National Consumers League

National Consumers League
–National Consumers' League
The National Consumers' League, who was lead by Florence Kelley in 1899, encouraged middle–class women to challenge poor wages and
unsatisfactory working conditions by boycotting stores that did not live up to the women's needs. The National Consumers' League was essentially
built for saleswomen, however, it also represented all women and the fight for their equal rights. The women of the National Consumers' League
would participate in the boycotts by only going to the "... 'White List' of stores that met its standards."(Roark, Pg.682), which was published by the
National Consumers' League. The National Consumers' League was responsible for contributing in women's rights and their need for reform in poor
working ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
To develop and build the patriotic attitude for Americans to support the American troops who entered the war,George Creel, a journalist and director of
the Committee on Public Information, "...sent 'Four–Minute Men,' a squad of 75,000 volunteers, around the country to give brief pep talks that
celebrated successes on the battlefields and in the factories."(Roark, Pg.730). This campaign started by George Creel had gained extraordinary
popularity among all of America and had captured the nation's citizens into a anti–German state of mind. Every detail in America that did not represent
pro–American was immediately changed, even the German toast was changed to French toast on American diner menus. The Committee on Public
Information was responsible for promoting the patriotic attitude throughout America which supplemented the efforts of American soldiers in defeating
the Germans in the Great War.(Roark,
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Some People Have the View That British Generals Like Haig...
Some people have the view that British generals like Haig were incompetent leaders.
How far does the sources support or contradict this interpretation?
Some people have the view that British generals such as Haig were useless leaders. Famous sources like 'O What a lovely War', 'Blackadder' and 'The
Trench' support this. However from the 1980s many military historians have challenged this interpretation and states that under Haigs leadership,
Britain and her allies won the war from encouraging new weapons and military tactics. After Haigs death in 1918, historians blamed him for needless
laughter of nearly 750,000 British soldiers on the Western Front and biographers pilloned him for his overconfidence, insensitivity and logical ... Show
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Another source which supports the interpretation that British generals were incompetent is source B1. John Laffin worked as a tour guide in
Australia. His parents both served witht he Australians in Gallipoli and France as nursing cops. Even though he didn't have a history degree, he was a
military historian who earned his living taking people on battlefield tours. He researched the war from the soldier's viewpoint and wrote a successful
history book titled "British Butchers and Bunglers of World War One"– a very emotive polemic title – which released to the public in 2003. The book
aims to expose the guilt of 'uncaring and stupid' generals. The passage from the book says that Haig and other stupid generals must be blamed for
'wilful blunders and wicked butchery' and that there can never be forgiveness for their 'sheer incompetence'. This source lacks reliability as it has been
written in confidence with other sources he has researched online. Laffin only presents one side of the argument and doesn't discuss the situation in
Verdun. The passage of the book was written in 2003– 80 years later from World War 1. However, his job as a tour guide in battlefields gives him an
advantage over other historians. This source is supported by other historians (B8 an B1) and soldiers (B2). This interpretation is contradicted by
sources like (B14).
David Lloyd George (B4) also supports the interpretation that British generals

Douglas Haig's Great Contribution to World War I Essays
Douglas Haig (1861–1928) was one of the most renowned soldiers during World War I. He became the Commander in Chief of the British
Expeditionary Forces and led very decisive battles at the Battles of Some and Passchendaele. He also was able to stop the Germans last offensive
(March–July 1918) which ultimately led him to create a veteran's facility called the Royal British Legion." This caused him to be elected to be an
earl in 1919. Douglas Haig became Commander in Chief of British Expeditionary Forces, led forces at the Battle of Some and Passchendaele, created
the Royals British Legion, and became an earl in 1919. Douglas Haig's previous war experiences made him perfect for the position of Commander in
Chief of the British Expeditionary... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
The same results would also happen at the Battle of Passchendaele. July 31, 1917, when Haig appointed an offensive–minded general (Sir Hubert
Gough) to command, and pressed him to plan a decisive breakthrough, rather than a step–by–step advance.11 Again, this battle turn out to be a
technicality win for Great Britain, however, they faced high casualties. These efforts obviously weakened Germany tremendously; however, the
cost of lives was too high to really see any progress in their efforts. Haig has been criticized by many people over the years due to his plans that
caused high casualties. The wartime Prime Minister, David Lloyd George, was one such critic. He wrote that he sometimes wondered whether he
should have resigned on more than one occasion rather than permit Haig to continue with his strategy.12 In Haig's defense, he was forced to apply
pressure on France He had to push up his plans one month in advanced. That's plausible reasoning to why his plans may have had some

Commitment To Ww1
Despite the fact that the Germans had superior weaponry and munitions, the American forces persevered during the massacre at the Meuse Argonne
offensive of world war 1. America's commitment to the war effort and willingness to put lives on the line to win ,made America a renowned ,
victorious superpower. A bulge sat in the middle of the American and French lines. John J. Pershing, commander of the American Expeditionary Forces
of 1917 refused to listen to his advisors. Pershing assembled 400,000 French and American soldiers. The two allies French and American were very
different fighting forces.The "doughboys" a nickname for the American soldiers for the buttons on their uniforms, were notorious for their hand to
hand combat abilities displayed... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
A quote from Erwin Rommel " in a man to man fight the winner is he who has one more round in his magazine." This means that the force with the
better technology will ultimately win. This philosophy was not in favor of the allies opposed to the Germans. Despite these obstacles the
Americans were very overconfident after they slaughtered the Germans at San Mihiel with 250,000 Americans against a ragtag group of second
rate troops German troops. The axis powers abandoned the town leaving behind equipment that was imperative such as artillery pieces and
machineguns. The Americans captured 16,000 troops in San Mehiel. The AEF was very confident in their assault thinking that that Germans
would be a pushover. Specifically there were 3 defenses in the Argonne Valley the Americans had to breach , Giselher, Kriemhilde and Freya.
Being as overconfident as Pershing was of his troops and not noticing that breaching these lines would be a miracle. The Argonne was not the most
comfortable terrain it was very rugged and had many hills. The U.S. air force also played a role in the offensive. The 94th aero squadron was being
lead by the flying ace and race car driver, Eddie Rickenbacker. Eddie was rewarded for shooting down multiple Fokker airplanes and reconnaissance

