The Concept Of The American Family

The Concept Of The American Family
Ashley Guy
Professor Edwards
EN 101–2
4 December 2014
Transracial Adoption
Introduction:
Over the years, the concept of the American family has undergone a radical transformation. The change in the concept of the American family is now
reflecting society's acceptance that just 50 years ago was impossible to even imagine. We are now accepting the unification of blacks and whites and
are coming to terms with homosexuality and the unification of a more diverse family. Among all divisions of society, there is a greater acceptance of
the differences in families from single parenting to blended families to same sex parenting of children, but there is still some controversy in racism that
can cause problems in the adoption process.
A majority of ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Adoption offers new opportunities for children who have been left behind by their biological parents to grow up with a more fitting family that will
love and accept them for who they are.
Transracial Adoption:
Much like the apples, adoption ranges greatly. There are now five types of adoptions: Agency, Independent, Step Parent, International, and Open
Agency Adoption. An international adoption or transracial adoption is defined as, "the joining of racially different parents and children together in
adoptive families" (Silverman 104). Among the five types of adoptions, international adoption is considered a controversial topic.
Good or Bad?
I personally find adoption to be a positive issue that is turned into a negative issue due to the comments toward diversity. I also believe that in the
future, people will be more accepting towards a more diverse family whether it is towards their sexuality, age, and/ or appearance. Slowly, but
surely, we are becoming more open to different races coming together, and with that said, we are adjusting to social circumstances. Blacks and whites
are now going to the same schools, and even getting married. I feel as though we are more open and accepting to different things, so why not have
the same marriage, or adopt children of different races? I feel as though families in the future are going to shy away from the more "traditional" family
and become a lot more diverse and unique through

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Essay on Transracial Adoption
In 1991 a study was conducted using 916 respondents to find attitudes towards transracial adoption. . 71% of those surveyed believed that race
should not be a factor in who should be allowed to adopt a child. However, those respondents in a highest age category, such as 64 or older, were 63%
less likely to approve of transracial adoption, compared to the younger age category. African–American women were 84% less likely than
African–American men to approve of transracial adoption. Caucasian men were 72% less likely to approve. The importance and practice to
considering transracial adoptions, and having transracial populations is discussed. Areas of consideration areas follows: Background, History and ...
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Adopting a child of another race is of special interest, and should be carefully considered. Many questions regarding the background of minority
children need to be answered before following through with an interracial adoption. For instance, Should minority–group children be adopted by
parents of another race? Can the parents provide the racial and ethnic identity that children need to cope with racism? Are cultural experiences and
racial identity important to the well being of a child? Are these children better off than they would be if left to live in the foster–care or institutional
system? Does placing the child with the same race discriminate against the child? Will these children experience any long term disadvantages if
adopted outside their race. As the study shows, many questions should be answered before considering a transracial adoption.
In 1972 the National Association of the Black Social Workers opposed adoptions of another race. This issue expanded efforts among adoption
practitioners and policymakers to bring about more same–race adoptions. Then, in the 1980s, efforts increased by transracial adoption advocates to
remove race and ethnicity as considerations. Results of experiential studies have varied and are often surrounded by limitations.
Previous studies show that people in the United States are divided evenly between those who approve of transracial adoptions and those who do not.
These findings have been

The Effects Of Children Adopted From Dissimilar Hereditary...
Many families have no descendant of their own due to certain reasons and some desire to give some children a good opportunity. There are many
families adopting different race children who have cross–culture living and in some cases problems are appearing which affects their progress from
childhood to adolescence. Starting with the increase in ethnic adoption, there will discussed possible causes and effects of the issue. The article
observed that children adopted from dissimilar hereditary family may have problems for instance social, culture and language that affect their lives
because they are different from other children in society. Although the effect on children could be a critical event in their childhood, those problems
can be taken care of by better fostering from adoptive families. Then we shall consider the reason why childhood of these kids is different from native
children, before explaining the connection between ethnic adoption and problems that might happen when they grow up. Finally, this essay will
summarise causes of this issue and consider some effects as to how these problems could happen in short and long terms.
In recent years, the adoption rate has gradually increased. According to The AFCARS (Adoption and Foster Care Analysis and Reporting System),
statistics reported that from September 2008 to 2012 number of children in foster care quietly decreased (The AFCARS, 2012), which showed many
families adopting slightly increased every year. Including

Interracial Adoption Is A Controversial Issue For Decades Now
One of the most common scenarios we think of when hearing the phrase, "transracial adoption", is a white family bringing an African American baby
into their home. However, that is not always the case. Transracial adoption means the joining together of racially diverse parents and children together
into an adopted family. Many families have had the life changing opportunity of adopting a child into their home, whether the child is African
American, Chinese, or Vietnamese, that has shaped the family into something even stronger. People should consider interracialadoption because
children are able to benefit from a different ethnic background as well as provide a cultural abundant experience for the whole family.
Interracial adoption has been a controversial issue for decades now. Segregation plays a big aspect when thinking about how problems with this
concept started being portrayed. People believe that when you start to associate different races in a family, the racial identity of the children can start to
diminish. However, it is understood that a transracially placed child, and a biracial child in particular, is in the best position to see the commonality
between their race and their adoptive race and the barriers to communication, respect, and understanding between the two (Forde–Mazrui). If they are
old enough to have been a part of and experienced life in their culture, they will be able to make connections between the two races. On the other hand,
this all depends

Interracial Adoption Research Paper
Nadia Heckman
Mrs. Baldwin
ENG 102
21 February 2017
Interracial Adopting
Say one were looking to adopt a child, and they had the choice to adopt interracially, would they go for it or deny it ? Many people may say "a child
is a child it doesn't matter the race." , just to make it sound good, but in reality most people would probably decline that offer. Adoption provides a child
in need with a loving family. Interracial adoption has became one of the biggest disputes that people who qualify to adopt face today. Interracial
adoption is also known as transracial adoption, it is when a child is adopted by a family with a different cultural or racial background. Only a selected
few have stepped out of their comfort zones and have chosen to adopt ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
This was seen as a new way to create the sense that the adoptive parents conceived these children. The similarities, was said to make adoptive
families more stable and less likely to be stigmatized as different from the norm (Interracial adoption). Due to high adoption rates of people only
adopting the children from their own races, there is a much larger amount of children when choosing to adopt from different races. Majority of the
children that get adopted are usually of the white backgrounds. What that means is there are many more childrens of the different races that are
available and need to be adopted. People waiting to adopt "non–minority" children are often put on waitlists that can take

