Areas That Could Be Improved And Avoided In Future Studies...

Areas that Could Be Improved and Avoided in Future Studies...
In 2010 a study was published by Phyllis D. Morgan, Joshua Fogel, Indira D. Tyler, and John R.
Jones titled Culturally Targeted Educational Intervention to Increase Colorectal Health Awareness
among African Americans. This study will be examined following an objective critique of the
research conducted and reported. This analysis will show areas that could be improved and avoided
in future studies and reports.
This study was conducted to increase colonoscopy screening for colorectal cancer (CRC) in African
Americans as well as increase knowledge of CRC and decrease cancer fatalism. This study did
clearly state the four study objectives based off of their literature review. The literature review
showed several studies with increased ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
The authors continued with the study by allowing a larger immediate intervention group and a
dramatically smaller delayed control group than envisioned. The delayed control group was only 8%
of the total participants in this study. The authors provided a concise explanation of the differences
in the immediate intervention and the delayed control group. The data analysis stated they used
descriptive statistics for the sample data obtained. The results as described by the author did have
several possible unidentifiable errors particularly in the control group. The results were discussed
with relation to their objectives and the literature review however the analysis was highly focused
on the success of the study and only slightly addressed the limitations of such a small control group
in proportion to the immediate intervention group. The authors went in depth on the ethical
consideration and justification for continuing with the study with the uneven participant groups. The
conclusion of the study demonstrated the authors' confidence in the cultural targeting of education
for CRC and the resulting increase in colonoscopy in African Americans.
This study was conducted in a reasonable manner and the limitations were clearly outlined by the
author. However the results
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Against Fatalism in Western Europe
It is the opinion of The Author that the most intellectually exhausted debate in the Western European
tradition revolves around the existence of free will. This question has been so thoroughly ground to
a pulp that if you look up the Wikipedia article on it, one of the first things you will encounter is a
simple graphical taxonomy of the possible positions one can take on the issue, which allows one,
assuming one believes that their position has not been preordained, to determine where one stands
without dragging out the same fatigued arguments for yet another obnoxious ballyhoo. While other
traditions have also dealt with this subject extensively, they have, for the most part, either been
prescient or blessed enough to find other, less mind–numbingly intractable issues to validate their
participation in humanity's unofficial, though remarkably uncontested universal pastime, namely
blowing each other to smithereens, which, despite it's best efforts, inclusive humanism has roundly
failed to supplant, although it may be winning the war while losing all of the battles (Pinker). It may
even be possible that the intractability of this debate has contributed to the resounding success of the
various and sundry teams that Western Europe has sent to the international league, since, as a central
aspect of the schism between Protestant and Catholic dogmas, it may have directly or indirectly
provided the ideological justification for the vast majority of European religiopolitical

Determinism And The Part It Plays With Free Will
Determinism is an idea that states that everything can be explained because it has an adequate
reason for being the way it is rather than a different way, meaning that the world has natural laws
and everything happens for a reason. This is important as many philosophers have argued between
the extent of determinism and the part it plays with free will, taking the claim that if our behavior is
governed by natural causes, we are not morally free. Everything will happen due to reasons that
have built upon themselves and bringing forth an effect, which then brings about more causes. This
is taking the case of hard determinism. This issue is very significant when talking about ethics, as
blame and morality surround free will, and if we do not have free will can we be held responsible
for our actions? Before we blame a person we must decide if they could have refrained from what
they did or if it was inevitable due to causal determinism. I believe that free will and fatalistic/
determinism both have an effect on our human lives and the way we make our choices, contributing
to our moral freedom.
Determinism does not necessarily mean we make no choices; simply put, it is that we make our own
choices and decisions and they are part of the causal process whereby we create further effects in the
world, leading to inevitable causes. Leucippus believed that nothing occurs randomly; everything
has a specific reason. An argument for the claim is that determinism deprives us of the power

1984 Winston Smith Character Analysis Essay
Character Analysis – Winston Smith The dystopian novel, "1984" by George Orwell, describes a
totalitarian government gone wrong. The Party oppresses the lower classes and suffocates free spirit.
Using the mysterious figure Big Brother, they trick the public into obedience and ignorance.
Winston Smith attempt to rebel against them and exist as his own person. He and his new found
lover, Julia, plan an insurgence but Mr. Charrington turns them in. O'Brien then breaks their spirit
enforcing the idea revolt is futile. At crucial plots points Winston's defining characteristics lead to
his downfall in his society. One of Winston Smith's most defining characteristic is his spirit of
individualism. His individualism appears through his desire to keep a diary (1.1. 30). By writing
down his thoughts he can keep alive what he really thinks. Although Winston commits
Thoughtrime, his need to preserve his uniqueness overrides his fears as he continues to put his true
thoughts down. Winston ends chapter seven, part one, with. "Freedom is the freedom to say that two
plus two make four. If this ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Excitedly, Winston learns that Julia sleeps with many men of the Party to rebel against them. He
even goes as far as to say, "Anything that hinted at corruption always filled him with hope...the
more man you've had the more I love you..." (13.54–54.) While Julia's little adventures seem like
insurrection they are only small personal victories. They don't help with the grand scheme of the
things her exploits still delight him. Winston's relationship with O'Brien contains naivety. He
quickly eats up any hints O'Brien drops about the Brotherhood, a secret organization dedicated to
taking down the Party, Winston also seems to create an character of O'Brien in his head as shown in
part one of the book, Winston concludes, "He was writing the diary for–to O'Brien..." (7.184).
Unfortunately, O'Brien turns out to work for the Party and tortures him into a model

Free Will And Religion : An Epic Hero
Fated Encounters and Desired Results
Throughout history, free will and religion are two concepts often interwoven together. For example,
in cultures where religion is a huge influence in an individual's daily life, one will choose to believe
that one's actions are already determined by an omniscient being. Contrary to this, cultures where
religion is less of an influence tend to believe more in the concept of free–will. Fatalism is a concept
often used in older literary texts, as it ties in with God's will and His influence in people's lives.
Such is the case in the epic poem, Beowulf. The story's protagonist must endure many trials
throughout his journey as an epic hero, defeating his opponent each time. However, Beowulf
believes it is not his own strength, but the will of God that he is able to become victorious. As his
journey through life continues, from warrior to king, fatalism is present time and time again in all
his actions. In Seamus Heaney's translation of Beowulf, the theme of fate dictates the outcome of
each battle Beowulf must overcome in order to continue his journey as an epic hero, as seen before
his fights with Grendel, the demon's mother, and, most important of all, the battle with the dragon
that fate decides is his last.
Fatalism is a significant theme in the poem, and is present even in the commencement of Beowulf's
epic hero journey. However, God has already decided the outcome of his first trial, as seen when
Beowulf and his men are preparing for

Personal Philosophy Fatalism
1. What was the most significant learning within the themes presented this week?
The most significant learning within the themes this week is fatalism. It was interesting because
before I read the text I used to think that most things in life are pre–determined. fatalism was similar
to my philosophy. I believe everything is pre determined, and mental things are able to be control. I
think we can change the process, but the result would be the same.
2. How has this learning affected your personal philosophy?
It did not affected my personal philosophy because most of things are the same as my belief system.
In my personal philosophy, everything in my life are pre–determined. For example, The place I live,
the date of birth, my father,

