ABILITY TO ABSORB CARBON DIOXIDE BY SAPLINGS OF RAMBUTAN FOREST (NEPHELIUM RAMBOUTAN-AKE)

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International Journal of Civil Engineering and Technology (IJCIET)
Volume 9, Issue 11, November 2018, pp. 425–431, Article ID: IJCIET_09_11_042
Available online at http://www.iaeme.com/ijciet/issues.asp?JType=IJCIET&VType=9&IType=10
ISSN Print: 0976-6308 and ISSN Online: 0976-6316
© IAEME Publication Scopus Indexed
ABILITY TO ABSORB CARBON DIOXIDE BY
SAPLINGS OF RAMBUTAN FOREST
(NEPHELIUM RAMBOUTAN-AKE)
Alpian, Yetrie Ludang and Wahyu Supriyati
Department of Forestry, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Palangka Raya,
Palangka Raya, Indonesia.
ABSTRACT
Research related to the absorption of carbon dioxide is still open because there
are still many types of plants found in Central Kalimantan. Plant species that have
not been studied are mainly plant saplings that are easily found and widely known by
the people of Central Kalimantan. These types of plants include Rambutan Forest
(Nephelium ramboutan-ake). This study aims to (a) measure the ability of the CO2
uptake of Rambutan Forest seedlings (b) measure the fluctuations of seedlings' CO2
uptake during the measurement period of 06.00-06.30, 12.00-12.30 and 15.00-15.30
Indonesia Western Standard Time (WIB), (c) analyze biomass / dry weight and
organic carbon stored in Rambutan Forest planters. Rambutan seedlings. The forest
used in this study is 3-5 months old. Measurements of CO2 absorption using a
containment method measuring 50 cm x 50 cm x 30 cm and CO2 gas analysis using
Gas Cromatography. The time period for measuring CO2 uptake is carried out at
06.00-06.30, 12.00-12.30 and 15.00-15.30 WIB with a time interval of 5, 10, 15, 20,
25 and 30 for 4 (four) weeks. Analysis of biomass / dry weight reserves, percent and
organic carbon content of each plant species using the gravimetric method. The
results showed that the average CO2 uptake of Rambutan Hutan seedlings was 0.165
mg / m2 / minute. The CO2 uptake of Rambutan Forest seedlings has fluctuated,
where the highest CO2 absorption rates occur at 12.00-12.30 WIB, followed at 06.00-
06.30 WIB and the lowest CO2 uptake occurs at 15.00-15.30 WIB. The average
biomass / dry weight of the saplings of Rambutan Hutan plants is 13.66 grams, the
average percent of organic carbon ranges from 55.50% and the organic carbon
content is 7.59 grams.
Keywords: Rambutan Forests, saplings, carbon dioxide, biomass, organic carbon
Cite this Article: Alpian, Yetrie Ludang and Wahyu Supriyati, Ability to Absorb Carbon
Dioxide by Saplings of Rambutan Forest (Nephelium Ramboutan-Ake), International
Journal of Civil Engineering and Technology, 9(11), 2018, pp. 425–431.
http://www.iaeme.com/IJCIET/issues.asp?JType=IJCIET&VType=9&IType=11