Interracial Adoption Research Paper
Love is Achromatic Have you ever felt unwanted? Well, many children who wait in foster care often times feel this way. Transracial adoption can
help them find a loving home. I believe that race should not be a factor in adoption. My first reason is that children from interracial adoptions can
keep their heritage by incorporating it in their everyday life. When children are adopted by parents of another race, it can be difficult to stay true to their
heritage. If they tie it into their everyday life, they can learn about their family roots and how their life may have been. One way heritage could be
involved is by learning their native language. My second reason is with race being in consideration, kids generally have to wait longer to be

The Impact Of Transracial Adoption
I think it is great that celebrities are adopting children from Africa. The most important issue should be that they are provided with a higher quality of
life. If celebrities are providing these children with a loving, caring, nurturing environment that meets their needs it will have a positive impact in their
lives. Also, it is important if African children develop protective factors such as having a secure attachment relationship with a supporting parent.
Protective factors can thus be conceived as "moderators of risk and adversity that enhance the chance for normative developmental outcomes in
children" (Rutter, 1987. p.316). However, an issue that arises is the impact it will have on the culture of African children. An additional concern is how
they will cope with their adoptive position. Additionally, transracial and international adoptees may feel less integrated into theirfamily, resulting in
low self–esteem (Juffer, 2007. p.1067).This often includes problems associated with the lack of similarity ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
couples have adopted a much wider diversity of children from other countries, from other ethnic groups. A question is what impact is this having on the
development and racial identity development of African children. Adolescent who are adopted very early in their lives are more likely to have positive
outcomes. The majority of adopted children including those transracially adjust effectively (Santrock, 2014. p.290). Transracial adoption has been
surrounded by controversy and criticism which have declared that African children in White homes were cut off from the healthy development of their
identity. Parents must protect their children against the racist's insults and practices. They should empower and give African children the
understandings and tools of the racial challenges of this world. This will prepare them with positive strategies to engage inevitable situations that they
will encounter throughout their

Adoption : Should Cross Cultural Adoptions Be Sanctioned...
Adoption – should cross–cultural adoptions be sanctioned or not? (Page 104).
I do not believe that cross–cultural adoption should be sanctioned, but it is an extremely controversial issue. I believe adoption agencies throughout
the world and their governments must work together to create rigorous policy to ensure the safety of the children, and set a quality standard for
parents looking to adopt. Sanctions are to impose a penalty, or threaten with a penalty for disobeying rules (Dictonary.com, 2017). I believe imposing
sanctions on those looking to adopt would deter them from adopting at all, and that child may never be placed in a home. I believe that if cross–cultural
adoption is an option for couples, then the culture heritage of that ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Cross–cultural adoption is positive and serves children's best interest especially when faced with state sponsored care (Policy Statement, 2008). There
is research indicating that those raised within state sponsored care are more likely to have negative self–image, behavior, emotional, and physical
maladaptation (Policy Statement, 2008). Between the ages of 3 and 7 children are more likely to notice emotional responses associated with racial
groups and evaluate what that means to them (Baxter, 2017, para. 5). If there is no dialogue regarding race, children will be confused on how to express
their feelings towards race or they may be too preoccupied with racial categories and develop anxiety (Baxter, 2017, para. 5).
Cross–culture adoption, and adoption in general, is an alternate way for couples to have a child. It helps that child find a loving home, and the
adoptees in many cases treat their adoptive parents as their real parents. It is a responsibility of the parents to be aware of their own privilege and
understanding the concepts of race. By stifling their child's questions about their own racial identity this can lead to an increase in depressive
symptoms within that child (Lee, Grotevant, Hellerstedt, Gunnar, 2006). By promoting Enculturation as "[A] practice of promoting ethnicity–specific
experiences that encourage the development of a positive ethnic identity" (Lee, et. Al., 2006,

Ethical Issues In Transracial Adoption
Children adoption practice has been there since time immemorial. In the adoption process, children move from their family, culture, and sometimes
racial backgrounds to the new environment of the adopting parents. Ethical decision making is essential in the post–placement support for the
birthparent to educate them on the life–long issues they must face related to offering their children for adoption. The adoptive family must also get
helped to make ethical decisions regarding the choice of agency to involve in the adoption process, the life–long effects of adopting a child and the
type of adoption to employ. The whole adoption process must also be done by the law of the land to make sure that the privileges and rights of all the
parties involved ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
A social worker should refer to the ethics model of decision making that guides one into making ethically acceptable decisions effectively (Congress,
1999). The ethics model involves the following five steps. Firstly, one should examine the personal, societal, agency, client and professional values
affected by the decision. Secondly, one should think about what ethical standards of the National Association of Social Workers code of ethics apply as
well as relevant laws and case decisions. Thirdly, hypothesize about possible consequences of different decisions. Fourthly, identify who will benefit
and who gets harmed given social works commitment to the most vulnerable. Lastly, consult with supervisor and colleagues about the most ethical

Arguments Against Transracial Adoption
Henry Ford once said, " At that point, a child is eligible for adoption and can be placed with a family that can love the child and raise the child."
What this quote says is that a child should be placed with any family that can love it and raise it. If race was not so significant, a higher percentage
people would be eligible to adopt, meaning that more kids will be adopted. The happiness of the children should also be of greater importance that the
race of the future parents. Despite this, there will always be people who are against transracial adoption. A few of them say that a child with adoptive
parents who are of a different race are more likely to suffer an identity crisis. Overall, transracial, or interracial, adoption is better for children in
orphanages or the foster care system. ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
If race was taken into stronger consideration, the chances of getting adopted,would, for some, drop drastically, while, for others would increase.
Another important point is that if transracial adoption more encouraged, the percentages of race adopted would even out. Today's society has
decided that it is more appropriate to raise a child of the same race and, consequently, only 20% of adoptees are African American, while 41% are
Caucasian. Often times, a child will go for two to three years waiting to be adopted, if at all, and they are not always adopted by people of the same
race. This is because interracial adoptions are becoming slightly more common, but there are still people who don't think people are fit to raise children
of another race. Even though adoptions wouldn't stop all together, they would very likely decrease significantly if transracial adoptions