“The American Dream has become a death sentence of...
"The American Dream has become a death sentence of drudgery, consumerism, and fatalism: a
garage sale where the best of the human spirit is bartered away for comfort, obedience and trinkets.
It's unequivocally absurd." –Zoltan Istvan. In both This Side of Paradise and This Beautiful and
Damned, F. Scott Fitzgerald comments on the corruption of the American Dream. Throughout the
beautiful text and prose of his first and second novels, respectively, Fitzgerald mocks the ghastly
nightmare the American 'Dream' has become. The former follows the story of the downfall of a
wealthy, promising young man struggling to gain romantic success, who enlists in the army along
the way, to a poverty–stricken alcoholic struggling to now gain romantic and ... Show more content
on Helpwriting.net ...
The whole idea of rags to riches embodied the work ethic of the 1920s and previous decades as the
idyllic Golden Age of flappers and mobsters thrived. However, the ideology was flawed in itself that
people were striving for money and not happiness. The average American assumed that happiness
was money and were therefore obsessed with the culture of the attaining money. While this was also
mostly a time of attempted moral reinvigoration in the older generations, baring the Prohibition and
all, many would do whatever they could to get what they wanted, which in most cases was money to
buy 'nice' things. Everyone's goal was to become extravagantly wealthy or to die trying. The saddest
part of it all is many went to the grave unable to fulfill their actually quite impossible dream.
Fitzgerald presents these stories in the format of citizens who are already wealthy and actually
living the American Dream so as to make it more glamorous than having seen the grueling work
done by some close relative. This almost further empowers the culture of materialism as it sets the
scene, only to deplore it as the books go on. These people start out pampered and are presumed to
become even more wealthy and powerful but spiral downward as they fail to find happiness in their
lavish lifestyles.
In This Side of Paradise, this is exactly the case. In one aspect, Amory Blaine is already

One Flew Over The Cuckoo's Nest Separatism
The politics of Infinite Jest are rooted inside a rich speculative fiction backdrop, but have
surprisingly managed to predict a climate similar to current political America. Soon after the events
that created O.N.A.N. in the novel, Canadians began advocating for separatism. There are a variety
of separatist groups, but the most ubiquitous are Les Assassins en Fauteuils Rollent. A metaphor for
their political attitude, their members deliberately jump back and forth over train tracks while
American trains plow forward. This game steals the legs of young men who have put themselves in
harm's way, and disability is prided over cowardice. Marathe, an AFR member disabled by the Jeu
de Train Prochain, gives a lengthy speech on the how the underlying evils of America are
simultaneous utilitarianism and individualism. By connecting Marathe's limb loss by train and this
speech, he becomes obviously connected to the Trolley Thought Experiment. ... Show more content
This scenario is the most popularly used variation. Comparatively, the "footswitch" variation of the
problem forces test subjects to choose between allowing a train to hit five people or pushing an
uninvolved man onto the tracks to slow the train. A utilitarian would sacrifice one to save the five in
both scenarios. Those who display utilitarian thought in the Trolley Thought Experiment tend to
have decreased sense of responsibility, higher than average levels of testosterone, increased levels of
anger, and low levels of serotonin (Duke). Surprisingly, it is most common in individuals with high
cognitive ability and also prevalent in those suffering cognitive impairment from inebriation

Determinism And Its Effects On Life Paths
In this world our race, location, family, and social class are already predetermined. We do not get to
choose the position we are born into. Since we live in a world where most of our choices are made
for us, some of us are luckier than others. Some people are born to better circumstances in life paths
because of luckier predestined factors and qualities afforded to them. Because of the status in which
we are born into, the journey we set ourselves on in life is a preconceived path that can be very
cumbersome to deviate from. The path may be hard to digress from, but it is still possible for
humans to determine their own outcomes and life paths, because we have free will and free will
allows us to do this. Determinism is the belief that our lives are already decided and set in motion,
and that we can change our actions but are unable to change our destiny that is already set forth.
However, free will is the ability to make our own decisions and set our own paths in life. Similar to
the belief that we decide how we end up and what we do in life, some Christians believe God gives
us free will but he also has our ending fate already set in stone. This perspective definitely conveys
contradictions, because it states that we as people have control over something that is already out of
our control. As a spiritual individual, compared to that of being religious, I believe we as people are
put onto a set path based on social constructions that are created by society.

Examples Of Fatalism In The Breakfast Club
Is It Really Fate? There are 19 major world religions which are subdivided into a total of 270 large
religious groups, and many smaller ones. 34,000 separate Christian groups have been identified in
the world according to David Barrett. Religion is just "faith" or a "belief system" that people have. A
belief system that dates back to early times is, Fatalism. Still seen today in popular movies, books,
T.V. shows and other works of art, fatalism is the belief that, "all things and events are inevitable."
Movies like: The Breakfast Club, Dirty Dancing, and Serendipity all show examples of how
fatalism is still real. In the movie, The Breakfast Club, which is based on five different high school
students, all meeting each other in detention. It is significant that they all different stereotypes
because it later shows how much they are truly alike although they are different. If in the movie, if
the director would have used the same type of students it would not have had the same effect, how
everyone is brought to one place by fate. Even though they student pour out their guts to each other
and realize how much they common, they know that they are not ever going to talk again, that is just
how life works. This movie shows how it is predetermined that the brains stay with the brains, ...
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One of the main characters Baby goes a resort with her parents, while at this resort Baby meets
Johnny, who is her dance instructor and falls in love with him. Later Baby's father finds out she is
seeing Johnny and forbids her from seeing him anymore. Against what her father says, Baby is
determined to perform with Johnny and be with him. In the end of the movie, Baby asks Johnny
about what is going to happen next and what if forces keep them apart, and Johnny replies, "then we
fight harder." This ultimately shows that even though you go through some bumps, if it is fate than
you will end up

Who Is Jan Toorop's Fatalism?
Symbolism is an "artistic and a literary movement that suggested ideas through symbols and
emphasized the meaning behind the forms, lines, shapes, and colors" (theartstory.org). Symbolism
takes form from such as dreams or visions. It is often characterized by the morbid, the dream world,
evil, death, etc. Jan Toorop's Fatalism (wikiart,org) fits into the symbolism movement since it is a
painting of two men on a roof. It gives off an eerie and melancholic feeling with the grey scale
colors. In contrast to the color scheme, the paper has a warm tone to it and there are hints of blue
and green in painting. Jan Toorop was a Dutch artist that worked in various art movements, such as
Symbolism, Art Nouveau, and Pointillism. Although he is often

