Causes and impacts of climate change

D;k gS /kjRkh dh riu
Department of Development Communication & Extension
Institute of Home Economics, University of Delhi
IHE
Institute of Home Economics
University of Delhi
Supported by UGC

uksV% ¼Ykky jax ls vafdr ys[ku] lgHkkfx;ksa ds Lrj ds vuqlkj bLrseky fd;k tk ldrk gSA½
D;k vki tkurs gaS] /kjrh dh riu D;k gksrh gS /kjrh ds vkSlr rkieku esa c<+ksrjh dks /kjrh dh riu
dgrs gSaA
;g rkieku dsoy ,d ;k nks lky esa ugha c<+kA cfYd fiNys djhc lkS lkyksa ls c<+ jgk gSA
vkus okys o"kksZa esa /kjrh dh riu vkSj Hkh c<+us dh laHkkouk gSA
D;k gS /kjRkh dh riu
1.
References:
2010-2012
Project No. : F.37-209/2009 (SR)
Principal Investigator
Co- Principal Investigator
Research Fellow
: Dr. Savita Aggarwal
: Dr. Geeta Punhani
: Ms. Jagriti Kher
IPCC, 2007, Fourth Assessment Report: IPCC, 2008, Technical paper VI, Climate Change and Water
India's Initial National Communication to the UNFCCC, 2004; India Second National
Communication to the UNFCCC, 2012
k
k
Climate change & women: Communication strategies for enhancing
adaptive capacity of urban poor women to climate changeIHE

2.
c<+ jgk gS /kjrh dk rkieku!
ftl rjg gekjs ‘kjhj dk rkieku c<+us ls ge chekj gks tkrs gS] /kjrh dk Hkh ogh gky gSA
bl riu ls /kjrh dh vkSj /kjrh ij jgus okys thotUrqvksa dh ijs’kkfu;ka c<+ jgh gSaA
vki tkuuk pkgrs gksaxs fd ,slk D;ksa gks jgk gS /kjrh dh riu c<us ds nks dkj.k gS] igyk
rks çkd`frd] tks fd vius vki gks jgk gS vkSj nwljk ekuoh; ;kfu fd tks ge balku dj jgs gSaA

adaptive capacity of urban poor women to climate change
IHE

3.
çkd`frd dkj.k
çkd`frd dkj.kksa esa Tokykeq[kh dk QVuk] leqæksa esa ikuh dk cgko vkSj i`Foh dk viuh
/kqjh ij >qdko vkfn gSaA ;g rks çkd`frd dkj.k gS vkSj budks jksdus ds fy, ge dqN ugha
dj ldrsA vc loky mBrk gS fd ekuoh; dkj.k D;k gS rks vkbZ;s vc buds ckjs esa vkSj
tkurs gSA
adaptive capacity of urban poor women to climate change
IHE

ekuoh; dkj.kksa esa dks;ys dk tyuk] vf/kd fctyh dh [kir] rst+h ls c<+rs isVªksy vkSj Mht+y ls pyus okys okgu] ouks
dh rst+h ls dVkbZ] “kgjhdj.k ,oa vkS|ksxhdj.k gSaA vkb, bu lc dkj.kksa ij foLrkj ls ppkZ djrs gSaA /kjrh dh riu
c<+kus okyh xSlksa dks xzhu gkml xSls dgrs gSaA tSls fd dkjcu&MkbZ vkWDlkbM] ehFksu] ukbVªl&vkWDlkbM vkfnA
ekuoh; dkj.kksa ls ;g xzhu gkml xSl fudyrh gSaA ij D;k ;g xSlas bruh [kjkc gSa? ughaA bu xSlksa dk dqN ek=k esa
gekjs okrkoj.k esa gksuk t+:jh gksrk gSA ;g xSlas /kjrh ds pkjksa rjQ dacy dk dke djrh gaS vkSj gesa xehZ nsrh gSaA vxj
;g xSlsa u gksrh rks /kjrh bruh lnZ gksrh fd ge ;gk¡ jg ugha ikrsA ijarq tc bu xSlksa dh ek=k c<+ tkrh gS vkSj ;g
dacy eksVk gks tkrk gS A rc ;g lw;Z dh ÅtkZ dks T;knk lks[k ysrk gS vkSj /kjrh dk rkieku c<+us yxrk gSA
/kjrh dk vkSlr rkieku 14ºC gS] fiNys 100 o"kksZa esa /kjrh dk rkieku 0.74ºC c<+ pqdk gS] vuqeku yxk;k tk jgk gS
fd vkus okys 100 o"kksZa esa rkieku 1.1ºCls 6.4ºC rd c<+ tk;sxkA
ekuOkh; dkj.k4.