The Meuse Argonne Offense Essay
Throughout the years we have heard stories of the Meuse Argonne Offense and all the casualties it created, but it has never been specific facts of the
events that happen. There were approximate 600,000 troops for the offense. That is without counting the artillery part which it was an extra 3,980
personnel. This was part of the movement towards the offense that was implemented by General Pershing. Meanwhile they were in route and arrive to
the offense General Pershing was not counting in the weather, which it started raining and the soldiers walked the route implemented which it was
about 60 miles of mud that did not help the movement to Meuse Argonne and made them an easier target because of their limited mobility and their
lack of... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
The arrival of additional German troops ended American hopes which created a lost for the American Military. While Montfaucon was taken the
next day, the advance proved slow and American forces were plagued by leadership and logistical issues. By October 1, the offensive had come to
a halt. Traveling among his forces, Pershing replaced several of his green divisions of soldiers with more experienced troops, though this movement
only added to the logistical and traffic difficulties. On October 4, Pershing ordered an assault all along the American line. This was met with
ferocious resistance from the Germans with the advance measured in yards. It was during this phase of the fighting that the 77th Division's famed
"Lost Battalion" made its stand. Elsewhere, Corporal Alvin York won the Medal of Honor for capturing 132 Germans (Clodfelter, 2007). On October
8, Pershing made a push on the east side of the Meuse with the goal of silencing German artillery in the area. This made little headway. Two days later
he turned command of the 1st Army over to Lieutenant General Hunter Liggett. Meuse Argonne Offense 5 As Liggett pressed on, Pershing formed the
2nd US Army on the east side of the Meuse and placed Lieutenant General Robert L. Bullard in command. On October

Germany's Use Of The Triple Entente
In 1914, Germany thought that war with Russia was likely. If war did break out, Germany assumed that France would also attack, as they were part of
the Triple Entente. This would mean that if one country was at war, the countries that are also part of the Triple Entente would have to help.
Furthermore, France was keen for revenge for her defeat in the Franco–Prussian war.
However, if this happened, Germany would face a war on two fronts. Germany wanted to avoid this whatever the circumstances.
Consequently, in 1905 Alfred Graf von Schlieffen proposed a battle plan, after studying the Russian military's performance in its ill–fated war with
Japan (1904–5). It took nine years to devise– it was started in 1897, presented in 1905, and revised ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
At one point, the French 6th army came close to being beaten however they were rescued by the use of Paris taxis to rush 6,000 reserve troops to the
front line.
On September the 9th, the German commander in chief, Helmuth von Moltke instructed General Karl von Bulow and General von Kluck to retreat.
This was because Moltke feared an Allied breakthrough because of poor communication from his lines at the Marne. They withdrew to an area near
the river Aisne. The French and British forces were now free to cross the Marne.
By the evening of 10th September, the Battle of the Marne was all over. Throughout the battle, the French had around 250,000 casualties. The German
casualties were thought to be very similar. The British Expeditionary Force lost 12,733 men during the battle. Nonetheless, Paris was saved.
The Schlieffen Plan had failed. The German hopes of a quick and decisive victory had been destroyed. Nevertheless, the German army had not been
defeated and its triumphant retreat and the building of trenches between the North Sea to the Swiss Frontier ended all hope of a short

World War I Was A Great Power
On August 4, 1914 Great Britain declared war on Germany because the Germans attacked France through neutral Belgium. When Kaiser Wilhelm II
took control of Germany, relations between Germany and Britain began to change because Wilhelm II wanted Germany to be a great power. Britain
recognized Wilhelm's II strong economy, large population, and powerful armed forces as a threat capable of dominating Europe, therefore, Britain
began to support Russia and France, joining the Triple Entente. Under the Treaty of London of 1839, Britain had promised to defend Belgium, bringing
Britain into war once Germany invaded Belgium. When Germany invaded Belgium, they relied on the idea that Britain would remain neutral. Since
Germany threatened Britain with their growing forces, Britain honored the Treaty of London with Belgium and entered World War I. Britain had no
formal treaty with France there was an understanding that, in the event of a war with Germany, a British Expeditionary Force would cross to France
and take up a position alongside the French Army. Entering World War I, theBritish army was outnumbered and unprepared. The British army
entering World War I was made up of an Expeditionary Force, in case it was necessary to take part in a foreign war. The Expeditionary Force or
(B.E.F) was comprised of six infantry divisions and four cavalry brigades, making it a small army compared to the other countries who were a part of
the Triple Entente and the Triple Alliance. The pre–war

World War I Was An Atrocious Experience For All Involved
World War I was an atrocious experience for all involved. No one involved in this global conflict was left insusceptible to its effects. Due to the
magnitude of devastation and loss of life caused by World War I, it went down in history as one of the vilest wars ever to be fought. It was a brutal war
from 1914–1918 which affected all of Europe and the outlying areas. The military conflict that began the World War Istarted as a local European war
between Austria–Hungary and Serbia. It was transformed into a general European struggle by declaration of war against Russia on August 1, 1914 and
eventually became a global war involving thirty–two nations. Twenty–eight of these nations, known as the Allies and the Associated Powers, whose
major belligerents included Great Britain, France, Russia, Italy, and the United States, opposed the coalition known as the Central Powers, which
consisted of Germany, Bulgaria, and the Ottoman Empire (Williamson and Van Wyk 2003). The immediate cause of the war between Austria–
Hungary and Serbia was the assassination of Archduke Franz Ferdinand of Austria on June 28, 1914, at Sarajevo in Bosnia by a Serb nationalist name
Gavrilo Princip.
In the eyes of many Americans, the World War I had nothing to do with the United States. Most Americans preferred remaining out of the conflict.
President Woodrow Wilson publicly and formally stated that the United States would follow a strict "Policy of Neutrality" other than providing material
assistance to