Examples Of Fatalism In Macbeth
This paper argues that the play Macbeth is driven by fatalism. All of Macbeth actions were driven
by fate and it was his destiny so he had no control of what was going to happen. While research says
the witches prophesied and told Macbeth, this paper says it would have happened even if the
witches didn't tell Macbeth.
Keywords: fatalism, Macbeth and human affairs
Fatalism in Macbeth The general argument made by Shakespeare in his work Macbeth is that
fatalism causes all things to happen. More specifically, Shakespeare argues that Macbeth's future
was guaranteed before the witches told him. He writes "But even so, I'll make doubly sure. I'll
guarantee my own fate by having you killed, Macduff.". In this passage Macbeth is saying that if he
... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
O'Rourke says "His collapse of "tomorrows" into "yesterdays" grounds his fatalism in a denial of
the reality of "time" itself as it is seen within a mortal perspective, and his detachment depends upon
his approximation to a perspective which is superior to temporality and is inhabited, in Macbeth, by
the "weyard sisters." The subversive metaphysics of Macbeth depersonifies this perspective which
sees all time, all tomorrows and yesterdays, as simultaneous––that is, it removes the figure of
"God," or the logos, from that position––but it does so without restoring freedom to human action.
Even after replacing the figure of God with a trio of exaggeratedly fantastic figures that cannot
inspire literal belief, Shakespeare binds all of the action of Macbeth to the vision of these figures.
They do not cause events to occur, but neither can the action of the play be explained without
reference to their prophecies." Shakespeare called the witches weyard––or weyward because it
meant they were fateful and they knew people's fate. When Macbeth sees them they tell him his fate
he doesn't believe them but when he becomes thane of Cawdor he sees truth in the witch's
prophecies. Then when he becomes king he goes and get what he is told is his future and becomes
king but when he goes back to the witches they tell him "Macbeth! Macbeth! Macbeth! Beware
Macduff. Beware the thane of Fife. Let me go. Enough. Be violent, bold, and firm. Laugh at

Essay on The Social Causes of Suicide and Durkheim's Theory
Durkheim was a functionalist, and theorised that a holistic social narrative could be identified which
would explain individual behaviour. He argued that, whilst society was made up of its members, it
was greater than the sum of its parts, and was an external pressure that determined the behaviour of
the individuals within it. At that time, suicide rates in Europe were rising, and so the causes of
suicide were on the agenda. Since suicide is seen as an intrinsically personal and individual action,
establishing it as having societal causes would be a strong defence for Durkheim's functionalist
perspective. Durkheim used the comparative method to study the official suicide rates of various
European countries. While he was not the first to ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Durkheim does not see egoism, altruism, anomie and fatalism as types of suicide, but types of social
structure that highlight the presence or lack of integration and regulation. It must be stressed that
this excess/lack of integration and regulation are not seen as direct causes of suicide, rather
Durkheim sees a number of voluntary deaths in society as inevitable; integration and regulation are
merely prophylactic to suicidal impulses, which when taken to excess or dramatically reduced, fail
to act as a preventative, and so suicides occur. This clarification is an important strength of
Durkheim's theory: it allows the biography of the individuals who kill themselves to vary, while still
explaining underlying pressures/lack of to explain their deaths, and the varying suicide rates
between groups. There are various criticisms of Durkheim's methods and conclusions. His first great
weakness must be seen as his treatment of fatalism. Durkheim himself says it has "little
contemporary importance" (1951: 276), and Bearmann (1991) and Lehmann (1995) note how little
coverage is given to it. Lehmann is particularly condemning, saying, "since fatalism is restricted to
primitives and women, Durkheim finds it uninteresting and relegates it to a footnote" (1995: 918).
One of the main examples Durkheim

The Theme of Fatalism in Antigone
Tragedies involve a regular person experiencing a reversal in fortune because he or she results in a
catharsis arousing fear and pity of the audience. In Greek tragedies, fatalism plays a dominant role
in doing so as one is not a free agent because future(in tragedies, reversal of fortune) is
predetermined – even if one knows and attempts to avoid it.
Antigone is the daughter of the Oedipus and the sister of Polyneices and Eteocles. King Creon
passed a royal edict banning anyone from burying disgraced Polyneices' dead body.
Antigone is portrayed as a heroine rebel who does not fear forces from governments, has a different
mindset to that of Ismene, her submissive sister. She made the choice of burying his brother
Polyneices' body that cost her life instead of leaving it in the open.
When fate puts her in this particular situation, she is forced to defy Creon's edict because she had to
follow the God's law which dictates all dead bodies have to be buried otherwise they will wander
the earth ad infinitum. There appears to be a choice for Antigone, but her mindset was pre
programmed such that fate already chose the path for her even if she believed the choice was made
by her free will. Antigone is also fully aware of her consequences and acknowledges her death and
her supposed fate as it is noted in a conversation between Antigone and Ismene:
ISMENE
O sister, scorn me not, let me but share
Thy work of piety, and with thee die.
ANTIGONE
Claim not a work in which thou hadst no

Fatalism In The Radical Durkheim And C. W. Mills
This is evident in Frank Pearce's chapter "Fatalism" in The Radical Durkheim and C. W. Mills
chapter "The Promise" in The Sociological Imagination as both men place great emphasis on the
fact that our awareness of our everyday lives affect how we behave and react to daily stressors.
However, Pearce's Durkheimianism exceeds what Mill's calls the "sociological imagination" by
demonstrating that all walks of life suffer no matter their employment or social ranking, but in very
different ways. Additionally, Pearce's explanation on fatalism furthers this point by insisting that our
personal experiences are predetermined due to the greater society in which we live in; thus, the
outcome becomes unavoidable (Pearce 2013:126). For this reason, I contend

Importance of Religion in A Lesson Before You Die
A Fatalistic Predisposition before Settling In
In an 1973 interview conducted by Forrest Ingraham and Barbara Steinberg, Ernest J. Gaines states
that although he is not devoutly religious, it is his belief that "for you to survive, you must have
something greater than what you are, whether it's religion or communism, or capitalism or
something else, but it must be something above what you are" (Gaines and Lowe 52). When applied
to the narrator of his subsequent work, A Lesson Before Dying, it would seem that this principle is
reflected in the one thing Grant Wiggins initially holds above himself. I refer, of course, to Grant's
anticipation of the day that he will leave Bayonne in order to start a new life elsewhere, ideally in
the company ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
However, as Grant recounts the events of the trial in a degree of detail that suggests more than mere
inference, this issue becomes more ambiguous. From Grant's description of his aunt and Miss
Emma's thoughts, perceptions and behavior in the courtroom, to his exacting portrayal of Jefferson's
story, including details as specific as the type of wine, "Apple White" (Gaines 4), which prompts the
shooting, as recounted by Jefferson through Grant in third person, to the roughly two pages of direct
quotation that present the defense's closing arguments, we are left with such a complete account of
the trial that it is virtually impossible to believe Grant is not embellishing upon his own
assumptions. Yet with the closing lines of this chapter, "Death by electrocution. The governor would
set the date" (Gaines 9), the credibility of Grant's implicit prediction is authenticated, leaving the
reader with the impression that since the conclusion implied at the beginning is valid, and since the
premises seem plausible, that these premises must at least be grounded in a degree of truth. From
the outset, the marked tendency for Grant's prognostications to ultimately transpire