Kim Phagan-Hansel's Argument Against Transcultural Adoption
Introduction
When adopting a child, you can adopt from many different backgrounds and countries. Historically, it is uncommon for white families to adopt a child
of colour or a child of a different culture than their own. Until recently, it was uncommon for white people to even be friends with people of colour.
Transcultural adoption has many issues as well as well as many benefits. The goal of my research is to explain all the effects, both good and bad, and
evaluate whether it's ethical to adopt transcultural.
Arguments against transracial adoption and the ways we can fix it
According to "Psychological Issues Faced By Adopted Children And Adults" by Allan Schwartz, there are many challenges a child will face when not
exposed to their culture. ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
This source helps to understand how there are things out there to bring children closer to their culture. The American Adoption Agency has an article
named Transracial Adoption in America. It gives examples of each type of transracial adoption and the way that they should handle adoption from this
culture. It also states tips given by experts in order to help the parents understand the differences in culture. "Families considering transracial adoption
should also note that adopting a child of a different race also comes with its own set of unique considerations. They should be prepared to teach their
adopted child about their ethnicity and should foster a home environment that is open and loving of all races and cultures. As the child grows, adoptive
parents should be prepared to answer questions their child may have about their own ethnic and cultural identity" (American Adoption,

Transracial Adoption Research Paper
Transracial Adoption: Beneficial or Detrimental? Many children in the United States and throughout the world have been orphaned, put under foster
care, or had something similar happen that results in the child being alone, in a sense. These children will often be entered into an adoption agency. All
the children on the records of these adoption agencies have something in common no matter what race or religion they are a part of; they all need a
home and a family. Through adoption any person of any race can provide a child of a different ethnicity or of the same ethnicity as himself or herself,
so long as he or she qualifies; however, the ethnicity of a child in comparison to his or her adoptive parent or parents may affect the ability of the ...
However, transracial adoption provides a home and family to the children in need of such things, and if his or her family members are willing to
work hard, transracial adoption can be a beneficial option for a child in need. It is difficult to raise a child of a minority race when one does not
have the right resources, and many people are against transracial adoption, each for his or her own reasons and beliefs. Adopting a child of a
different race can also be very rewarding, opening up opportunities for the family of the adopted child to learn more about race and the cultural
background of their new family member. No matter what side one takes, it is difficult to deny that adoption is a way by which children with nothing
can have a home and loving

In "Races isn't what defines me: exploring identities choices in transracial, biracial, and monoracial families", Butler–Sweet, Colleen explains that there
has been a controversial issue in the United Sates for more than half a century, among black children raised in white homes. The author's main claim is
that transracial adoption will miscarry a black identity. Comparing experiences among monoracial, biracial, and transracial families on black identity.
Many critics of Transracial adoption debate that white families are not capable to benefit black children develop a black identity role. Because white
people do not know the feeling of having been discriminated or criticized among black children. So the author feels that white people cannot ... Show
more content on Helpwriting.net ...
For example, Shreya, a middle–class biracial woman. Admits that race is important to how others see her, but not that important. She comes from 2
parents who were different races. Her dad was black and mom white. When she was younger she didn't fit into neither black nor white. People often
even mistaken her as Hispanic. She realized race is how people identified her, but she didn't let that interfere in the way she saw herself as a feminist
first than an activist. She didn't see race as important. All the three groups down categorized race on their

Persuasive Essay On Transracial Adoption
Adoption is the social, emotional, and legal process in which children who will not be raised by their birth parents become full and permanent legal
members of another family while maintaining genetic and sometimes psychological connections to their birth family (www.childwelfare.gov).
Transracial adoption, or adopting outside one's own race, has become prevalent in today's society, especially among celebrities. For example, Angelina
Jolie and Brad Pitt, are White celebrities,who have adopted multiple children of varied races including African and Asian. This trend of transracial
adoption has sparked global debates as to whether or not celebrities and other individuals should adopt children that are not of the same race. Many
people ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
The National Association of Black Social Workers (NABSW), for example, argue that transracial adoption is, in essence, a form of race and
cultural genocide, claiming that children will not develop proper skills to survive in a society that is racially biased specifically against them. As a
result the NABSW passed a resolution in 1972 calling for an end to the transracial adoption of African American children (Lee 2015). The NABSW
feels that Black children should be raised by Black parents and express concern that Black children raised in White homes would fail to develop
effective coping strategies to deal with racism and discrimination and would experience subsequent identity conflicts as they grew older. The idea is
that the very basis of the upbringing does not convey the true thoughts, ideas and behaviors of the "real world". In addition to the argument against
transracial adoption, the NABSW also challenges traditional adoption practices and raises questions about institutionalized racism within the adoption
profession. They question the criteria and the basic existing evaluation criteria for prospective adoptive couples that routinely prevented Black families
from qualifying, and stated that even though prospective Black adoptive families did exist, adoption agencies were not only failing to recruit them and
were, in fact, denying them in favor of white

Essay on International Adoption
The birth of a girl has never been a cause for celebration in China, and stories of
peasant farmers drowning newborn girls in buckets of water have been commonplace for
centuries. Now, however, as a direct result of the one–child policy, the number of baby
girls being abandoned, aborted, or dumped on orphanage steps is unprecedented. Adopting Internationally
Adoption is procedure by which people legally assume the role of parents for a person who is not their biological child. Adopted children become full
members of their adopted family and have the same legal status as biological children.
Although
the majority of people who adopt are married couples, many single people also adopt.
Many people seek to adopt ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
In a few, well–publicized cases in the United States, biological parents have attempted to reclaim their child years after it was adopted, adding to the
worries of prospective parents (Adoption Services, Internet).
Three methods can be used for international adoption. The majority of prospective adoptive parents use an adoption agency. Others consult adoption
facilitators in Canada. Some prospective parents choose to establish direct communication with contacts in a particular country. Many
provincial–licensed adoption agencies place children from other countries. These agencies are familiar with the adoption laws of foreign countries and
usually maintain contacts in countries where many children are waiting to be adopted. Agencies send information about the adoptive parents directly
to their contacts, who then locate an appropriate child for the adoptive parents (Adoption, CD–ROM).
Facilitators in the United States also help prospective parents locate suitable children abroad. Facilitators usually have foreign contacts who help
resolve legal issues pertaining to adoption in a particular country. In some cases, facilitators travel
2 to other countries and directly assist in adoptions. Prospective parents can also work with facilitators in another country or deal directly with foreign
institutions, such as orphanages (Adoption, CD–ROM).
People who wish to adopt abroad must follow the procedures

