Dharavi slum is a product of urbanization brought by the British colonial government in 1887.

1. DHARAVI SLUM , MUMBAI
PRESENTED BY :
JAYANTHI
B-ARCH 4th YEARSRM UNIVERSITY- SCHOOL OF ARCHITECTURE AND INTERIOR DESIGN

2. INTRODUCTION
• Dharavi is located in Mumbai in India. India’s and
Mumbai's biggest slum is known as Dharavi. With an
area of just over 2.1 square kilometres
(0.81 sq mi) and a population density of over
277,136/km2 (717,780/sq mi), Dharavi is also one of
the most densely populated areas on Earth.
• Dharavi was once an isolated settlement on the
outskirts of Mumbai. At the edge of Dharavi the
newest arrivals come to make their homes on waste
land next to water pipes in slum areas. They set up
home illegally amongst waste on land that is not
suitable for habitation.
• Dharavi literally overlooks the Bandra-Kurla
Complex which is the new financial and commercial
centre in Mumbai. In a city bound by water and
already fighting to accommodate millions of
inhabitants, the centrally located Dharavi represents
substantial economic value

3. RESIDENTS
A majority of the residents of Dharavi belong to the dalit caste
especially the Adidravidars of the Tamil people, they had also
built a Ganesh Temple and "Adidravidar mahajana Sangham"
which own the piece of land and the areas adjoining the temple.
Other castes and tribes are also present. Minorities include
Christians, Muslims and Buddhists.
ECONOMY
In addition to the traditional pottery and textile industries in Dharavi, there is an
increasingly large recycling industry, processing recyclable waste from other parts
of Mumbai. Recycling in Dharavi is reported to employ approximately 250,000
people. While recycling is a major industry in the neighborhood, it is also reported to be a
source of heavy pollution in the area. The district has an estimated 5000 businesses and
15,000 single-room factories. Two major suburban railways feed into Dharavi, making it an
important commuting station for people in the area going to and from work.
POTTERY OIL RECYCLING PLASTIC RECYCLING

4. CONDITION OF THE SLUM
• In the slum people have to live with many problems. People have to go to the toilet
in the street and there are open sewers.
• Children play amongst sewage waste and doctors deal with 4,000 cases a day of
diphtheria and typhoid. Next to the open sewers are water pipes, which can crack
and take in sewage. Dharavi slum is based around this water pipe built on an old
rubbish tip.
• The people have not planned this settlement and have no legal rights to the land.
• There are also toxic wastes in the slum including hugely dangerous heavy metals.
• People live in very small dwellings (e.g. 12X12ft), often with many members of
their extended families.
• Water is a big problem for Mumbai's population; standpipes come on at 5:30am
for 2 hours as water is rationed.

5. EPIDEMICS AND OTHER DISASTERS
 Dharavi has experienced a long history of epidemics and natural disasters,
sometimes with significant loss of lives. The first plague to devastate Dharavi,
along with other settlements of Mumbai happened in 1896, when nearly half of
the population perished.
 Dysentery epidemics have been common throughout the years and explained
by the high population density of Dharavi.
 Other epidemics reported include typhoid, cholera, leprosy, jaundice and polio,
through recent years. In 1986, a children cholera epidemic was reported, where
most patients were residents of Dharavi. Typical patients to arrive in hospitals
were in late and critical care condition, and the mortality rates were abnormally
high.
 In recent years, cases of drug resistant tuberculosis have been reported in
Dharavi.
 Fires and other disasters are common. In January 2013, a fire destroyed many
slum properties and caused injuries.
 In 2005, massive floods caused deaths and extensive property damage.

6. • The Dharavi slums face a lot of problems like noise, water and air pollution, it
also has no sewage or drainage systems. Everyday the potters brick kilns send
huge black clouds into the air which pollutes the air and makes the cloud black
and Sion hospital complains about the heavy black smoke that's making their
patients case worse.
• Children play amongst sewage waste and doctors deal with 4,000 cases a day of
diphtheria and typhoid.
• Dharavi slum is based around this water pipe built on an old rubbish tip. The
people have not planned this settlement and have no legal rights to the land.
There are also toxic wastes in the slum including hugely dangerous heavy metals.
• Dharavi is made up of 12 different neighborhoods and there are no maps or road
signs. Those problems exist because those people aren't living on their own
property and because it is a poor piece of land, so the government is trying to kick
them out so that they can start a new project, this cause many problems and
issues to the people such as poverty and hunger.
PROBLEMS OF DHARAVI SLUM

