226514131454140697322755444076712514463228847638 06899410143229614742765504129132312722123971635642322 00178942389262314423329425011045111212727423438321916
- 8. 25782299173641571171342811065307617365493734597621107 01736625812038705295919467173675883688405944486131451 73691511061392013398351417371772634105899223639158521 83723771904522042367368141837314110879037760216518374 31232590436312331837518141435167441218376812999868120 47701837947353564547611021838118668210718760618319382 27214129028180287681193842681573105116787776119385271 72390102042619386613614032811422901938764415382177193 91433027613646145120393131068550632820394103768327660 42608203953526264317897992039624191406997415203991791 23111998530286120 Option 2 - HospitalHospitalGeog. RegionControlServiceCensusBirthsPersonnel1121107312792211 11981077176231213561027231041111003553285711916818164 21159381010777441657357428421481131912125317331594101 11212572331111127169241126313043020313631430325146212 33204967615641221134716611111679176318426485051862121 92450154319631112146575520631124095921631501993325226 21142227595423621111149410912461114013136712563128451 30026621154168975327621150158360728631144201792929631 42995354306217720454083152111916861251325212750338633 52115126144342211792026204735221175141213433622146115 17172337132320963812174052939111414271936944012125310 74104241131180142110714211118476215254312124331941983 44121115496670451112151442165346132480167471311241107 79348121189298984149111181113316501119093511312803735 21212881732635311110810649435412115475960555721761317 59656731165175111655731229505685833110105075932169714 47960321129913661321185224314566232137839663486633211 14130888564332490243653211062514100166321460371433016 73214312633768341295561193693211251327116170321174153 22713111021618572331143392057331117312171224743212072 64117047532122379081576321825207127731164351567832113 91168176979321109793875803122980790813315203088231134 14708331216804948433221011185141390016188611147024487 12180776525881315045147289132113094901214514529791111
- 9. 76128484792131129123493221603194019422141821543928952 21172951989622113849612319722164589545982216280666399 21113170182010022126539682581101342456012981023224001 26103311310365525341043317202511053321908510634111204 32107312375086410833215066109321783063556110311123169 34711132154662391123219682797311313182570439114112110 60184911511130010211631256026211734136342885118331127 49454911931218006111203415903301215211270147112251137 07512354113286262124521100235328125331473393771263111 94398575127321172127519161285315165699262012953112013 64571130511179714703131241140053513223278016013323268 02021342211867791330135221910370136211340220231231375 11254334627451385211081071815139521613525761402211742 54502141212306080814223228050143221395699728144221923 24624087145211335331130121461214606814711131642073090 14814241601358149111743395761501218613028415132138911 45152321147114323121533422320112415431213803361553213 85094151563212451026177915731217103381583315144745315 93412811614371603127970261161721569226091627116956264 71637114078611647411630207416572123121222232166212523 09481672413104091682224301531692216671074117022123111 65162517114111466538172131144110678917313143376395174 34118509561753218263736217612249014417713124352229178 13163447396179121274122722561801319396373118114186303 81477182132280102183132250106184131181868939185531391 18939218651130228493516187521801728785188521632171607 18922131364273190222170063019111120329931379192121296 01108193131831964583194721846015141957112938721619672 11871946159319772177545105519851210403991995118583883 42005114751104 Option 3 - Consumer FoodAnnual Food Spending ($)Annual Household Income ($)Non mortgage household debt ($)Region: 1 = NE 2 = MW 3 = S 4 = WLocation: 1 = Metro 2 = Outside Metro890956697231801156843594570521110706526871614911 14112740412183911138556318218866111561979064218991126