fctyh dk vf/kd ç;ksx
vQlksl! vkt dk ekuo fctyh cgqr vf/kd ek=k esa bLrseky dj jgk gSA gekjs ?kjksa esa rjg&rjg ds
midj.k bLrseky gksrs gSa tks fctyh dh [kir c<+krs gSaA tSls fd çSl] cYc] dwyj] Vsyhfotu] fÝt] ,-lh]
xht+j] bR;kfnA T+;knkrj fctyh dks;yk tyk dj curh gS] ftlls /kjrh dh riu c<+kus okyh xSlas mRiUu
gksrh gaSA mlds bykok dks;yk] jsyxkfM+;ksa esa] QSfDVª;ksa esa vkSj vaxhBh ij [kkuk cukus ds fy, Hkh bLrseky
gksrk gSA dks;ys dks tykus ls /kjrh fd riu c<+rh gSA
yxHkx 60 çfr'kr fctyh] dks;yk tykus ls mRiUu gksrh gSA D;k vki tkurs gSa] fd bl çfØ;k ls yxHkx 40
çfr’kr xzhu gkml xSlsa mRiUu gksrh gSaA
5.

c<+rk kgjhdj.k vkSj vkS|ksxhdj.k’k

c<+rk ‘kgjhdj.k vkSj vkS|ksxhdj.k
‘kgjksa esa vkcknh cgqr rst+h ls c<+ jgh gSA ;g vuqeku yxk;k x;k gS fd 2025 rd ns’k dh 50 çfr’kr vkcknh
‘kgjksa esa jgus yxsxhA tSls&tSls] vkcknh c<+rh gS oSls gh ml c<+rh gqbZ vkcknh dh t+:jrksa dks iwjk djus ds
fy, T+;knk QSfDVª;ka yxkuh iM+rh gSa tks fd Hkkjh ek=k esa dks;yk vkSj vU; bZa/ku bLrseky djrh gSaA blds
vykok dkj[kuksa esa mRiknu dh çfØ;k ls Hkh xzhu gkml xSlsa mRiUu gksrh gSaA
c<+rh tula[;k vkSj ‘kgjhdj.k ds dkj.k gj txg cM+h&cM+h bekjrsa cu jgha gSa ftlls LVhy vkSj lhesaV dh
[kir cgqr c<+ xbZ gSA ftlls fd /kjrh dh riu c<+rh gSA
lhesaV vkSj LVhy cukus dh çfØ;k ls yxHkx 13 çfr’kr xzhu gkml xSlsa mRiUu gksrh gSaA
6.

okguksa dk Ánw"k.k7.
vkcknh c<+us ds lkFk lkFk okguksa dh la[;k rst+h ls c<+ jgh gSA fnu çfrfnu T+;knk ls T+;knk iSVªksy
vkSj Mht+y dh xkfM+;ka lM+d ij vk jgh gSaA buls mRiUu xSlsa /kjrh dh riu dks c<+krh gaSA blds
vykok vf/kd jsyxkfM;k¡] gokbZtgkt+ bR;kfn Hkh /kjrh dh riu c<+krs gaSA
dqy feyk dj ;g lHkh /kjrh dh riu c<+krs gaS vkSj vuqekfur gS fd budk fgLlk 7-5 çfr’kr gSA

i’kqvksa ls
i’kq tSls xk; vkSj HkaSl] Hkh /kjrh dh riu dks c<+krs gSaA [kkuk ipkus fd ÁfØ;k esa ;g xSlsa buds isV esa mRiUu
gksrh gSaA lkal ysrs le; ;k mcdkbZ ysrs le;] ;g xSlsa ckgj okrkoj.k esa vk tkrh gaSA tqxkyh djus okys i’kq
T+;knk xSlsa mRiUu djrs gSa ftuls /kjrh dh riu c<+rh gSA
i’kqvksa ls fdruh xSl fudysxh ;g fujHkj djrk gS fd mUgksaus fdruk pkjk [kk;k gS vkSj muds pkjs fd
xq.koRrk dSlh gSA
8.