Examples Of Transracial And Intercultural Adoption
Ethics of Intercultural and Transracial Adoption
"It is estimated there are between 143 million and 210 million orphans worldwide (recent UNICEF report.)" (Orphan hope), as stated on Orphan
Hope International. This number of orphaned children who are waiting and longing to be loved is unbelievable. So many beautiful boys and girls of
all different races and cultures, who have done nothing to deserve this unloved lonely life, are waiting day after day in hopes that someone will love
and adopt them into their family. Why do more people not adopt? Why are there so many still living without love and a family? Many times it is
because of peoples ethical beliefs on transracial and intercultural adoption. Some of these beliefs are in favor of this type of adoption yet many are
against it. These ethical beliefs that determine peoples view of right and wrong on transracial and intercultural adoption include the formation of the
child's identity and the child's cultural heritage involvement in his or her life.
The first ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
A personal testimony from a transracial adoptee named Katherine Quarmby expressed that, "My loss of ethnic heritage has been more than
compensated for in the multitude of opportunities afforded by my adoption" (Quarmby). Those who believe that transracial and intercultural adoption
is right trust that the child would be able to not only learn and take part in their own culture, but also learn and take part in all cultures. This gives the
child an advantage because they would be able be presented with more opportunities and be able to relate to multiple types of people instead of just
one. Because of the larger understanding of many different cultures the child will be able to have a fuller and well–rounded

Transracial Adoption In Canada
Canada is widely known as the first country in the world to adopt multiculturalism; being supportive of all ethnicities and races, while encouraging a
peaceful community and promoting cultural education. However, there is a major gap in the country's history that hides one of the most controversial
issues to date – the cultural genocide of the Indigenous community. Public information regarding this topic remains limited and insufficient, providing
little insight on the discrimination and inequality the Indigenous community has faced, and continues to face today. Particularly, the issue lies in the
failure to provide information on Child Welfare and its related causes, including the residential school act, the sixties scoop, transracial adoption... Show
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Of those, fewer than half – about 44 per cent – lived with at least one foster parent who identified as Indigenous. Provinces with a higher proportion of
Indigenous children also had more Indigenous kids in foster care (Yukselir, 2016). The remainder lived in a situation where they were a transracial
adoptee, meaning they were placed in a household with parents that had a different racial or ethnic group from their own. While transracial adoption
usually concludes with positive adjustment outcomes for adoptees, for Aboriginal transracial adoptees, adoption tends to result in consistently negative
outcomes. Many transracial adoptees of the Sixties Scoop era where Aboriginal children were apprehended in disproportionate numbers throughout
Canada and adopted into non–Aboriginal homes in Canada, United States and overseas, now adults, have contacted Aboriginal child welfare agencies
as they aim to reunite with their birth families. A large proportion of former adoptees' first point of contact is through addiction services and street
agencies (Gilchrist, 1995). Many adoptees are facing identity issues because of being socialized and acculturated into a middle–class 'white' society
(Hall, 1995; Gilchrist, 1995; Richard, 1998). For transracial adoptees, identity issues are exacerbated by the factors that arise in seeking out birth
family and cultural ties (Fournier & Crey, 1997; Hall, 2003). According to Bagley (1993), the core of the issue for adoptees is being "reacquainted
with the most marginalized and oppressed group within Canadian society". This, he argues, aggravates the already problematic identity issues that
Aboriginal adoptees experience. Finally, transracial adoption causes poor socio–economic factors, as well as psychological, emotional, and mental
factors that confront the adoptee as an adult, as well as facing racism and racial identity issues. Transracial aboriginal research has yet to

Adoptiontion Be Prioritized Over Interracial Adoption?
Neil Doan
Professor Brewer
English 100
Research paper
20 November 2017
Adoption Is the Answer
It is important to acknowledge that we are all born to love and be loved. This makes no exception for those children who have to live in foster care
because their family abandoned them. Despite the fact that they come from different background, ethnicity and race, just like us all, they too deserve
to be loved. Does it matter if a black child got adopted by a white family or vice versa when everything they give is love and treat that child as their
own? Should interracial adoption be prioritized over transracial adoption? Should transracial adoption be prioritized over interracial adoption? Should
it be a concern when it comes to adoption? As some people might know, adoption rate in America has increased substantially over the years. Numbers
of domestic adoption, transracial adoption, international adoption. Even though adopting a child is a long process with lots of screenings, many
parents begin to indicate the needs of the children who need a home and family and take action. Adoption provides the children a permanent home,
give them love, help them to reduce their traumatic stress and develop many essential relationships. There are countless reasons why someone wants
to become an adoptive parent. For many couples, adoption is their only option for a chance to become parents. They could do a favor and help out
family members by adopting their child who isn't have the ability

Family. There are many ways to define what a family is and what it means to be part of a family. Every family is different and holds its' own
definition for what makes up a family. One of the differences found within some modern day families is the mixture of culture, ethnicity, and race. One
way these differences occur is through transracial adoption. Transracial adoption is has been a source a controversy for decades. Opponents of
transracial adoption worry that the adopted children will struggle with racial identity and that it promotes "cultural genocide", while those on the
opposite spectrum of transracial adoption seem to take a position of being "color–blind" coupled with the idea that "all you need is love." Transracial
adoption is... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Transracial adoption allows families to cross over previously drawn racial lines and relieve racial tension drawing people of different backgrounds and
culture together. As people of different race and culture engage in meaningful social contact with each other racism and prejudice is reduced. Many
scholars are in support of the "social contact"

Pros And Cons Of Interracial Adoption
Interracial Adoption
Since the 1960's, interracial adoption has been on the rise, although it was looked down upon until the 1990's. Many kids sit and wait to be adopted
for most of their childhood. So, instead of adoption agencies waiting to find what they call "the perfect match," which is referring to a family who is
of the same race as the child they intend to adopt, they started allowing interracial adoption as a part of hoping every child finds a family that loves
them beyond the color of their skin. Proponents argue that children grow up to not care that they aren't the same color as their parents, their kids are
more open to learning about their culture, and that kids of different races, other than caucasian, are more available in foster homes and overseas. While
cons argue that family acceptance is a problem, the kid might feel uncomfortable about being a different race than their parents, and that parents might
not like to stand out.
Kids that are caucasian are in higher demand than those of African, Hispanic, and Asian origins. So it easier to find kids of minority races for a loving
home. The United States of Department of Health and Health Services claims that 40% ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
"On the positive side, you do not need to explain where the child came from or wonder whether you should tell your family that you are pregnant."
Those who see it as a negative aspect believe you will stand out more than other families when they engage in public activities. Like what was said
earlier the world we live in isn't not color blind. Most of those who are sensitive to standing out, feel that they are being judged or frowned upon for
adopting out of their race. Once one takes on that responsibility of adopting a child of a different race, they should realize and understand that they will
come across those with different views. That is just something you have to shake