Rhetorical Analysis Of Patrick Henry's Speech To The...
The Road to Freedom In 1836 the American colonies were at a crossroads. With no ideas on how to move forward, or how to break away from British
control, colonists looked towards a leading figure to guide the way. This figure came in the form of Patrick Henry, a well–known American attorney
who was willing to be the starting face of the revolution. With tensions in the colonies rising, many were willing to rebel against the newly implanted
taxes imposed by the British. In his "Speech to the Virginia Convention", Patrick Henry shows that he is willing to do anything to break away from
English control. His strong use of persuasion and rhetoric make the Virginia Convention think about the possibility of rebelling against the British.
This spark of revolt is all that is needed to set the revolution into motion, with it starting only ten years later. Through pathos, ethos and logos, Patrick
Henry is able to make his purpose of persuading the colonists to unite against the Great Britain clear. One of the best ways to persuade an audience is
through emotion. Henry uses pathos to appeal to many emotions, one of the most effective being fear. When it is known that theBritish army is keeping
tabs on the colonists Henry writes that the British are "sent over to bind and rivet upon us those chains...". This is meant to tell the colonists that if
action is not taken soon, the British will get the upper hand and nothing can be done. The worst thing a colonist can think to be is a slave.

An American Soldier in World War I
An American Soldier in World War I is written by Liberty professor David L. Snead. It tells the story of a soldier and his fiancГ© relationship
through World War I through letters they wrote one another. Professor Snead was introduced to the letters by a student of his Page Waugh. They
were letters from her uncle to her aunt and with permission from her family he combines the letters and historical context to write a book about
Browne, Marty and the war. The thesis of this book seems to be seeing the war through the eyes of a soldier in the middle of a vicious war and the
relationship that sees him through it. George Browne and Martha "Marty" Johnson are two people making the best out of a tough situation and their
undying love and commit... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Browne writes less but his letters are much more descriptive of deficiencies in the AEF'S training program and problem the soldiers face. From
Browne description the crossing of the Atlantic Ocean was a very horrible trip, and once they arrived they were but on trains to but according to
Browne letter the train trip was no better than the boat trip. According to the author, "The boat was heaven compared to the train. We ate hard tack
and canned meat and never washed or shaved or slept."(Snead 2006, 38) In chapter 3 Browne talks a lot about the battles the group is now
fighting and the woes or war. But also in this chapter he speaks of the war and the distance from Marty and how he feels like something is different
in their relationship. Browne knows the infrequency of letters and not quickly responding back to her but he assures her he still loves her and enjoys
her letter, it's just a mean disposition he has because of the war. Browne tells Marty, "I love you always only it's hard to tell about it in miserable
weather when one is living in a barn and usually tired out from marching thru mud."(Snead 2006, 83) In chapter 4 Browne and the 42nd dough–boys
are now in Champagne, France and are in heavy combat constantly. He writes of how the Germans are attaching and the Allies are taking heavy lost.
The campaign in Champagne brought the war home full force, the lost was great. The author states, "The 42nd

Were The British Soldiers Lions Led By Donkeys?
The question "were the British soldiers 'Lions led by Donkeys?'" has been an ongoing debate since the end of the war. A war which is dominated by
images of bloody battles such as the Somme and Passchendaele – futile frontal attacks against the machine guns. There is a lot of evidence to suggest
that the troops were 'lions led by donkeys'. The definition that the soldiers were 'lions' in the war has never been questioned – due to the horrific reports
of their lives in the war. The soldiers were just young men: young men from all over Britain thrown into war. It was hardly heard of men refusing to
serve in the war – re–cruitment posters (source A) put pressure on men to join, by playing on their conscience. Boys were recruited, teenage... Show
Also in 1915, French staged an attack at a place called Neuve Chapelle on the 10th March. The British had no shells, so there was no preliminary
bombardment – so the attack on the Germans was a complete surprise and initially a success. However French continued to fail from here as the
British hesitated to fill the gap they had made in the German lines in a wait for re–inforcements: by which time the Germans had filled the gap. A
pointless battle which lasted only three days. Other so–called battles like these took place while Joffre insisted on 'one more attack'. This resulted in
50,000 French being lost in February (advancing only 500 yards) in Champagne. 60,000 were lost at St Mihiel, and 120,000 were lost in May near
Arras. The British tried new offensives at Festubert and Aubers Ridge, which only resulted in a larger scale of casualties. Surely this is evidence
enough to show that the Generals were not making the right decisions on either part of the Allied armies, and that is was simply causing more men
to die: even at this early stage of the war. The next action that Sir John French took proved to set an example to all Generals and officers throughout
the war: British generals who prolonged the slaughter kept their posts and won promotions, Whereas those who protested to the decisions were in
danger of dismissal. This warning was made during the attack at Ypres, where the Germans used the new weapon if poison gas on the British. French
responded by

