Soft palate,tongue ,floor of the mouth swt/endodontic courses

INDIAN DENTAL ACADEMYINDIAN DENTAL ACADEMY
Leader in continuing Dental EducationLeader in continuing Dental Education
ANATOMY OFANATOMY OF
TONGUE,SOFTTONGUE,SOFT
PALATE AND FLOORPALATE AND FLOOR
OF THE MOUTHOF THE MOUTH
www.indiandentalacademy.comwww.indiandentalacademy.com

CONTENTSCONTENTS
 TONGUE SOFT PALATE FLOOR OF THE MOUTH.TONGUE SOFT PALATE FLOOR OF THE MOUTH.
DEVELOPMENT DEVELOPMENT HISTOLOGYDEVELOPMENT DEVELOPMENT HISTOLOGY
HISTOLOGY MORPHOLOGY MUSCLESHISTOLOGY MORPHOLOGY MUSCLES
MUSCLES MUSCLES SALIVARY GLANDSMUSCLES MUSCLES SALIVARY GLANDS
BLOODSUPPLY BLOOD SUPPLY NERVE SUPPLYBLOODSUPPLY BLOOD SUPPLY NERVE SUPPLY
NERVE SUPPLY NERVE SUPPLY PROTHODONTICNERVE SUPPLY NERVE SUPPLY PROTHODONTIC
LYMPHATIC MOVEMENTS CONSIDERATIONS.LYMPHATIC MOVEMENTS CONSIDERATIONS.
APPLIED ANATOMY HISTOLOGYAPPLIED ANATOMY HISTOLOGY
PROSTHODONTIC APPLIED ANATOMYPROSTHODONTIC APPLIED ANATOMY
CONSIDERATIONS. PROSTHODONTICCONSIDERATIONS. PROSTHODONTIC
CONSIDERATIONSCONSIDERATIONS

TONGUETONGUE
 MUSCULAR ORGAN.MUSCULAR ORGAN.
 FLOOR OF MOUTH.FLOOR OF MOUTH.
 FUNCTIONS:FUNCTIONS:

DEVELOPMENT OF TONGUEDEVELOPMENT OF TONGUE
 44thth
weekweek  Mandibular archMandibular arch
 Lingual swellingsLingual swellings
 Tuberculum imparTuberculum impar
 Thyroglossal ductThyroglossal duct
 Foramen caecumForamen caecum
 Hypobranchial eminenceHypobranchial eminence
Cranial part Caudal part

 Anterior two-thirdAnterior two-third
formed fromformed from
mandibular arch.mandibular arch.
 Posterior one- thirdPosterior one- third
from the cranial part offrom the cranial part of
hypobranchialhypobranchial
eminence.eminence.
 Posterior most fromPosterior most from
fourth archfourth arch

Anterior two third
Posterior one third
Posterior
most
Nerve supply:

 Musculature of tongue-occipital myotomes.Musculature of tongue-occipital myotomes.
 Epithelium:single layer stratifiedEpithelium:single layer stratified
squamous with papillae and taste buds .squamous with papillae and taste buds .
 Connective tissue from the local mesenchyme.Connective tissue from the local mesenchyme.

EXTERNAL FEATURESEXTERNAL FEATURES
BODY
ROOT
TIP
INFERIOR
SURFACE
DORSUM

DORSUMDORSUM
ORAL PART
PHARYNGEAL
PART
SULCUS
TERMINALIS

ORAL OR PAPILLARY PARTORAL OR PAPILLARY PART
PALATOGLOSSAL
ARCHES
SULCUS
TERMINALIS
FORAMEN CAECUM
papillae
Median furrow
FOLIATE PAPILLAE

INFERIOR SURFACEINFERIOR SURFACE

PHARYNGEAL(LYMPHOIDPHARYNGEAL(LYMPHOID
PART) PARTPART) PART
 Devoid of papillae.Devoid of papillae.
 Mucous glandsMucous glands
 Lymphoid folliclesLymphoid follicles
 Lingual tonsil.Lingual tonsil.
 Connected with theConnected with the
epiglottis by three foldsepiglottis by three folds
((glossoepiglotticglossoepiglottic) of) of
mucous membranemucous membrane