When a white Minnesotan couple adopted their African–American child in 1948, they opened the door to a social debate that would span decades
(Hawkins–Leon 1239). This first act of transracial adoption [TRA] instigated conversation on whether agencies should limit child placement to
same–race matches or extend placement to interracial matches. It questioned the appropriateness of crossing racial lines. Today, TRA occurs more
often than it did in the 20th century. This frequency calls to attention a need for conclusion of the dispute. Whilerace occupies a defining space of a
child's identity, the need for a family supersedes the need for same–race matching, and calls for the acceptance of TRA. Studies suggest that transracial
adoption destabilizes ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Perhaps the main concern for transracial adoptees concerning their racial situation involves their sense of identity, divided between racial and personal
(Deberry 2377). One study worth mention concerning racial identity used the Clark and Clark Doll Test, which features two dolls with dark and light
skin, and found only a seven percent difference between the black identification of transracial black adoptees to inracial black adoptees (Morrison 182).
Regarding personal identities, outcome studies suggest that TRAs are not necessarily more prone than same–race adoptees or nonadoptees to
emotional or behavioral problems, low self–esteem, or maladjustments (Lee 4). During a twenty year follow–up on Chinese children adopted
transracially to Britain, the researchers concluded that adoptees and nonadoptees developed self–esteem and social adjustment on the same level (Lee
4). A study in 1977 that interviewed transracially adopting parents throughout the United States found their black children emotionally healthy
(Morrison 181). A second concern for the psychological and social effects of TRA considers whether a transracially adopted child adjusts well into a
racially different environment. According to a 1983 study, racial differences do not inhibit transracial adoptees from developing typical relationships
any less than inracial adoptees (Morrison 182). Furthermore, racial differences may strengthen the parent–child relationship, as it "reinforces that the
family's foundation is based on bonds of relationship, not...biology" (Morrison 188). Studies have indicated the healthy racial identities, the healthy
personal identities, and the relationship enabling of racial differences as proof of psychological and social benefits of transracial

Arguments Against Interracial Adoption
A child who is adopted is always a good thing, yet there are those who wish to return to the days of racial segregation when it comes to adoption.
The "National Association of Black Social Workers, in 1972, likened whites adopting black children to 'cultural genocide'" (Clemetson & Nixon,
2006, para 16), which is a completely racist view of how White people would poorly raise a Black child based solely on skin color. Their stance on
interracial adoptions has changed somewhat in the last 40 years. The wording has been softened to a more politically palatable and sustainable
"transracial adoption of an African American child should only be considered after documented evidence of unsuccessful same race placements has
been reviewed and supported ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
In multiple studies such as Grow and Shapiro, 77% of the interracial adoptions had the same out comes as same race adoptions. In a study by McRoy
and Zurcher in 1983 "strong bonds between the parents and adoptees developed in both groups [same race and interracial adoptions]...authors found no
differences in self–concept and self–esteem [between the two groups]" (Silverman, 1993, p. 109). Silverman cites multiple other studies that show a
similar trend that adopted children who grow up in interracial families do not suffer from psychological, emotional, or other adjustment problems more
so than other types of adopted children. The results of the studies clearly refute any claim from the opposition that Black children raised in White
homes should be a last resort because they will come out misadjusted and poorly

Adopting A Child From A Race
Many people who planned to adopt or adopted a children from another race probably didn't realized about the potential dilemma that their adopted kids
might face when they get exposed to their real community. And in the video the kids shared their experience and struggles of trying to figured out their
true identity. I feel bad for them to feel the way the felt even though I want to tell them that they shouldn't think like the way they think about life in
general but I am just a guy from the outside trying to look in the inside I could blame them to feel what they felt, the government should educated
everyone about transracial adoption I think if people are aware of this then they would be acceptable about the difference of other people. Make a
universal symbol for these people that way people would know why these kids look like them but act and talk different.
I never thought that adopting a child from a different race would create a social dilemma for the children especially here in the U.S. I am planning
to adopt children someday and I tried to look at on a couple of website for adopting a kids and I had no preference or whatsoever I was just looking
at who was available in my area and I never thought that having an intention of just giving these children a better life is not enough to have them have
a good life because if you are Asian and you adopt a black person and you don't know the culture from the black community that person you adopt
would feel lost and confused

Families don't have to match, you don't have to look like someone to love them. Leigh Anne Tuoghy a small white southern women made this
unflinching statement to address negative commentary that was directed toward her adoptive son, who was very largely built and African American.
With her standing up and publically addressing the love of her son it allowed many people to start to embrace transracial adoption after being frowned
upon by many people who believe that children should not be adopted by parents who are of a different race. In the 1920s the matching adoption policy
was created to match children to have the same biological make up. The greatest thing about transracial adopting is knowing that there was a child who
would need a home and a support system, no matter what ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
With adoption being viewed in such a positive light there are still some people who are strongly against transracial adopting and some of their reason
are because they believe that the child will lose their identity. Is the race of the child more important than the love that the child will receive? While
observing transracial adopting there are many point of view that you have to factor in, but there is only one that matters and that is the love of the child.
President Theodore Roosevelt created the Progressive Movement to increase the improvement of child welfare. In the 1850s many informal adopts
began to take place after war because many families were killed in the war leaving the children parentless this allow many people to advantage of the
children by making them slaves because they were naГЇve. His plan of child welfare was very successful this made many people

The Transracial Adoption and the Multi-Ethnic Placement Act
Goals of the policy
My policy I choose from, ("Administrative Policies", n.d) the Multi–Ethnic Placement Act as Amended by the Inter–Ethnic Adoption Provision of
1996. It has to do with transracial adoption. The purpose of this policy is associated with the Department of Children's Services, it strives to push the
best enthusiasm of all children set in cultivate mind by avoiding segregation in the position of children on the support of race, color or national source.
This objective might be met by selecting and distinguishing asset families that can best help these kids ("Administrative Policies", n.d).
Social Work Speaks According to Anastas & Clark, (2012), 58% of the children infoster care are children of color other than white. Reading this
section I came across a lot of laws and acts that led up to the Multi–Ethnic Placement Act. One was called the Child Abuse Prevention and Treatment
Act of 1974. Years later theIndian Child Welfare Actof 1978 came about. This act was made to " establish standards to ensure reasonable efforts prior
to the removal of Indian children from their families whereas the Adoption Assistance and Child Welfare Act of 1980 prioritized family preservation
and permanency as major goals of child welfare" (Anastas & Clark, 2012, p.148). The Multi–Ethnic Placement Act policy and the purpose of it is the
same in the Social Work Speaks book. Anastas & Clark, (2012) stated that it was to prevent people from discriminating against race, color and