Marathe's Identity In Jeu De Train Prochain
Given the choice the members of the AFR have made to participate in the Jeu de Train Prochain,
these men are trying to metaphorically counter American fate. They seek to slow what they think of
as the destructive but indefatigable course of capitalist politics, specifically that of dangerous waste
policies that disable Canadians involuntarily. They are both the test subject and footswitch of the
trolley thought problem. Marathe's identity is first and foremost displayed throughout his loyalty to
his separatist organization and his wife, whose costly health issues motivate him in the AFR
(Wallace 88). Born without a skull as a result of pollution "from the toxicities in association of our
country's invasion on paper," she has lived a struggle filled life presumably at American fault
(Wallace 779). He assumes Americans act on the selfishness he possesses, one insatiable by
compromise, and vocally fixates on renouncing utilitarianism. Pages 420 to 430 follow a
conversation between Marathe and ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Incandenza is one of the only characters who arguably embraces predeterminism. In one of only
several passages to use first–person tense, Jim's interior monologue consists entirely of his father
lecturing him. At the age of six (?) he is imprisoned by his parent's use of future tense, having been
told, "you are going to be a great tennis player," "you will be truly great," and "you will be poetry in
motion" (Wallace 158). He inherits his love of film from his mother, who once acted as an extra
alongside Marlon Brando, and his love of tennis from his father. At no time does he stray from
either of these ambitions; he founds the Enfield Tennis Academy and becomes a prolific film maker.
But the chemical influence of depression and alcohol are overall instrumental in his final product.
Addicted to the lure of death by depression and alcoholism, Jim creates Infinite Jest consisting of
two of the things he finds fatally addictive: his mistress Joelle Van Dyne and

How Does Vonnegut Use Irony In Slaughterhouse Five
In the novel Slaughterhouse–Five, by Kurt Vonnegut, Billy Pilgrim experiences time travel
flashbacks due to a negative outcome of serving in Vietnam.Vonnegut creates the character, Billy, in
his novel to portray the negative effects produced by a soldier serving in the army. In
Slaughterhouse–Five, Vonnegut places a twist on the story by demonstrating that war is turned
upside down in order to reveal his opinion that war corrupts soldiers. Vonnegut utilizes irony in the
scene when Billy and other POWs are hiding in a meat locker to emphasize that it is impossible to
escape death. They are hiding in the meat locker due to Dresden being fired on and destroyed. "The
Americans and their guards and Campbell took shelter in an echoing meat locker ... Show more
content on Helpwriting.net ...
Vonnegut plays a twist on these orders from the Tralfamadorians by creating his happier moments
during a stressful period in his life. "Later on in life, the Tralfamadorians would advise Billy to
concentrate on the happy moments of his life, and to ignore the unhappy ones–to stare only at pretty
things as eternity failed to go by. If this sort of selectivity had been possible for Billy, he might have
chosen as his happiest moment his sun–drenched snooze in the back of the wagon" (194). When the
soldiers returned to Dresden following the bombing, they use a horse–drawn coffin–shaped wagon.
Vonnegut states that if it was possible to choose, this is one of his happiest moments. He is riding in
a coffin shaped truck, as if he is going to his death and is unable to escape death. The coffin shaped
truck represents a symbolic death that even the survivors including Billy have experienced. He may
still be alive, but the war killed his innocence. By stating that Billy "might" have chosen this as his
happiest moment, it makes clear the Tralfamadorian belief of fatalism. Billy is unable to alter his life
and cannot even make his decisions about what is going to be the happiest moment in his

Religiosity, Spirituality In African American Women
The research article for this week discussion was "Religiosity, Spirituality, and Cancer Fatalism
Beliefs on Delay in Breast Cancer Diagnosis in African American Women." The researchers used
descriptive statistics, logistic regression analysis, Pearson r correlations, Mann–Whitney U analysis,
and Chi Square analysis to evaluate the data (Gullatte, Brawley, Kinney, Powe, & Mooney, 2010).
Furthermore, the researchers used the Cronbach's alpha coefficient, with is an instrument to evaluate
the internal reliability within the study (Polit & Beck, 2008). Within the study, Cronbach's alpha of
the 15–item subscale was 0.85, Religions Problem Solving Scale (RPSS) was 0.83, and Modified
Powe Fatalism Inventory (mPFI) was 0.72 (Gullatte, ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
The odds ratio is the probability something will occur over the probability that it wont (Plichta &
Kelvin, 2013). Odds ratio should fall in–between the confidence interval, in the study's case it
shows there is no statistical significance in when comparing the odds ratio to the confidence
intervals due to all odds radio falling in–between the confidence intervals. The Pearson test is where
the researcher is able to determine if there is an association between two variables of interval or
ratio measurement (Plichta & Kelvin, 2013). When examining the value calculated by the Pearson
test it is suggested that a value +/– 0.10 is weak, value of 0.30 is moderate or typical, and +/– 0.50 is
considered substantial (Plichta & Kelvin, 2013). Furthermore, we can suggest that if r equals –1
there is a negative relationship, or if r equals 0 there is no relationships, and lastly if r equals +1 it
indicates a positive relationship. In reviewing the relationship between variables, we can conclude
that is there is no relationship between fatalism and religiosity due to r=0.11 and fatalism and
spirituality due to r = 0.106. Furthermore, the p value was set at 0.05 for each of these variables. The
p value for fatalism and religiosity was 0.19 and for fatalism and spiritualty was 0.23, subsequently
since both these values are

Fatalism and Determinism
The way in which life is viewed can change the way in which one reacts to scenarios and interacts
with other beings. Although I do not think simply learning philosophy can change the way I live, I
know that learning and exploring deeper into specific philosophies can completely alter my outlook
on life. Life is a particular type or aspect of people's existence and all beings are living this life as
far as we know. The question I often find myself asking is whether or not we are the ones making
our own choices, living life as we so choose, with no free will at all (determinism), or with our fate
set out for us (fatalism). I would like to believe I am in charge of making my own choices and
everything is either luck of the draw or things come ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Due to the fact that the events that will take place in my life are destined to occur one way or
another, it makes me rethink certain aspects of my own life. My entire outlook on life has changed
based on this one theory. My belief in God which was previously nonexistent has grown immensely
because of philosophy thus changing my outlook on life even more. If one is a believer in an
omniscient being, God, that person is fatalist. Taylor explains, "To say that God is omniscient means
that He knows everything that is true. He cannot, of course, know that which is false," (Taylor, 57).
If God exists and knows all, then if God were to tell someone how, when, where they were going to
die his answer would have to be true. Therefore if God knows all that has happened, whether it is as
minor as an ant being born or as major as the end of the world, God knows all that is involved. One
cannot believe in God and not believe in fate because He knows all that will come in the future and
that is what fate is. However, a determinist will not believe in God, because of this fact. A
determinist sees all the causes of what has happened as random, independent events that have causes
and effects. In the story of Osmo, although he knows what future holds he still cannot avoid it. This
story does not prove the theory of fate, however, it gives an example of how it is unavoidable. A
determinist will believe this story because he knows what fate has set

Owen Meany's Ambiguity Of Religion
"O GOD–WHY HASN'T MY VOICE CHANGED, WHY DID YOU GIVE ME SUCH A VOICE?
THERE MUST BE A REASON." Then he shut his eyes and said: "WATAHANTOWET" Irving
establishes his main purpose as one that highlights the ambiguity created by the never–ending clash
between the natural and the supernatural, by analyzing the lives of Owen Meany, a pseudo–messiah
with firm convictions in spirituality, with regards to his counterpart, John Wheelwright, whose
beliefs are much more ambiguous and skeptical of religion. Most children around the age of eleven
or twelve do not generally question the church from a religious standpoint, that is if most children
are not like Owen Meany. Even from a young age, quite unlike John, Owen could have been viewed
as being ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Owen reveals to John that God wants Owen to go to Vietnam; that he is destined to die there saving
children, saying,"I KNOW THAT I DO GO...IT'S NOT NECESSARILY A MATTER OF
WANTING TO." (Ch.8) Further along the story, however, that Owen does not die in Vietnam, and
instead acts out his dream in Phoenix. Now, for a supernatural being– a "messiah" nonetheless– it is
hard to believe that Owen could possibly be fallible about such a critical aspect of his sole purpose
in life, however he is, and that in itself can be viewed as his naturalistic tendencies clashing with his
supernaturalistic ones, and yet again, this results in the ambiguity that Irving has ingrained in each
and every part of the

