Physics Of The Scientific Method

Physics Of The Scientific Method
1)What are the steps of the scientific method? (4 points)
Observation– The light won't come on.
Question – Why won't the light come on?
Hypothesis – The light won't turn on because the light bulb has burned out.
Prediction – If I replace the light bulb, then the light will work again.
Experiment – Replace the light bulb with a new light bulb and turn on the light.
Predicted result – the new light bulb will work and the light will come on.
2)Explain the difference between science and pseudoscience. (4 points)
Pseudoscience is a method, theory or system that has no scientific basis.
Conversely, science is composed of theories that can be tested and have scientific basis. Science can be discovery based. Observations can be ... Show
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There is only anecdotal evidence of them through personal sightings.
3.Clairvoyance.
This is the belief that you can somehow communicate with the dead for example. Because this is specific to a person that you cannot observe (their
dead), you have no way of studying this interaction through scientific means.
4)The parody religion called The Church of the Flying Spaghetti Monster uses a very interesting correlation between pirates and natural disasters:
"You may be interested to know that global warming, earthquakes, hurricanes, and other natural disasters are a direct result of the shrinking numbers of
Pirates since the 1800s. As you can see, there is a statistically significant inverse relationship between pirates and global temperature." http:/
/www.venganza.org/
Can the scientific method be used to test the claim that disasters are caused by the declining number of pirates? Be specific as to why or why not, and
if so, how would this be done? (6 points)

This claim cannot be tested by the scientific method. It is making a claim that is anecdotal.
To design a scientific experiment you need to be able to have an independent variable, dependent variable and a controlled variable. With their
assumption the global warming would be the dependent variable that is being changed by the number of pirates decreasing. The independent variable
would be what you are changing. We can't control the number of pirates in the world
... Get more on HelpWriting.net ...

Parallelism Between Education And Science In Carl Sagan's...
Parallelism between Education and Science
With education and scientific evidence, individuals still deny science on the premise of their own pre–conceived thoughts while religion has the ability
to divide and make a conversation political. These differences in beliefs often lead to an elephant in the room, or someone feeling uncomfortable and as
though they cannot vocalize their perspective. Carl Sagan made it his life's mission to defend the world of science. He compiles thoughts that the reader
must digest and formulate hypotheses. Sagan, vocalizes his strong support for science while remaining epistemologically neutral to some extent
allowing the reader to hear the inverse argument between the two sides. In the New York Times Bestseller, The Demon
–Haunted World, Carl Sagan
talks about the importance of science and ultimately the benefits it has for everyone. He further elaborates on his life–experiences and critiques how
many Americans think, reflecting his belief that science is a worldview and many who attempt to legitimize pseudoscience. By definition, epistemology
can be defined as "the theory of knowledge, epically with regard to its methods, validity, and scope. Epistemology is the investigation of what
distinguishes justified beliefs from opinion" (Mastin, 2008). Sagan argues that science works "so well is partly that built–in error–correcting
machinery. There are no forbidden questions in science, no matters too sensitive or delicate to be probed, no sacred

Willingham's Second Commandment
In our materialistic society that is controlled by consumer preferences, it can sometimes be difficult to distinguish between pseudoscience that one can
find on the internet, and credible science. Willingham in his article defines pseudoscience as having a shaky foundation of practices that are often
medically related, but lack basis in evidence. Additionally, they emphasize confirmation over refutation in their argument because they do not have the
evidence to support their claims against critics with conflicting evidence. Science, is defined in our textbook as, a study that uses the scientific method
and something that has been replicated to test for credibility. Furthermore, certain certifications and approvals are required before an individual ... Show
His first commandment for his instructors is to distinguish between the characteristics of pseudoscience and science respectively, which fits well with
Willingham's ten questions. His second commandment is to distinguish between skepticism and cynicism; he notes that when teaching students to
distinguish between science and pseudoscience, some will being to reflexively dismiss anything that seems at first glance to be implausible. Therefore,
Lilienfeld stresses the necessity for moderation when distinguishing between studies. Lilienfeld's third commandment supplements his second
commandment, students must distinguish between methodological skepticism and philosophical skepticism. This commandment is reiterating the
need for moderation when examining research studies. His fourth commandment states that students must distinguish between pseudoscientific claims
and claims that are merely false. The main idea behind this commandment is the fundamental idea that science and pseudoscience differ based on their
approach to evidence, not their content. Lilienfeld continues on with his fifth commandment to distinguish science from scientists. He points that
scientists are susceptible to biases, even when aided by the scientific method. His sixth commandment instructs students to explain the cognitive
motivations of pseudoscience. Furthermore, in his seventh commandment, Lilienfeld concedes that pseudoscience does have important functions,
especially to motivate people through their deep seated fears and hopes. His eighth commandment instructs professors to educate their students in both
science and pseudoscience examples. His ninth commandment preaches consistency with one's intellectual standards with students. His final
commandment is for instructors to distinguish between pseudoscientific claims and

Astrology Is Not Real Science
Astrology has been around for centuries, and people have used the stars, moon, and sun countless measurements and predictions. It wasn't until modern
science was introduced that astrology was replaced. Still, there are people who believe in this pseudoscience and read their horoscopes diligently.
Fortunately, scientists have evidence to prove astrology is not a true science. Scientists have different ideas of why astrology is not considered real
science. One point made by Kelly, Janzen, Saklofske (2017) talks about the consistency of findings. Their article states:
Moreover, there is nothing hinting at the sort of internal consistency that would arise if it was all real, like the effect size for whole charts being bigger
than for parts. A meta–analysis (a statistical method of combining ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
In study conducted by Carlson (1983) they looked at astrologers and regular individuals to see if they could (1) guess their chart and (2) the
astrologers were asked to pick the correct personality test that matched the individual's chart. It was written:
Despite the fact that we worked with some of the best astrologers in the country, recommended by the advising astrologers for their expertise in
astrology and in their ability to use the CPI, despite the fact that every reasonable suggestion made by the advising astrologers was worked into the
experiment, despite the fact that the astrologers approved the design and predicted 50% as the –minimum" effect they would expect to see, astrology
failed to perform at a level better than chance. (p. 18)
This study proved that even the professional astrologers could not match the correct personality test with the astrological chart better than the fifty–fifty
chance. This experiment shows that each person's astrological sign does not describe their personality, because when the professionals did pick the sign
that described their personality, it was not the correct

