Z Score,T Score, Percential Rank and Box Plot Graph
Skeletal system
1. A N I M A L A N AT O M Y A N D P H Y S I O L O G Y
SKELETAL SYSTEM
2. WHAT DOES IT DO?
• The skeleton is an animal’s
internal support frame.
• Protects organs and aids in
movement.
• Animals with an internal
skeletal structure have an
endoskeleton.
• Animals with their skeletal
structure on the outside
have an exoskeleton.
3. BACKBONES
• The backbone is made up of vertebrae
• The cranium or skull attaches at the top
• Cervical vertebrae make up the neck
• The ribs attach to the thoracic vertebrae
• Lumbar vertebrae support the body between
the ribs and hips
• The hips attach at the sacrum
• The tail is formed by caudal vertebrae
4.
5. RIBS
• The lungs and heart are protected by the rib cage
• The ribs come out from the thoracic vertebrae and
come together at the front of the chest
• Ribs that connect at the sternum are called ‘true’
ribs
• The tip of the sternum is manubrium and marks the
‘point of the chest’
• Ribs that do not connect to the sternum are called
‘floating’ ribs, and ribs that do not connect at all are
called ‘false’ ribs
6.
7. FORE LIMBS
• The fore limbs provide support to the body
• The scapula lies along side the ribcage and
defines the shoulders
• The scapula meets the humerus and leads
down to the elbow
• The elbow joint connects the ulna and radius
(fused together)
• the ulna/radius meets the knee
• The knee joint connects to the ‘hand’ which
consists of the carpals, metacarpals, and
phalanges
8.
9. HIPS
• The hips connect to the hind limbs
• The pelvic bone defines the hips and attaches
to the sacrum
• The ilium extends forward and marks the ‘point
of the hips’ (hooks on dairy cows)
• The ischium extends backwards to form the
buttocks
10.
11. HIND LIMBS
• The hind limbs provide the power for movement
• The femur attaches to the pelvis and is notched
at the bottom to form the patella or kneecap
• The tibia and fibula meet the femur at the stifle
joint and the tarsals at the hock joint
• The ‘foot’ consists of the tarsals, metatarsals,
and phalanges.
12.
13. PLAY-DOOH ACTIVITY
• Select a skeletal system of a Dog or Horse
• Using the printout, create a model of the skeleton
using play-dooh (a little goes a long way, you have
to share!)
• Label the following bones on your model:
Cranium Sacrum Ribs Sternum
Vertebrae (cervical, thoracic, lumbar, caudal)
Pelvis (illium, ischium) Scapula Humerus Ulna
Radius Carplas Tarsals Metacarpals
Femur Patella Tibia Fibula
Stifle