PAPILLAE OF TONGUEPAPILLAE OF TONGUE
 Projections on the mucous membraneProjections on the mucous membrane
consisting of lining epithelium and a core ofconsisting of lining epithelium and a core of
connective tissue.connective tissue.
 Vallate papillae.Vallate papillae.
 Fungiform papillaeFungiform papillae
 Filiform papillae.Filiform papillae.

Vallate PapillaeVallate Papillae
 CircumvallateCircumvallate
 largest papillalargest papilla
Average of 7 to 12Average of 7 to 12
 In front of sulcusIn front of sulcus
terminalis.terminalis.
 Cylindrical projection,Cylindrical projection,
surrounded by circularsurrounded by circular
sulcus.sulcus.
 Taste buds present onTaste buds present on
the wall of the sulcus.the wall of the sulcus.

FUNGIFORM PAPILLAEFUNGIFORM PAPILLAE
NEAR TIP AND
MARGINS
THEY CONSISTS A NARROW
PEDICEL AND A LARGE ROUNDED
HEAD
DISTINGUISHED BY THEIR BRIGHT RED
COLOUR.

FILIFORM PAPILLAEFILIFORM PAPILLAE
 Cover the anterior two-Cover the anterior two-
thirds of the dorsum.thirds of the dorsum.
 Give velvettyGive velvetty
appearance.appearance.
 Most numerousMost numerous
 DevoidDevoid of taste budsof taste buds
 Epithelium keratinizedEpithelium keratinized

PAPILLAE SIMPLEXPAPILLAE SIMPLEX
 Projections of subjacent connective tissue in toProjections of subjacent connective tissue in to
epithelium.epithelium.

STRUCTURES OF THE TONGUESTRUCTURES OF THE TONGUE
 MUCOUS MEMBRANEMUCOUS MEMBRANE
 MUSCLESMUSCLES
 GLANDSGLANDS
 TASTE BUDSTASTE BUDS

MUCOUS MEMBRANE:MUCOUS MEMBRANE:
 Stratified squamous epithelium.Stratified squamous epithelium.
 Connective tissue.Connective tissue.
 Specialiazed mucosa.Specialiazed mucosa.
 Dorsal surface.Dorsal surface.
 Inferior surfaceInferior surface
Oral part
Papillary part

nerves
Blood vessels
glands
muscle
papillae
Stratified squamous
epithelium and lamina
propria

Skeltal muscle
Mucous acini
Excretory duct
Diffuse lymphoid tissue
Lamina propria-
thickened
Blood vessels
Mucosal ridges

Muscles of tongueMuscles of tongue
median fibrous septummedian fibrous septum..
Intrinsic muscles includeIntrinsic muscles include
 Superior longitudinalSuperior longitudinal
 Inferior longitudinalInferior longitudinal
 Transverse andTransverse and
 VerticalVertical
Extrinsic muscles includeExtrinsic muscles include
 GenioglossusGenioglossus
 HyoglossusHyoglossus
 StyloglossusStyloglossus
 PalatoglossusPalatoglossus
Right and left halves

Intrinsic muscles:Intrinsic muscles:
 Alter the shape of the tongue.Alter the shape of the tongue.
 Occupy upper part of tongue.Occupy upper part of tongue.
 Attached to sub mucous fibrous layer andAttached to sub mucous fibrous layer and
median fibrous septum.median fibrous septum.

SUPERIOR LONGITUDINAL MUSCLESUPERIOR LONGITUDINAL MUSCLE
LIES BENEATH THE MUCOUS
MEMBRANE
Origin
Arises from the
sub mucous
fibrous layer close
to the epiglottis
and from the
median fibrous
septum.
Insertion-
Mucous
membrane
Edges of
the tongue
ACTION:SHORTENS THE TONGUE AND MAKES DORSUM CONCAVE.