My Millionaire Mentor Video Analysis
Money can make a man move, in the sense that a man is fascinated by money which opens up different opportunities and becomes the ultimate
source for majority of people for survival. Not that it is not true, without any doubt majority of people are attracted to money and it becomes a
necessity when the needs of an individual are not met. In today's world, with exceedingly high standards of living most people would like to have a
job that is stress free, money that comes easily, without having to struggle, or at the least have a piece of mind that there is always money available
for them. To solve this issue and not to face any problem with cash in hand they look for options which can make them rich, live a better and stress
free life and when needed take a break and plan for vacation.
A social media website, a webpage that is titled "My Millionaire Mentor," a privately owned company relayed a 40 min video that explains how to
transform into a millionaire within a short period of time by just following very easy few easy steps. The 40–minute video ... Show more content on
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that law enforcements do not use enough evidence and therefore should think broadly and explore ways to prove when they are making a decision.
Life of every individual is very precious; thereby, careful thinking and observation is a necessity while making a decision and not accusing innocents
which can destroy their whole life. After learning the key findings of warning signs it got easier for them to differentiate science frompseudoscience
which could help them think broadly in different directions and not just be biased on their own opinions, assumptions and judgement. Similarly, online
hearing or watching claims should particularly be paid attention, which can be proven with evidence and do not ever believe that making money easy
can solve

Suzy Miller Pseudoscience Examples
Pseudoscience has been said to be a doctrine or system of belief that claims to be scientific (Hines, 2003). Believers of pseudoscience aim their efforts
towards having their extraordinary claims considered as scientific without relevant evidence or research. This makes it difficult to determine what is
scientific and what is pseudoscientific. Hines (2003) suggested that some of the characteristics of pseudoscience include non–falsifiability, reliance on
authority, lack of transparency, subjectivity, a failure to replicate, lack of generality, and is non
–cumulative. To further distinguish between ascience or a
pseudoscience, the example of the website www.suzymiller.com will be analyzed and features of pseudoscience will be highlighted in this essay.
The homepage of the website declares that Suzy Miller's aim was to change 'negative autism' into 'awesomism' through the use of energy and vibrations.
The ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
The fact that Miller has only sampled 'dozens of parents' indicates that the so–called 'study' lacks generality, as the sample size is small and cannot be
related to the greater public body (http://www.suzymiller.com/autism–intention–program–1/). These testimonials also highlight the high level of
subjectivity throughout this program, as the results given are from parents who have undergone this program and Miller has the ability to choose what
results she displays to the world (http://www.suzymiller.com/autism–intention–program–1/). Subjectivity is also present in the self–report methods
used to check family progression. Miller uses the ATEC (Autism Treatment Evaluation Checklist) and the ZUNG (Self
–rating Depression Scale) to rate
the 'positive results', which could include bias and misjudgment of one's situation, therefore skewing the results

Science Versus Pseudoscience : Science Vs. Pseudoscience
BSC 1020 – Homework Unit A
Science vs. Pseudoscience
This homework is worth 25 points of the 900 points available in the course.
Please use the textbook, the PPT lecture handout of Chapter 1, and internet to answer the following six questions:
1)What are the steps of the scientific method? (4 points)
The scientific method contains several steps which are as follows.
1.Ask a question
2.Do some background research
3.Create a hypothesis
4.Test your hypothesis by experimentation
5.Analyze the data and come to a conclusion
6.Communicate your results
2)Explain the difference between science and pseudoscience. (4 points)
Science and Pseudoscience differ in many ways. Science uses experimentation to accept or reject the hypothesis being tested while pseudoscience only
looks for evidence to support the hypothesis often ignoring conflicting evidence. In science reproducible results are required before coming to a
conclusion while in pseudoscience will often fail to successfully reproduce similar results. Science also argues with scientific information based of
experimentation while pseudoscience lacks scientific evidence when supporting ideas. All and all the two contrast in many ways these being some of
the most prominent.
3)List three examples of pseudoscience (other than astrology). Explain in 1–2 sentences why you consider them so. (3 points) 1.Hollow Earth: This
suggests the earth is entirely hollow or partially hollow and a certain subterranean

Research Methods Essay
This book, Why People Believe Weird Things was a pretty interesting book to me even though there were some parts that I couldn't really grasp the
point the author was trying to indicate. However, the author conveyed his message strongly throughout his writing, overall. From my understanding of
this book, the key point that the author was trying to get across was that we should really value scientific method, logical reasoning, evidence based
work that are based on the ability to show practical proof and apply repetitively in a similar population. The author also had a strong opinion about how
we should be careful about differentiating between real science that is evidence based and pseudoscience which only appears to be scientific, but ...
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The author tried to say that pseudoscience easily affected by large group of people because human beings tend to easily follow along with their own
thoughts that do not require a complicated explanation, give instant satisfaction, and relate to supernatural ideas. People tend to avoid a thought that
needs several explanations and proofs which leads to the scientific way of thinking. This scientific way of thinking appears to be cold, not meaningful,
and not passionate. This is Why People Believe Weird Things according to the author.
My opinion about the author's main idea which I stated above is that I mostly agree with the author but only to a certain degree. I agree with the
idea that we need to use scientific methods when we analyze or examine the certain idea that is needing to be verified to be true or not. However,
there is a time when we can't avoid practicing a certain belief or faith which cannot provide the scientific way of explanation or proofs because of
our complexity of human society or culture. As a nursing student, every element that is affecting human beings as a whole is very important when
we come to look at the healing process or treatment plan for an individual. It is very crucial to use a scientific method which is evidence based work or
skill as well as inclusive of each patient's belief or cultural practice. It is just not applicable to simply

Bill Nye 's Controversial Debate
Through the analysis of the major televised debate, held February this year, between the popular science communicator, Bill Nye, and the US–based
Australian creationist, Ken Ham. It has come to light that through careful analysis and research it is my belief that scientists should not be involved
within any debates "scientific" or otherwise regarding topics pertaining to creationism or any other religious perspective. The inappropriate use of the
loose definitions of science and religion lead to the intertwining of the two subjects that are extremely different in methodology, leaving the audience
up for misinterpretation. While the debate did bring about the topic to the forefront of the public, which in itself was a positive, I do not believe that
the post debate result was a win for science. Bill Nye's derogatory demeanour represented post debate towards Ken Ham was in turn a representation of
institutional science. Leading to which the validity of the debate and post debate could be brought into question.
To accurately determine wether creationists should be involved with scientists in public debate, or in scientific debate at all, one must accurately define
the institution that scientists represent. The issue present is the ability to provide an accurate definition of science. As Ruse stated "it is simply not
possible to give a neat definition" (Ruse, 1982), however Ken Ham attempts to define science through the linguistics route. Using the origin of the latin
word