- 11. 00363743292865187329631327987480031726132387536519135 79321074675152106593268884497423711325479489234594326 94943769212213210650759473335732518841423336413253114 01891779132469136772582932805659690195943211304536542 30663281125906724032869665962032586937254101573237763 35681414332118295693403213087888221756541109865963527 86341576238407188674111617786271189441989547710229304 11629364443316874181855887135424411397287954115494111 24354778125524146353982519494411006349536121954184266 01021378741743649139223564111747510524553411539770500 12025416842548941621741967860570410641128525762531228 41101145695625907418496614001093416689505321710641156 96727741779341984169981216074112529668911768941102106 74311999541886864782144894164263898717864411109664867 58394110086504218689412587270761753441124925178420284 42845654135220374268015329123342426339498043494342780 25220528579429717728412234942602646238201654256184593 81053842102177771618516428338597117980429048421061978 64240173646299354210906534031817742151487129066964288 30667592097242848157616287674211358762211373421055378 20259204269695516424795421321961171214824235433409325 96942732650647107504284585989822940421176652884259704 2990873629711242 Option 4 - FinancialCompanyTypeTotal RevenuesTotal AssetsReturn on EquityEarnings per ShareDividends per ShareAverage P/E RatioAFLAC672512945417.12.080.2211.5Albertson's41469052 1921.42.080.6319Allstate6201068091820.13.560.3610.6Amerad a Hess7834079350.20.080.6698.3American General63362806207.12.191.421.2American Stores419139853612.21.010.3423.5Amoco7362873248916.72.7 61.416.1Arco Chemical2399541166.21.142.840.4Ashland71431977779.53.81. 112.4Atlantic Richfield7192722532221.85.412.833.8Bausch & Lomb51916277360.891.042.6Baxter International56138870711.51.061.1347.2Bristol-Myers
- 12. Squibb5167011497744.43.141.5224.1Burlington Coat1177777512.31.180.0212.9Central Maine Power395422992.40.160.979.6Chevron7419503547318.64.952.2 815.2CIGNA61493510819913.74.881.111.4Cinergy3435388581 3.31.591.822.4Dayton Hudson12775714191181.70.3316.2Dillard's1681755929.22.310. 1615.7Dominion Resources37678201937.92.152.5817.7Dow Chemical2200182404023.67.73.2411.6DPL31356358513.91.20. 9114.3E. I. DuPont DeNemours2466534294221.32.081.2327.9Eastman Chemical24678577816.33.631.7616Edison International392352510112.31.73113.6Engelhard2363125866.10 .330.3861.8Entergy39562270014.21.031.825.4Equitable696661 5143812.32.860.213.4Ethyl71064106753.60.710.512.6Exxon713 72429606419.43.371.6317.1FPL Group363691244912.23.571.9214.4The GAP16508333833.71.30.222Georgia Gulf29666132282.390.3211.8GIANT Food4423115227.91.180.7826.9A & P41026229956.91.660.3517.8Great Lakes Chemicals2131122705.51.190.6240.5Green Mountain Power Company31793268.31.571.6114Hannaford Bros.4322612279.91.40.5426.6Hercules218662411473.18114.5 Houston Industries368731841581.661.513.7Jefferson- Pilot625782313114.53.471.0413.3Johnson & Johnson5226292145326.72.410.8524.1Liberty6660318511.13.34 0.7712.7The Limited19189430110.60.790.4826.7Lincoln National64899771750.40.211.96300.2Lubrizol216741462192.66 1.0114.5Lyondell Petrochemical73010155946.23.580.96.4Mallinkrodt5186829881 4.82.470.6616May Department Stores112685993020.53.111.216.2McKesson5208575608111.59 0.526Mercantile Stores1314421787.93.531.1916.3Merck5236372581236.63.741. 6926.6Millennium Chemicals23048432612.62.470.68.3Mobil7659064355916.84.01
- 13. 2.1217.2Monsanto27514107747.20.480.590.7Morton223882805 12.31.480.3625.2Murphy Oil72138223812.32.941.3518Mylan Laboratories555584813.50.820.1622.4NALCO Chemical214341441252.1118.3Nevada Power3799233910.11.651.614.2NIPSCO32587493714.11.530.91 4.4Olin22410194617.431.214.5Orion Capital615913884164.150.69.8Owens & Minor531177139.40.60.1821.7Pacific Corporation36278138805.20.681.0834.2J. C. Penney130546234937.72.12.1326.9Pennzoil72654440615.83.76 117.1Pfizer5125041533627.91.70.6835.4Pharmacia & Upjohn56710103805.80.611.0856.2Phillips Petroleum7154241386019.93.611.3412.4Poe & Brown612919425.11.480.3516.3PPG27379686828.53.941.3314. 7PP&L Resources33049948511.41.81.6712Progressive64190756018.75. 