INFERIOR LONGITUDINAL MUSCLEINFERIOR LONGITUDINAL MUSCLE
INFERIOR
LONGITUDINAL MUSCLE.
(BETWEEN
GENIOGLOSSSUS AND
HYOGLOSSUS)
GENIOGLOSSUS
HYOGLOSSUS
ACTION :SHORTENS THE TONGUE AND MAKES DORSUM CONVEX.www.indiandentalacademy.comwww.indiandentalacademy.com

TRANVERSE AND VERTICAL MUSCLETRANVERSE AND VERTICAL MUSCLE

EXTRINSIC MUSCLESEXTRINSIC MUSCLES

GENIOGLOSSUSGENIOGLOSSUS
UPPER FIBRES
MIDDLE
FIBRES
LOWER FIBRES
ORIGIN
RETRACT THE TIP
DEPRESS THE
TONGUE
PULL THE
TONGUE
FORWARDS
AND THUS
PROTRUDE
THE TONGUE

STYLOGLOSSUSSTYLOGLOSSUS
STYLOGLOSSUS
ORIGIN
INSERTION
hyoglossus
ACTION:PULLS THE
TONGUE UPWARD
AND BACK WARD
DURING
SWALLOWING
NERVE SUPPLY:HYPOGLOSSAL NERVE

HYOGLOSSUSHYOGLOSSUS
 THIN,QUADRILATERALTHIN,QUADRILATERAL
ORIGIN
INSERTION
STYLOGLOSSUS
ACTION:
DEPRESSES
THE TONGUE
AND HELPS
IN
RETRACTING
THE
PROTRUDED
TONGUE

PALATOGLOSSUSPALATOGLOSSUS
PALATOGLOSSUS
MUSCLE
PALATOGL
OSSAL
ARCH
INSERTION
ACTION:PULLS UP THE ROOT OF TONGUE,APPROXIMATES THE PALATOGLOSSAL
ARCHES AND THUS CLOSES THE OROPHARYNGEAL ISTHMUS

GLANDSGLANDS
 Mucous glands in the pharyngeal part,in relation toMucous glands in the pharyngeal part,in relation to
the masses of lymphoid tissue.Open into recess ofthe masses of lymphoid tissue.Open into recess of
mucosa that dip into masses of lymphoid tissue.mucosa that dip into masses of lymphoid tissue.
 Serous glands-in relation to circumvallate papillaeSerous glands-in relation to circumvallate papillae
and open in to furrow surrounding papillae and theand open in to furrow surrounding papillae and the
vicinity of other tastebuds-von ebner’s glands.vicinity of other tastebuds-von ebner’s glands.
 Secretions-act as taste inducing substance.Secretions-act as taste inducing substance.
 Largest glands on the ventral aspect of the apex andLargest glands on the ventral aspect of the apex and
contain both mucous and serous acini and are referredcontain both mucous and serous acini and are referred
to as anterior lingual glands.to as anterior lingual glands.

TASTE BUDSTASTE BUDS

 Sweet (at the tip) - fungi formSweet (at the tip) - fungi form
papillaepapillae
 Salt (antero lateral border) –Salt (antero lateral border) –
fungi form papillaefungi form papillae
 Bitter (posterior part in theBitter (posterior part in the
middle) – CV papillaemiddle) – CV papillae
 Sour (posterior part in theSour (posterior part in the
lateral areas) – Folliatelateral areas) – Folliate
papillae.papillae.
 Special type of receptor whoseSpecial type of receptor whose
function is to detect the taste offunction is to detect the taste of
water has been identified in thewater has been identified in the
region of CV papillae.region of CV papillae.
TASTE SENSATIONTASTE SENSATION

ARTERIAL SUPPLY
Lingual artery

VENOUS DRIANAGEVENOUS DRIANAGE
genioglossus
Deep lingual
vein
Hypoglossal
nerve
Hyoglossus
muscle

