1. DIPLOMA IN WOOD INDUSTRY
FINAL YEAR REPORT
WTE 375
PARTICLEBOARD FROM OIL
PALM FROND
NORHALIMAHTUS SAADIAH BINTI RAZALI (2009445966)
NOOR AIN BINTI MOHD HAZAN (20094842772)
IZZAH AZIMAH BINTI NOH (2009482646)
3. PARTICLEBOARD
panel product made by compressing small particle of wood while simultaneously
bonding them with an adhesive.
first made in Germany in1940.
nine types of board that are:
1. chips
2. flake
3. wafer
4. sawdust
5. excelsior
6. sliver
7. strand
8. shaving
9. fiber
Particleboard can be choose to undergo either flat press or extruded press but the
most popular is flat press.
4. S
PECIES : OIL PALM FROND
SOURCE : UITM AGRICULTURE FARM
REASON : TO REDUCE WASTE OF OIL PALM
6. CHARACTERISTIC OF PARTICLEBOARD
• cheaper
• denser
• More uniform that conventional wood and
plywood
• is substituted for them when appearance
• strength are less important than cost
•The strength of the board will depend on;
- density
- thickness
- layered
- graded structure
- adhesive
8. • Particle come out with different sizes by using
screening machine
• wood species is oil palm
• particle sizes as a parameter:
- 1.0 mm
- 2.0 mm
• resin that use in producing the particleboard is
phenol formaldehyde.
• using different concentration as a parameter:
- 7%
- 9%
-11%
10. •CHIPPER
to chip large pieces of wood
• FLAKER
for cutting into desired sizes flakes from chips as
well as sliced bamboo and crushed veneer
•SCREENING
screening the flake into differences size
11. •OVEN
for reducing the moisture content of flake
•BALANCE
balancing weight of PF and also balancing
weight of particle
12. •PARTICLEBOARD MIXER
for mixing the particle with resin
•COLD PRESS
for reducing the thickness of particle board and
consolidate the resin
•HOT PRESS
for heating and curing the resin
13. •ARM SAW
for trimming the edge of particle board
•TABLE SAW
To cut the particleboard for testing
•INSTRON (TESTING MACHINE)
For test the bending and internal bonding
16. 1. Calculate total materials required per board
Target density = 600kg/m³
Thickness = 12mm
Length x width = 35mm x 35mm
Material required per board
= Length x Width x Thickness x Density
= 35cm x 35cm x 1.2cm³ x 0.6g/cm³
= 882g (at ± 10% equivalence Moisture Content)
=801.8g (at oven died weight)
17. 2. Calculated resin required
Resin content = 7%
Solid content of resin = 40.2% (as given as
supplier)
Amount of liquid resin required =
[ RS/SC x Wt. per board ]+ 5%
= (0.09/0.402 x 801.8) + 5%
= 146.58g
18. 3. Calculated equivalence resin content
Equivalent resin content= Liquid resin x solid content
= 139.6 x 0.402
= 56.12g
22. Material required per board
= Length x Width x Thickness x Density
= 35cm x 35cm x 1.02cm³ x 0.6g/cm³
= 882g (at ± 10% equivalence Moisture Content)
=801.8g (at oven died weight)
23. 2. Calculated resin required
Resin content = 9%
Solid content of resin = 40.2% (as given as
supplier)
Amount of liquid resin required
= [ RS/SC x Wt. per board ]+ 5%
= (0.09/0.402 x 801.8) + 5%
= 188.48g
28. 1. Calculate total materials required per board
Target density = 600kg/m³
Thickness = 12mm
Length x width = 35mm x 35mm
Material required per board
= Length x Width x Thickness x Density
= 35cm x 35cm x 1.2cm³ x 0.6g/cm³
= 882g (at ± 10% equivalence Moisture Content)
=801.8g (at oven died weight)
29. 2. Calculated resin required
Resin content = 11%
Solid content of resin = 40.2% (as given as
supplier)
Amount of liquid resin required
= [ RS/SC x Wt. per board ]+ 5%
= (0.11/ 0.402 x 801.8) + 5%
= 230.37g
41. PARTICLEBOARD CUTTING SECTION FOR TESTING
•MOE
measure the resistance to bending
related to stiffness of a beam MOE/MOR 1
•MOR MOE / MOR 2
The index of the ultimate breaking IB1 TS1 IB2 TS2 IB3 TS3 IB4
strength when loaded as a simple
beam MOE / MOR 3
TS4 IB5 TS5 IB6 TS6 IB7 TS7
•IB
for measure the mechanical
properties of the particle board. MOE / MOR 4
•TS
measurement of the physical
properties of particleboard
42. BENDING TESTING This testing is for measure the
mechanical properties of the particle
board.
Usually, this testing is for measure
the Modulus of Rupture (MOR) and
Modulus of Elasticity (MOE)
From this testing we can know the
mode of failure from testing as well as
for structural application requiring
strength and rigidity
For this particleboard, the testing for
the sample is important to determine
the characteristics for overall samples.
43. INTERNAL BONDING
An overall measure of the board’s
integrity that defines how well the
core material is bonded together.
In the standard test for IB,
dimension of 50mm x 50mm piece of
particleboard is pulled apart with
tension applied perpendicularly to
both faces.
IB is influence directly by board
density, resin content, particle
geometry and raw material type.
44. THICKNESS SWELLING
These types of testing usually for
measurement of the physical
properties of particleboard.
The Thickness Swelling and Water
Absorption test we soaked the sample
to the water.
Before we soaked the sample to the
water we must take the weight for
Water Absorption testing and the
length and diameter for Thickness
Swelling testing.