—f”k ls c<+rh /kjrh dh riu
‘kk;n vkidks tkudj gSjkuh gksxh fd Ñf”k ls Hkh /kjrh dh riu c<+rh gSA pkoy dh [ksrh djus esa feV~Vh ls xSlsa fudyrh gS] tks fd
/kjrh dh riu c<+krh gSA blds vykok ftruh T+;knk ek=k esa ukbZVªkstu dh [kkn bLrseky gksrh gS mruh gh T+;knk xzhu gkml xSlsa
mRiUu gksrh gSaA vDlj [ksrksa esa lw[ks iRrs vkSj lw[kh Qly tykbZ tkrh gS ftlls xzhu gkml xSlsa mRiUu gksrh gSaA lkFk gh Ñf”k esa
bLrseky gksus okys midj.k Hkh ;g xSlsa mRiUu djrs gSaA
dqy feyk dj Ñf”k o i’kq ikyu ls yxHkx 18 çfr’kr xzhu gkml xSlsa fudyrh gSaA
9.

xSj Áca/ku ls c<+rk dwM+k&djdV

xSj Áca/ku ls c<+rk dwM+k&djdV
c<+rh vkcknh vkSj c<+rh t+:jrksa ds lkFk gh lkFk ,d pht+ vkSj Hkh c<+rh gS] og gS c<+rk dwM+k&djdVA ;g
dwM+k&djdV ?kjksa ds vanj] ckgj o QSDVªh;ksa vkSj dkj[kkuksa esa Hkh gksrk gSA bldks txg&txg bdV~Bk fd;k
tkrk gS vkSj tgka ij ;g dwM+k bdVB~k fd;k tkrk gS] ogk¡ ij fofHkUu çdkj ds dhVk.kq gksrs gSa tSls cSDVhfj;k
vkfnA ;g dhVk.kq tc dwM+s dk fo”ys'k.k djrs gSa rks vf/kd ek=k esa ehFksu xSl fudyrh gS tks fd /kjrh dh
riu dks c<+krh gSA lkFk gh bl dwM+k djdV ls cgqr xanxh vkSj cncw Hkh QSyrh gSA gekjs fnYyh 'kgj esa gh
,sls dbaZ cM+s dwMk bdV~Bk djus dh txg gS] tSls fd xkthiqj] vktkniqj] cokuk vkfnA
10.

isM+ksa dks dkVus ls
isM+ gekjs fy, t+:jh lalk/ku gaS] ij vktdy euq"; viuh t+:jrksa dks iwjk djus ds fy, Hkkjh ek=k esa isM+
dkVrs tk jgk gSA isM+ viuk Hkkstu cukus ds fy, dkcZu Mkb&vkWDlkbM dks vius vanj [khprsa gSa vkSj thou
nk;uh vksDlhtu xSl gesa nsrs gSaA ij tc ge isM+ksa dks dkV nsrs gSa rks ;s dkcZu Mkb&vkWDlkbM okrkoj.k esa gh
?kwerh jgrh gS] vkSj /kjrh dh riu dks c<+krh gSA
11.

riu ds dkj.k
rks vkius ns[kk fd fdu&fdu dkj.kksa ls /kjrh dh riu c<+kus okyh xSlsa mRiUu gksrh gSaA tSls fd dks;ys dks
tykus ls] fctyh dh [kir ls] lM+d ij rst+h ls c<+rs okguksa ls] QSDVfj;ksa ,oa dkj[kkuksa ls] ‘kgjhdj.k ,oa
vkS|ksxhdj.k ls] dwM+k&djdV ls] xk; vkSj HkaSlksa fd tqxkyh ls] [ksrh ls] ouks dh rst+h ls gks jgh dVkbZ ls
bR;kfnA
rks vkb;s vc tkurs gaS] fd bl c<+rs gq, rkieku ls D;k D;k cnyko vk jgs gSa vkSj /kjrh ij D;k vlj iM+
jgk gS
tSls fd geus crk;k fd /kjrh dk vkSlr rkieku 14ºC gS] fiNys 100 o"kksZa esa /kjrh dk rkieku 0.74ºC c<+
pqdk gS] vuqeku yxk;k tk jgk gS] fd vkus okys 100 o"kksZa esa rkieku 1.1ºC ls6.4ºC rd c<+ ldrk gSSA
12.

ck<+ vkSj lw[ks dh ekj
c<+rs rkieku ls ls ty pØ esa cnyko vk jgk gS vkSj vkus okys le; esa ;g cnyko fujarj c<+rk tk,xkA
ckfj’k dgha T+;knk iM+sxh rks dgha deA lkFk gh lkFk ckfj’k vkus ds le; esa Hkh cnyko vk tk,xkA ckfj’k
dgha txgksa ij T+;knk iM+sxh vkSj dgha txgksa ij de ftlls fd ck<+ vkus vkSj lw[kk iM+us fd laHkkouk vkSj
rhozrk esa cnyko vk tk,xkA
/kjrh dh riu ls dbaZ txg cQZ dh pV~Vkus fi?ky jgh gSa vkSj vkus okys le; esa vkSj Hkh fi?ky ldrh gSaA
fi?ky dj ;g ikuh ufn;ksa esa tkrk gS vkSj ck<+ ys vkrk gSA D;ksafd ;g ufn;ka leqæ esa fxjrh gaS blls leqæ
dk tyLrj Hkh c<+ tkrk gS vkSj ogka Hkh ;g ck<+ ysdj vkrk gSA [kklrkSj ls ufn;ksa vkSj leqæ ds vklikl cls
gq, yksx ihfM+r gks tkrs gaSA bu lcls —f”k ij Hkh cqjk vlj iM+rk vkSj vkus okys le; esa] vuqeku yxk;k x;k
gS fd —f”k dh iSnkokj vc dh rqyuk esa de gks tk,xhA
,Slk vuqeku yxk;k tk jgk gS fd vkus okys le; esa vukt dh ekax c<+ tk,xh vkSj nwljh rjQ vyx&vyx
Qlyksa dh iSnkokj] vkt dh rqyuk esa bl lnh ds var rd 10&40 çfr'kr ?kV tk;sxhA
13.