Shakespeare's use of the Renaissance Idea of Fatalism and...
Shakespeare's use of the Renaissance Idea of Fatalism and Imagery in King Lear
In a play about individual tragedies, fatalism plays an important part. Shakespeare effectively uses
cosmic imagery to define his characters and to explore the idea of journeys linked to self–discovery
by relating it to the imagery of rotating circles. Shakespeare uses Renaissance theology to explain
character motivation. In the 16th century there was a great belief in astronomy. People believed in
the harmony of the spheres and they were ruled by this idea of thhe natural alignment of the nine
planets in their orbits. Shakespeare incorporates this into "King Lear" in highlighting Edgar and
Gloucester's superstitious ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Edmund turns away from the belief of the alignment of planets and harmonies and towards nature as
that is all he can be really sure of. The fact that Edmund doesn't believe in 'spherical predominance'
proves that he is different to the society around him. Shakespeare takes every opportunity to
emphasise this to distinguish 'evil' from 'good' in the play putting Edmund forward as a character
who is out of harmony. When Gloucester predicts that 'eclipses in the sun and moon' suggesting a
bad omen, Edmund casts aspersions on this idea, accusing the world of 'foppery', describing it as
'excellent' because he sees it as a weakness that he can exploit from his anti–human point of view.
Edmund is also stating that people are fops or fools because they blame their evil and wrong doings,
which is really part of their character 'our own behaviour', on the cosmos. Even though Edmund
does rightly say that
'that when we are sick in fortune–often surfeits of our own behaviour–we make guilty of our
disasters, the sun, the moon and the stars, as if we were villains on necessity, fools by heavenly
compulsion' (Act I.2.117–26)
He declares that men are fools if they evade responsibility for their actions by blaming the stars He
ultimately decides that man is what he is by choice, not by the stars and that he is evil. He
appreciates no fate, only free will. He says that all cosmic followers

Theme Of Accident In Grendel
There are many explanations about why the world and everything function the way they do. People
come up with different answers because of their different beliefs. However, for a period of time,
fatalism was widely accepted, and it began to enter the realm of literature. In the novel Grendel,
John Gardner employs the motifs accident, mechanism, and time to demonstrate that fate controls
all creatures' destiny.
John Gardner explicitly conveys the motif accident to indicate that fate controls all creatures'
destiny. In the last chapter of Grendel, the major difference between Beowulf and Grendel appears
at where Grendel totally attribute his failure in battle to "accident" (169). Grendel thinks that
Beowulf is just a human, and he can beat Beowulf or at least flee away. But Grendel still loses in the
battle due to an accident that he slips on a puddle of blood. Grendel expresses his word to Beowulf
or fate with a sense of irony. He could get away from this situation, but an accident happened and it
brings everything back to the predestined path which predicts that Grendel will lose and die.
Accident is a thing that is not planed or out of expectation which is supposed to lead Grendel out of
the control of fate, but it ironically traps Grendel in the story. Further, John Gardner mention
accident in Grendel's last few words which says that "Poor Grendel's had an accident, (so) may you
all" (174). These words to the animal and also to the readers can be either taken as a curse or

William Shakespeare 's ' Hamlet '
A Man of Action versus A Man of a Thought
Honore de Balzac once said "Most people of action are inclined to fatalism and most of thought
believe in providence." Men of fatalism believe they are powerless to do anything other than what
they believe they are destined to do. These men are more likely to make rash decisions and leave the
rest to fate. On the other hand, men of Providence believe in the guidance of God or nature when
making important decisions rather than the guidance of man. In William Shakespeare's tragedy,
Hamlet, he portrays his characters as having both types of qualities. Characters like Claudius,
Laertes and Hamlet represent the action of men and how audacious they behave. On the other hand,
Shakespeare also uses Hamlet ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Laertes also shows that he is a man of action who believes in fatalism when he is persistent on
finding his father'smurderer. "That both the worlds I give to negligence, /Let come what comes; only
I 'll be revenged / Most thoroughly for my father" (4.5.131–133).He shows that he is ready to
avenge his father's death no matter what it takes, even going as far as taking his anger out on the
King. Finally,Claudius and Laertes, using their belief in fatalism devise a plan to kill Hamlet.The
king suggests that they convince Hamlet into entering a duel with Laertes.Laertes adds to the plan
by offering to use a poisoned uncapped sword so that even if he only managed to scratch Hamlet, it
would still kill him. Claudius also further develops the plan when he comes up with a backup plan
of offering Hamlet a cup of poisoned wine if he wins the duel against Laertes, "And that he calls for
a drink, I'll have prepared him/ A chalice for the nonce; whereon but sipping, / if he by chance
escape your venom'd stuck," (4.7.160–163). Therefore, Claudius and Laertes show that the belief in
fatalism results in negative consequences.
Contrastingly, Hamlet has a belief in only providence. He does not progress in any of the plans he
devises. When he is a man of thought, he over analyzes situations and lets opportunities pass him
by. To

A Cinderella Story: Fatalism Vs. Christianity
Fatalism vs. Christianity The viewpoint on life differs depending on the people you ask. Some will
have a positive outlook, thinking the world is a wonderful place and no wrong can be done. Others,
however, may have a more fatalistic view. Fatalism is the view that life is short, fragile, and
ultimately meaningless. Yet most movies in the modern day era would argue different. According to
movies such as Cyberbully, A Cinderella Story, and Frozen, fatalism is not how society portrays life.
Although most movies end with happy endings, most have a troublesome middle. This is true with
the movie Cyberbully. Throughout the movie, the main character, Taylor, goes through things no
teenager should ever have to go through: bullying. After a failed suicide attempt, things begin to
turn around. A program is made in her honor to help other kids with online bullying, to insure no
one will have a ruined high school career like Taylor did. Even though during the time if the
harassment, a fatalistic view was cast over the movie, the end reveals that the world is not such a
bad place after all. ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
The same thing is fitting in the movie A Cinderella Story. With the same plot as the original
Cinderella movie, Sam has lost her father and is living with her evil stepmother and two evil step
sisters. Despite the fact that life is difficult for Sam growing up, things surely turn around in the end.
With finding her Prince Charming, getting accepted to the school of her dreams, and getting far, far
away from her evil step family, Sam's story proves that the world isn't so fatalistic after