310.2417Rohm & Haas23999390019.82.130.6313.4Ruddick4230088512.51.020.32 17Schering-Plough56778650751.21.950.7424.6Sears, Roebuck1412963870020.32.990.9217.4Stryker598098520.51.28 0.1127.2Sun7105314667182.7113Sunamerica621143563714.71. 80.319.5Texaco7466672960020.94.871.7511.5The TJX Companies17389261026.31.750.098.2Torchmark622831096717. 52.390.5914.2Tosco713282597510.91.370.2423Travelers637609 38655514.92.540.417Ultramar Diamond Shamrock71088255959.51.941.116.1Union Carbide26502696428.84.530.7910.7United States Surgical Corporation5117217267.51.210.1629UNOCAL76064753028.92. 650.815.5UNUM640771320015.22.590.5617USX- Marathon7157541056512.61.580.7619.8Valero Energy7575624939.62.030.4217.2Warner- Lambert58180803130.71.040.5135.7WEIS Markets418199729.21.870.9416.9Wellman2108313194.80.970.3 520.5Winn-Dixie Stores413219292115.31.360.9827.2WITCO221872298141.551.1 224.9Zenith Nation Insurance660112527.81.57117
- 14. Title ABC/123 Version X 1 Week 6 Options QNT/561 Version 9 1 University of Phoenix MaterialOption 1: Manufacturing Database This database contains six variables taken from 20 industries and 140 subindustries in the United States. Some of the industries are food products, textile mill products, furniture, chemicals, rubber products, primary metals, industrial machinery, and transportation equipment. The six variables are Number of Employees, Number of Production Workers, Value Added by Manufacture, Cost of Materials, End-of-Year Inventories, and Industry Group. Two variables, Number of Employees and Number of Production Workers, are in units of 1000. Three variables, Value Added by Manufacture, Cost of Materials, and End-of-Year Inventories, are in million-dollar units. The Industry Group variable consists of numbers from 1 to 20 to denote the industry group to which the particular subindustry belongs. Option 2: Hospital Database This database contains observations for six variables on U.S. hospitals. These variables include Geographic Region, Control, Service, Census, Number of Births, and Personnel. The region variable is coded from 1 to 7, and the numbers represent the following regions: 1 = South 2 = Northeast
- 15. 3 = Midwest 4 = Southwest 5 = Rocky Mountain 6 = California 7 = Northwest Control is a type of ownership. Four categories of control are included in the database: 1 = government, nonfederal 2 = nongovernment, not-for-profit 3 = for-profit 4 = federal government Service is the type of hospital. The two types of hospitals used in this database are: 1 = general medical 2 = psychiatric Option 3: Consumer Food The consumer food database contains five variables: Annual Food Spending per Household, Annual Household Income, Non- Mortgage Household Debt, Geographic Region of the U.S. of the Household, and Household Location. There are 200 entries for each variable in this database representing 200 different households from various regions and locations in the United
- 16. States. Annual Food Spending per Household, Annual Household Income, and Non-Mortgage Household Debt are all given in dollars. The variable Region tells in which one of four regions the household resides. In this variable, the Northeast is coded as 1, the Midwest is coded 2, the South is coded as 3, and the West is coded as 4. The variable Location is coded as 1 if the household is in a metropolitan area and 2 if the household is outside a metro area. The data in this database were randomly derived and developed based on actual national norms. Option 4: Financial Database The financial database contains observations on seven variables for 100 companies. The variables are Type of Industry, Total Revenues ($ millions), Total Assets ($ millions), Return on Equity (%), Earnings per Share ($), Dividends per Share ($), and Average Price per Earnings (P/E) ratio. The companies represent seven different types of industries. The variable Type displays a company's industry type as: 1 = apparel 2 = chemical 3 = electric power 4 = grocery 5 = healthcare products 6 = insurance 7 = petroleum Copyright © XXXX by University of Phoenix. All rights reserved.
