1. Researchers at Yonsei University studied gasification of solid refuse fuel in a fixed bed reactor to produce syngas. They analyzed the syngas composition and yield under different equivalence ratios and temperatures.
2. The syngas was primarily composed of H2, CO, CH4 and CO2. Higher equivalence ratios increased CO2 while decreasing H2, CO and CH4. The highest syngas yield occurred at an equivalence ratio of 0.2.
3. Emissions of pollutants like SOx and NOx increased with higher equivalence ratios. The lowest pollutant amounts were obtained at an equivalence ratio of 0.2.
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Gasification of solid refuse fuel in a fixed bed reactor
1. Air & Waste Engineering Laboratory
YONSEI UNIVERSITY
Gasification of Solid Refuse Fuel in a
Fixed Bed Reactor
Md Tanvir Alam, Jang-Soo Lee, Won-Seok Yang, Se-Won Park, Sang-Yeop Lee,
Yong-Chil Seo*, Seung-Ki Back, Sung Jin-Ho, Eun-Song Lee, AHM Mojammal
Department of Environmental Engineering, Yonsei University, Republic of Korea
*Corresponding author: seoyc@yonsei.ac.kr
Japan-Korea-China Joint Symposium on Energy and Environment
Grand XIV Hatsushima Club, Shizuoka, Japan
28 October, 2016
2. Air & Waste Engineering Laboratory
YONSEI UNIVERSITY
1. Introduction
2. Materials and Methods
3. Results and Discussion
4. Conclusion
ContentContent
3. Air & Waste Engineering Laboratory
YONSEI UNIVERSITY
1. Introduction
4. Air & Waste Engineering Laboratory
YONSEI UNIVERSITY
1. Introduction
Korean primary energy demand prediction
Domestic primary energy demand is predicted 343 million TOE in 2030 according to
avg.1.6 % increasing rate from 2006 to 2030
97.5 % of energy sources are imported from other countries
Source: KEMCO, Reduction policy of green-house gas for green growth, 2010
<Demand prediction of primary energy source> <Demand prediction of final energy>
coal petroleum LNG
hydro power nuclear power renewable, etc
industry transportation home/commerce
public/etc conversion
performance
prospect
performance
prospect
5. Air & Waste Engineering Laboratory
YONSEI UNIVERSITY
1. Introduction
Waste generation rate in Korea
Source: Environment statistics yearbook, Korean Ministry of Environment
6. Air & Waste Engineering Laboratory
YONSEI UNIVERSITY
1. Introduction
Conversion technology of generated energy from waste
Waste
MBT
Mechanical
Treatment
Thermal
Conversion
Biological
Conversion
Gasification
Combustion
Pyrolysis
/Thermolysis
Anaerobic
Digestion
Liquefaction
Indirect
Liquefaction /
Methanation
Biogas
Oil
Bio-Alcohol
Low Quality
Syngas
Flue Gas
Crushing,
Compressing,
Pelletizing
Pretreatment
Residues
Landfill
Recycling
Residues
High Quality
Syngas
Oil
Solid Fuel
(RDF)
Power
Generation
Further
Processing
Chemical Product
CONCEPT PROCESS
ENERGY
CARRIER
7. Air & Waste Engineering Laboratory
YONSEI UNIVERSITY
1. Introduction
Waste to energy(gases, fuels, chemicals) by gasification
Syngas
Clean-up
Synthesis Gas
Gasification
Reactor
Slag,
Vitrified Slag,
and/or Ash
Wast
e
Power Generation
+ Electrical Energy
+ Steam
Biochemical
Process
Fuels & Chemicals such as for example
Ethanol, Methanol, Methane, and Others
Chemistry
Options
Catalyst Hydrogen
Catalyst
Ethanol
Mixed Alcohols
Catalyst Olefins
Catalyst
Liquefied Petroleum Gas(LPG)
Naphtha
Kerosene/Diesel
Lubes
Catalyst
Waxes
Gasoline
Catalyst
Oxo chemicals
e.g., Ketones
Catalyst Synthetic Natural Gas
Catalyst Ammonia
Power
Options
Biochemistry
Options
Source: Municipal Solid Waste to Energy Conversion Processes, Gary C. Young
8. Air & Waste Engineering Laboratory
YONSEI UNIVERSITY
1. Introduction
1. Introduction
Remarkable amount of MSW contains materials such as paper, plastics, textiles,
wood etc., which can be efficiently be recycled for resource recovery.