LYMPHATIC DRAINAGELYMPHATIC DRAINAGE

NERVE SUPPLY
Cranial part of
accessory nerve

GUSTATORY PATH WAYGUSTATORY PATH WAY
First order nuclei
Second order
Third order neuron-
thalamus
Taste centre-parietal
cortex

APPLIED ANATOMYAPPLIED ANATOMY
1.1. ParalysisParalysis
2.2. GlossitisGlossitis
3.3. CarcinomaCarcinoma
4.4. In unconsciousIn unconscious
patients tongue fallspatients tongue falls
backback
5.5. JaundiceJaundice
1.1. AnkylogossiaAnkylogossia
2.2. MacroglossiaMacroglossia
3.3. Black hairy tongueBlack hairy tongue
4.4. VaricositiesVaricosities
5.5. Fissured tongueFissured tongue

PROSTHODONTIC CONSIDERATIONSPROSTHODONTIC CONSIDERATIONS
 Size and activity play an important role.Size and activity play an important role.
 Large tongue.Large tongue.
 Small tongue.Small tongue.
 Proper tongue movements important for boderProper tongue movements important for boder
molding,and helps in denture retention duringmolding,and helps in denture retention during
normal physiologic activity.normal physiologic activity.
 Guide in evaluating the occlusal plane at theGuide in evaluating the occlusal plane at the
time of try-in.time of try-in.

 Position of tongue plays an important role inPosition of tongue plays an important role in
stability-training the tongue aids in stabilizingstability-training the tongue aids in stabilizing
the dentures in case of a retracted tongue.the dentures in case of a retracted tongue.
 Denture flanges properly contoured to allowDenture flanges properly contoured to allow
the tongue its normal range of functionalthe tongue its normal range of functional
movement.movement.

 Tongue biting in denture wearers-Tongue biting in denture wearers-
due to lack of horizontal overlap of teeth,due to lack of horizontal overlap of teeth,
decreased vertical dimension.decreased vertical dimension.
 Air flow andAir flow and soundsound emanating from larynxemanating from larynx
are modulated through specific sites ofare modulated through specific sites of
contact of tongue with palate,dentition-socontact of tongue with palate,dentition-so
acts as a primary articulatoracts as a primary articulator

 Enlarged tongue:in a edentulous patientEnlarged tongue:in a edentulous patient

WRIGHT’S CLASSIFICATION OF TONGUEWRIGHT’S CLASSIFICATION OF TONGUE
POSITIONPOSITION
 Class I-Class I-
normal (favorable))
tongue lies in floor of
mouth tip forward and
slightly below incisal
edge of lower incisors

 Class II-Class II-
Tongue flat and
broad ,but tip in
normal position

 Class III-Class III-
Tongue retracted
and depressed in
floor of mouth with
tip curled upward
or downward or
assimilated into
body of tongue

HOUSE CLASSIFICATION OF TONGUE SIZESHOUSE CLASSIFICATION OF TONGUE SIZES
Class IClass I
Normal in size, development
and function with enough
teeth present to maintain
the form
Calss II-Calss II-
Teeth absent long enough to
permit change in from and
function of tongue

 Class III –Class III –
 Excessively large
tongue, all teeth absent
for an extended period
of time allowing for
abnormal development
of tongue.
 Insufficient denture
can also lead to class 3
tongue

DEVELOPMENT OF PALATEDEVELOPMENT OF PALATE
 PREMAXILLA ORPREMAXILLA OR
PRIMARY PALATE.PRIMARY PALATE.
 SECONDARY ORSECONDARY OR
DEFINITIVE PALATE.DEFINITIVE PALATE.

6TH
WEEK

7TH
WEEK

 MESODERM INMESODERM IN
PALATEPALATE
UNDERGOESUNDERGOES
INTRAMEMBRANOUINTRAMEMBRANOU
S OSSIFICATION TOS OSSIFICATION TO
FORM THE HARDFORM THE HARD
PALATE.PALATE.
 Ossification does notOssification does not
extend to the posteriorextend to the posterior
portion which remainsportion which remains
as soft palate.as soft palate.