Ability to Absorb Carbon Dioxide by Saplings of Rambutan Forest (Nephelium Ramboutan-Ake)
1. INTRODUCTION
The effort to reduce the increase in CO2 emissions in Central Kalimantan is to increase
carbon stocks through planting / rehabilitation activities on critical lands. To support these
activities a study / study of several types of plants is needed whose ability is not yet known to
absorb CO2, especially in plants in the growing phase of sapling levels. The long-term goal
of this study is to determine the role and contribution of plant species as plants for critical
land rehabilitation in climate change mitigation efforts in Central Kalimantan.
According to Kusminingrum (2008) and other researchers (Kotta et al., 2018; Ludang and
Mangkoedihardjo, 2009; Ludang et al., 2007; Samudro et al., 2018), the presence of CO2 gas
in the atmosphere is currently very abundant and can stimulate photosynthesis and increase
growth and productivity without being followed by increased water requirements
(transpiration). But the increase in the concentration of large CO2 gas has resulted in the
effect of Greenhouse Gases (GHG) that have an impact on global warming. According to
Samiaji (2009), the concentration of CO2 gas in the atmosphere has a very large contribution
to global warming, which is around 55% compared to other GHGs.
Popular plant of Rambutan Hutan (Nephelium ramboutan-ake)is commonly cultivated by
the community. At present there have been many studies related to measuring the ability of
CO2 absorption by several types of plants. The problem is that the research is still limited to
the tree-level growth phase. Research on the growth phase of plant saplings, especially the
saplings of plants aged ± 3-5 months, such as Rambutan Hutan is still lack. Though the data
is very important to know and can be used as basic data in predicting the amount of CO2
absorbed by plants along with the age increase of these plants related to climate change
mitigation on critical land.
The research aims to (a) measure the ability of the CO2 uptake of Rambutan Forest
saplings (b) measure the fluctuations in saplings' CO2 uptake during the measurement period
of 06.00-06.30, 12:00 p.m.30 and 15.00-15.30 WIB, (c) analyze biomass / dry weight
reserves organic carbon stored in Rambutan Forest plant.
2. METHODS
2.1. Place and time of research
The research was carried out in the City of Palangka Raya, Central Kalimantan Province,
Laboratory of the Jakenan Pati Research Institute for Agricultural Environment, Central Java
for the calculation of CO2 absorption. Palangka Raya University Forest Product Technology
Laboratory for calculating biomass and organic carbon. Research implementation June - July
2018.
2.2. Materials
The materials consist of saplings ± 3-5 months old Rambutan Forest (Nephelium ramboutan-
ake), printer ink, HVS A4 80 gr paper, markers, label paper, paper folders, plastic folders,
large envelopes, used newsprint and large ice box. The tool includes a chamber of size 50 cm
x 50 cm x 30 cm, Gas Cromatography, syringe, calipers, meter, 50 cm ruler, oven, desiccator,
blast furnace, ignition cup, bucket, analytic scales, small plastic basket, rubber band, cameras,
scissors cuttings, analytical scales, blenders and writing instruments.

2.3. Procedures
Saplings Rambutan Forests are stored in beds for ± 2 weeks to adjust to the conditions of the
surrounding environment so as not to stress.
Sampling of plant saplings of CO2 gas is Rambutan Forest with a chamber method. The
saplings are placed on the cement floor and then covered with a hood equipped with a
thermometer, dry batteries and small fans, as well as control hoods (without plant saplings).
Cover each side of the lid with sand to avoid air entering the hood. A small fan is turned on in
the hood and the rubber cover / septum above the lid is opened for 2-3 minutes and closed
again. Taking gas samples inside the hood through the septum by using a syringe and
recording the temperature data on the thermometer in the hood and the temperature around
the study location on the thermometer outside the hood in each period of gas sampling time.
Gas sampling is carried out in the period of 06.00-06.30, 12.00-12.30 and 15.00-15.30 WIB
with gas sampling time intervals of the 5th, 10th, 15th, 20th, 25th and 30th minute so that the
total gas samples taken are 144 sample.
2.4. Carbon dioxide measurements
The gas sample in the syringe was sent to the Jakenan Pati Research Center for Agricultural
Environment, Central Java, to analyze CO2 using Gas Cromatography. The data from the
CO2 gas analysis then calculated the CO2 gas absorption rate in the hood using the formula
Khalil, et. al., (1991):
where:
F = CO2 absorption rate in hoods (mg / m2 / minute)
dc/dt = Difference in CO2 concentration per unit time (ppm / minute)
Vch = Box volume (m3
)
Ach = Box area (m2
)
mW = Molecular weight CO2 (gr)
mV = Volume molekul CO2 (22,41 L)
T = Average temperature during gas sampling (o
C)
CO2 uptake by plant saplings (Fb) is the difference between the rate of CO2 uptake in a
hood containing plant saplings with CO2 absorption rates in hoods without plants / controls
(K), with the following formula:
Fb = F - K
where:
Fb = CO2 Absorption by plant saplings (mg / m2 / minute)
F = CO2 uptake in hood (mg / m2 / minute)
K = CO2 Absorption Rate in control hood / no plants (mg / m2 / minute)
2.5. Biomassa andOrganic Carbon measurements
Analysis of biomass and organic carbon stock in the roots, stems and leaves of Rambutan
Hutan was carried out using the gravimetric method at the Forest Products Technology
Laboratory, Faculty of Agriculture, Palangka Raya University.

