1. Sexual Assault & ED patients
SARC respectfully acknowledges the Traditional Custodians of this land and we pay our respects to Elders, past and present.
5. Statistics
► Higher rates of sexual assault for females than males,
irrespective of age.
► 45% of women sexually assaulted since the age of 15 had
experienced more than one incident.
► Females 15 - 19yo: most at risk of being sexually assaulted,
(over 4x higher than overall female rate), least likely to report it.
► Aboriginal women experience higher rates of sexual assault (2 -
4 times higher ABS study 2006).
► Reported sexual assaults in Australia increased by 51%
between 1995 & 2007 at an average of 4% each year.
7. SARC: demographics
Between 320-370 emergency cases per year
95% female, 5 % male
Approx 60% are under 24 years old
8-12% clients are Aboriginal
15-20% current or ex-partner is alleged
assailant
80% assailants known to the complainant
Approx 60% involve the police initially
8. SARC
Based at KEMH in Subiaco
Provide advice to calls from the whole of WA
Provide assessment for metropolitan patients
Receive referrals from Police, hospitals, agencies, GPs, friends,
relatives or patient.
SARC 13 years +, <13 year: CPU, 13-15 years either
Patients presenting following a recent sexual assault are seen
together by a doctor and counsellor
Counsellor to speak with the patient for a phone assessment
Can contact the on call Doctor via switchboard (local/KEMH)
Counsellor contact via MEHRL
9. Definition of Sexual Assault
WA Criminal Code
• Sexual penetration without consent
• Aggravated sexual penetration without consent
•
‘Aggravated’ can include: causing injury; using a weapon;
detaining the complainant; the complainant’s age; if the
complainant had a disability .
• Indecent assault
• Aggravated indecent assault
• Consent freely and voluntarily given without force or threat
10. Consent
What divides legal from illegal sexual interaction
Legal age of sexual consent in WA is 16 years
A “free agreement” – which cannot be given if
intoxicated, frightened, asleep, unconscious,
forced or coerced, don’t understand what is
happening
Can be withdrawn at any time
13. Mandatory Reporting
Doctors must report a belief, formed on reasonable grounds in
the course of their work, paid or unpaid, that a child or young
person (under 18 years old) has been the subject of sexual
abuse or is the subject of ongoing sexual abuse on or after
1/1/2009
Includes circumstances where child or young person (under
18 years old) has less power than the other person, and
where there is a significant disparity in developmental function
or maturity
Free phone: 1800 708 704
www.mandatoryreporting.dcp.wa.gov.au
15. Injuries
Injuries / hospital setting
• Prioritise injury management
• Acute medical issues take priority over forensic
concerns
• Moderate (5%) to severe (1%) general physical
injury such as head injuries, strangulation,
fractures and widespread soft tissue injury.
• Likelihood of genital injury in pre-pubertal girls and
post-menopausal women – otherwise significant
injury is uncommon.
17. Forensic: DNA persitence
• In the mouth
• 6 hours usually
• Up to 24 hours possibly
• Effected by oral intake
• In the vagina
• Up to 24 hours usually
• Up to 3 days is likely
• 5 to 10 days possibly
• In the anal canal
• Up to 24 hours
• Up to 48 hours possibly
• Affected by bowel actions
• On skin
• Only require 46 cells to ID DNA
• Up to first shower
18. Forensic
Within 2 weeks
Collection and storage of specimens and
clothing (swabs, scrapings, debris, photos)
Injury documentation
Reports, expert witness testimony
Provision of information, advice and forensic
kits to regional centres
19. Forensic exam may still be worthwhile even if:
► the person has showered, bathed or been for a swim
► the person has had consensual sex with another
person before or
after the assault
► the assailant wore a condom
► the complainant doesn’t think the assailant ejaculated
If the complainant is unsure if they want to involve the
Police, forensic samples may be able to be collected and
stored for up to 6 months
20. Forensic
Early Evidence Forensic Specimens
DNA contamination
Clothing
Toxicology
Injury Documentation
23. Clothing
• Separate bags to prevent contamination
• Paper bags
• Document if clothes stored in a bag
together
• Sometimes a drop sheet is required, but a
SARC doctor will direct about this
24. Toxicology
• Blood - grey top (or x2 purple)
• Urine
• Document time taken and who
collected it from the patient
• Often have to take it when patient
unable to consent
25. Evidence
•Maintain a ‘chain of
evidence’
•Document times and events
•Note down who, what is done,
when and where
35. Not injuries
Redness – non-specific finding which
may result from infection,
inflammation or trauma
Tenderness - subjective symptom /
complaint of a client / patient rather
an objective sign / finding of a doctor
36. Genital-anal examination
• External and internal (vaginal speculum)
components
• Some people decline an internal
examination
• An internal examination of a female who
had not been previously sexually active
would generally NOT be conducted
• External peri-anal and internal
(proctoscope) components
• Proctoscopic examination is NOT routine
• SARC does not take genital
photography/videography