Transracial Adoption Paper
In this study, researchers conducted a series of interviews to explore the impact of transracial adoption (Barn, R., 2013). Two main aspects of ethnicity
were cultural competence and racial competence. Cultural competence is the basic understanding of cultural values, along with identity found in one
specific group. Racial competence is the development of ways to react to prejudices or any other form of discrimination. They specifically examined
whether transracial children lose a sense of cultural and racial competence when adopted by white parents. The participants were 15 white, mothers,
who had adopted either internationally or domestically. International adoptions were from China, Korea, and South America. Domestically adopted
children... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
After the interview the mothers were categorized into three separate sections based on their parenting styles. These categories being: Humanitarianism,
Ambivalence(ism), and Transculturalism. Humanitarianism was found to be mothers who didn't identify with their child's race at all and acted as
though they were of the same ethnic background, that being white American. Ambivalent mothers generally were undecided on whether to raise their
kids in the white community or to incorporate the child's own ethnic background. These mother tended to go back and forth between parenting styles
and even felt trapped in between the two cultures. Another finding of ambivalence(ism) included a more evident preference among skin tone and race.
Transculturalism meant that mothers acknowledged the child's race often while raising them and tried to submerge the child in that culture by placing
people of the same ethnicity in their lives. For example, moving to neighborhoods where the adopted child's race is prominent or having a teacher,
babysitter, or doctor of the same race for the child to look up

Transracial Adoption Research
Transracial adoption is known as the act of placing a child of one race or culture with adoptive parents of a different race or culture. This practice is
also known as interracial adoption. Typically, this involves White parents adopting children of color. This practice has taken place domestically in the
United States since the 1950s, due to a decrease in the amount of White children available for adoption. Around the same time international adoptions
also became more common, due to the magnitude of children left as orphans after World War II, the Korean War, and the Vietnam War. Recent
statistics demonstrate the rise in domestic and international transracial adoption, with domestic transracial adoption increasing from around 1,000 in ...
This controversy gained national attention in 1972 when the National Association of Black Social Workers (NABSW) boldly asserted that the
practice of placing African American children in White adoptive homes was not in the best interest of the children (Fenster, 2004). The NABSW's
stance was based on their core beliefs that "only black families could provide the skills needed to survive in a racist society and Black children in
White homes would be isolated from African American cultural values, ultimately affecting their identity development" (Lee, Crolley–Simic, & Vonk,
2013, p. 122). This stance was held throughout the next three decades and race matching was commonly used in the adoption process, in attempts to
place African American children in Black adoptive homes rather than in White adoptive homes, as transracial adoption was seen as a last resort.
Although race matching was considered to be in the best interest of the child because children were placed with adoptive parents of the same race,
race matching unintentionally contributed to foster care drift and an increase in the amount of children in foster care. Foster care drift refers to the
magnitude of children lingering in the foster care system for long periods of time without achieving permanency through reunification or adoption. In
order to address race matching and foster care drift, Congress passed the Multiethnic Placement Act (MEPA) of 1994 and the Interethnic Adoption
Provisions (IEP) of 1996 (Bradley & Hawkins–Leon, 2002). This legislation unintentionally fueled the transracial adoption debate. MEPA declared that
race matching was not a priority in the placement of African American children in adoptive homes, and the IEP took it one step further by asserting
that "race was not to be considered at all

The Effect Of Interracial Adoption On A Child 's Racial...
The Effect of Interracial Adoption On A Child's Racial Identity
In 1972 the National Association of Black Social Workers (NABSW) passed a resolution, which said, "Black children should be placed only with
black families whether in foster care or adoption. Black children belong physically, psychologically and culturally in black families in order that they
receive the total sense of themselves and develop a sound projection of their future.... Black children in white homes are cut off from the healthy
development of themselves as black people.... We have committed ourselves to go back to our communities and work to end this particular form of
genocide"(Silverman). Since then, family scientists have conducted extensive research on whether the negative affects of transracial adoption is as
detrimental to the development of racial identify in children as the NABSW claims. Ultimately, many have come to the conclusion that it is better for
a child to be in a loving family, regardless of race than to be orphaned. In this paper, I will outline arguments both for and against transracial adoption
as well as offer suggestions on how parents can foster the development of a racial identity in their adopted child. Immediately after the NABSW report,
numerous additional studies emerged, backing their claim. The Child Welfare League of America (CWLA) stated, in Standards for Adoption
Service–1973, "In today's climate, children placed in adoptive families with similar racial characteristics

Challenges Of Interracial Adoption
"Racism is still with us. But it is up to us to prepare our children for what they have to meet and hopefully we shall overcome." Rosa Parks.
Interracial adoption in the United States may be challenging for children of different race/ethnicity background, on the other hand it can give children
the proper care, and support they need, open up many opportunities. Mixed adoptions are important because people need to recognize that everyone
is different and might not all are single race families. To allow children to understand that there is diversity in the world and may help them overcome
it by doing the right thing for example not being a follower but a leader. Is it healthy to adopt children of a different race? The challenges of what
interracial children might face could be harder in spite of being in foster care. Adopting children of different race is not something that should be
harmful. Interracial adoption in the U.S. gives children guidance, care, and support from people who love them, family. Yet Interracial adoption can be
challenging but, the adopted child has someone there to protect them and their needs.
People need to accept the fact that interracial adoption is an increasing proposition in today's society. Whether or not that a person taught much about
diversity, it is equally important that a person know color does not matter. Of 11,000 adoptions in Michigan from 2001–05, the last year available, on
78 were blacks adopting whites. During that time, 677 whites

Baby Girl versus Adoptive Couple Essay
There was a court case, Baby Girl v. Adoptive Couple, in which a child who was partially Cherokee Indian, because of her father, and Hispanic,
because of her mother. The adoption of Baby Girl was a difficult one due to the fact that she has an ancestry of Cherokee Indian. Therefore, under the
Indian Child Welfare Act (ICWA), theadoption of Baby Girl seemed impossible because Biological Father had the right to have custody of his child,
Baby Girl, if he chose to. So, the court greatly sees that by giving Baby Girl back to Biological Father would be in the child's best interest under the
ICWA, because there is the assumption that if she is with her Biological Father and her culture, she will not suffer any type of emotional distress. For...
Therefore, from a very young age, Baby Girl might have questioned why she did not share the same physical features as her parents; thus, causing
her to have a failed ethnic identity. In a 1987 study, conducted by Simon and Alstein, an Indian adopted child stated, "It bothers me that I'm Indian.
People don't look up to Indians. The whites always fought the Indians and the Indians got beat. We aren't looked up to. There is nothing special about
being Indian" (Sindelar, 2004). This clearly indicates that the native adoptee feels inferior to his White adoptive parents; therefore, the child was
obviously unable to fully integrate into the White culture without feeling inferior. In the case of Baby Girl v. Adoptive Couple, she may have been at
risk to feeling the same inferiority due to the extreme exposure of the White culture and the lack of exposure and pride towards her own ethnicity;
therefore, causing possibilities of distress and discomfort in her own skin. Sindelar suggests that there is a phenomenon known as the Split–Feather
Syndrome, in which "social, psychological, and emotional disabilities – among expatriated Indian people, i.e., those who were placed and raised in
non–Indian homes" (2004). The Split–Feather Syndrome may be due to the extremities in culture difference between Indian and other cultures. For
instance, the ideologies of child–rearing, family bonding,