The Scientific Revolution And Pseudoscience
The scientific revolution had arisen new ideas to the scientific community that would have an impact to many religious communities. The creation of
new tools allowed human to test ideas and theories that would confirm or deny previous assumptions. Pseudoscience was a form of science that would
introduce many absurd ideas that could be denied with current evidence. However, many scientific theories and assumptions are fallible and could be
disproven and thus created pseudoscience. Michael Shermer wrote an article that explains the main problem with pseudoscience as he states, "The
boundary problem between science and pseudoscience, in fact, is notoriously fraught with definitional disagreements because the categories are too
broad and fuzzy ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
The heliocentric model states that the earth and other celestial bodies in the solar system revolve around the sun. This model was troublesome to many
popular religions due to their religious roots being based on the geocentric theory. The reasoning behind the geocentric theory is making the earth hold
more significance by being the center of the universe. Every celestial body in this model would rotate around, this would also point to the earth being
an intentional creation of a higher being. The church would later adopt this model as evidence pointing towards a creator. Interestingly, the
geocentric model opened another pathway leading into a popular belief of the world being flat. Philosophers began to think that the earths land was
floating on an endless plane of water, while some thought it's possible to fall off the earth. This idea supported the geocentric model because per
historical claims to the flat earth theories, the sun and stars circle above the earth's flat plane. (SOURCE) It also gives religious evidence of a higher
being creating the earth, giving more credibility to the religious community. The argument of a flat earth is an excellent example of pseudoscience, the
geocentric model adds the broadness to this theory for it would not be considered false during the

Pseudoscience Is A Form Of Bad Reasoning
Pseudoscience
Pseudoscience is a form of bad reasoning because it lacks empirical evidence. It disregards the scientific method and is usually unreliable. Some
examples of pseudoscience are astrology, hypnosis, and polygraph tests. Although science is a factor in each of these examples, they are not justifiable
because the results cannot be replicated. By learning more about pseudoscience, we can recognize illogical thinking and prevent it. Pseudoscience not
only causes irrational reasoning, its effects can lead to illness or even death. However, by changing our reasoning, we can minimize the harmful
effects of pseudoscience. Other benefits of pseudoscience include leading the way to new research and testing new ideas. By recognizing
pseudoscience we can be avoid bad reasoning and use scientific evidence in our decision making.
Pseudoscience is a belief based on science without supporting scientific evidence. For example, in the book, The Invisible Gorilla by Christopher
Chabris and Daniel Simons, the Mozart effect is the pseudoscientific belief that symphony music makes people smarter (198). The effect became
popular in the media when a researcher wrote a scholarly article about it. However, when others attempted to replicate the study they received different
results (Chabris and Simons 203). The basis for scientific research is consistency and the ability to replicate studies. When a study is unable to be
replicated then it loses its scientific credibility. Pseudoscience

Argumentative Essay On Horoscopes
Horoscopes are frequently consulted in day–to–day life. They are "a diagram of the heavens, showing the relative position of planets and the signs of
the zodiac" (Dictionary.com, 2015) that use the time of a birth to foretell events in a person's life. People have attempted to explain the seemingly
illogical events of life such as: wars; weather abnormalities; economic hardship, and the link between people's lives to the stars above. This resulted in
the making of a "combination of religion and science – astrology" (Grabianowski. E, 2005). While most people who read daily horoscopes treat them
as nonsense, others use them to guide their lives are more than likely influenced by them. There has always been an argument about the reliability of
horoscopes and whether people should blindly place their faith in them or not. It needs to be determined whether astrology should be treated as a
"real" science instead of a pseudoscience; whether people should live by their horoscopes; if different religions have their own way of reading and
making horoscopes; and what people use horoscopes for.
Definition of Astrology
The prefix "astro–" in astrology "means a combining ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Since that time, one of the main motives for astronomical observations and theories was the desire to improve the accuracy of astrological predictions.
Temming maintains that "astrology continued to be part of mainstream science until the late 1600s." Isaac Newton had "demonstrated some of the
physical processes by which celestial bodies affect each other" (Temming, 2014) and since then, astronomy has evolved in importance and scientific
recognition. However, astrology has declined in credibility and is now regarded as a leisure activity and a pseudoscience. Nonetheless, thousands of
people around the world still request "astrologers and astrology publications to provide advice about important professional, medical, and personal
matters" (Temming,

Pseudoscience Definition
Webster defines anxiety as "fear or nervousness..." while the DSM–5 says "Anxiety disorders differ from developmentally normative fear or anxiety by
being excessive... beyond developmentally appropriate periods" (Merriam–Webster's Learner's Dictionary, n.d.) (American Psychiatric Association,
2013). The difference in the two ideas is stark: one is something that everyone experiences and the other is a debilitating disorder. When looking at a
pseudoscience article such as the one on PsyBlog, it is easy to see that they are combining the two definitions in order to make their claims better
received by the general public. From reading this article you would think that "literally" everything smells bad when you have anxiety, and that this
claim ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
The home page sports articles about what spice will help you forget bad memories, and what your personality says about your life expectancy. As
humans we are naturally asking the never ending question of why; we want to make sense of any and everything and like to think that the world can be
explained in a few short sentences. Apophenia makes us see patterns where there are none, often remarking "that's me!" to a pseudoscientific article that
has no meaningful relation to the person.
This is part of the reason why the article "8 Fascinating Facts About Anxiety" is catchy and does its job of grabbing readers, with little regard for
displaying the research findings. The overly simplistic article talks about anxiety without defining it, but it becomes clear to the reader that the author
is intending us to assume they mean clinical anxiety because of the way it focuses on the abnormality of anxiety. The combination of a normal
emotion with that of a real debilitating disorder is part of the reason mental illnesses are not taken seriously (PsyBlog: Understand Your Mind Home,
n.d.). WHY

Analysis Of The Qray Bracelet : Pseudoscience
The QRay Bracelet: Pseudoscience
In 1973, Manuel L. Polo, a chiropractor in Spain, supposedly developed an ionized bracelet that, using the body's "Qi," would make a person
healthier and overall live a more balanced lifestyle (Barrett, 2008). In 1983, Que Te "Andrew" Park, along with QT Incorporated, expanded on the idea
and invented the QRay bracelet (Carroll, 2015). The bracelet is in a "C–shape" and is made out of metal – silver, gold, titanium, etc. The design
allegedly creates a similar effect to that of acupuncture: essentially, it targets an invisible energy running through the body, hitting a pressure spot,
where it can then bring wearer's "Qi" to equilibrium, restoring and even enhancing their overall health (QRay.). This notion ... Show more content on
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On their website, QT Inc. describes how the bracelets are "designed and crafted following Traditional Chinese Medicine (TCM) theories and history...
TCM is all about keeping yourself in balance... When there is an imbalance in your body, your well–being suffers as a result" (QRay). They then go on
to explain the "meridians" in the body. However, they do not go into great detail as to what they are, their location in the body, or any other scientific
facts to back up the assertion that they even exist. They add, "If you have ever wondered how an acupuncturist knows exactly where to insert the
needles, it has everything to do with your meridian channels. Likewise, a QRay bracelet taps into very specific meridians due to its location and
positioning while being worn" (QRay). Again, they do not go into great detail about this. Furthermore, they reference yet another pseudoscience as proof
they are a true science.
The New England Journal of Medicine wrote an article regarding acupuncture. In it, they reference a study done in 2008 that compared real
acupuncture to, essentially, a placebo version of acupuncture, or, as stated in the journal, "sham acupuncture" (Dubner, Berman, Helene, & Witt, 2010).
The journal states that the trial "showed that real acupuncture treatments were no more effective than the sham acupuncture treatments" (Dubner,
Berman, Helene, & Witt, 2010). This demonstrates that acupuncture does not

