Running Head: PATHOPHYSIOLOGY 1
PATHOPHYSIOLOGY 5
Pathophysiology
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Date
Rheumatoid Arthritis (RA) is a joint inflammatory disorder that can, at times, extend the effects to other body organs like lungs and blood vessels; The condition complicates the body's immune system with the advancement of the symptoms( explain types of symptoms) and citation needed(>>>>>>>>) Patients suffering from RA are prune to severe conditions that may arise as the condition matures. patients have distinct symptoms expressed outwardly based on the level and stage of the inflammatory disorder, some of which are similar to those expressed by the patients in the case study. The condition is not hereditary or family born but thought to result from genetic risk factors such as…… (citation needed) The patient in the case study was aware that increased inflammatory could result in the highlighted symptoms and thus presented them to identify whether they were emanating from the condition or any other source of infection.
Identify the genes that may be associated with the development of the disease.
A variety of gene pairs are associated with the RA condition as significant risk factors. The causative genes to the condition are suspended in the immune system function ( citation). Change in human Leukocyte antigen genes (HLA) in the significant contributor to Rheumatoid Arthritis ( citation needed). The genes, RLA-DRB1, are highly associated with triggering the Rheumatoid Arthritis condition. It is associated with the production f body proteins. The HLA proteins assist the immune system in distinguishing immune proteins and those proteins produced by body invaders like viruses (Soo P, n.d). Variation in other genes has a little impact on the condition ( citation needed).
Explain the process of immunosuppression and the effect it has on body systems.
Immunosuppression is a process that subdues the human immune system to individuals undergoing organ transplants or those with autoimmune conditions like Rheumatoid Arthritis(>>>>>>>>). The process involves administering drugs to ensure that the immune system does not repel the organs being transplanted (McCance & Huether, 2019). The physicians must first carry an examination of different body organs them makes a prescription to the patient. After the examination, a strict medical plan or therapy session is created, which patients should stickily follow. During the process, the doctor monitors the patients effectively on a close observation. Immunosuppression has different side effects in the body, some of which arise due to the drugs ( citation needed). The effects include; decrease in bony density, a decrease in muscle functioning, effect on the operation of muscle fiber, which reduces muscle protein production and cases of hyperglycemia and severe diabetes. The effects get controlled through regular exercise. This paragraph should lead to the 4th or next paragraph this p
Invasiv.
Running Head PATHOPHYSIOLOGY 1PATHOPHYSIOLOGY5.docx
1. Running Head: PATHOPHYSIOLOGY 1
PATHOPHYSIOLOGY 5
Pathophysiology
Student name
School
Instructor
Date
Rheumatoid Arthritis (RA) is a joint inflammatory disorder that
can, at times, extend the effects to other body organs like lungs
and blood vessels; The condition complicates the body's
immune system with the advancement of the symptoms( explain
types of symptoms) and citation needed(>>>>>>>>) Patients
suffering from RA are prune to severe conditions that may arise
as the condition matures. patients have distinct symptoms
expressed outwardly based on the level and stage of the
inflammatory disorder, some of which are similar to those
expressed by the patients in the case study. The condition is not
hereditary or family born but thought to result from genetic risk
factors such as…… (citation needed) The patient in the case
study was aware that increased inflammatory could result in the
highlighted symptoms and thus presented them to identify
whether they were emanating from the condition or any other
source of infection.
Identify the genes that may be associated with the development
of the disease.
A variety of gene pairs are associated with the RA condition as
significant risk factors. The causative genes to the condition are
2. suspended in the immune system function ( citation). Change in
human Leukocyte antigen genes (HLA) in the significant
contributor to Rheumatoid Arthritis ( citation needed). The
genes, RLA-DRB1, are highly associated with triggering the
Rheumatoid Arthritis condition. It is associated with the
production f body proteins. The HLA proteins assist the immune
system in distinguishing immune proteins and those proteins
produced by body invaders like viruses (Soo P, n.d). Variation
in other genes has a little impact on the condition ( citation
needed).
Explain the process of immunosuppression and the effect it has
on body systems.
Immunosuppression is a process that subdues the human
immune system to individuals undergoing organ transplants or
those with autoimmune conditions like Rheumatoid
Arthritis(>>>>>>>>). The process involves administering drugs
to ensure that the immune system does not repel the organs
being transplanted (McCance & Huether, 2019). The physicians
must first carry an examination of different body organs them
makes a prescription to the patient. After the examination, a
strict medical plan or therapy session is created, which patients
should stickily follow. During the process, the doctor monitors
the patients effectively on a close observation.