?kVrh ikuh dh ek=k vkSj xq.koRrk

?kVrh ikuh dh ek=k vkSj xq.koRrk
vkus okys le; esa /kjrh dh riu ds dkj.k vkSj blds vykok c<+rs ‘kgjhdj.k] vkS|ksxhdj.k ls vkSj c<+rh
tula[;k ls ikuh dh miyC/k ek=k esa Hkkjh deh vk tk,xhA iwjs fo’o esa vkSj Hkkjr o”kZ esa Hkh ikuh dh Hkkjh
deh gksxhA
2080 rd fo’o esa 3 vjc yksx ikuh dh deh ls twÖksaxsA buesa ls yxHkx 1 vjc yksx ,f’k;k esa jgus okys gksaxsA
Hkkjr esa çfr O;fDr ikuh dh miyfC/k lky nj lky de gksrh tk jgh gSA lu 1950 ds eqdkcys 2011 esa ikuh
dh çfr O;fDr miyfC/k] 70 çfr’kr rd de gks pqdh gSA
15.

c<+rh chekfj;ka
vkus okys o”kksZa esa c<+rs rkieku vkSj c<+rh ueh ds dkj.k fofHkUu rjhds ds ePNjksa ls gksus okyh chekfj;ka tSls
fd eysfj;k] Msaxw c<+ tk;saxhA bu chekfj;ksa ls lcls T+;knk cfLr;ksa vkSj >qfXx;ksa esa jgus okys yksx xzLr gksrs
gSa vkSj mUgsa dbZa dfBukbZ;ksa dk lkeuk djuk iM+rk gSA vkus okys le; esa tyok;q ifjorZu ds dkj.k ;s
chekfj;ka vkSj Hkh rst+h ls QSysaxhA
vkus okys le; esa tyok;q ifjorZu ds dkj.k fofHkUu rjhds ds ePNjksa ls gksus okyh chekfj;ka 80 çfr’kr rd
c<+ tk,axh] vkSj xans ikuh ds ç;ksx ls gksus okyh chekfj;ka 50 çfr’kr rd c<+ tk,axhA ;g Hkh dgk tkrk gS
å å
fd fo’o esa gj 1 & 2 lsyf”;l rkieku esa c<+ksrjh gksus ij eysfj;k vkSj Msaxq ds ekeys rst+h ls c<+ tkrs gSaA
14.

IHE /kjRkh dks riu ls cPkk,aA
vkvks feYkdj dne mBk,a]
Institute of Home Economics
University of Delhi

vkvks feYkdj dne mBk,a] /kjRkh dks riu ls cPkk,aA
rks geus ns[kk fd gekjh /kjrh dh riu dSls c<+ jgh gS vkSj gekjs tu thou dks çHkkfor dj jgh gSA /kjrh dh
riu ds tks ifj.kke gSa og ge lHkh Hkqxr jgs gSa] vkSj vkus okys le; esa vkSj Hkh cqjs ifj.kke lgus iM+sxsaA rks
D;k ge dqN ugha dj ldrs D;k ge gkFk cka/k dj cSBs jgsaD;k ge /kjrh dh riu dks c<+us nsath ugha! vxj
ge lc feydj dqN dne mBk;as rks dkQh gn rd ge /kjrh dks riu ls cpk ldrs gSaA
16.
References:
2010-2012
Project No. : F.37-209/2009 (SR)
Principal Investigator
Co- Principal Investigator
Research Fellow
: Dr. Savita Aggarwal
: Dr. Geeta Punhani
: Ms. Jagriti Kher
IPCC, 2007, Fourth Assessment Report: IPCC, 2008, Technical paper VI, Climate Change and Water
India's Initial National Communication to the UNFCCC, 2004; India Second National
Communication to the UNFCCC, 2012
k
k

Causes and impacts of climate change

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