The Chanak Chisis: British Imperial War Policies
WW1 turned out to be a major turning point for Canada both economically and internationally, as Canada got the recognition of a great independent
nation. In addition, Canada was one of the principal reasons to end the world war. Canada grew as an autonomy during the world war and essentially
they prosper during the 1920s and in the end the key success in Canada came during the 1930s in the statute of Westminster when they got
independence as a sovereignty. During the world war, Canadian served overseas as part of the Canadian expeditionary force (CEF), they fought
alongside Britain. Canadian lieutenant general Arthur Currie, ensured that the Canadian's fight as one unit with a sense of pride, the creation of the
corps strengthened the unity of Canadian soldiers and also gave Canadians at home a sense of pride. Similarly, Vimy ridge marked the first time
Canadian soldiers fought together as one unit, independent of British forces, and this victory became a symbol of Canada's independence and
nationhood. One of the key reasons for Canada's growth during WW1 was the treaty of Versailles as it marked an important stage in the gradual
movement toward Canadian independence from Britain. During the 1920s, Prime Minister Mackenzie king made it clear to Britain that Canada would
not automatically sent troops in support, he stated that only the Canadian parliament would decide whether to send troops or not to support Britain.
This was the first time that Canada refused unconditional

The Pros Of Dunkirk
German military successes in the spring of 1940 saw the British Expeditionary Force (BEF), along with French and Belgian troops, surrounded at the
beaches of Dunkirk. With the possibility of a breakout impossible, the defeated armies were eventually evacuated to the British Isles during Operation
Dynamo. While the withdrawal of British Forces from Continental Europe marked a military defeat of the BEF, news media surrounding the event
showed a story opposite to this. Rather, the Dunkirk evacuation was presented as a miraculous victory which was achieved through the resilience and
ingenuity of the British spirit. This heavily propagandized viewpoint, although created initially to maintain homefront moral amidst German successes,
would continue to exist into the post–war years and help contribute towards the creation of the myth that Britain, during late 1940 and early 1941,
stood as the lone Allied bastion against Nazi Germany. However, in the decades following the Second World War, historians/many have challenged the
contemporary British accounts of Dunkirk by offering a less romanticized view of the events; thereby challenging the Anglocentric perspective
Dunkirk. [INSERT THESIS STATEMENT HERE] As a evacuation which occurred due to the success of german troops in thebattle of France, the
perspectives of Dunkirk in regards to wether it was a success, the little ships, and the overall role of French forces has largley evolved from
contemporary accounts during the twentieth

Does General Haig Deserve to Be Remembered 'The Butcher of...
Field Marshall Sir Douglas Haig (19 June 1861 – 29 January 1928) was a senior commander in the First World War (WWI), and perhaps one of the
most notable figures in British Military history. Although he served as the commander of the British Expeditionary Force (BEF) from 1915 to the end
of the war – which was one of the greatest victories in Britain's military history – the involvement during the Battle of the Somme, lead him to become
one of the most criticized Commanders in the WWI. The Battle of the Somme is the battle with one of the highest casualties in Britain military history,
alongside with the highest single casualties in the whole history of British military.
General Haig was the commander of the BEF in the battle.
Some of ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
I'm very bitter; always have been and always will be and everybody else that knew him. He lived almost 50 kilometers behind the line and that's
about as near as he got. I don't think he knew what a trench was like. And they made him an Earl and gave him ВЈ100,000. I know what I'd have given
him.' The source has clearly showed how Haig treats his soldiers – stay 50 kilometers away the front line and giving commands when he is feeling good.
Alongside Fred, David Lloyd George, British Prime Minister during the First World War, writing in his War Memoirs (1935) had mentioned that 'Haig
was a second–rate Commander in unparalleled and unforeseen circumstances... He was not endowed with any of the elements of imagination and
vision ... And he certainly had none of that personal magnetism which has enabled great leaders of men to inspire multitudes with courage, faith and a
spirit of sacrifice ... He was incapable of planning vast campaigns on the scale demanded on so immense a battlefield.' "Incapable" and the lack of
kindness to his soldiers make him unavoidable to suit 'the battle of the Somme'. Idealism perished on the Somme. A.J.P.Taylor, a socialist historian,
writing in a specialist history book, The First World War, (1963), had also claimed that: 'The enthusiastic volunteers were enthusiastic no longer. They
had lost faith in their cause, in their leaders, in

Essay about The Schlieffen Plan by Alfred Von Schlieffen
In this essay I will explain what Schlieffen plan was and why it did not work step by step.It began when Germany declare war on Russia and France.
However their allies Britain and Belgium stepped in to help while Austro–Hungary was alliance to Germany. The Schlieffen plan had been created by
Alfred Von Schlieffen but he had died before world war one started. The plan was meant to be foolproof. First of all, Germany planned to defeat
France quickly by marching through Belgium before Russia could get involved. It was intended to avoid a war on two fronts. Germany believed that
Russia would take six weeks to mobilize their troops. Germany would hold the French on the frontier with their weak forces and follow this by holding
up Russian ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
This resulted in the German advance being further delayed. Furthermore, I will describe how French troops retreated to defend Paris from the
German advance. The Germans imagined that their advancement would be speedy and France would not be able to defend. Nevertheless, France
was able to actually relocate their troops very quickly and effectively. France had a war plan, it was called Plan XVII and it was essentially offensive
form the Maginot line into Alsace–Lorraine. Eventually, over 300,000 French soldiers were killed within two weeks. The French generals then
abandoned Plan XVII, they ordered their forces to return to protect Paris. The mobilisation of the French troops were done by train, taxis and
marching, together with help from Britain and Belgium to slow German advancement. This enabled France to succeed in mobilisation of their troops.
The German greatly underestimated how well France would be able to do this. By te time the Germans arrived in france the french troops were there
already waiting for them, France force were ready and well prepared. Moreover, I will explain how the Russian mobilisation of the army was much
more quickly than expected. The mobilisation began on 26th July, when it became evident that Austria–hungary would not stand for Serbia's partial
acceptance of their demand. Germany thought that Russian would take at least six weeks to move. In the reality, Russia

