This is based on Nelson Key Geography textbook

1. INDIA AND ASIA

2. Think of differences in the
number of people, clothes,
types of building, weather,
vegetation & wildlife.

3. OBJECTIVES
To learn about:
• Asia & India’s main features.
• the contrasts in India.
• its main physical features.
• population distribution & movement.
• differences between urban & rural life.
• India’s interdependence & development

4. ASIA’S MAIN PHYSICAL FEATURES

5. • It’s the largest continent.
• Much of the land is barren, with vast deserts & remote, treeless
plains.
• It also has the world’s most fertile plains & valleys along rivers
such as Mekong (Cambodia, Vietnam, Myanmar, Thailand, Laos,
China), Yangtze (China), Indus (Pakistan, India, China) and
Ganges (India & Bangladesh).
• Huge variants in vegetation/ecosystem : North – frozen tundra &
dense coniferous forest. South-east – mountainous or tropical
rainforest.

6. Yangtze River : Longest in Asia &
huge dams for irrigation &
electricity production.
Gobi Desert : Hot
summers & very cold
winters, consists of
bare rocks & sands
The Himalayas are formed
by massive earth
movements that pushed the
land upwards.
Krakatoa eruption in 1883
was the loudest sound in
history as it was heard 4,800
km away.
2011 Japan’s earthquake :
killed 16,000, destroyed
towns & wrecked a nuclear
plant
Verkhoyansk in Russia has
the world’s greatest
temperature range : 37ᵒC to
-67ᵒC
Epicentre of the 2004 Indian
Ocean earthquake that
caused tsunami waves &
led to over 300,000 deaths.
Oldest rainforest in the world
in South-east Asia.
Typhoon Haiyan hit
Philippines in 2013 at
230km/hr & was the
strongest storm recorded.
Earthquakes & volcanic
eruptions are frequents
especially at the Pacific
Ring of Fire.

7. Wadi Rum, Jordan
Mt Everest
Rainforest, Sarawak

8. ASIA’S MAIN HUMAN FEATURES
• Largest population & greatest variety of cultures among all
continents.
• 7 of the 10 most populated countries are located here.
• 2 out of every 3 people inn the world live in Asia.
• Apart from China, Japan & Thailand, most Asian countries were
controlled by European powers before.
• City populations are growing rapidly.

9. It has 43 countries, 4.3 billion
people (60% world’s)
& 3,000 different languages.
Many industries from MEDCs
take advantage of cheap
labour in Asia.
The economies of China &
India are growing many
times faster than that of UK
& by 2020 China is
expected to have the
largest economy.
India is expected to be the
most populated country by
2036.
Turkey & Russia are the only
2 countries that lie in both
Europe & Asia.
Afghanistan, Myanmar &
Nepal are Asia’s poorest
countries.
South west Asia consists of
The Middle East & majority
of them are Muslim &
Arabic is the most widely
spoken language.
China is the biggest
exporter of clothing & 7 of
the most polluted cities.
Many Asians face poverty,
illiteracy, malnutrition &
inadequate water supplies.
Asia is rich in natural
resources such as oil, natural
gas, copper, iron ore & other
minerals.
More than 600 languages are
spoken in Indonesia

10. INDIA – A LAND OF CONTRASTS
• It’s the 7th largest country & has the 2nd largest population.
• Relief : The Himalayas in the north is the highest mountain range
& the south consists of wide, flat valley floor & huge delta of River
Ganges.
• Climate : Monsoon climate in most parts with high temperature
throughout the year. Dry Thar Desert in the north-west and wet
climate in Kerala.
• Settlement : Many still live in villages but many are migrating to
Mumbai, Kolkata and Delhi.
• Wealth : Wide gap between the rich & poor especially in the cities.

11. Ganges Delta
Kerala, India

12. Skyscraper office blocks &
luxury apartments in Mumbai.
Mumbai’s chawls & Kolkata’s
bustees.

13. INDIA – MAIN PHYSICAL FEATURES
• 200 million years ago, the plate with India was next to Southern
Africa. It then moved northwards until it collided with Asia. The
collision formed fold mountains that are the Himalayas which is
still growing in height.
• There are many earthquakes in the Himalayas.
• In 2001, several towns were destroyed & over 30,000 people were
killed by an earthquake in Gujarat.
• India has a monsoon climate. Monsoon means ‘a season’. India
has two seasons : the south-west monsoon(Jun – Oct) & north-
east monsoon.(Nov – May)

15. Wind blows from the Indian
Ocean which collect lots of
moisture & rises over Western
Ghats, bringing relief rainfall.
Average rainfall : over 2000mm
Wind blows from the Central
Asia which is dry (Nov-May).
Average rainfall in Mumbai is
45mm.
Wind continues to rise
over The Himalayas
causing Cherrapunji to
be the world’s wettest
place. (14,000mm)
Heavy monsoon is
important for farmers
for growing rice as
large amount of soil is
brought down from the
mountains to the
Ganges Valley. But it
can cause severe
flooding too.