Compatibility of Free Will in The Tenseless Theory of Time...
, The debate between free will and fatalism has existed since the conceptualization of time. On one
hand, in everyday life, time flows in a uniform fashion. People experience time in which there is a
past, present, and a future. Yet, physicists and philosophers see time as something completely
different. In fact, they see time as an illusion. Called the tenseless theory of time, time does not flow
but this theory views time as a fourth dimension where all past, present, and future events are equal
(Callender & Edney, 2004). Essentially, this theory proposes that there is no passage of time and no
becoming of future events. As a result, one can view this theory as a "block" universe in which
every event that has happened, is happening as of ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Thus, if fatalism is about the penultimate outcome, then free will is the process about decision–
making that leads up to the final outcome. Not only does free will exist, it can also be viewed as
compatible with the tenseless theory of time as well. Firstly, fatalism alludes to the idea that what
happened was always going to happen. Fatalism is the view in which it implies there are no alternate
possibilities. The tenseless theory of time is committed to this belief. Yet, this assumption is still
ambiguous. The brain and especially the mind is complex. Experiments done in the field of
neuroscience have tried to resolve this particular question. Can it be shown that what will happen
has already been pre–determined in the mind? One experiment, conducted by Benjamin Libet
(1983), tried to answer this question. In the experiment, he would ask each participant to sit at a
desk in front of a timer. He would put electrodes onto the scalp and ask the participant to carry out a
motor activity, such as a flick of the wrist. He would also ask the participant to note the position of
the timer when the participant felt that they were urged to do the activity. Libet found there was a
200 millisecond delay, on average, between

Comparing Tom Stoppard's Rosencrantz And Guildenstern Are...
We as individuals most certainly believe that we have the ability to choose whatever we desire.It is
in our power to decide between good and bad.We as human beings are more fortunate than other
species with this ability.There are no obligations in our decisions, it is entirely up to us.Philosophers
and psychologist call this ability, Free Will.
On the other hand, most humans understand the fact that everything happens for a reason, every
action has a reaction and the world runs on cause and effect. The leaf on the tree falls because the
wind blow.This "philosophical position" [1] is called Determinism.
A great example of these two features in human lives are amazingly shown in Tom Stoppard's play
and movie, Rosencrantz, and Guildenstern are Dead in 1966. Rosencrantz and Guildenstern feel
stuck in ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
But not working is also a decision we make which has consequences.
Fatalism can also be seen in the character Claudius, the new king of Denmark, Hamlet's uncle who
killed his own brother.
Mortality is of course in everyone's fate but the way you die is what differs you from others.It is
inking's fate to be killed by Hamlet.The ghost of his brother gives the mission to Hamlet and when
he realizes that Hamlet has come for him, he decides to send Hamlet to England, where he will be
executed but since fatalism is much stronger than that Hamlet will not die in England and he will
return to Denmark.
The king tries much time to kill Hamlet, he turned his friends against him, killed his father, later on,
kills his mother as well but nothing will change his fate, every decision he makes is another step
towards his mortality.With every his every decision, Hamlet gets more and more enthusiastic to kill
him.
Rosencrantz and Guildenstern are also stuck in fatalism.With every decision, they get more close to
their fate which is their

Fatalism In Beowulf
Fatalism is the belief that all events are predetermined, therefore they are inevitable. Today, society's
perception of fatalism died with Beowulf. Fatalistic type qualities exist with one's higher power
beliefs, however people still have control of their own endings. Taken, RV, and The Blind Side are
excellent examples of how fate could have taken control of the scenarios in the movies, but did not
because nowadays, everyone makes their own paths. Fate does not exist, the power for us to make
our own decisions does. In the movie Taken, starring Liam Neeson, Liam is faced with an objection
that he must overcome in order to salvage his daughter Kim. This movie is not considered to have a
fatalistic opinion. This is because human traffickers abducted Kim, and she was supposed to end up
being murdered. Due to her dad being a retired CIA agent, he was able to rescue her and defeat the
traffickers in the process. Remarkably it was Kims destiny to die, and Liam proved else wise by
saving her and going against the notion. ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Predetermined outcomes is not exhibited in this movie either. The movies' plot was centered around
Bob lying to his wife in order to save his job. Since his occupation was a priority, Bob cancelled
their families plans to go to Hawaii and they went to Colorado instead. Towards the end of the film,
so much fabrication had occurred up between Bob and the rest of his family that once it all was
revealed, his wife and kids left him to go home. Later he quit his job, as a result of the destruction it
had caused his family, and Jamie and Bob were able to stay together. If fate had taken over this
movie, then Bob and Jamie would have filed for a divorce. Nevertheless they worked it out and
made their own decision, which proved fate

Compatibilism Essays
There are 3 basic views that can be taken on the view of determinism, (1) deny its reality, either
because of the existence of free will or on independent grounds; (2) accept its reality but argue for
its compatibility with free will; or (3) accept its reality and deny its compatibility with free will.In
this paper I am going to be defending the view compatibilism, specifically W. T. Stace's view of
compatibilism.
Compatibilism is the idea that determinism is true, every event in the world is caused, and that free
will still exists. Stace defends this view by saying the problem is the definition of free will. The
current definition of what free will is a completely and wholly uncaused action. However this
obviously would be completely ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
There are a few criticisms that are brought up against this compatibles view; in fact Stace brings up
possible objections himself. The first that I will consider is that there are some cases that are
borderline. For example, if somebody has a gun and puts it to your head and commands you to do
something it seems that you would have to do it even though the person with the gun is not
physically forcing you to do it. However I do not believe this to be a borderline case at all, even if
someone is holding a gun to your head you are still making the decision to do whatever it is that
they are telling you to do. It is still of your own mental state that you will do it out of your own
perceived state that whatever they are asking you to do would be preferable to your own death. The
second objection that he presents is that if you could somehow know that somebody was going to do
an action before they did it (even though this itself is very hard to believe) then how could they have
done otherwise. However I do not understand how this is detrimental to this argument of
compatibilism. Obviously if someone somehow new 100% for sure that you were going to do
something then to even ask if the person could have done otherwise is completely absurd, they
obviously would have, as in the first part of the statement its said that they couldn't. Basically saying
that hypothetically you will do an action with

1984
"In the face of pain there are no heroes" George Orwell's 1984 is a brilliant commentary on the
dangers of totalitarianism, mind control, technology and both physical and psychological
manipulation. The novel's protagonist, Winston Smith, is a very pensive and curious man. He is
desperate to uncover the roots behind the twisted caste system that has been set in place by an
organization called the Party. The Party demonstrates absolute control over every aspect of life in
Oceania (formerly London). They are a totalitarian organization using language as a mind control
device as well as psychological and physical intimidation and manipulation in order to keep its
citizens, or effectively its slaves, in line. One thing always holds true ... Show more content on
Helpwriting.net ...
He goes to unbelievable lengths in order to rebel against the Party. He commits various crimes
throughout the book ranging from simply writing, "Down with Big Brother" in is illegal diary to
having a forbidden love affair with a woman named Julia and everything in between. He even gets
himself accepted into the anti–Party brotherhood. However, it is only through the great efforts that
Winston goes through carrying out his rebellion that the true effect of the power of the party can be
seen. The beginning of the parties control stems from their ability to use language as a mind control
device. In Oceania, "if you want to keep a secret, you must also hide it from yourself." The Party
implements a new language called "Newspeak" which simply eliminates any potentially disloyal
words from the vocabulary. Orwell uses this to illustrate the point that language is the most crucial
part in the generation of unique and original human thought. Without language, the formation of
thought is nearly impossible. Even the conceptualization of an idea questioning the Party's absolute
power is made impossible by Newspeak. Therein lies another issue; once the Party controls
language they have the ability to exercise psychological and physical intimidation and manipulation
over the society. Winston comes to a terrifying realization, nothing is worse than physical pain, "for
after all, how do we know that two and two make four? Or, that they force of gravity works? Or that
they