Army Transformation Essay
The Army has transformed several times during its history. Adapting to the operational environment is a necessity for the force called upon to
prosecute its adversaries. The Army must do what is necessary to protect the U.S. against all enemies, and advance the national interests of the
American people. To accomplish this, anticipation of threats is crucial and victory against its adversaries is an imperative. The nation relies on the
military for strategic level deterrence and expects that it will be decisive in combat operations. For the military to be successful, it is important that
transformation adapt to meet these expectations by conforming to the requirements of a successful force of the future in order meet any new threats in...
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Likewise, the Japanese attack on Pearl Harbor caused the U.S. Navy to transform doctrine as well.
Not every example of transformation works in every situation. The German Blitzkrieg worked in France, where the distance from their lines of support
were short. Conversely, this speed–driven technique did not work in Russia where time and distance became an adversary for the Germans. During the
interwar years, many European countries invested much into transforming their militaries following lessons learned from WorldWar I. France is a
prime example of a country that invested into lessons from the previous war rather than developing a vision for potential future events by spending
billions of dollars increasing its Artillery and on building the Maginot line. As history demonstrates, this investment would probably have worked fine
during the previous war but did not stop an attack by a German enemy that did transform for the future fight.
Why a Transformation
Though the concept of war has changed little through time, its conduct varies depending upon many factors, which include but are not limited to
demographics, political issues, and technology. To be successful in combat, an Army must envision and adapt to these concerns. The dilemma,
however, to transformation can be the high cost of training, developing, and implementing the change. Without a tangible reason for the change or a

Meuse Argonne Offensive Research Paper
The Meuse–Argonne Offensive, also known as the Maas–Argonne Offensive and the Battle of the Argonne Forest, was a major part of the final Allied
offensive of World War I that stretched along the entire Western Front. It was fought from September 26, 1918, until the Armistice of 11 November
1918, a total of 47 days. The Meuse–Argonne Offensive was the largest in United States military history, involving 1.2 million American soldiers, and
was one of a series of Allied attacks known as the Hundred Days Offensive, which brought the war to an end. The battle also cost 26,277 lives, and
95,786 wounded, making it the largest and bloodiest operation of the war for the American Expeditionary Forces. American losses were exacerbated by
the inexperience ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
effort of the Meuse–Argonne offensive took place in the Verdun Sector, immediately north and northwest of the town of Verdun, between 26 September
and 11 November 1918. However, far to the north, U.S. troops of the 27th and 30th divisions of the II Corps AEF fought under British command in a
spearhead attack on the Hindenburg Line with 12 British and Australian divisions, and directly alongside the exhausted veteran divisions of the
Australian Corps of the First Australian Imperial Force . With artillery and British tanks, the combined three–nation force, despite some early setbacks,
attacked and captured their objectives along a six–kilometre section of the Line between Bellicourt and Vendhuille, which was centred around an
underground section of the St. Quentin Canal and came to be known as the Battle of St. Quentin Canal. Although the capture of the heights above the
Beaurevoir Line by October 10, marking a complete breach in the Hindenburg Line, was arguably of greater immediate significance, the important U.S.
contribution to the victory at the St. Quentin Canal is less well remembered in the United States than

Was Dunkirk a Triumph or a Disaster? Why? Essay
Dunkirk battle could be called a failure or success depending on the viewpoint. From 27th May to 4th June the British Expeditionary Force with the
remainder of the French and Belgian armies were attacked from behind by the Germans while waiting for a 'ferry service' back to Britain.
After their defeat at Calais, in May 1940, the British army were ordered to retreat from the area and get to the coastal area of Dunkirk no matter what.
There they would be rescued by the British naval forces. However, the Brits were left waiting until the 27th of May. Whilst the GermanLuftwaffe was
bombing them from above and the land army was shelling them from below, the Allied troops waited and took the best cover possible. All they could
do was wait. ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
This battle was also militarily a failure. The British and French armies suffered their worst military defeat since World War One. They were soundly
decimated by the German military (via their Blitzkrieg tactics) in Calais, which meant a surrender of the easy Allied escape route. It was literally an
evacuation due to the overall loss of the war so far. Owing to this loss, Dunkirk can be considered a failure.
To summarize, Dunkirk can be considered a spectacular failure on the part of the Allies, rather than a victory.
Conversely, Dunkirk can be considered a success in a number of ways.
The initial rescue target for the British navy was set at around 30,000. With the huge amount of large battleships in use by the navy, not many soldiers
were expected to be rescued. However, with the input of the many small cruisers and privately–owned vessels, the number exceeded the original target
by over twelve times. 139,000 French were rescued, along with 220,000 of the British Expeditionary Force. The rest were mainly comprised of
Belgians, Polish Soldiers and Czechs. This saved over 50% of the BEF from annihilation, which, in the long term, enabled the Allies to win the war.
They formed a small rГЁsistance along with the other Allies to fight the Germans. Even though over 100,000 losses were suffered by the Allied troops,