Immunosuppression has different side effects in the body, some
of which arise due to the drugs ( citation needed). The effects
include; decrease in bony density, a decrease in muscle
functioning, effect on the operation of muscle fiber, which
reduces muscle protein production and cases of hyperglycemia
and severe diabetes. The effects get controlled through regular
exercise. This paragraph should lead to the 4th or next
paragraph this p
Invasive Aspergillosis is a condition resulting from inhaling
spores available in the environment. The spores germinate and
enter blood vessels resulting in the condition. Risk factors
associated with the condition include organ transplant and
neutropenia. The condition is common to individuals with
3. immunosuppression or immunocompromised patients (McCance
& Huether, 2019). Invasive Aspergillus mostly infect open
spaces like the pulmonary cavities. A flavus commonly results
in the condition for this case as it is more pronounced to
individuals severely immunosuppressed than those infected by
A. fumigatus. In the lungs, focal infection results in the
formation of Aspergilloma enclosed by fibrous tissues. At times
the fungi invade local areas but mostly reside in the cavity. The
chronic invasive Aspergillosis commonly infects patients
prescribed with the long-term corticosteroid. With the case
projected in this paper, the patients attracted the spores in the
environment during his daily duty.
What gene are affected with this diseases? This paper focused
more on the RA instead of the Invasive Aspergillosis,
How does RA and Invasive Aspergillosis relate together?
Detailed and specific analysis of the genes that may be
associated with the development of the disease.
· The detailed, and specific explanation of the
pathophysiological processes that may be associated with the
development of the diagnosed condition.
Explain why you think the patient presented the symptoms
described.
References
McCance, K. L. & Huether, S. E. (2019). Pathophysiology: The
biologic basis for disease in adults and children (8th ed.). St.
Louis, MO: Mosby/Elsevier.
Soo P. (n.d.). Pathophysiology Ch 10 Alterations in Immune
Function.
YouTube. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Jz0wx1-jTds
Option 1 - ManufacturerSIC CodeNo. Emp.No. Prod.
Wkrs.Value Added by Mfg.Cost of MaterialsEnd Yr.
Inven.Indus.
Grp.2014333702351878713363012021318315724427743157120
12. hospitals. These variables include Geographic Region, Control,
Service, Census, Number of Births, and Personnel.
The region variable is coded from 1 to 7, and the numbers
represent the following regions:
1 = South
2 = Northeast
3 = Midwest
4 = Southwest
5 = Rocky Mountain
6 = California
7 = Northwest
Control is a type of ownership. Four categories of control are
included in the database:
1 = government, nonfederal
2 = nongovernment, not-for-profit
3 = for-profit
4 = federal government
Service is the type of hospital. The two types of hospitals used
in this database are:
1 = general medical
13. 2 = psychiatric
Option 3: Consumer Food
The consumer food database contains five variables: Annual
Food Spending per Household, Annual Household Income, Non-
Mortgage Household Debt, Geographic Region of the U.S. of
the Household, and Household Location. There are 200 entries
for each variable in this database representing 200 different
households from various regions and locations in the United
States. Annual Food Spending per Household, Annual
Household Income, and Non-Mortgage Household Debt are all
given in dollars. The variable Region tells in which one of four
regions the household resides. In this variable, the Northeast is
coded as 1, the Midwest is coded 2, the South is coded as 3, and
the West is coded as 4. The variable Location is coded as 1 if
the household is in a metropolitan area and 2 if the household is
outside a metro area. The data in this database were randomly
derived and developed based on actual national norms.
Option 4: Financial Database
The financial database contains observations on seven variables
for 100 companies. The variables are Type of Industry, Total
Revenues ($ millions), Total Assets ($ millions), Return on
Equity (%), Earnings per Share ($), Dividends per Share ($),
and Average Price per Earnings (P/E) ratio. The companies
represent seven different types of industries. The variable Type
displays a company's industry type as:
1 = apparel
2 = chemical
3 = electric power
4 = grocery
15. significant difference between mean Value Added by the
Manufacturer and the mean Cost of Materials in manufacturing
using alpha of 0.01.
4. You are requested to determine whether there is a
significantly greater variance among values of Cost of Materials
than of End-of-Year Inventories.