The 's Usage Of Chance And Coincidence As The Mode Of...
Lermontov's usage of chance and coincidence as the mode of expression of fate can be seen
explicitly in "Princess Mary" and "The Fatalist," both short stories from Pechorin's journal.
"Princess Mary" retells the story of the time that Pechorin spent in the town of Pyatigorsk, a spa
town located in the Caucases. In Pyatigorsk, Pechorin encounters an old acquaintance of his,
Grushnitsky, who Pechorin secretly dislikes despite his veil of friendship. Also present in the town
are Princess Ligovskaya and her daughter, the titular Princess Mary. Princess Ligovskaya and
Princess Mary are very wealthy and normally live in Moscow, where they live as eminent socialites.
Grushnitsky is instantly captivated by the young Princess Mary and gradually ... Show more content
Pechorin, now anxious at the probability of his survival, loses the toss and thus stations himself on
the edge of the cliff. Pechorin, now doubting that he will survive, gazes upon Grushnitsky with a
degree of aristocratic fear, waiting for Grushnitsky to shoot. However as Grushnitsky stands just six
paces from the unarmed Pechorin, he loses his resolve to kill and exclaims, "I can't do it"
(Lermontov 123). Yet he turns back toward Pechorin and fires capriciously, merely grazing
Pechorin's knee and causing him no harm. Knowing that Grushnitsky's second did not load his
pistol, Pechorin has the pistol loaded and proceeds to kill the unrepentant Grushnitsky.
Chance and Coincidence are thus used by Lermontov as the mode of expression of Fate in "Princess
Mary." It was not fated for Pechorin to die at the hand of Grushnitsky, thus chance compelled
Grushnitsky to lose his will to kill Pechorin. Additionally, chance causes Grushnitsky's random shot
at Pechorin to merely graze Pechorin's leg. Because Pechorin was not predestined to die in this duel,
everything unfolded precisely the way it needed to in order to insure Pechorin's continued well–
being. Conversely, the events of the duel occurred in such a way that assured Grushnitsky's death,
illustrating his predestination to die during the duel. Firstly, Pechorin would not have been able to
shoot Grushnitsky if he did not know that a bullet had not been loaded into his gun. Pechorin only
gained

Justice Of God By Ayatullah Naser Makarer
Within Justice of God by Ayatullah Naser Makarer Shirazi, the Justice of God is analyzed through
many subtopics of philosophies which all connect back to Allah's attribute of being 'Adl or Just.
Justice has two meanings that differ throughout the span of the book. The first one is "to put
everything in its place" which in other words means to balance and create symmetry between
everything. The second definition is "following individual rights" which means everyone deserves
to be treated equally and the opposite of that would be to take away their rights and only allow a
sole group those rights. Now the significance of God's Justice is neither to remove all the rights or
give all the rights to one group that's discriminated against others. ... Show more content on
Helpwriting.net ...
Their are many sources of oppression and how it starts. These include ignorance, need, inability, and
selfishness. Sometimes the oppressor is ignorant of what he is doing and in truth does not know
what they are doing. Another one is that if the oppressor has to commit this act in order to attain
something that someone else has which results in oppression, but if he was self– sufficient they
would have no need to commit oppression. Inability is when someone is not willing to have the
rights of another taken but can't do anything about it, so he has to commit oppression. Selfishness is
when someone is bearing a grudge against a group of people like seeking revenge so they commit
oppression against that group of people. These are the many reasons why oppression occurs within
this world.
One philosophy discussed are natural calamities such as earthquakes, hurricanes, and tsunamis
which happen all over the world and are used to prove that Gods's Justice did not exist. They also
used natural disasters to prove that God doesn 't exist. Another philosophy which is examined in this
publication is the difficulties faced in life and how the justice of God justifies them. For example,
war is terrible and tears apart lives but sometimes a difficult and long war causes a nation to
blossom and become united due to that difficulty. If we analyze the lives of the most successful
people in this world, behind them we will see many failures

Free will vs. Determinism
Free will vs. determinism is an argument as complex, intertwined, and co–dependent as nature vs.
nurture or the age–old question of whether it was the chicken or the egg that came first.
Philosophers have contemplated the question for ages, and arrived at no satisfactory answer.
While considering which topic to address for this assignment, I posed the question of free will vs.
determinism to a philosopher friend, whose response was "I don't care." He feels that the question is
not worth asking because it will not impact our actions anyway. Which ultimately makes him
somewhat of a determinist I suppose, though I'm sure he would disapprove of being classified as
such.
In the end, I settled on the topic of free will vs. determinism ... Show more content on
Helpwriting.net ...
Perhaps this is true, but it seems quite unsatisfying.
Determinism, on the other hand, does offer consolation in times of disappointment. You didn't get
the job you wanted? Unrequited love? Disfigured for life by a random act of violence? Something
better will come along. The Universe has a different plan for you. It was God's will. In the end
though, these platitudes are no more satisfying than the idea that we are completely free.
If everything we do is predetermined, then where is the incentive to reflect on ones actions, learn
from mistakes, or take initiative? What difference will it make if we prepare well for the interview –
if we are the 'right fit' for the organization, we'll get the job. Our soul mate, if it is our destiny to
have one, will find us. It is in God's plan that Dr. Phil's sister–in–law is disfigured for life, and it is
not our place to question His will.
If our behavior is determined by a compilation of preexisting circumstances beginning with birth, as
Skinner (text, pg. 153) and Freud (text, pg. 158) argue, then nothing we do can change the outcome
of a situation, and our behavior in any given situation is a product of every situation we have found
ourselves in previously.
Determinism is certainly comforting, especially when one does not want to take responsibility

Fatalism In Robert Graves I, Claudius
Fatalism is the belief that all events are predetermined and are inevitable. Throughout history
fatalism has shaped the founding and fall of of many empires, cultures, and peoples. Out of these,
The Roman Empire has probably been the most influenced by fate. In Robert Graves' I, Claudius,
fatalism shapes the destiny of one man, who after complications with family and friends, fighting
against tyranny, and fate, sees himself become emperor of Rome. Fatalism plays a major role in the
narrative structure of the story. In the first few pages of the story, Claudius explains to the readers
that everything which happens throughout the story was already predetermined and leads up to an
inevitable prophecy (Grade Saver). The prophecy stated by the ... Show more content on
Helpwriting.net ...
Claudius in the very beginning of the story introduces himself as the "runt" of the royal family.
Graves describes Claudius in the story as," known to my friends as and relatives and associates as
"Claudius the Idiot", or "That Claudius", or "Claudius the Strammerer", or "Clau–Clau–Claudius" or
at best as "Poor Uncle Claudius", am now about to write this strange history of my life (1)" This
description of Claudius at the very beginning of the story shows that when he [Claudius] first wrote
the story that he decided to begin with that because describing himself as an idiot would tie into the
story as to how he became emperor of Rome. As stated by Eas–Hard," It builds to a natural climax
as the protagonist who calls himself," the cripple, the Strammerer, the fool of the family" is
proclaimed emperor by notorious Roman soldiers after the assassination of Caligula (British
Novel)." Eas–Hard was stating that the guy who calls himself an "idiot" will eventually be
proclaimed emperor by the Roman soldiers through decision. The decision is made based on the
concept of fate, that and the tyranny and betrayal that has been going on for about fifty plus years.
Claudius after everything that has occurred in the Roman Empire is the best and logical choice to be
the leader of Rome. Livia had a big hand in the decisions that