Sinai And Palestine Battle Analysis
Overview: The Sinai and Palestine Campaign of the Middle Eastern Theater of World War 1 was a military expedition by the British Empire against
the Ottoman Turks, who were backed by the Germans, to gain access to various coasts including the Mediterranean Sea, the Red Sea and the Suez
Canal. The Sinai and Palestine Campaign, which lasted from 1916 to 1918, included a series of battles fought in both regions. It began with the attack
on Suez Canal by Ottoman forces and ended with the Armistice of Mudros.
First Battle of Gaza: The First Battle of Gaza was fought on March 26, 1917. British Egyptian Expeditionary Forces, under the commandment of
General Sir Archibald Murray and his subordinate Lieutenant General Dobell , invaded Palestine and ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
The Allied Powers, employing the British Egyptian Expeditionary Force, waged three attacks in Gaza in 1917. The first two battles ended in
complete failure with the last one being a crowning success for the British. The British Empire's main objective for the operations in Gaza lay in its
strategic position on the coast of Palestine. Occupying Gaza would expand access to the Mediterranean Sea, particularly the Suez Canal, to the
British Navy allowing them to receive supplies, such as foods, minerals, defense materials and other provisions from Australia, New Zealand and
Indian forces to the Western Front. Conquering Gaza would also be a vital entry into the wider Middle East. The British have been wanting the Canal
way before World War 1 commenced. They believed dismembering the Ottoman Empire to be a less costly method at defeating their biggest enemy,
Germany, which they eventually succeed at. Until today, the Palestinian region is still embedded in much turmoil due to years of invasions, as well as
religious and territorial

Dwight Eisenhower Accomplishments
Dwight Eisenhower was a well respected soldier and general of the United States of America. Dwight Eisenhower was also known as Ike.
Eisenhower would climb the ranks throughout his career. This process is quite extensive. Eisenhower would become a Supreme Commander within
only five years. During his career he would earn up to five stars. Known as a well respected leader. Going along with his five star career he has lead
multiple organisations. To Start of World War two the Nazi with Hitler occupied Europe. Along beside the Germans would be Mussolini with Italy,
Stalin with the soviet Union, and Hiritio with Japan. Europe would be controlled by dictators all throughout World War Two. All of these countries
would be part of the Axis ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
What they have accomplished, what they have failed, or they are portrayed as doing nothing. History would be altered entirely just by one person
not being part of history. If Dwight Eisenhower was never born, did not want to be in the military, or died too soon the war would be different. There
would be a missing general. All the thoughts of Defeating the Axis powers would not have existed. The operations would be performed different with
a different leader and outcome. We could still be in the war because of key battles like D–Day Eisenhower performed. Over all it is hard to imagine
history altered or what could have been because of one event or person missing from history, the options are as limited as your imagination.
In my eyes Dwight Eisenhower was a hero in World War Two. Eisenhower had an outstanding track record in World War Two. There were many
battles he was in charge of leading. Along with the seats he held in counsels for war. Without Eisenhower in World War Two the
United States would
have lost the war, because the leading aspect he brought to war would not be there. Overall Eisenhower was depicted as a hero in World War

How Did The Gallipoli Campaign's Failure
The Gallipoli Campaign The Gallipoli campaign was meant to assist the British Naval Operation, which was to capture the Turkish capital of
Constantinople. However, upon landing on ANZAC Cove the troops instantly came into stalemate. How did the Gallipoli campaign's 'failure' gain a
positive place in Australia's military history and in creating a national identity? The British government desperately sought ways of overcoming the
stalemate in the Western Front. So they sent the Naval Force into the Dardanelles and sail through to Constantinople in the hope of surrendering the
Turkish troops. An attack using the ANZAC troops on the Gallipoli Peninsular was planned. The inexperienced ANZAC troops were sent to Cairo for
training and became part

Essay about The Marine Air-Ground Task Force (MAGTF)
Conventional warfare follows the single battle concept, where two or more well defined forces using weapons that target the opposing force. The
contiguous battle–space is well defined with a deep, close and rear area allowing the force commander to array forces that can be visually displayed in a
linear graphic. This does not hold true in an unconventional warfare, where the rear area may also be the close and deep fight and forces may target the
civilian population either through direct, indirect or propaganda attacks. The will of the people play an important part in unconventional warfare and
their support to either force is equally important. The Marine Air–Ground Task Force (MAGTF), the Marine Corps force in readiness is capable ... Show
Conventional operations target the enemy's forces directly or indirectly by targeting the enemy force and war material producing factories.
The MAGTF is the primary task organized unit designed and organized to conduct all missions across the warfare spectrum. It combines the command
element (CE), the ground combat element (GCE), the air combat element (ACE) and the logistics combat element (LCE) balancing the needs of the
mission. "The Marine Corps task–organizes for operations consistent with its statutory tasking to ... provide forces of combine arms, including aviation
... by forming MAGTFs. The MAGTF is a balanced, air–ground combine arms task organization of Marine Corps forces under a single commander,
structured to accomplish a specific mission."
The MAGTF has been an effective modular fighting force capable and task organized to fight a conventional force when the Marine Corps needs to
conduct forcible entry into a hostile environment or any other array of full spectrum operations. The MAGTF's combine arms are capable of
delivering lethal doses of kinetic fires into the deep area with the use of the air combat element, engage enemy units in the close area with the use of
the ground combat element, and logistically support the forces at the same

Erwin Rommel: Afrika Korps
Many figures we know of today served in WWII. One of those individuals is the famous Erwin Rommel, one of Germany's best generals.Rommel is
renowned for his leadership of the legendary Afrika Korps and his incredible use of ambush and Blitzkrieg, or lightning war,tactics. History has
solidified Rommel as a great leader and has earned the respect of both friends and foes and is notorious today due to the diversity of the forces that
made up the "Afrika Korps ",the success he achieved in the Africa campaign, the overwhelming forces he fought against,the battles he raged, and the
events that led to his death. To extrapolate, Rommel infamous "Afrika Korps" was diverse in the number of forces that made it up.Although the Korps
was originally... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Rommel had enjoyed great success during the early part of the campaign, but was finally stopped at Tobruk where his lighting tactics failed initially,
though after laying siege to the city, he was able to capture it. Though this success came at a cost,because Rommel had stretched his supply lines to
thin and as a result,his armor and troops were without much needed supplies due to the supply trucks being hampered by allied air assaults.Without the
supplies and the British having a superior strategic position having cover on their flanks by two natural barriers, the sea and the impassable "Qattara
Depression",the German failed at the first and second battles for the city of El Alamein.This was the turning point in the campaign due to the Afrika
Korps being without much needed equipment and vehicles, and the arrival of American forces and their superior American M4 sherman which was
both faster and stronger than most German vehicles at time in Africa.From this point on Rommel would be on the defensive launching counterattacks
such as the infamous "Battle of Kasserine Pass" which dealt a huge blow to American forces having them experience their first true loss of the war, but
never achieving a foothold in Africa