3. RESULTS AND DISCUSSION
3.1. Carbon dioxide uptake
The results of the study showed that the average rate of absorption of carbon dioxide (CO2)
saplings of Rambutan Hutan plants was 0.165 mg / m2 / minute or 9,900 mg / m2 / hour.
Each type of plant has different abilities in absorbing CO2 and this is influenced by several
factors, namely temperature, sunlight intensity, water availability, overall leaf area, leaf age
and growth phase (Dwidjoseputro, 1980). Salisbury and Ross (1995), differences in the
ability of plants to absorb CO2 are influenced by leaf area, relative thickness of leaves,
number of stomata, plant age and environmental factors. Research on carbon dioxide
absorption has been carried out as in Table 1.
Table 1 Research on carbon dioxide absorption for three plants
No Saplings
Average CO2
Absorption
(mg/m2/minute)
References
1 Papaya (Carica papaya L.) 0.640 Ludang and Junaedi (2015)
2
Jackfruit (Artocarpus heterophyllus
Lam.)
0.150 Ludang and Junaedi (2015)
3 Jelutung (Dyera lowii Hook. F.) 0.349 Ludang et. al (2017)
Data in Table 1 when compared with the average CO2 absorption of Rambutan Forest
seedlings (Nephelium ramboutan-ake)higher than the average CO2 absorption of saplings of
Jackfruit (Artocarpus heterophyllus Lam.), but smaller compared to the type of saplings of
Papaya (Carica papaya L.)andJelutung (Dyera lowii Hook. F.).
3.2. Fluctuations in carbon dioxide uptake
Pattern of fluctuations in CO2 uptake that occur in Rambutan saplings The highest CO2
uptake occurs at 15.00-15.30 then followed at 12.00-12.30 WIB and lowest at 06.00-06.30
WIB. Lakitan (2012) that the optimum temperature for photosynthesis is equivalent to
temperature during the day. In addition, these conditions also affect the efficiency of
photosynthesis. Maulana (2011) explains that the high intensity of sunlight is able to carry
out photosynthesis maximally. Gratimah (2009) that maximum photosynthetic efficiency will
be achieved when the intensity of sunlight is full and long days so that the gradual increase in
sunlight will increase photosynthesis to the level of light compensation that is the level of
light when CO2 is equal to CO2 emissions. Fluctuations in the CO2 absorption of Rambutan
Forest seedlings are affected by fluctuations in the average temperature within the hood and
the average temperature outside the surrounding research site.
Whereas there are fluctuations in the temperature of the inside and outside of the hood in
the graph as seen at 06.00-06.30 WIB at 26.90 0C, 25.27 0C; 12.00-12.30 WIB at 37.63 0C,
33.14 0C; at 15.00-15.30 WIB at 39.00 0C, 34.04 0C. Sunlight at the research site shines
quite brightly which affects the increase in temperature and absorption of CO2. Ludang and
Junaedi (2015), the temperature inside the containment plays an important role in the ability
of plant saplings to fix CO2 in the process of photosynthesis, the higher the temperature in
the hood causes the higher the amount of CO2 to be fixed. Maulana (2011) explains that the
high intensity of sunlight is able to carry out photosynthesis maximally. Xu (2000), which is
when temperatures increase, plant activity will increase until it reaches the optimal
temperature and then decreases.

