This document summarizes several factors that influence individual differences in second language acquisition: language aptitude, motivation, and learning strategies. It describes John Carroll's theory of language aptitude consisting of phonemic coding ability, grammatical sensitivity, inductive language learning ability, and rote learning ability. It defines instrumental, integrative, resultative, and intrinsic motivation. It categorizes learning strategies as cognitive, metacognitive, or social/affective and notes that good language learners are very active, aware of their learning process and style, and flexible in using appropriate strategies.

1. Individual
Differences in L2
Acquisition
Group 8:
1. Intan Puspita Anggrainy (10020084076)
2. Indriyatul Munawaroh (14020084056)
3. Lulu’atun Ni’mah (14020085062)

2. Language Aptitude
Language
Aptitude
General
intelligence
Distinct
Possess a
natural ability
for learning
L2
Language Aptitude

3. Language Aptitude
Theory from John Carroll
Components Definition
Phonemic coding ability Ability to identify the sounds.
Grammatical sensitivity Ability to recognize the grammatical functions.
Inductive language learning ability Ability to identify patterns of correspondence and
relations between form and meaning.
Rote learning ability Ability to form and remember associations between
stimuli.

4. Motivation
There are various kinds of motivation
Instrumental motivation.
Integrative motivation.
Resultative motivation.
Intrinsic motivation.

5. Motivation
Instrumental motivation
Examples
Getting a better job. Getting a place at university.
Functional Reason.

6. Motivation
Integrative motivation
Because they are
interested in the people and
culture represented by the
target language group
an important aspect of which
is using the target language
for social interaction
e.g. students to
want to become
part of a speech
community
Resultative motivation
is concerned with the
relationship between
motivation and
achievement
Students who
perform well in
classrooms are
more likely to gain
confidence and to
be more willing to
participate

7. Motivation
Intrinsic Motivation
Example
Activities can generate such feelings when they give people a sense of meaning
(like participating in volunteer or church events)
These rewards involve creating positive emotions within the individual.
"Intrinsic motivation occurs when we act without any obvious external rewards. We
simply enjoy an activity or see it as an opportunity to explore, learn, and actualize our
potentials."
(Coon & Mitterer, 2010)

8. Learning Strategies
Learning Strategies
(approaches or techniques
for learning L2)
Behavioral Mental

9. Type of Learning Strategies
Learning Strategies
• analysis, synthesis, or transformation
of learning materials.Cognitive
• planing, monitoring, and evaluating
learningMetecognitive
• the ways learners choose to interact
with other speakerSocial/Affective

10. Which strategies are important?
Learning Strategies
Investigate how “good
language learners”
learn
• Very active
• Showing awareness in
learning process and learning
style
• Flexible and appropriate

11. Thank You!
Any questions?