 CLEFT PALATE: Due to defective fusion ofCLEFT PALATE: Due to defective fusion of
various components of the palate.various components of the palate.

 It is a movable muscularIt is a movable muscular
fold suspended from thefold suspended from the
posterior border of theposterior border of the
hard palate.hard palate.
 It seperatesIt seperates
nasopharynx fromnasopharynx from
oropharynx.oropharynx.

It has two surfaces:It has two surfaces:
1.anterior or oral surface1.anterior or oral surface
2.posterior surface.2.posterior surface.
Two borders:Two borders:
1.superior border1.superior border
2.inferior border.2.inferior border.

uvulauvula
Palatoglossal arch.Palatoglossal arch.
Palatopharyngeal arch .Palatopharyngeal arch .

 STRUCTURE:fold of mucous membraneSTRUCTURE:fold of mucous membrane
 TheThe palatine aponuerosispalatine aponuerosis which is flattened tendonwhich is flattened tendon
of the tensor palati forms the fibrous basis of theof the tensor palati forms the fibrous basis of the
palate. Near the median plane it splits to enclosepalate. Near the median plane it splits to enclose
the musculus uvulae .the musculus uvulae .
 Levator palati & palatopharyngeus lie on theLevator palati & palatopharyngeus lie on the
superior surface & palatoglossus on the inferiorsuperior surface & palatoglossus on the inferior
surface of the aponuerosis.surface of the aponuerosis.

MUSCLES OF SOFT PALATEMUSCLES OF SOFT PALATE
They areThey are
 Tensor palati .Tensor palati .
(Tensor veli paltini)(Tensor veli paltini)
 Levator palati .Levator palati .
(Levator vili paliti )(Levator vili paliti )
 Musculus uvulae .Musculus uvulae .
 Palatoglossus.Palatoglossus.

PalatopharyngeusPalatopharyngeus ..

TENSOR VELI PALATINITENSOR VELI PALATINI
ActionsActions
 Alone-pulls softAlone-pulls soft
palate to one sidepalate to one side
 With fellow-tightensWith fellow-tightens
soft palate chiefly thesoft palate chiefly the
anterior partanterior part
 Opens auditory tubeOpens auditory tube
to equalize airto equalize air
pressure between thepressure between the
middle ear & the nosemiddle ear & the nose
ORIGIN
INSERTION
NERVE SUPPLY:MANDIBULAR
NERVE.

LEVATOR VELI PALATINILEVATOR VELI PALATINI
ORIGIN:PETROUS PART OF
TEMPORAL BONE ANDCRTILAGE
OF EUSTACHIAN TUBE
INSERTION:PALATINE
APONEUROSIS
ACTION:ELEVATES THE SOFT
PALATE AND CLOSES THE
PHARYNGEAL ISTHMUS.
OPENS AUDITORY TUBE.

MUSCULUS UVULAEMUSCULUS UVULAE
 ORIGINORIGIN
 INSERTIONINSERTION
 ACTIONACTION

PALATOPHARYNGEUS:PALATOPHARYNGEUS:
 2 fasiculi2 fasiculi
 Inserted :posteriorInserted :posterior
border of the lamina ofborder of the lamina of
the thyroid gland andthe thyroid gland and
wall of pharynx at itswall of pharynx at its
median raphe.median raphe.
 Pulls up the wall ofPulls up the wall of
pharynx and shortenspharynx and shortens
during swallowing.during swallowing.
anterior
posterior

Passavants RidgePassavants Ridge
 Few fibres of Palatopharyngeus pass circularlyFew fibres of Palatopharyngeus pass circularly
deep to mucous membrane of pharynx and form adeep to mucous membrane of pharynx and form a
sphincter internal to superior constrictor.sphincter internal to superior constrictor.
 The passavant’s muscle on contraction raises theThe passavant’s muscle on contraction raises the
ridge on posterior wall of pharynx.ridge on posterior wall of pharynx.
 Soft palate when elevated comes in contact withSoft palate when elevated comes in contact with
this ridge and closes the pharyngeal isthmus.this ridge and closes the pharyngeal isthmus.