The Demon -haunted World : Science As A Candle
The Demon –Haunted World: Science as a Candle in the Dark written by Carl Sagan was somewhat difficult for me to understand. Whereas, Mr.
Sagan makes it clear how he feels about a litany of topics ranging from worldwide trends towards foolishness, the prevalence of superstition, religion
and how religious leaders encourage congregations to believe in miracles. Mr. Sagan draws you in the beginning when he addresses how important
intellectual curiosity is to science. He expressed his love of science and unhappiness about American students being behind other industrialized nations
on basic science and math skills. He takes on pseudoscience verses scientific science. I too, see the importance of Scientific Science which allows
one to pursue the truth and validate those truths. Many times if we are not pursuing the scientific part of a problem, superstition and theories claims
that are not true get in the way for layperson to understand and appreciate the result and in some cases not care about the scientific benefits.
However, I do think we must be skeptical of some scientific results given to us. There is a lot of quackery and we should not accept in and
everything one say has been scientifically proven. Skeptical thinking enables you to recognize or be suspicious of valid and invalid arguments. Dr.
Sagan address in his book the "baloney detection kit", which should help one to recognize fallacious or fraudulent work.
2
When the book was

Pseudoscience Argumentative Essay
Pseudoscience can be defined as any claim, belief, or practice that is shown as scientific, but that claim has not been tested or proved using the scientific
method. Pseudoscience is so prevalent today as it is used in marketing efforts. It has the capability to make many consumers gullible because they see
something like "9/10 professionals recommend this product", and think, "Oh hey, if it's so highly recommended, then it must work. It must be good."
Many different industries use pseudoscience, including the cosmetic industry, healthcare...an example of a pseudoscientific claim could be the heavily
debated argument on whether or not vaccines cause autism. There's articles saying that research proves that they do, and there's articles saying that
research says that they don't.... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
They brush their teeth, floss, use mouthwash, and call it a day. Healthy teeth is great, but some people strive for the brightest, whitest smile they can
get. One new health care (maybe cosmetic?) product that has made an appearance recently is activated charcoal toothpaste. Bloggers and vloggers
rave on its all natural ability to whiten teeth in just one use, but does it really live up to the hype? Is it safe? Activated charcoal is a grainy substance
that is used in cases of poisonings as it prevents whatever poison from being absorbed from the stomach and into the body. An issue that dentists see
with activated charcoal being used as a toothpaste is that because it's a grainy substance, it can do damage to the enamel and the gums, which would do
more harm than good. Another issue is that while activated charcoal is safe to use, non activated charcoal is dangerous. There aren't many, if any at all,
major brands that carry activated charcoal toothpaste. There really isn't much proof that manufacturers are using actual activated charcoal in their

The Neverending Process of Career Planning
Introduction :
Career planning is an endless process of learning and improvement, which involves personal development and managing the future opportunities..In the
society we live in, choosing a scientific career organizes itself professional standards of practice and ethics. Moreover,it ensures continuous generation
of knowledge.The process of career planning involves taking control and managing your career so that you are making the right decision for your next
career move.This means knowing when to take advantage of opportunities, being proactive and strategic,making informed decisions and being aware of
your particular strengths and weaknesses. .http://books.google.co.uk
/
books?id=lXdUA_1dZa4C&printsec=frontcover&dq=research+scientists+careers&hl=en&sa=X&ei=nyoiU–H–OorJhAe–5IDIDA&ved=0CE8Q6AEwAQ
Body: The meaning of the word ''science'' has evolved in history with each historic period bringing different meanings. In modern use, "science" is a
way of finding out about the world by asking questions and trying to answer them by testing and observing.Biology is this dynamic aspect of
developmental science that makes it such a challenging scientific discipline.Scientific knowledge allows us to develop new technologies, solve
practical problems and constructing new ideas that we can use to solve real problems. As those ideas cycle through the process of science again and
again they are tested and retested in different

Is Science And Pseudoscience?
In this essay I will argue that science and pseudoscience cannot be clearly demarcated: rather that there's great difficulty and complication on the fringes
when asserting strict criteria that distinguishes the two. I will give a brief overview and draw on the arguments made by philosophers of science
throughout history and explain why perhaps their criteria are problematic. I will look in depth into 'creation science' and why we strongly consider this
as pseudoscientific and analyse the more ambiguous peripheries of science such as Freudian psychoanalysis or even economics. Laudan (1983) claimed
that the problem of demarcation can be traced back to ancient Greece and Aristotle. Aristotle asserted that from general laws one can deduce scientific
theories that are consequently truthful statements. Pseudoscientific theories according to Aristotle are not deductively formulated and therefore cannot
be considered scientific. However this method of demarcation is flawed: pseudosciences such as astrology can be vacuously true and most are reluctant
to say astrology is scientific. We can already see from this early stage that the distinctions between science and pseudoscience are murky and the
formulation of demarcation can be challenging. In the 17th century Francis Bacon introduced induction as the new method for producing scientific
theories. However inductive reasoning is riddled with problems that make it unsatisfactory for demarcating science. Hume's problem of induction

Pseudoscience Examples
Example 1 (5 points) A team of researchers are working on a project to make a new kind of airplane fuel. During their experiment, there was an
explosion that destroyed the lab. While they were cleaning up the debris, they discovered a number of pieces of frozen metal. The scientific
community was amazed. The researchers were so excited to report that they had discovered a fuel that burns so hot that it becomes cold. They were
not sure of the true importance of their discovery but they knew it was something that had never been seen before. The researchers quickly wrote up
a report, created a press release, and applied for a patent. The news spread quickly through the world wide scientific community and soon other
scientists were trying to replicate their experiment. Much to the relief of the original team or researchers, no other scientist could ever replicate their
find. Would this example be considered science or pseudoscience? Support your decision with at least three reasons. . This i... Show more content on
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Would this be an example of Science or Pseudoscience? Support your answer with at least three reasons. This would be an example of
pseudoscience because they said only 99 not 100 percent entirely the headache was gone and no method what so ever was involed A group of
researchers from a local lab are trying to get funding for a research study to determine if the color blue is better than the color green. They have written
a proposal and submitted to the company that could potentially give them the money needed to conduct the study. The researchers proposed to carry
out their study in four different geographic locations and use variations of both the color blue and the color green to ensure that they will gather
reliable information. Should the company give the researchers the money to conduct this study? Support your decision with at least three