Why Was Gallipoli Important?
Why was Gallipoli Important?
Despite being one of the most devastating military losses for the allied forces during World War 1, for some reason it is considered one of the most
important and celebrated holidays in Australian history. Why was this, that something that cost so many Australian lives, considered something to be
celebrated and cheered on about. The answer of this will be explained after a basic background is established.
The Ottoman empire, at the turn of the 20th century was considered one of the weakest empires in the entirety of Europe, weakened by political
instability, military defeat and civil strife after a century of decline. In 1908 a group called the "Young Turks" seized control of Constantinople, while
a figurehead Sultan was put in place in 1909.
After this a period of reform happened that modernized the out–dated political and economic systems and to redefine the racial make up of the empire.
Germany provided significant investment, and German diplomats became influential, despite Britain being the predominant power in the region, the
Germans helped in retraining and re–equipping the army with weapons. Despite this support, the resources of the Ottomans were depleted by the cost
of the Balkan wars of 1912&1913 and the French, British and Germans offered financial aid to the Ottomans.
A Pro–German faction opposed the Pro–British faction and tried to secure closer relations with Germany. During the Sarajevo crisis in 1914, German
diplomats

Here Dead We Lie By Alfred Edward Housman
The poem "Here dead we lie", by Alfred Edward Housman, is about young soldiers who died fighting in the war for their country. Many soldiers
died because they chose not to coward away and watch the war from the distance. Instead they sacrificed their young life to fight. They thought
there is nothing much to lose, yet they still chose to die for their country because it was a worthy and honorable thing to do. "Perhaps" by Vera
Brittain is a poem dedicated to her fiancГ©, who was killed in the war in 1915. She explains how time has passed, and her thoughts about getting
over her fiancГ©'s death. Many people had lost their loved ones due to the war. Countless of soldiers die leaving their loved ones mourning over their
partner's death. While Vera's

Why Is Nane Offensive Important
Alexander Usi
Lieutenant Nann
Sea Power and Maritime Affairs
19 February 2017
United States Marines at Belleau Wood In May of 1918 the German army launched the Aisne offensive. The Allies believed that city of Paris was in
danger and in response the French army, commander in chief, General PГ©tain sent 16 allied division which included the United States (U.S.) 2nd
Division to halt the German advance. The 4th Marine Brigade was a part of the U.S. 2nd division, and like many U.S. units with the Allied
Expeditionary Force (AEF), had little or no combat experience. The French and British thought lowly of U.S. troops since they had been untested in
modern combat up to that point. In the end the battle, which was primarily fought by U.S. troops, ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
troops first arrived in Europe they had never fought a modern war by Allied standards, this led to a rift not only in the troops on the ground but in
the Allied command. General John Pershing was the commanding General of the AEF. Under orders from the U.S. Secretary of War Newton
Baker, Pershing was instructed to field an American army and not allow American men to be turned over to other Allied units. This idea collided
with the British and French who wanted men, rather than an untested army which lacked experience. The British and French commanders tried
repeatedly to coerce Pershing into changing his mind. When General Ferdinand Foch asked Pershing if he'd rather see the Germans advance past
Loire rather then send his men to British and French units, Pershing replied, "Yes." (Asprey 62) The situation was no better in the field. French and
British officers watched as American troops trained in a fashion that they believed over exerted troops. Colonel Rozet of the French army was
especially irritated by American troops, "[indulging] the illusion that [they] can not profit by the counsel and example of excellent French officers
who have made war for nearly four years; [they have] never made war." (Asprey 63) American troops also viewed their counterparts as hung onto bad
strategy of trench warfare that dominated the overall strategy of the war. General Pershing believed that what was needed was open combat to break
the stalemate. The lack of respect from the

Battle Of Somme Essay
Artillery's Impact of the Battle of Somme The Royal British Army at the time of the Battle of Somme was 256 years old, and they had plenty of
success as an Army. The French Army was 471 years old, and shared in their own success as a military. The success of the Battle of the Somme would
lean heavily on artillery support. The British had 1,500 artillery pieces ranging from light artillery 18 pounder guns, to heavy artillery 15 inch
howitzers. The French brought an equal amount of artillery to support in the success of the mission. Throughout the Great War the British had great
success in using artillery to shape the battlefield, setting the conditions for battle and would do so again in the Battle of Somme.
Joffre, the French Commander ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
The French suffered nearly 200,000 casualties of their own, resulting in a total of 620,000 casualties between the two forces. The Germans with their
heavily fortified positions and the high ground, with minimal effects from the opposing forces constant and persistent bombardment of artillery, only
suffered a minimal estimated amount of 500,000 casualties. Making this joint operation between the French and British armies, the most catastrophic
attack either force had been a part of. Despite their individual history in battle for so many years and success in the majority of battles, the two forces
had ever participated