- 17. Copyright © 2017 by University of Phoenix. All rights reserved. Title ABC/123 Version X 1 Part 3 Inferential Statistics QNT/561 Version 9 2 Part 3: Inferential Statistics Option 1: Manufacturing Database 1. The National Association of Manufacturers (NAM) contracts with your consulting company to determine the estimate of mean number of production workers. Construct a 95% confidence interval for the population mean number of production workers. What is the point estimate? How much is the margin of error in the estimate? 2. Suppose the average number of employees per industry group in the manufacturing database is believed to be less than 150 (1000s). Test this belief as the alternative hypothesis by using the 140 SIC Code industries given in the database as the sample. Let α = .10. Assume that the number of employees per industry group are normally distributed in the population. 3. You are also required to determine whether there is a significant difference between mean Value Added by the Manufacturer and the mean Cost of Materials in manufacturing using alpha of 0.01. 4. You are requested to determine whether there is a significantly greater variance among values of Cost of Materials than of End-of-Year Inventories. Option 2: Hospital Database 1. As a consultant, you need to use the Hospital database and
- 18. construct a 90% confidence interval to estimate the average census for hospitals. Change the level of confidence to 99%. What happened to the interval? Did the point estimate change? 2. Determine the sample proportion of the Hospital database under the variable “service” that are “general medical” (category 1). From this statistic, construct a 95% confidence interval to estimate the population proportion of hospitals that are “general medical.” What is the point estimate? How much error is there in the interval? 3. Suppose you want to “prove” that the average hospital in the United States averages more than 700 births per year. Use the hospital database as your sample and test this hypothesis. Let alpha be 0.01. 4. On average, do hospitals in the United States employ fewer than 900 personnel? Use the hospital database as your sample and an alpha of 0.10 to test this figure as the alternative hypothesis. Assume that the number of births and number of employees in the hospitals are normally distributed in the population. Option 3: Consumer Food 1. Suppose you want to test to determine if the average annual food spending for a household in the Midwest region of the U.S. is more than $8,000. Use the Midwest region data and a 1% level of significance to test this hypothesis. Assume that annual food spending is normally distributed in the population. 2. Test to determine if there is a significant difference between households in a metro area and households outside metro areas in annual food spending. Let α = 0.01. 3. The Consumer Food database contains data on Annual Food Spending, Annual Household Income, and Non-Mortgage
- 19. Household Debt broken down by Region and Location. Using Region as an independent variable with four classification levels (four regions of the U.S.), perform three different one- way ANOVA's—one for each of the three dependent variables (Annual Food Spending, Annual Household Income, Non- Mortgage Household Debt). Did you find any significant differences by region? Option 4: Financial Database 1. Use this database as a sample and estimate the earnings per share for all corporations from these data. Select several levels of confidence and compare the results. 2. Are the average earnings per share for companies in the stock market less than $2.50? Use the sample of companies represented by this database to test that hypothesis. Let α = .05. 3. Test to determine whether the average return on equity for all companies is equal to 21. Use this database as the sample and α = .10. Assume that the earnings per share and return on equity are normally distributed in the population. 4. Do various financial indicators differ significantly according to type of company? Use a one-way ANOVA and the financial database to answer this question. Let Type of Company be the independent variable with seven levels (Apparel, Chemical, Electric Power, Grocery, Healthcare Products, Insurance, and Petroleum). Compute three one-way ANOVAs, one for each of the following dependent variables: Earnings Per Share, Dividends Per Share, and Average P/E Ratio. Copyright © XXXX by University of Phoenix. All rights reserved. Copyright © 2017 by University of Phoenix. All rights reserved.