Why Do Pseudoscientific Beliefs Violate The Principles Of...
1A. There are several harmful consequences in believing in a pseudoscientific system. One of the consequences is that you could be depriving yourself
or others from something that may be beneficial to your health. For example, you may believe something may be harmful, but it really causes no harm
at all, but instead will benefit your overall health. Another consequence is that by believing in a pseudoscientific concept, you may be putting other
people in danger. For example, by believing that vaccines may cause harm to your child, you are putting everyone that child interacts with in danger.
The overall consequence of believing in a pseudoscientific concept is that people waste their time and effort into believing and supporting something
that may not even be true.
1B. Pseudoscientific beliefs violate the principles of scientific thinking in three ways. Pseudoscience does not use systematic empiricism because it
only uses everyday observation and is not structured, so it does not provide enough information to allow for predictions. Secondly, pseudoscience does
not allow for public verification. The pseudoscientific concepts typically do not advertise their research to the general public which makes it nearly
impossible for the public to verify that the information is correct. ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
I believe opinion surveys are informative and entertaining on some topics, but should not be used on certain other topics. Opinion surveys are
entertaining when they are about topics such as food, hobbies, and fashion. Opinion surveys give good insight into how other people feel about the
same things you do and sometimes they may help you realize something you never knew before. I do participate in opinion polls through a website,
Buzzfeed, when they are about fun subjects. I enjoy seeing how people in other countries react and feel about some topics and compare them to people
in the United States. I usually do not participate in opinion polls when they are talking about

Pseudoscience In The Stars
Pseudoscience In The Stars Each and every human being on earth has a complex personality that is unique to them. There has been much debate over
what actually determines the phenomenon that is personality. While many believe that genes contribute to personality and character traits, according
to a Harris Poll in 2009, 26% of people have a very different belief (Currey). This portion of the population believe that the stars and planets are
actually the essential factors. This pseudoscientific belief is known as astrology. Astrology is the study of the movements and relative positions of
celestial bodies thought of having an influence on human affairs and the natural world (astrology). The roots of astrology are typically considered to
be from... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Somebody reading their horoscope will probably assume that the prediction is specific to their sign, just as the students and managers alike were
convince that the results were specific to their test answers. Forer himself explained that people are more likely to assume facts about themselves,
their personalities, and their future, are true if they want the claims to be true (Furnham). Forer's explanation is similar to the 'Polyanna principle',
which is the theory that you are more likely to accept claims if they are positive than if they were negative. There are even studies that show that
students who were skeptical of astrology are more likely to accept it as true if their results are positive

Scientist Vs Pseudoscientist Essay
Scientist vs Pseudoscientist Scientist and Pseudoscientist think and work in completely different ways. While a Scientist is actually factual and has
proof to back up their idea or experiment, pseudoscientist are the complete opposite. Pseudoscientist are built upon beliefs that they find factual, or
practices mistakenly regarded as being an actual scientific method. AN example of pseudoscience would be the vaccinations and autism hoax. There is
no scientific proof the vaccinations causes autism to children. This was all an assumption from one person. An example of real science would be
psychology, real actual facts that talk about they way people act or the functions of their brain, this is all real science. Now scientist think and analyze
their surroundings much different than a pseudoscientist. For example, Scientist ask questions, make detailed observations, develop a hypothesis, they
may design an experiment to try and answer their hypothesis. One way that scientist analyze and think differently is that they ask actual questions.
They ask these questions because scientist are a curious bunch. They have to ask as many intellectual questions before they can accept it. A hypothesis
is also a educated question upon the experiment that they are studying and trying to figure out. This ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Mostly everyone has done a simple scientific experiment in high school. It is very similar to a real experiment that scientist conduct. They select a
topic, make a hypothesis, make a data table, conduct the actual experiment, collect the data, the finally come to a conclusion. This will see if their
predictions or hypotheses are correct. On the other hand, pseudoscientist never carry out an well careful experiment. Pseudoscientist usually claim that
they have done an experience that isn't as accurate as real scientists

A Scientist, By Aldous Huxley
When thinking of a scientist, the visual that often comes to mind would be that of a curious, patient individual slaving away in a sterile environment.
Scientists are often viewed by society as quite droll, but in reality, they must be incredibly creative and intuitive in order to make scientific discoveries.
Children around the world often dream of making remarkable scientific discoveries, although for some, unfortunate circumstances prevent them from
working in scientific laboratories. Whether it be due to a major illness or a physical defect, many inspired adolescents are kept from their true passion,
due to the demands of the field. These individuals are often forced into much less favorable professions, but still retain the analytical mind of a
prospective scientist. However, those lucky few who are allowed to express their scientific interests through their alternate occupations, typically
novelists, often portray idealistic societies which have been driven forward by scientific advances. One such disgruntled novelist, Aldous Huxley,
allows his creativity to flourish through his work, spouting a myriad of technological advancements which have allowed society to become utopian. In
Brave New World, author Aldous Huxley presents the reader with a fanciful tale of scientific conquest and social upheaval, which ultimately degrades
his reputation as a credible scientist. Aldous Huxley, unlike many of his peers, was born into a highly prominent family of intellectuals. His

Essay about Creation Science
Creationism is a religious metaphysical theory about the origin of the universe. It is not a scientific theory. Technically, creationism is not necessarily
connected to any particular religion. It simply requires a belief in a Creator. Millions of Christians and non–Christians believe there is a Creator of the
universe and that scientific theories such as the the theory of evolution do not conflict with belief in a Creator. However, fundamentalist Christians such
as Ronald Reagan and Jerry Falwell, have co–opted the term 'creationism' and it is now difficult to refer to creationism without being understood as
referring to fundamentalist Christians who (a) take the stories in Genesis as accurate accounts of the origin of the universe and ... Show more content on
Helpwriting.net ...
That theory is quite distinct from the fact of evolution. Other scientists have different theories of evolution, but only a negligible few deny the fact of
evolution. Gish is not doing science when he argues against the fact of evolution. He has no interest in scientific facts or theories. His interest is in
apologetics: defending the faith against what he sees as attacks on God's Truth. All his arguments are defensive; they are attempts to show that the
evidence does not support the scientific fact of evolution.
Creationists, mistaking the uncertain in science for the unscientific, see the debate among evolutionists regarding how best to explain evolution as a
sign of weakness. Scientists, on the other hand, see uncertainty as simply an inevitable element of scientific knowledge. They regard debates on
fundamental theoretical issues as healthy and stimulating. Science, says evolutionary biologist Stephen Jay Gould, is "most fun when it plays
with interesting ideas, examines their implications, and recognizes that old information may be explained in surprisingly new ways." Thus,
through all the debate over evolutionary mechanisms biologists have not been led to doubt that evolution has occurred. "We are debating how it
happened," says Gould (1983, p.256).
Creation science, on the other hand, is not science but pseudoscience and it is connected to a particular group of fundamentalist Christians. Most
Christians,