7. • Dharavi has severe problems with public health. Water access
derives from public standpipes stationed throughout the slum.
Additionally, with the limited lavatories they have, they are
extremely filthy and broken down to the point of being unsafe.
• Mahim Creek is a local river that is widely used by local residents
for urination and defecation causing the spread of contagious
diseases.
• The open sewers in the city drain to the creek causing a spike in
water pollutants, septic conditions, and foul odors.
• Due to the air pollutants, diseases such as lung cancer, tuberculosis,
and asthma are common among residents. There are government
proposals in regards to improving Dharavi's sanitation issues
SANITATION ISSUES
ENVIRONMENTAL ISSUES
• Bacteria in the dump produce about 4,251m3/hr of biogas, mostly
methane into the atmosphere. This creates a fire hazard and the
fires release smoke and other harmful products into the air. This is
due to burning of plastics and non-plastics as well as other
unsorted materials that could have dangerous end products.
• Polluted water flows into the ocean and other surrounding bodies
of water, making somesources of fish and water unsafe for
consumption which is a huge problem environmentallyand
economically.

8. DHARAVI SLUM REDEVELOPMENT PROJECT
 Slum Rehabilitation Authority declared Dharavi as the most difficult area and
provided higher incentive of 1:1.333.
 Inspite of higher incentive, only 15% of Dharavi is developed in 12 years.
 Local developers built extremely poor quality housing
STRATEGY
 Formulate sustainable master plan.
 Rehabilitate all the slum families
and business in dharavi itself.
 Rehabilitate all non polluting
industries.
 Integration of slum dwellers with
main stream residents of Mumbai
through hikes.

9. REDEVELOPMENT PLANS
 There have been many plans since 1997 to redevelop Dharavi like the former slums
of Hong Kong such as Tai Hang.
 In 2004, the cost of redevelopment was estimated to be Rs 5000 crore.
 Companies from around the world have bid to redevelop Dharavi, including
Lehman Brothers, Dubai’s Limitless and Singapore’s Capitaland Ltd.
 In 2010, it is estimated to cost Rs 15,000 core to redevelop.
 The latest urban redevelopment plan proposed for the Dharavi area is managed by
American-trained architect Mukesh Mehta.
 The plan involves the construction of 30,000,000 square feet (2,800,000 m2) of
housing, schools, parks and roads to serve the 57,000 families residing in the area,
along with 40,000,000 square feet (3,700,000 m2) of residential and commercial
space for sale.
 Concerns have also been raised by residents who fear that some of their small
businesses in the "informal" sector may not be relocated under the redevelopment
plan. The government has said that it will only legalize and relocate industries that
are not "polluting.“

17. THE POSITIVES OF DHARAVI SLUM
• There are positives; informal shopping areas exist where it is possible to
buy anything you might need.
• There are also mosques catering for people's religious needs.
• There is a pottery area of Dharavi slum which has a community centre.
It was established by potters from Gujarat 70 years ago and has grown
into a settlement of over 10,000 people.
• It has a village feel despite its high population density and has a central
social square.
• Family life dominates, and there can be as many as 5 people per room.
• The houses often have no windows, asbestos roofs (which are dangerous
if broken) and no planning to fit fire regulations. Rooms within houses
have multiple functions, including living, working and sleeping.
• Many daily chores are done in social spheres because people live close to
one another. This helps to generate a sense of community.
• The buildings in this part of the slum are all of different heights and
colours, adding interest and diversity.
• This is despite the enormous environmental problems with air and land
pollution.

18. 14 million people live in Mumbai.
Half live in “hutments.”
One family of 12 lives in 90 sq.ft.
“about half the size of an American
car parking lot.”
16 public toilets per 3000 people.
One water tap per 100 people.
.
55% of the population of Mumbai lives in slums. Approximately
seven million people in Mumbai live in slums
Open sewers in the middle of the street.
Sewers are often non-existent. Here
drums of excrement are dumped.
It is believed that 72% of this slum
population is literate.
15,000 “hutment factories”
export goods all over the
world.
FACTS