International Adoption Is A Growing Trend
Imagine being a child living in a third world country and only being fed two meals a day that barely provide the nutrients needed to help one grow,
along with receiving very little affection. Some people argue that international adoption, provides a key role in improving a child 's life. Although
others believe international adoption creates many complications and should not be an option. Therefore, many believe adopting a child from an outside
country or culture can be quite rewarding for both the parents and the child; however, international adoption deals with many concerns as well as
serious challenges.
International adoption is a growing trend around the world. It is an alternate way to create or expand a family; it is a lifetime decision and should be
made very cautiously. After World War II (1939
–1945) international adoption started to become popular in the United States. Americans started to
adopt children who were either abandoned or had been orphaned during the war. Although the trend started to accelerate after the Korean War
(1950–1953), when the South Korean government established an adoption program ("International Adoption"). Adoption programs tend to thrive after
a war or a natural disaster has taken place. Many children that are abandoned or had been orphaned are either left behind to die or are brought to
institutions. Hundreds of children live in institutions, although about 200,000 South Korean children are estimated to have been adopted by families in

To the thousands of children in foster care, adoption means being part of a family. Adoption signifies a chance to be loved, wanted, and cared for
properly. Every year thousands of children enter the foster care system. In the year 2010 alone, 245,375 children entered foster care, of that number
over 61,000 were black. An astounding 30,812 black children were waiting for adoption in 2010 (AFCARS). With so many children needing homes, it
would seem their adoption would be open to any and all loving families, yet this is not the necessarily the case. Transracial adoption, which
traditionally alludes to black children placed with white families, is riddled with difficulties. While transracial adoption can be a successful solution,
many ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Regardless of laws, some groups still openly oppose the practice of transracial adoption. The National Black Association of Black Social Workers
have gone as far as to call transracial adoption "cultural genocide" as stated in their 1972 announcement (McManus). In that statement the president of
the NABSW publically declared the following: We are opposed to transracial adoption as a solution to permanent placement for black children. We
have an ethic, moral, and professional obligation to oppose transracial adoption. We are therefore legally justified in our efforts to protect the rights of
black children, black families, and the black community. It is a blatant form of racial and cultural genocide. (McManus) In 1994 the NABSW restated
their position with the statement, "Transracial adoption should only be considered after documented evidence of unsuccessful same–race placements
have been reviewed and supported by appropriate representatives of the African–American community (McManus). The intense opposition of
transracial adoption is evidenced in a multitude of different ways. During the initial phase of the adoption process prospective parents are discouraged
from proceeding by the intake worker. They are constantly bombarded with the alleged difficulties involved in transracial adoptions and questioned
about their motives for adopting (Adoption 85). Parents are accused of

The World Of Reproductive Justice And Politics Essay
Within the world of reproductive justice and politics, there is no such thing as "choice". Every "choice" is intimately tied to a person's class, gender,
sexual orientation, and even geographical location. Choice is not something made by a person, but by the society they exist in. In mainstream America,
having a baby naturally is an expectation while adoption is an unwanted backup choice. For these middle to upper class, predominantly white families,
adoption means plan b, never the original and thus the children of this culture never truly feel one within their family, rather they are considered odd or
not real. And that's just when adopting from America. When transracial and/or transnational adoption becomes a part of the conversation the slope
becomes slipperier as the choice becomes based in white savior and/or Good Samaritan rhetoric (Patton–Imani). These children are often "othered" by
their families, their town, or their society as a whole. Or they are forced to assimilate with color and ethnicity blindness as an example of the perfect
adoptee/immigrant. Their choice to adopt from these foreign countries is centered by their various privileged identities while excluding the children
themselves due to their disadvantages. Take for example the personal documentary, First Person Plural, by Deann Borshay, in which an adult Korean
adoptee tells her life story through her adoptive family, fictionalized family, and birth/biological family. Through her interviews with her

"It's about my entire life, it's not just about my childhood. I want to know that I'm going to have someone to walk me down the aisle. That I'm going to
have grandparents for my children." –Mary (a girl in foster care). Adoption is a short term solution, and causes problems that has a lasting effect on a
child. Adoption is the act of taking in a child to raise as your own. On paper, it sounds likes like an act of kindness, but adoption has many issues tied
to it. Due to the many problems of adoption, such as the environment in a foster home, the people that lives in the home, mental instability, the process
of adoption, same–sex parents, and transracial adoption, a child that experienced it could have an impact their life negatively, as ... Show more content
on Helpwriting.net ...
The unhealthy environment could cause life threatening diseases. The children could influence their behavior or bully them. The mental illness causes
them to act differently and be more troublesome. The officials can mess up the process and place the child in a worse home. Having parents with the
same gender can throw off the needs of a child and creates a less natural family. Having parents with different ethnicity can dilute the child's culture and
cause them to be isolated. Adoption is a concept that can help many children, but it also causes many issues and can cause an uncertain future for the

Disadvantages Of Transracial Adoption
Kieryn Eagy on November 24th, the last day of the Oregon Students of Color Conference closed the conference with a caucus. Several college
students, as well as myself, attended this caucus because we all so strongly identify as being a transracial adoptee. Transracial adoption is the adoption
of a child that is of a different race and/or ethnicity of one's own. Many prominent figures have transracially adopted children; some of these are Sandra
Bullock, Mariska Hargitay, Jillian Michaels, and Angelina Jolie. While the placement of children is important, there are also many downsides to
transracial adoption. Children who are raised by colorblind parents have their overall happiness and well being negatively affected because they
experience racial identity crises, public scrutiny, and unrealistic expectations of the world. Transracial adoption should be highly discouraged unless
the parents are culturally cognizant. Prior to World War II transracial adoption was not widely accepted; "agencies heavily promoted the idea of "
race
–matching" early in the history of adoption ("What You Need to Know About the History of Adoption")." To clarify, early history of adoption means
the 18th and 19th century. During and post World War II transracial adoption became widely accepted and popularized. For instance, the first recorded
transracial adoption occurred in 1947, when two white parents adopted a black baby boy (Herman). However, transracial adoption did not occur on a
wide