How Reiki Is Considered As A Form Of Healing Essay
This assignment evaluates the topic of reiki, which is considered as a form of healing. To begin, it provides a definition and highlights reiki's
application in mainstream medicine. This forms scientific assumptions of the use of the scientific method. This highlights credibility, methodology and
reliability as a precursor of application to public health. As a result, it firstly demonstrates credibility through the process of gathering scientific facts
from reliable sources. Journals are found using the British Psychological Society (BPS) and PsycINFO. This subsequently provides empirical research
for critical review. Secondly, it explores methodology from a selection of these journals. It includes the necessity of operational definitions, value and
measurement, and construct validity. Finally, it therefore demonstrates the reliability of results as scientific data, to infer robust conclusions. This will
provide the basis of the argument to evaluate if reiki is science or pseudoscience. Reiki Application Firstly, reiki is described as an ancient Japanese
form of therapeutic healing (Baldwin, Rand & Schwartz, 2013; Baldwin, Wagers & Schwartz, 2008; Cuneo et al., 2011; Diaz–Rodriguez et al., 2011;
Richeson, Spross, Lutz & Peng, 2010; Shore, 2004). Its efficacy claims to improve human welfare–a shared perspective of many science applications
(Anderson, 1998). Its mechanism is theorised as a natural phenomenon (National Center for Complementary and Alternative Medicine

Should We Let Astrology Affect Our Thinking Or Perception...
Should we let astrology affect our thinking or perception towards life?
In today's society, astrology has been an extremely fascinating belief and study among certain social groups. Many people are used to refer to the
daily horoscope in newspapers and popular magazines. However, a large group of scientists and philosophers such as Thagard (1978) consider that
astrology is a pseudoscience, but there is a small amount of scientific evidence on whether if it is truly a pseudoscience or not. Some of them discuss
that the psychological belief in astrology of oneself is the consequence of his or her desperation in finding solutions to their personal problems such
as marriage and career which can somehow affect their life because of its psychological effects (Bennett, 1998). Besides, astrology is considered as an
"ancestor" of modern science which is supported by two aspects of discussions (Thomas, 1971). Furthermore, most scientists hold the opinion that
astrology can not be trust because it is lack of scientific support. Nevertheless, according to Fitts & Fitzgerald (1977), the fate of one person is
determined at some level which is inevitable and inescapable. Moreover, Konstantinides (2004) contradict the idea that constellations are supposed to
determine the characteristics of oneself in that everyone is different somehow even for twins. At last but not least, some experts claim that people do
not necessarily understand themselves and others through astrology. That is why we

The Burden Of Pseudoscience And Skepticism
Some people believe in ghosts, angels, evils, paranormal activities and so on. Are those things called pseudoscience? Why do people believe in it?
Debates over definition and functions of science, pseudoscience and skepticism have been there for hundreds of years and the chances are that it will
never stop. However, "Science and Pseudoscience" by Joseph Calabrese, "I want to believe" by Michael Shermer, "The burden of skepticism" by Carl
Sagan give the readers better insight of what science, pseudoscience and skepticism are. All three authors have their own ideas but still have some
similarities on how they define those three terms.
The definition of "science" is disputed among scientists and is hard to define exactly. Nevertheless, Shermer and Calabrese have their own way in
explaining the term "science". Shermer states that "How can we tell the difference between what we would like to be true and what is actually ... Show
He gives an example of a customer who go to the used car store. If the customer fully trust a used car salesman, perhaps he will have to pay for the
repairing cost later. But if the customer have a little bit of skepticism to ask a salesperson more or to check the car before purchasing it, that will be
much better and save his money. Sagan also addresses that "Skepticism is dangerous. That's exactly its function, in my view.". It is dangerous because
once students are taught to be skeptical, it will not limit only to channeling or television commercials, but it will extend to sensitive fields such as
political, religious beliefs and so on. He stresses the importance of balancing between skepticism and openness to new hypothesis. Too much skepticism
will prevent scientists from furthering their knowledge while too much credulity will decrease their ability to differentiate between useful and useless

Homeopathic Medicine Is Pseudoscience
Why Homeopathic Medicine is pseudoscience.
Homeopathic Medicine is a waste of time and money. This essay will be about how Homeopathic Medicine is a pseudoscience and does not work. The
three points I will be making are: homeopathy is outdated, homeopathic medicine is water, homeopathic medicine are placebos at best.
Homeopathy is an outdated method of medicine proposed in the year 1796. It was said to spiritually and physically heal you of any ailments. The
claim of it spiritually healing you should be enough to call it pseudo. The medicine is created by mixing a substance into water. The concept of it
was like cures like. For example an onion would be used as a substance to cure irritated eyes or runny nose and poison ivy would be ... Show more
content on Helpwriting.net ...
In Homeopathy the more you dilute the substance in water the stronger it becomes. A common Homeopathic medicine has the dilution 30c which
basically means 1 part medicine to 100 to the power of 30 parts water. This an extremely small amount. Most Homeopaths realize this and say that
there isn't a signal drop of substance in the water.
Homeopathic Medicine are just placebos at best. In 2013 the NHMRC(National Health and Medical Research Council) did a review of Homeopathy.
They examined 68 medical conditions and out of those 7 had no good evidence for either side and 61 had no evidence of improvement with
Homeopathy. Also a few years before that the UK House of Commons Science and Technology Committee did there own report basically concluding
that it is a placebo.
"In our view, the systematic reviews and meta–analyses conclusively demonstrate that homeopathic products perform no better than placebos. The
Government shares our interpretation of the evidence. We asked the Minister, Mike O'Brien, whether the Government had any credible evidence that
homeopathy works beyond the placebo effect and he responded: "the straight answer is no"."– UK House of Commons Science and Technology

The Pros And Cons Of Pseudoscience
What is Pseudoscience? Before this assignment I had no understanding of what defines science as science and how to pinpoint what is true science
and what is fake science, otherwise known as pseudoscience. According to Jeffrey Lee who published Science and Pseudoscience, pseudoscience is
considered a fake science. It is a collection of assertions that do not satisfy the requirements to practice true science. The difference being science
relies solely on careful observations and experiments to either confirm or reject a hypothesis. It has to require reproducible results, personal stories or
testimonies are prohibited. As well as arguments are based on logical and/ or mathematical reasoning. Lastly, there is progress; more and more things
are learned and developed over time. Whereas, Pseudoscience is nothing but the complete opposite of what science represents. It is based off a
hypothesis where the evidence is looked only to support the original hypothesis with little to no experimentation. Researches focus without skepticism
and rely on personal stories and testimonies to back their belief. After a conclusion is made there is no further progress; nothing new is learned as
time passes. These two very different methods can be the fine line between what is science and what is pseudoscience. According to Rodney Schmaltz
and Scott O. Lilienfeld who published The 7 Ways to Identify Pseudoscience A person can identify what a pseudoscience is by acknowledging that
others will use