BLOOD SUPPLYBLOOD SUPPLY
 Greater palatine arteriesGreater palatine arteries
branch of maxillarybranch of maxillary
artery;artery;
 Ascending palatineAscending palatine
branch of facial artery;branch of facial artery;
 Palatine branch ofPalatine branch of
ascending pharyngealascending pharyngeal
arteryartery
.

VIENSVIENS
 They passThey pass to the pterygoid & tonsillar plexus of theto the pterygoid & tonsillar plexus of the
veinsveins
LYMPHATICSLYMPHATICS
 drain into the upper deep cervical & retropharyngealdrain into the upper deep cervical & retropharyngeal
lymph nodes.lymph nodes.

Nerve supplyNerve supply
 Motor nerves:pharyngeal plexus-fibresMotor nerves:pharyngeal plexus-fibres
derived from cranial part of the accessoryderived from cranial part of the accessory
nerve.nerve.
Tensor palati:mandibular nerve.Tensor palati:mandibular nerve.
 General sensory:middle and lesser palatineGeneral sensory:middle and lesser palatine
branches of maxillary nervebranches of maxillary nerve
glossopharyngeal nerve.glossopharyngeal nerve.

 SpecialSpecial
sensory(gustatory):lessesensory(gustatory):lesse
r palatine nerves.r palatine nerves.
 Secretomotor:lesserSecretomotor:lesser
palatine nerves.palatine nerves.

Movements And FunctionsMovements And Functions
 Controls pharyngeal and oropharyngeal isthmusControls pharyngeal and oropharyngeal isthmus
( can close them completely or partially)( can close them completely or partially)
 Plays important role inPlays important role in
 SwallowingSwallowing
 ChewingChewing
 Quality of voiceQuality of voice
 SneezingSneezing
 CoughingCoughing

HISTOLOGY OF SOFT PALATEHISTOLOGY OF SOFT PALATE
 Inferior surface:covered by nonkeratinisedInferior surface:covered by nonkeratinised
Stratified squamous epithelium.Stratified squamous epithelium.
 Superior surface:continuation of epitheliumSuperior surface:continuation of epithelium
from hard palate,instead of bone ,twofrom hard palate,instead of bone ,two
coordinated sheets of muscles present –thecoordinated sheets of muscles present –the
levator palati and tensor palati whichlevator palati and tensor palati which
contributes for the myocytes to form thecontributes for the myocytes to form the
musculus uvulae.musculus uvulae.

 Superior surface –nasopharynx surfaceSuperior surface –nasopharynx surface
covered by pseudostratified ciliated columnarcovered by pseudostratified ciliated columnar
epithelium.epithelium.
 Supporting the epithelium ,connective tissue inSupporting the epithelium ,connective tissue in
3 layers3 layers
stratum elasticumstratum elasticum
tela submucosa,tela submucosa,
lamina tendino muscularislamina tendino muscularis

Inferior surface-epithelium
Lamina propria
Mucous glands
muscles

Applied AnatomyApplied Anatomy
 Paralysis (V nerve lesion).Paralysis (V nerve lesion).
Nasal regurgitation of liquids.Nasal regurgitation of liquids.
Nasal twang in voice.Nasal twang in voice.
Flattening pf palatal arch.Flattening pf palatal arch.
 Cleft palate & cleft soft palateCleft palate & cleft soft palate

 Cleft palate
 Severe with hare lip.
 When least severe
confined to soft palate.