Faith Vs. Fatalism: Que Sera, Whatever Will Be !
Faith versus Fatalism Can you remember this song? "Que Sera, Sera, Whatever will be, will be. The
future's not ours, to see. Que Sera, Sera!" Doris Day sang this song, and since 1956 it has been a
worldwide hit. It has become, as it were, the theme song for fatalism. Now fatalism is the view that
whatever is going to happen, is going to happen, no matter what we do. It is the acceptance of all
things, and all events, as inevitable. It is a submission to fate. "Que Sera Sera" – Spanish for
"Whatever Will Be, Will Be!" Remember that faith (which always pleases God) has an opposite –
fear. Fatalism is related to fear, it follows it closely. My experience lately has been that the material
world we live in has turned many people, even certain Christians, into fatalists. Many people live in
a constant state of fear, sickness, poverty and hopelessness. ... Show more content on
Helpwriting.net ...
To them this is their reality and lot in life – fatalism has become their dominant way of thinking.
The Bible challenges us with a different worldview. God has indeed endowed us with the capability
to affect change in our lives. We have not been delivered over to "will of the gods", as Greek
mythology would have us believe. Again and again we read in the Bible: "If My people will humble
themselves...", "If you abide in Me and My Words abide in you...", "If we walk in the light as He is
in the light...", "If we confess our sins..." Harold Vaughn writes: "God works in and through His
people in accordance to their faith and their obedience. There is an inevitable cause and effect
sequence that God has set in motion in His creation. What you and I choose to do, has repercussions
both in time and eternity. Humans have been given freedom of choice, which means we can choose
God's will or our own

Free Will : Causal Determinism, Fatalism, And...
On Free Will: Causal Determinism, Fatalism, and Compatibilism.
The philosophical questioning of free will is really a matter of the volition of man. That is, free will
is a central dogma that many subscribe to that empowers them to be accountable for their own lives
and that provides meaning to something that is largely unknown. Free will proves to be a profound
and highly debated topic in the philosophical realm. Whether free will truly exists or not is largely
implicating in how one perceives the world and, even, other more life–defining topics. Though there
is great debate on free will, the following argues that the philosophical belief of compatibilism
rationalizes the most logically sound stance upon free will.
If one takes in to account the four main positions on agency and volition: free will, causal
determinism, fatalism, and compatibilism then it can be seen readily that the debate on the matter is
rather impassioned by the variance of perspectives. The first stance upon volition is that man has
free will. That is to say, man is entirely in full control of his abilities to choose whether it be in their
actions, behaviors, thoughts, and their opposing lack of action, behavior, or thought. In other words,
this one of the most common stances as it promotes self–agency and responsibility. Free will argues,
at its most absolute form, that even hunger is a choice that a person is making to feel that. On the
opposite spectrum lay determinism and fatalism. Although, this

Difference Between Theological Fatalism And Free Will Essay
In this paper, I will argue that it is almost impossible for someone to be free while all of his/her
actions are predicted by a higher being in such a way that he/she does not have the choice of
choosing between various courses of actions. In other words, I don't think that the concept of a fore
knowledgeable god and the concept of free will can be maintained together. First, I will broadly
describe free will. Second, I will explain, through the argument of theological fatalist, why there
might be a possibility, regardless of their opinion, have ever been free. Then, I will explain the
dilemma that there is between theological fatalism and free will. In addition, the Frankfurt solution
will be explained. Finally, critics of the Frankfurt solution will be mentioned and critiqued.
To begin with, free will is broadly defined as being able to choose between different courses of
actions without being restrained by any physical or divine forces ("Free Will", n.d.).
In addition, there is an argument called the theological fatalism argument that states that there is a
perfect supreme being who predicts all human courses of actions ("Fore Knowledge and Free Will",
n.d.). From this argument, we might conclude that none of us have ever been free since all human
acts were predicted in advance by a divine being. Thus, leaving us unfree of choosing between
various possible courses of actions. Here are the basic premises of theological fatalism:
1) Yesterday God infallibly believed that a

Free Will In Sophocles Oedipus The King
The Illusion of Free Will in Sophocles' Oedipus the King
Does free will truly exist? Or is free will simply a construct created by humans? A plethora of
professionals that study metaphysics have debated the controversial topic on just what exactly the
human mind is capable of.
Sophocles' Oedipus the King tells the story of a king who is destined to kill his father and marry his
mother. Kurt Fosso, author of "Oedipus Crux: Reasonable Doubt in Oedipus the King" explores the
theory of determinism in Sophocles' Greek tragedy. In contrast, P.H. Vellacott leans toward a
fatalistic point of view in his article, "The Guilt of Oedipus." Personally, in the case of Oedipus, free
will was an illusion as he was ultimately doomed to fulfill the prophecy.
Kurt Fosso requires his class to read the Greek tragedy, Oedipus the King. Time after time, his
students will rely on the ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
P.H. Vellacott notions that "The terrible destiny of Oedipus is shown as one put upon him by
supernatural powers in general, by that comprehensive Fate which governs every man's life."
(Vellacott, 139). All the events that take place during our lives are not a result of coincidence. For
example, Oedipus finding himself at the place where three roads meet is not due to bad luck; he was
fated by a super natural power. Outside forces are responsible for all that is malevolent and virtuous
in our lives.
From a fatalistic point of view (like that of Vellacott's), Oedipus' free will was nonexistent since the
beginning. This doesn't mean that Fosso's determinist mentality is wrong. Oedipus was a victim; a
pawn of the gods. Unfortunately, everything he did or could have done lead him closer to
actualizing the prophecy. It is unlikely that we will ever know whether humans do in fact have free
will. In the meantime, we can choose to believe that free will exists; even if our fate is already
written in the

Fatalism In The Lady Finger
Joint family and close association between family members is the greatest characteristics of the
Pakistani society. Sdiqa's house was a big house. Many relatives visited this house and stayed there.
Particularly in case of some ceremony or distress, many relatives came to share such occasions.
Sadiqa's friendship with Imran came out an account of his characteristic. Thus the story, The Lady
Finger presents a true picture of our society in a very convincing manner.
The story, The Lady Finger, has the characteristics of both fatalism and feminism. But the fatalism
has been dealt with loudly. In other words, the story opens with romantic of an adopted girl and
proceeds along the growth of the girl. The story writer develops the story the story taking the norms
of society into account. Certainly, human beings around girl, though unconsciously, are taking the
girl. However, the greater cause of the girl's troubles is not human beings. It is her fate.
Feminism or the subject treating the troubles of women has been covered from various angels. For
example, in Pakistan, girls are married before they reach maturity. Such early marriage does not
allow girls to grow socially as well as educationally and they fall ... Show more content on
Helpwriting.net ...
Sadiqa though remember her foster mother and the romance she told her very tenderly, yet she feels
that her life was frustrating. She says. "Now that I am old it (romance or imaginary story) makes me
think of my mother with great tenderness in spite of the events through which she passed masks her
sorrows and frustration. Further no doubt that the lady finger is the life story of an individual
woman; still it is an account of the dilemma of women in Pakistan. In other words the subject of the
story is feminism. The story deals with the subject at true levels. First, it brings miseries of women
to light. Second, it suggests remedies of these miseries as

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