Pseudoscience: Development In The Western World After The...
Cristal Arevalo
Professor Hurst
English 2
06/28/2016
Menace to Society
Pseudoscience was developing in the western world after the enlightenment movement. The term was developed in order to portray con artist.
Pseudoscience was seen to be used first during 1844. By the twentieth century the term was extended further. The idea of pseudoscience was to give
recognition to skeptical ideas and practicing scientist. Pseudoscience is an important when thinking rationally. It allows to determine the concepts
behind extrasensory perceptions, as well as many other concepts. Pseudoscience is known to be involved with science. However, pseudoscience is
actually based on theories, predictions and the human beings everyday thought and not as an actually ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
The association in the twentieth century of an ethnic group known as the Romani people contributed to Renaissance magic or as we now call it
fortune–telling. Fortune telling illustrates events and behaviors to a human being. It distinguishes patterns in a person's life in order to establish the
explanation. Fortune–tellers are typically know to have superhuman powers. The explanation given by the fortune teller is not technically based on the
scientific theory. On the other hand, the prediction given is simply a matter of imagination. If the prediction given later on implies to be true is
issued as fallacious reasoning. Furthermore, astrology is rather proved to be more of a pseudoscience concept. Over the years, astrology has been
determined wrong. Astrologers as fortune tellers, follow patterns to emphasize its theory. Astrologers make horoscopes in a general view. For instance,
success is just around the corner if you work hard you'll achieve it in no time. The statement typically illustrates that at a point in life an individual will
be successful. However, all human being are successful at something at a point in life. The statement may not fit every single individual, but it will fit a
certain number of

Pseudoscience Paper
Mega 1
The Impact of Pseudoscience on Consumers Pseudoscience is known by many as false science. Many consumers are convinced by companies that sells
these products provide instant cures that lead to a healthier lifestyle. These products are scientific theories that have little evidence to back up their
scientific claims. The Internet, health food stores, magazines, and commercials are just a few ways that companies can target potential consumers to
sell their products. Medical information searched by consumers via the Internet has become the largest source of information worldwide. Consumers
search the Internet for weight loss strategies, treatments for autism, anti–aging creams, male enhancement, and prevention of cancer and heart ... Show
While health foods stores attract consumers to purchase health supplements, many manufacturers use health food stores to promote their bogus
products. In March 1999, the FTC filed a complaint in federal court against the makers of Vitamin O. The company ran false ads claiming the Vitamin
O supplement prevents cancer, heart, and lung disease by adding an extra oxygen supplement to the bloodstream. With no scientific evidence to prove
the benefits of Vitamin O, the two companies from Washington agreed to a settlement of $375,000 for consumer compensation. The settlement
prohibited the Vitamin O manufacturers from making claims that were unsupported about the Vitamin O health benefits. Testimonials and
endorsements of product represented through previous experience from members of the public who used the product were also prohibited in the
settlement. In conclusion, marketing agents with false science beliefs have one common goal: To sell! We as consumers must be aware and informed
of unknown supplements that claims to have a great deal of impact to your life. These products are known for its testimonials by doctors and actors that
make claims of using the product. Pseudoscience supplements have caused serious illnesses and even death due to consumers lack of knowledge when
purchasing these products. It is strongly recommended that consumers research the companies and the product that advertise false products very
carefully before purchasing a supplement that claims to

What Are Aliens A Pseudoscience?
Aliens as a pseudoscience at times can be somewhat controversial because the belief in aliens is mainly interpreted in two ways. One belief is the idea
that aliens exist somewhere in the universe but have not necessarily visited earth. The second main interpretation is the belief that aliens visited earth
before and/or currently visiting earth in UFO's. This belief is more pseudoscientific than the first because, the odds of the mere existence of aliens
is a matter of probability. But, the second is more difficult to explain and often relies on some pseudoscientific explanations, reasoning errors, and
visual illusions. The belief in UFO and aliens visiting earth is a lot more common than most people realize as Rice ( 2003) points out in his study. In
a survey of about 1,000 people in the U.S, 35% of people stated they believed extraterrestrials have visited Earth at some point in the past while, 40%
did not ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Visual illusions is the most common regarding UFO's sightings because what the person might be seeing can just be a visual illusion and not an
actual UFO. This plays a huge role in UFO sightings because most UFO sightings are seen from very far away, making it possible that what most
people are seeing is the strong effect of a visual illusion in the sky. For instance, an illusion known as the airplane illusion states that familiar size
determines the apparent size and distance of the plane or in this case an object in the sky ( Hershenson & Samuels, 1999). For example, the fact
that we are familiar with a plane and expect it to be a certain size and certain speed affects how we perceive the size and speed of the objects in the sky.
Therefor, this may affect how we see lights or other objects such as a balloon that seem far away and moving either fast or slow in the

Pseudoscience In The Happening
M. Night Shyamalan's apocalyptic thriller The Happening depicts an immediate threat to humanity in which people are attacked by air–borne
substances. The unknown substance re–wires the brains of those infected causing them to perform violent acts of self harm that result in mass suicide
across the North–Eastern region of the United States. The culprit? Plants. The Happening endorses the outrageous possibility that as a mechanism of
self defense, plants release chemicals or toxins into the air with the intent to kill humans in response to years of pollution and global warming.
Throughout the movie, "science" is used to prove the possibility of an event like this occurring. While there is evidence to suggest certain aspects of
the film may have some truth to them, more often than not, the movie is backed by pseudoscience rather than real scientific data. Pseudoscience can be
... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
While it is true that our bodies radiate energy, mood rings pick up changes in temperature, and cannot actually tell us if we're feeling happy versus
scared, they only respond to temperature changes. Although the temperature of your body does in fact vary when emotions change, there's too many
variables (i.e weather, health, etc.) that make mood rings inaccurate. There's also an issue with the fact that when the plants "strike" the wind blows,
insinuating that there's some kind of correlation or communication between the behavior of the wind and the plants. It's no surprise this ridiculous bit
of pseudoscience appears in the film given that according to Mark Wahlberg's character Elliot, scientists make up explanations of natural phenomena
but they never really understand it. This is a completely inaccurate depiction of science and better fits the definition of