PROSTHETICPROSTHETIC
CONSIDERATIONSCONSIDERATIONS
 The anatomy of soft palate determines the location ofThe anatomy of soft palate determines the location of
the distal border of maxillary denture base andthe distal border of maxillary denture base and
posterior palatal seal.posterior palatal seal.
 The posterior extension of maxillary denture base liesThe posterior extension of maxillary denture base lies
in soft palate i.e. the palatine aponeurosis andin soft palate i.e. the palatine aponeurosis and
overlying mucosa.overlying mucosa.
 Palatine muscles and contour of soft palate determinePalatine muscles and contour of soft palate determine
the extent and contour of posterior palatal seal.the extent and contour of posterior palatal seal.www.indiandentalacademy.comwww.indiandentalacademy.com

 The slender tendon of tensor palatini could influence the
denture contour when taut in hammular notch area
 Vibrating line is determined by elevation of soft palate
during contraction of Levator palatini
 When the 2 palatoglossi contract they draw tongue and
soft palate together and close the isthmus of fauces and
bring lateral pressure to the lingual extension of
mandibular denture base

 The seal should follow the contour of palatine
bones and extend from hammular notch to
hammular notch.
 In a resorbed ridge it is more difficult to
determine the soft palate configuration.
 V shaped palate-class III soft palate.
 classIII soft palate should have thicker
posterior border compared to classI or II.

 OBTURATOR:AOBTURATOR:A
PROSTHE SIS USEDPROSTHE SIS USED
TO CLOSE ATO CLOSE A
CONGENITAL ORCONGENITAL OR
AQCUIRED TISSUEAQCUIRED TISSUE
OPENING OFOPENING OF
PALATE .PALATE .

 SPEECH AID PROSTHESIS:prosthesis thatSPEECH AID PROSTHESIS:prosthesis that
are functionally shaped to the velopharyngealare functionally shaped to the velopharyngeal
musculature to restore the areas of soft palatemusculature to restore the areas of soft palate
that are defficient.that are defficient.

Classification Of Soft PalateClassification Of Soft Palate
Class IClass I
 Soft palate is horizontal
as it extends posteriorly
with minimal muscular
activity
 Considerable amount of
separation between the
anterior and posterior
vibrating line
 Will give a wide posterior
palatal seal which is not
deep

Class IIClass II
 Soft palate make a 45
degree angle with hard
palate
 Tissue coverage is less
for posterior palatal
seal than class I

Class IIIClass III
 Most acute contour
about 70 degrees
 Requires marked
elevation of
musculature to create
the velopharyngeal
closure
 Seen with V shaped
palatal vault

FLOOR OF THE MOUTHFLOOR OF THE MOUTH
Structures in the floor of the mouthStructures in the floor of the mouth
 Mylohyoid muscle
 Geniohyoid muscle
 Sublingual salivary gland
 Submandibular duct

HISTOLOGYHISTOLOGY
EPITHELIUM-VERY THIN NON
KERATINIZED STRATIFIED
SQUAMOUS EPITHELIUM.
LAMINA PROPRIA WITH
SHORT PAPILLAE.
LOOSE FIBROUS CONNECTIVE
TISSUE CONTAINING FAT AND
MINOR SALIVARY GLANDS.

MYLOHYOID AND GENIOHYOIDMYLOHYOID AND GENIOHYOID
MYLOHYOID
GENIOHYOID
ORIGIN;INSERTION;NERVESUPPLY;ACTION.

SUBLINGUAL AND DEEP PART OFSUBLINGUAL AND DEEP PART OF
SUBMANDIBULAR GLANDSUBMANDIBULAR GLAND

OPENINGS OF
SUBLINGUAL GLAND

NERVE SUPPLYNERVE SUPPLY
 PARASYMPATHETICPARASYMPATHETIC
((SUBMANDIBULAR GANGLIONSUBMANDIBULAR GANGLION))
(SECRETOMOTOR)(SECRETOMOTOR)
PREGANGLIONIC FIBRES FROMPREGANGLIONIC FIBRES FROM
SUPERIOR SALIVATORY NUCLEUS)SUPERIOR SALIVATORY NUCLEUS)
CHORDATYMPANI,LINGUAL
NERVE
SUBMANDIBULAR GANGLION
POST GANGLIONIC FIBRES TO
GLANDS
SYMPATHETIC: PLEXUS AROUND FACIAL
ARTERY.
SENSORY:LINGUAL NERVE