16. Title :

17. High birth rate where 30%
of the total population is
aged under 15 & half
under 25 years.
Few elderly people aged
65 & a low life expectancy
of 69 years.

19. • Population of India is not evenly spread.
• The most crowded places are the large cities of Mumbai, Kolkata
& Delhi.
• Many live in poor housing conditions, putting a strain on hospitals,
schools & transport.
• The next most crowded area is along River Ganges with millions
of farmers growing food on the flat fertile land.
• There has been an increasing number of people migrating from
the countryside to the cities.
• This movement is called rural-urban migration.

20. 4. a) Why are people leaving the countryside to live in
large cities in India?
Reasons to leave the countryside include drought, famine,
unemployment and lack of education.
Reasons to move to the city include the prospect of jobs, food supply,
education, medical facilities or food supply.
b) What is this movement called?
This process is called rural-urban migration.
5. Describe the problems caused by India’s increasing population.
• Not enough space or resources for people to use. This means that they have to
live close together in poorly constructed houses that lack facilities such as
sanitation or electricity.
• There are not enough jobs, so people do not have money for education or
healthcare.
• The transport system may become overloaded and lead to congestion and air
pollution.

21. MUMBAI, INDIA

22. • Two sides : Prosperous port of Mumbai with high rise buildings
and the biggest slum area in Asia at Dharavi.
• Previously known as Bombay.
• It became the “Gateway to India”.
• Population : 20 million
• World’s fourth largest city, earns one third of the country’s wealth.
• Home to Bollywood.

23. Bollywood
Chawl

26. CHAWL
• Four or five storeys buildings.
• Built in the 19th century for textile mills workers.
• Chawl means corridor.

27. Each corridor has
about 20 individual
tenements,
overcrowded
Each tenement
has 2 rooms, 1 for
sleeping & 1
kitchen + a
balcony
Each corridor
share a common
lavatory
Access to
electricity
Tenants have
poorly paid jobs
which enable them
to pay rent
Friendly communal
atmosphere, good
community spirit

28. SHANTY SETTLEMENTS
• Half of Mumbai’s population live here.
• Collection of shacks, poor quality housing without
electricity, water or any system of sewage disposal.
• The land does not belong to the residents.
• Largest shanty in Mumbai is Dharavi

29. Infectious diseases
such as dysentery &
hepatitis are
common.
Made from bits of
wood, cardboard,
plastic &
corrugated iron
No access to
electricity, clean
water supply &
sewage system
Few people have
jobs & earn money
by recycling waste
materials
Maze of narrow
lanes, overcrowded
& polluted

30. Do activities 2 AND
3, page 81
Copy down the
questions!

31. RURAL LIFE IN INDIA

32. • Large percentage of people still live in villages and work as
farmers.
• Kerala, which is a wealthier state due to the suitability of its
climate for farming is located at the South of India.
• The state government encourages education, so people are
better farmers.
• Most villages are strung along a dusty(dry season) or flooded(wet
season) main road.
• Roads are mostly used by cyclists, handcarts & trishaws.
• Shops built with mudbricks line both sides of the roads, selling
local produce.
• Most have veranda to shelter from the hot sun or heavy rain.

33. People no longer
have to walk to the
river to collect water
Provides a reliable
source of clean
water
Help to improve
the health of the
village
Thanks to Water Aid
Disposal of
sewage is still a
problem

35. Wood, palm fronds & crop
waste used for fuel

36. FARMING IN RURAL INDIA
• Climate is hot and wet.
• Soils are rich so that two crops can be grown each year.
• Crops: Rice, bananas, ginger, tapioca & vegetables.
• Staple food : Tapioca or cassava, used to make flour.
• Cows are used to :
• Provide dung for fertilisers, fuel or building materials.
• Plough fields & thresh the grain.
• Transport people & goods.
• Provides milk.

37. HOW INTERDEPENDENT IS INDIA

38. KEY WORDS
• Interdependence : When countries work together and rely on each
other for help.
• Trade : The movement and sale of goods between countries.
• Exports : Goods and services that are produced in one country that
are sold to other countries.
• Imports : Goods bought by a country that are produced in other
countries.
• Trade balance : The difference between the cost of imports and
value of exports.
• Trade surplus : When countries earn more money from exports than
it spends on imports.
• Trade deficit : When countries spend more money on imports than
they earn from exports.

40. EXPORTS
IMPORTS
BALANCE OF TRADE
Increasing deficitIncreasing surplus
Oil products
Gems & jewellery
Pharmaceuticals
Machinery
Clothes
Electronics
cotton
Crude oil
Gold & silver
Electrical goods
Precious stones
Machinery
Chemicals
Coal

41. DEVELOPMENT INDICATORS
• Literacy rate
• Employment structure
• Housing
• Life expectancy
• Population growth
• GNP
• Healthcare
• Trade
• Water supply
• Infant mortality rate
• Birth rate
• Death rate