Pseudoscience In The Bible
Pseudoscience is defined as the beliefs, theories or practices that are or have been considered scientific, but have no basis in scientific principle. From
this upcoming pseudoscience, claims have been formed and presented with the intention of appearing scientific although they lack supporting evidence
and plausibility. Therefore, those claims are not scientific. Pseudoscience has also been viewed as kind of mind pollution since it reverses the scientific
process by assuming the individual's conclusion then searching for evidence that supports their conclusion while disregarding other evidence and
arguments that are contrary. A well
–known example of pseudoscience is the biblical tale of Noah's flood. Noah's flood was a worldwide flood that is
described in detail in Genesis 6–8. God flooded the whole world as a punishment for the wickedness of mankind. The Bible accounts that Noah
received mercy from the Lord and God instructed him to build an Ark so that he and his family might be saved, which is why it is referred to as
Noah's flood. As modern geology developed, also know as flood geology, creation geology or diluvia geology, became an accepted idea and raised
questions and theories. Although there are doubters, according to popular belief, the flood did in fact happen with geographical evidence.
Pseudoscientists, when dealing with Noah's ark, focus on the logistics and ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Further, they claim that Noah and the animals floated on a shallow, temporary inland sea caused by the flood, somehow covering only the
Mesopotamian region. Thus, they must claim that the Earth's entire human population was limited to this area, or that not all humans were killed in
the flood. Is there really biblical evidence for claims of this nature? The whole earth was devastated. God said, "I am surely going to destroy both them
(the people) and the Earth(Genesis

Why We Need To Understand Science Carl Sagan Analysis
In "Why We Need to Understand Science", Carl Sagan argues the possible reasons why Americans confuse "pseudo" science and real science and
discusses effects of this phenomenon. According to Merriam–Webster, pseudoscience is defined as "a system of theories, assumptions, and methods
erroneously regarded as scientific". It is erroneous to equate a "pseudo" science like astrology to a real science like astronomy because astrology lacks
the empirical data necessary to define it as a science. Sagan says in his article that the result of this confusion can be disastrous because society is
dependent on science and technology for everything from global warming to homeland security (12–13). Furthermore, he states this confusion is
caused by the lack ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Essentially, STEM was initiated as a concept that U.S. Department of Education could use to promote comprehensive learning in the sciences and
mathematics. This movement was facilitated by the Committee on STEM Education which had a five–step plan to use new and repurposed funds to
increase the impact of federal investments (U.S. Department of Education, Science). AVID stands for Advanced Via Individual Determination and is a
program intended to promote college–readiness in populations that are traditionally underrepresented. Even though it is not specifically focused on
science and math, it is important to mention because with the focus on education in America shifting, more colleges are stressing importance on
students' preparation in these fields. One of the primary activities that AVID uses to promote readiness is tutorials which are study groups that use
specific methods that are better correlated with science and mathematics since these are the subjects that students have more difficulties with. AVID`s
promotion of STEM becomes especially clear when one observes the program in California because the state's public institutions are focused on these
fields. San Bernardino County in California even stated on its community indicator report that "In the AVID 2013 graduating class, 87% of seniors had
been accepted to at least one four–year college or university" (17) which means that many students were competitive enough in STEM fields to
compete with their international

Pseudoscience: Questions
1.How would you handle a patient who is emphatic that they believe a pseudoscience? 50 Points Grading Rubric:
Required Discussion ElementsPoint Value
Description of how to handle a patient who believes a pseudoscience. Make at least 3 solid points.15
Proper citation of the material.5
Respond to 2 classmates. (10 points each)20
No spelling or grammar errors.10
Total possible points50 How would you handle a patient who is emphatic that they believe a pseudoscience?
Pseudoscience is a belief that is portrayed as scientific but fails to meet scientific criteria. Pseudoscience includes astrology, Young
–Earth creationism,
iridology, neuro–linguistic programming and water divining, to name but a few.
People are usually mislead to believe

Pseudoscience Theory
Research uses science and strict protocol to reach theories to explain hypothesis. Unfortunately some science incompletely follows protocol or leaves
out entire parts of the process. These studies are considered pseudoscience. Brian Dunning wrote an article in 2007 called How to Spot
Pseudoscience. This article gives 15 telltale signs to spotting a pseudoscience. In the article Carol Dweck Revisits the 'Growth Mindset' article
(Dweck, 2015), the authors posit that a 'Growth Mindset' is the key to growing one's brain. This theory explains that through increased effort one can
achieve feats of formerly impossible measures. Dunning's article is a useful guide in showing that the 'Growth Mindset' is a pseudoscience. Some
reasons include the idea that if something sounds too good to be true it probably is, the claim lacks the requirements of a theory and it also fails to
pass the Occam Razor test.
There is a saying that if something sounds too good to be true, it probably is. This applies to claims made under the guise of science as well. How great
would it be if effort were the magical key to gaining depths of knowledge formerly thought to be unachievable? "If I just try harder, I will be able to
overcome." How can this be tested? Is effort quantifiable? One way effort is measured is by the amount of time ... Show more content on
Helpwriting.net ...
The Growth Mindset does not meet the requirements of a theory. For a theory to be substantiated, it must be able to be duplicated and supported
by not just one but multiple pieces of evidence. A Growth Mindset claims that a person can improve or grow their brain if they believe they are
capable of doing so, as opposed to those with a "fixed mindset", believing their mindset is unchangeable or fixed, not malleable. Carol Dweck
Revisits the 'Growth Mindset' article (Dweck, 2015). This study has yet to be duplicated. The lack of duplication of this study is one reason it
qualifies it as a

Example Of Pseudoscience
Pseudoscience Distinguishing the boundary between science and pseudoscience can be troublesome if not extremely fuzzy. What would seem like a
black or white situation is actually riddled with gray. Science, as we know, is a way of obtaining knowledge by observing the natural world through
curiosity and thought–provoking ideas. These ideas lead to investigations and experimentations in which one, through reason, draws conclusions.
But, what about pseudoscience? What criteria does something have to meet in order to be classified as pseudoscience? Technically, pseudoscience
is really a form of fallacious thinking. In simplest terms, I define pseudoscience as a false science based on a belief or practice that attempts to
validate a claim without any scientific credibility. Generally, the person stating the claim works backward in that they look for proof that meets the
needs of the claim. In science, the evidence (or proof) will lead to the claim. For something to be a true science, it must be tested and peer–reviewed. If
the discovery can be reproduced over and over then one has something of a scientific claim. Without it, everything else is just pseudoscience. There
are many examples of pseudoscience in our society today and each day people fall victim to it. One common product peddled claiming to be
science–based is fad diets. Every year, it... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
The reasons for someone to use pseudoscience to back a claim could be for profit or other reasons but there is no scientific evidence to support the
claim. Furthermore, one should be aware of the difference between the two as it could make a difference in one's health or financial situation. There
are plenty of people in the world willing to do anything to make a fast buck, with no thought of how it may harm

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