Solid refuse fuel(SRF) is an alternative fuel produced from the combustibles in
MSW
9. Air & Waste Engineering Laboratory
YONSEI UNIVERSITY
1. Introduction
Purpose of research
To find out the optimum condition for syngas production
1
2
To analyze the syngas characteristics, composition and trend
10. Air & Waste Engineering Laboratory
YONSEI UNIVERSITY
2. Materials and Methods
11. Air & Waste Engineering Laboratory
YONSEI UNIVERSITY
2. Materials and Methods
Proximate analysis (wt.%)
Moisture 16.48
Volatile 74.10
Fixed-C 3.18
Ash 6.23
Elemental analysis (wt.%) Dry basis
C 61.27
H 9.15
O 29.05
N 0.07
S 0.06
Higher heating value (kcal/kg) 4,081
Basic characteristics
12. Air & Waste Engineering Laboratory
YONSEI UNIVERSITY
2. Materials and Methods
TG curve of feedstock
13. Air & Waste Engineering Laboratory
YONSEI UNIVERSITY
2. Materials and Methods
Schematic diagram of lab-scale reactor
1. feeder, 2. wind-box, 3. reactor, 4. cyclone, 5. wet scrubber, 6. silica gel, 7. micro-GC/gas analyzer,
8. dry gas meter
14. Air & Waste Engineering Laboratory
YONSEI UNIVERSITY
2. Materials and Methods
Condition of gasification experiment
Item Condition
Feedstock
Solid refuse fuel
Temperature 900 o
C
Reactor type Fixed bed
ER(Equivalent Ratio)*
0.2, 0.4, 0.6
Feeding rate 1 g/min
Particle size of feedstock < 10 mm
Gasification agent O2
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YONSEI UNIVERSITY
3. Results and Discussion
16. Air & Waste Engineering Laboratory
YONSEI UNIVERSITY
Results and Discussion
Composition of syngas
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YONSEI UNIVERSITY
Results and Discussion
Gas yield
18. Air & Waste Engineering Laboratory
YONSEI UNIVERSITY
Results and Discussion
Cold gas efficiency
19. Air & Waste Engineering Laboratory
YONSEI UNIVERSITY
Results and Discussion
Composition of pollutant
20. Air & Waste Engineering Laboratory
YONSEI UNIVERSITY
4. Conclusion
21. Air & Waste Engineering Laboratory
YONSEI UNIVERSITY
4. Conclusion
- The main components were H2, CO, CH4 and CO2.
-With increasing ER, CO, H2 and CH4 concentration tended to decrease whereas CO2
tended to increase.
- Highest syngas yield was obtained at ER 0.2
- Depending on ER, concentration of SOx ranged between 123-195 ppm and concentration
of NOx ranged between 8-26 ppm
-Both of the gaseous pollutants showed increasing trend with increasing ER.
-At ER 0.2 lowest amount of gaseous pollutants were obtained
Syngas characteristics of gasification
Emission of gaseous pollutant
22. Air & Waste Engineering Laboratory
YONSEI UNIVERSITY
Thank You
For Your Kind Attention
Editor's Notes
I would like to discuss about ‘A study on gasification characteristics of fluff SRF in fixed and fluidized bed reactor’
This is my content.
This table shows conversion technology to generate energy from waste and biomass. Waste and biomass can be converted to energy through thermal, MBT, liquefaction. Pretreatment process makes residues, that can be used for recycling and landfill. Thermal conversion process divide gasification, pyrolysis and combustion. Gasification technology produce low quality syngas and Pyrolysis produce high quality syngas and oil. Combustion process makes flue gas and residues. MBT is mechanical biological treatment, mechanical treatment makes solid fuel through crushing, compressing, pelletizing. Biological treatment produce biogas through anaerobic digestion. Liquefaction makes oil, bio-alcohol through indirect and methanation. We can adopt all of the products for other chemicals process, we get the electricity using syngas, oil and heat.
Waste fed in the gasification reactor, through gasification reaction it produces syngas and also makes residues example slag and ash. Later we clean the syngas, that can be used for producing electricity and steam generation or making chemicals through chemical process. It can be converted into Ethanol, methanol in biochemical process.
Purpose of research is to find out the Syngas characteristics of waste gasification; composition and trend. This research is primary research for power plant co-gasification.
Feedstock was made from household waste, as fluff type. In order to fed in the reactor, we conducted pretreatment, we packed in vinyl after milling under 10mm. Left 3 pictures are showing feedstock&apos;s and their condition.
Using this experiments SRF, Proximate analysis results moisture 16%, volatile 74%, Fixed-Carbon 3% and 6% ash. Most of raw materials compose Carbon, Oxygen and hydrogen. The higher heating value is 4000kcal/kg.
Feedstock was made from household waste, as fluff type. In order to fed in the reactor, we conducted pretreatment, we packed in vinyl after milling under 10mm. Left 3 pictures are showing feedstock&apos;s and their condition.
Using this experiments SRF, Proximate analysis results moisture 16%, volatile 74%, Fixed-Carbon 3% and 6% ash. Most of raw materials compose Carbon, Oxygen and hydrogen. The higher heating value is 4000kcal/kg.
This slide shows schematic diagram. No. 1 is semi-batch type feeder and No.2 used windbox in fluidized bed. No.3 is reactor, No.4 and 5 for produced gas treatment are cyclone and wet scrubber. No.7 is microGC, installed No6. silica gel before the 7. All gaseous pass into No8 drygas meter.
This table is showing operating condition of gasification experiment. The temperature was 900 degrees Celsius, reactor type were fixed and bubbling fluidized bed. Equivalent ratio is 0.2, 0.4, 0.6 and feeding rate 1g/min. Feedstock sized is under 10mm, and gasification agent was oxygen.
With Increasing ER, Syngas, HHV and Methane are showing decreasing trend. In case of carbon-dioxide, it is showing increasing trend with increasing ER. It appears this tendency is due to the input of the oxygen, with increased ER. Higher heating value of gas varied from 2200 to 2500 kcal/kg.
This figure shows Sulfur oxides and nitrogen oxides of fixed and fluidized bed. with increasing ER, overall pollutants increased. The fixed bed reactor generated more pollutant than fluidized bed. As the residence time become longer, gasification reaction progressed further in fixed bed which generated more pollutants.
This figure shows Sulfur oxides and nitrogen oxides of fixed and fluidized bed. with increasing ER, overall pollutants increased. The fixed bed reactor generated more pollutant than fluidized bed. As the residence time become longer, gasification reaction progressed further in fixed bed which generated more pollutants.
This figure shows Sulfur oxides and nitrogen oxides of fixed and fluidized bed. with increasing ER, overall pollutants increased. The fixed bed reactor generated more pollutant than fluidized bed. As the residence time become longer, gasification reaction progressed further in fixed bed which generated more pollutants.