Option 2: Hospital Database
1. As a consultant, you need to use the Hospital database and
construct a 90% confidence interval to estimate the average
census for hospitals. Change the level of confidence to 99%.
What happened to the interval? Did the point estimate change?
2. Determine the sample proportion of the Hospital database
under the variable “service” that are “general medical”
(category 1). From this statistic, construct a 95% confidence
interval to estimate the population proportion of hospitals that
are “general medical.” What is the point estimate? How much
error is there in the interval?
3. Suppose you want to “prove” that the average hospital in the
United States averages more than 700 births per year. Use the
hospital database as your sample and test this hypothesis. Let
alpha be 0.01.
4. On average, do hospitals in the United States employ fewer
than 900 personnel? Use the hospital database as your sample
and an alpha of 0.10 to test this figure as the alternative
hypothesis. Assume that the number of births and number of
employees in the hospitals are normally distributed in the
population.
Option 3: Consumer Food
1. Suppose you want to test to determine if the average annual
food spending for a household in the Midwest region of the U.S.
is more than $8,000. Use the Midwest region data and a 1%
16. level of significance to test this hypothesis. Assume that annual
food spending is normally distributed in the population.
2. Test to determine if there is a significant difference between
households in a metro area and households outside metro areas
in annual food spending. Let α = 0.01.
3. The Consumer Food database contains data on Annual Food
Spending, Annual Household Income, and Non-Mortgage
Household Debt broken down by Region and Location. Using
Region as an independent variable with four classification
levels (four regions of the U.S.), perform three different one-
way ANOVA's—one for each of the three dependent variables
(Annual Food Spending, Annual Household Income, Non-
Mortgage Household Debt). Did you find any significant
differences by region?
Option 4: Financial Database
1. Use this database as a sample and estimate the earnings per
share for all corporations from these data. Select several levels
of confidence and compare the results.
2. Are the average earnings per share for companies in the stock
market less than $2.50? Use the sample of companies
represented by this database to test that hypothesis. Let α = .05.
3. Test to determine whether the average return on equity for all
companies is equal to 21. Use this database as the sample and α
= .10. Assume that the earnings per share and return on equity
are normally distributed in the population.
4. Do various financial indicators differ significantly according
to type of company? Use a one-way ANOVA and the financial
database to answer this question. Let Type of Company be the
independent variable with seven levels (Apparel, Chemical,
Electric Power, Grocery, Healthcare Products, Insurance, and
18. Select one of the databases based on the information in the
Signature Assignment Options.
Provide a 1,600-word detailed, four part, statistical report with
the following sections:
· Part 1 - Preliminary Analysis
· Part 2 - Examination of Descriptive Statistics
· Part 3 - Examination of Inferential Statistics
· Part 4 - Conclusion/Recommendations
Part 1 - Preliminary Analysis
Generally, as a statistics consultant, you will be given a
problem and data. At times, you may have to gather additional
data. For this assignment, assume all the data is already
gathered for you.
State the objective:
· What are the questions you are trying to address?
Describe the population in the study clearly and in sufficient
detail:
· What is the sample?
Discuss the types of data and variables:
· Are the data quantitative or qualitative?
· What are levels of measurement for the data?
Part 2 - Descriptive Statistics
Examine the given data.
Present the descriptive statistics (mean, median, mode, range,
standard deviation, variance, CV, and five-number summary).
Identify any outliers in the data.
19. Present any graphs or charts you think are appropriate for the
data.
Note: Ideally, we want to assess the conditions of normality too.
However, for the purpose of this exercise, assume data is drawn
from normal populations.
Part 3 - Inferential Statistics
Use the Part 3: Inferential Statistics document.
· Create (formulate) hypotheses
· Run formal hypothesis tests
· Make decisions. Your decisions should be stated in non-
technical terms.
Hint: A final conclusion saying "reject the null hypothesis" by
itself without explanation is basically worthless to those who
hired you. Similarly, stating the conclusion is false or rejected
is not sufficient.
Part 4 - Conclusion and Recommendations
Include the following:
· What are your conclusions?
· What do you infer from the statistical analysis?
· State the interpretations in non-technical terms. What
information might lead to a different conclusion?
· Are there any variables missing?
· What additional information would be valuable to help draw a
more certain conclusion?
Format your assignment consistent with APA format.
Submit your assignment.