PRACTICAL RESEARCH

1. CHAPTER II
TAKING NOTES &
DOCUMENTING
SOURCE PROPERLY

2. MUST TO DO FOR
DOCUMENTING Identifying the main idea of the
material
Choosing the relevant ideas for
your study
Developing a system of note
taking that works for you
Putting your own ideas and
insights in bullets

3. MUST TO DO FOR
DOCUMENTINGPutting the information in
your own words (most of the
time)
Using verbatim sparingly
Recording the author’s or the
researcher’s bibliographic
information

4. Strategies in n0te-
talking
Selective &Systematic
Identify the purpose and
function of a text
Identify how the information
is organized
Include your thoughts

5. Selective
&SystematicReason why you’re reading
Skim the text
Looks for the main points
Write your insights about the
ideas that were presented for
later use

6. Selective
&Systematic
write down your
insights in bullets so
that you know that
those are yours.

7. identify the purpose and function
of a text.
write these down so that you can get ideas
when you do your literature or when you
write your paper.
Read the title, abstract, or preface (if there
is one) in the material that you chose.
Afterwards, read the introduction or first
paragraph. Skim the text to read topic
readings.

8. identify the purpose and function
of a text.
Read the graphic material (if any) and
figure out its purpose in the text.
Remember that your purpose is to gather
as much materials as you can to get a
good grasp of your chosen research topic.

9. identify how the information is
organized.
Most texts are arranged in a logical order.
Some logical hierarchies are:
 Past ideas to present ideas;
steps or stages of process or event; most
important point to least important point;
well – known ideas to least known ideas;

10. identify how the information is
organized.
simple ideas to complex ideas;
general ideas to specific ideas;
largest part to the smallest part of
something;
problems and solutions;
 and causes and results. For your purpose,
you can decide later which technique of
organization you would want to adopt.

11. include your
thoughtsRemember to put them in bullets so that
you know that those were your thoughts.
 This way, you can review your thoughts to
make sure that you are inferring a valid
thought or conclusion on the readings
that you did. Having these thoughts will
allow you to further infer on future
readings.

12. Techniques to Note
Taking
SUMMARY
PRECIS
PARAPHRASE
VERBATIM

13. SUMMAR
YSummary is one of the most used
techniques for notation. The
purpose of a summary is to give a
condensed and objective account
of the main ideas and features of
a text (VanderMey, 2007).

14. SUMMAR
YIn summarizing, you have to consider
the context which the material was
written. A direct quote can be used in
this technique. A summary consists of
one to three paragraphs or
approximately reducing the text to
50%. The goal is to omit details that
are not important to your research.

15. SUMMAR
YIn summarizing, do not forget to include
the author, the title of the text, and the
place of publication. Include author tags
like, “According to... (name of author) or,
As (name of author) explains...” This will
indicate that you are summarizing their
work. Be objective in summarizing. Avoid
including your ideas or opinions in the
text. Save your opinions at the end of the
review of literature.

16. Précis
the précis is considered as the
blueprint of the text. It is a
shortening of the text, in your
own words, describing the text
as accurately and briefly as
possible. The challenge in
using précis is to be factual in
your writing.

17. Précis
The mood of the material is very
important in a précis. Take care
not to alter the mood to which
the original material was written.
A standard length of a précis is
one-third of the original text.

18. Paraphras
ea restatement of a text or a passage
without any attempt at reducing the
original material. Its goal is to explain
and clarify the text being
paraphrased. No direct quotation is
needed in the technique of
paraphrasing. A paraphrase is more
detailed compared to a summary.

19. Paraphras
eIn paraphrasing, review the
passage to get the whole
meaning of the material being
paraphrased. State the ideas in
your own words and define
concepts as necessary.

20. Paraphras
eWrite for clarity but don’t change
the meaning of the context.
Simplify your words for better
understanding.
Be sure to maintain accuracy and
tone of the original material.

21. VERBATI
Mverbatim is the simplest and
easiest because it is using exactly
the same words as the original
text.
It is a word-for-word copying of
the article, usually in quotation r
block quotation.

22. VERBATI
Mmeans putting the copied text in
quotation marks. When you want
to capture a passage of more
than four or five sentences, make
sure that you put it in block
quotation.

23. VERBATI
Mmake sure that you
acknowledge the author of
the article you are copying
when using verbatim as a
technique.

24. VERBATI
MVerbatim, as a technique,
however, should be used
sparingly. This means that
verbatim should only be used
when you want to capture the
exact idea expressed by the
author for impact purposes.