Family Vs Transracial Adoption
Even though I may look different from my family , I'm still grateful to be included in a loving and caring one.
How is being adopted different? It can be confusing for the adopted kid and to others especially if you are a transracial adoptee, because they spot the
difference and then want answers.
Coming to the United States from Taiwan at the age of 3 was a long and difficult process. At times I would wonder when and if I was ever going to be
adopted or assigned to a family. I recall that I used to scream, cry, and throw tantrums as I grew up. Adjusting from a small crowded orphanage to a big
comfortable home with my new permanent family was easy. However, becoming accustomed to a new language and culture without peers next to me
who understood ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
It may take six months or more from the time you apply before a child is placed in your home; it will take at least three to twelve months after that
before the adoption may be finalized in court." Beside the length there are other procedures in finalizing the actual adoption. First, you would
decide on an adoption agency. After choosing an agency, you must submit an application. Including, background information, family composition,
and number of people living in your home. Then the family would have to go to a series of meetings, interviews and training sessions to see if
they are ready to adopt or capable to raise their new adoptive child. Once the agency has approved their homestudy, they then work together to place
a child. After the family has choosen a child they'd like to raise, it's time to visit the child in person. The visit can last for a period of weeks or
months before the child moves in with the adoptive family. After three months, if the placement is deemed successful, the agency will approve the
adoption. Finally, The Office of Children and Family services states, " an adoption generally is completed with the assistance of an attorney retained by
the adoptive parents the attorney files a petition in court. When all the agency papers have been submitted, the adoption is finalized in court. The
family agrees to

Essay on Biracial Adoption
Interracial Adoption
Adoption is the complete and permanent transfer of parental rights and obligations, usually from one set of legal parents to adoptive parents(Ademec
27). Not until the late 19th century did the U.S. legislative body grant legal status to adoptive parents. This is when children and parents started to gain
rights and support from the government. Through the years new laws have been passed and amended to keep the system fair to all adoptive parents. In
1994, Congress passed the Multiethnic Placement Act, making it illegal to delay the placement a child to find a racially matching family. In 1996 the
Multiethnic Placement Act was amended to say, "One can not use race as aroutine consideration in child placement"(Lewin ... Show more content on
Helpwriting.net ...
Ethnic identity is the major reason why many African Americans do not approve of interracialadoption. Adopting a child outside of your race is
interracial adoption(Godwin 258). The National Association of Black Social Workers (NABSW) are strongly against interracial adoption. They think
that only black people can give the children a positive racial identity. Also that only black parents can help the children develop skills for coping in a
racist society. This statement is proven to be wrong in the Grow/Shapiro study in 1974(Bender/Leone 198). The study consisted of 125 white families
who all adopted black children. Seventy–seven percent of the adoptions went smoothly without any problems at all. They found that the tests of the
transracially adopted children verses those of white adopted children matched very closely (Bender/Leone 200). The tests compared the problems
that the white and black children face like racism. The numbers show that the child's age, not transracial adoption, has the most impact on adjustment
and racial identity(Bender/Leone 202). The longer the child is in an orphanage or foster home, the more problems the child will have with an
adoptive family. Because the child has no parent, it often becomes confused. The child does not know who to call mom or dad. The children wait two
to five years in a foster home or orphanage before being adopted. There are not enough adoptive black

Transracial Adoptions Essay
Thesis: Transracial adoptees family situation affects many aspects of the adopted child's life. Do these children have identity formation difficulties
during adolescence and are there any significant differences between adoptees and birth children? Transracial Adoptees and Families I. Attachment
Issues A. Trust versus Mistrust B. Age of child at time of placement C. Need of Attachment II. Development Issues A. Identity versus Role Confusion
B. Age of child at time of placement C. Need of Attachment III. Identity Issues A. Forming an Identity B. Biological Birth Information C. Racial
Identification D. Adoptive Parent Information Being introduced into a new family is only one of many obstacles that lies ahead for... Show more content
on Helpwriting.net ...
The adoptive family may ignore or make little effort to incorporate into the family the cultural heritage of the adopted child (Adamec,136). This
decision to leave the culture behind, outside the family, does not suggest that the child is neither accepted nor loved or cherished as their own.
However, when the adoptive family also adopts and embraces the cultural identity of the child's birth culture, it enriches not only the adopted child but
also the entire family and extended family as well. Another factor is attachment is the child's age when they were adopted. The older the child when
adopted, the risk of social maladjustment was found to be higher (Simon, 188). Most children when adopted at younger ages have a better chance to
adjustment normally, than children adopted over the age of ten. An infant learns to trust quicker, than a ten–year old child does, but all of this depends
on each case. Developmental theorist Eric Erikson, discusses trust issues in his theory of development. Erikson's first stage of development is "Trust
versus Mistrust", which states "if needs are dependably met, infants develop a sense of basic trust" (Myers, 149). For an adopted child, placing the
child early in a key ingredient to successful attachment of child to parent and vice versa (Cox, 1). Such an attachment, which is strong among the
majority of families throughout the paper, is an important

Adoption Is A Non Genetic
Some relationships are like writing on a dry erase board with permanent marker and trying to erase it–it does not erase! Genetics and union may just
seem like two words. However, they have something in common–both are relationships between people. A genetic relationship would include brothers,
sisters, moms, and dads. Nothing can ever erase that relationship, because it is genetic. Union is a non–genetic, heartwarming, relationship, such as
adoption. There are many reasons people feel the want or need to adopt. Infertility is one of the many reasons. People have reported that, when
asked what they felt when they could not have children, they felt useless, disappointed and even heartsick. Adoption is an option to couples who
cannot have children or would prefer to adopt. Couples and families that do adopt face many questions and emotions, as they are forming a new
bond between someone they may or may not know. Adoption can stem from foster care, but research has "...found that a majority of adopted children
were related to their adoptive parents by blood and marriage." (Lamanna, Riedmann, Strahm, 2012). Foster care is placing a child in the temporary
care of a family other than its own as the result of problems or challenges that are taking place within the birth family. Children in foster care are just
like any other children, except, through no fault of their own, had to be removed from their families due to abusive or neglectful situations. There are

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