SUBMANDIBULAR DUCT(WHARTON’SSUBMANDIBULAR DUCT(WHARTON’S
DUCT)DUCT)

PROSTHETIC CONSIDERATIONSPROSTHETIC CONSIDERATIONS
 Mylohyoid muscle: the lingual flange mustMylohyoid muscle: the lingual flange must
be parallel to the mylohyoid when it isbe parallel to the mylohyoid when it is
contracted.contracted.
Excessive bone resorption :SurgicalExcessive bone resorption :Surgical
correction –reattachment done.correction –reattachment done.

 If floor of the mouth isIf floor of the mouth is
near the crest of thenear the crest of the
ridgeridge
 Tissues have to beTissues have to be
selectively placed forselectively placed for
good prognosis.good prognosis.

 The posterior part ofThe posterior part of
mylohyoid) in molarmylohyoid) in molar
region affects theregion affects the
lingual impressionlingual impression
borderborder


 When floor of theWhen floor of the
mouth is raised themouth is raised the
sublingual glandsublingual gland
comes close to thecomes close to the
crest of the ridge andcrest of the ridge and
reduces the verticalreduces the vertical
space available forspace available for
extension of theextension of the
flange in anteriorflange in anterior
part of the mouthpart of the mouth

RETROMYLOHYOID FOSSA(LATERALRETROMYLOHYOID FOSSA(LATERAL
THROAT FORM)THROAT FORM)
 NEIL’S LATERAL THROAT FORMNEIL’S LATERAL THROAT FORM
Class IClass I
Large (extends well
towards tissues)

Class IIClass II:
Between I and III
Class III:Class III:
Small and unfavorable

CONCLUSIONCONCLUSION
 Before construction of the complete dentureBefore construction of the complete denture
prostheses is begun, the oral tissues & the oralprostheses is begun, the oral tissues & the oral
environment should be assessed to ascertainenvironment should be assessed to ascertain
that the denture-bearing tissues will accept thethat the denture-bearing tissues will accept the
prosthesis& support it in comfort.prosthesis& support it in comfort.
 This will ensure a more retentive prosthesisThis will ensure a more retentive prosthesis
for the patient ,whose satisfaction is thefor the patient ,whose satisfaction is the
dentists main concern if the anatomy &dentists main concern if the anatomy &
physiology of the area is understood.physiology of the area is understood.

REFERENCES:REFERENCES:
 Prosthodontic Traetment for Edentulous PatientsProsthodontic Traetment for Edentulous Patients
Boucher’s ; 12th edition.Boucher’s ; 12th edition.
 Essentials of Complete Denture ; Seldon WinklerEssentials of Complete Denture ; Seldon Winkler
2nd edition.2nd edition.
 syllabus of complete denture:charles.m.heartwell:4th edition.syllabus of complete denture:charles.m.heartwell:4th edition.
 Human Anatomy regional and applied ;B. D.Chaurasia.:3rd editionHuman Anatomy regional and applied ;B. D.Chaurasia.:3rd edition
 Human Embryology ; Inderbir Singh:sixth edition.Human Embryology ; Inderbir Singh:sixth edition.
 Oral histology:a.r.tencate:third edition.Oral histology:a.r.tencate:third edition.
 His tology and human microanatomy:6His tology and human microanatomy:6thth
edition:Peter.s.amentia.edition:Peter.s.amentia.
 Text book of human histology:Inderbersingh.Text book of human histology:Inderbersingh.
 DI FIORE’S Atlas of histology:8DI FIORE’S Atlas of histology:8thth
edition:victor p.eroschenko.edition:victor p.eroschenko.

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