The average concentration of CO2 in the hood containing Rambutan Forest seedlings was
828.59 ppm. Ginting (2009), the process of increasing the concentration of CO2 in the air
coupled with high sunlight intensity can increase the rate of CO2 uptake in some types of
plants.
3.3. Biomass andOrganic Carbon
Brown (1997) explained that roots, stems, branches, leaves, flowers, and fruit are components
of biomass. Confirmed by Elias, et. al. (2010), the components of tree biomass consist of root
biomass, main stem, branch stems, twigs, and leaves. The weight of biomass / dry weight per
sample of plant saplings is the sum of heavy biomass / dry weight (roots, stems, branches and
leaves) carried out directly in the laboratory. Budiadi and Sabarnurdin (2001) explain the
method of calculating biomass, which is that each part of the tree is separated into each root,
stem, branch, and leaf then weighed as wet weight, then taken samples to dry the furnace in
the laboratory in the oven for biomass calculations. The results showed that the average
biomass / dry weight of the rambutan forest seedlings of 13.66 g consisted of stem
components (6.57 g), roots (5.41 g) and leaves (1.68 g). Pamoengkas, et.al. (2000) Tree
biomass is the measure most often used to describe and study plant growth. Photosynthetic
products are used by plants for vertical and horizontal growth processes (Adinugroho and
Sidiyasa, 2009).
The results of the calculation of the percentage of organic carbon from Rambutan Forest
seedlings in this study were 55.50%. Brown, et. al. (1986), the average percentage of organic
carbon in plants is 50%, this value is smaller when compared to the results of this study.
Percentage of carbon organic carbon in Rambutan seedlings The forest is almost the same as
the percentage of organic carbon in the Gelam seedlings, which is equal to 54.86% (Alpian,
2014). The percent percent of organic carbon from Rambutan Forest seedlings is much
greater when compared to the results of the Bansal, et. al. (1988), where the percentage of
organic carbon in wood plants with needle leaves ranged from 40-45% and wide leaf wood
ranged from 40-42%. The organic carbon content of saplings of Rambutan Forest plants was
7.59 g consisting of stem components (3.6 g), roots (2.98 g) and leaves (0.92 g). The saplings'
organic carbon values of Rambutan Forest plants are smaller than those of Alpian (2014) in
the saplings of Gelam plants with a diameter of 0.6 to 0.8 mm (base diameter of the stem
measured 30 cm above the ground surface containing organic carbon ranging from 9-19 g.
Hairiah, et. Al. (2011), measuring the amount of carbon stored in the body of a living plant
(biomass) can describe the amount of CO2 absorbed by plants.
4. CONCLUSION
1. The ability of the average absorption of carbon dioxide in the children of Rambutan
Forest is 0.165 mg / m2 / minute or 9,900 mg / m2 / hour.
2. Fluctuations in the absorption of carbondioxide saplings of Rambutan Forest plants
are increasing based on the measurement period (morning, afternoon and evening).
3. The biomass and organic carbon content of Rambutan Forest saplings is 13.66 g and
7.59 g. Component parts of the stem contain biomass and organic carbon, followed by
roots and leaves.
Research on the process of carbon dioxide absorption needs to be carried out
continuously considering that there are still many types of seedling plants in Central
Kalimantan both in natural forests and plantations that have not been studied in full.

ACKNOWLEDGEMENT
The authors would like to thank Direktorat Riset dan Pengabdian Masyarakat, Direktorat
Jenderal Penguatan Riset dan Pengembangan, Kementerian Riset, Teknologi dan Pendidikan
Tinggi in accordance with the Fiscal Year 2018 Research Contract because it has funded this
research.
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ABILITY TO ABSORB CARBON DIOXIDE BY SAPLINGS OF RAMBUTAN FOREST (NEPHELIUM RAMBOUTAN-AKE)

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