Battle Of The Marne
The first battle of World War 1, better known as The Battle of the Marne, included many significant battles. This is one battle in particular worth
spotlighting when thinking about the United States Army and its allies. The Battle of the Marne holds such importance to U.S. history and the world.
For the very first time in history, the use of radio intercepts and automotive transport of troops in wartime commenced during this battle. The Battle of
the Marne took place September 6, 1914 through September 12, 1914 some 30 miles from Paris. During this time, the offensive strategy by the French
Army and the British Expeditionary forces resembles what we do in modern day warfare. The use of trench and flanking offensive strategies utilized...
Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
The stand at the Aisne River marks another historic landmark in World War 1. During the end of the battle of the Marne, most German forces had
regrouped in the Aisne River. This marked the beginning of trench warfare. Both opposing forces began to use trenches on the Western front of
the Aisne River. On September 13, 1914, opposing forces began flanking maneuvers in which today we call the Race to the Sea. During the Race
to the Sea, the French failed to remove the German stance north of the Aisne River. Several key factors caused the quick turnaround that caused the
German Armies to retreat. Primarily the German's underestimated French tactics. They realized that once German's First Army was close to Paris,
the French would give in and retreat. While the French in fact were retreating, they were using rail systems to transport troops back and forth. The
German First Army found their advance hampered by broken bridges and rails lines on their side of the French border. This caused shortage in food
supplies and ammunition to German Armies. This major issue also caused the breakdown in communication within German's First and Second
Armies causing huge gaps in their defensive line. This was enough for French and British troops to come up with the plan to flank the gap the
Germans had created during their advancement into Paris. The First Battle of the Marne was a huge success for the French and British Army at the
cost of thousands of troops. This did not end the conflict, but was more of a start of conflicts to come during World War 1. This key victory was able
to push German's back at least 40 to 50 miles from the capital city of

Continental Marines Research Paper
During the American Revolution , the Continental Congress passes a resolution stating that "two Battalions of Marines be raised" for service as
landing forces for the recently formed Continental Navy. The resolution, drafted by future U.S. president John Adams and adopted in Philadelphia,
created the Continental Marines and is now observed as the birth date of the United States Marine Corps.
Serving on land and at sea, the original U.S. Marines distinguished themselves in a number of important operations during the Revolutionary War. The
first Marine landing on a hostile shore occurred when a force of Marines under Captain Samuel Nicholas captured New Province Island in the Bahamas
from the British in March 1776. Nicholas was the first commissioned ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
During this time, Marines received the nickname 'Leathernecks', after the high collar they wore as protection against pirates' saber cuts.
Lieutenant Presley O'Bannon and his Marines marched across 600 miles of the Libyan Desert to storm the Tripolitan city of Derna and rescue the
kidnapped crew of the USS Philadelphia.
The Marines' victory helped protect U.S. ships and secure our trading in the area. As a gesture of respect and praise for the Marines' action at the
Battle of Derna, First Lieutenant O'Bannon was presented a Mameluke sword by the Ottoman Empire vicery, Prince Hamet, which is now the oldest
ceremonial weapon still in use by United States armed forces today.
The Battle of Derna was the Marines' first ground battle on foreign soil and is notably recalled in the Marines' Hymn: "From the Halls of Montezuma
to the shores of Tripoli, we fight our country's battles in the air, on land and sea"
The Mexican–American War played a critical role in defining the border between the two nations that remains in place

Battle Of Britain During Ww2
The topic of my project is the Battle of Britain during the end of June, 1940 during WW2. This was a battle between Hitler german troops and
Britain's army for the United Kingdom so that Hitler could only have to concentrate on the Soviet Union if Britain was erased. This battle happened
soon after Germany and Hitler had won the Battle of France and this left Britain vulnerable. Germany's Blitzkrieg military strategy was very strong
and made them very hard to stop. The British Expeditionary Force was for to evacuate Dunkirk following the Battle of France. Because of this, most
of the equipment and supplies were left in France. They only had one fully equipped division (Canadian). The Germans goal was to achieve air
supremacy over Britain and

Effects Of Opium Wars On China
The Opium Wars (1841–1842) The Opium Wars did not work out well for China in the end it is still important to know about the uprisings in the
British empire during the 19th and 20th centuries. In the 18th century British and other foreign traders illegally exported Opium, a highly addictive
drug, from India to China. The trade became popular in about the 1820's. The addiction to Opium caused China many social and economic disruptions.
The Chinese government wanted to do something about it so they destroyed 20,000 chests of Opium which angered the British and the British
merchants that stored the Opium in the warehouse. 2 drunk British men killed a Chinese man and did not show up to court which angered the Chinese.
Weeks after the murder

The Reasons For The Failure Of World War One
When World War 1 broke out in 1914, both the Central Powers and the Allied Forces believed that it would be over by Christmas. That rationale was
greatly mistaken. WW1 lasted from July 28, 1914, until November 11, 1918. There are many reasons why the war lasted so long, mostly from the
failure of the Scheiffen Plan, new technology, a lack of supplies on the front line, and trenches. All these dilemmas caused a stalemate. The stalemate is
the main reason to blame for the length of the war. On the Western Front, the Germans quickly invaded Belgium and moved efficiently to put the
Scheiffen Plan into effect. The Scheiffen Plan was created so that the German army would not have to fight on two– fronts. By mid September, the plan
had failed for a number of reasons. Because Belgians were able to hold up the Germans at their forts, the British Expeditionary Force was able to then
mobilize and began to arrive in France by August 15. The French then had plenty of time to move north to confront the German... Show more content on
Helpwriting.net ...
WW1 introduced machine guns, modern artillery and airplanes to the battlefield. A farmer created the most destructive weapon of World War 1, a
useable form of barbed wire. It was initially used to fence large sections of the American West, but in World War 1 bared wire was threaded by the
mile in front of the opposing trenches. When soldiers would cross through No Mans Land, they would become intertwined in the wire. During the
beginning of the war, massive artillery barrages were targeted to cutting the enemy's wire, which failed miserably. Also, because soldiers were not
used to new technology advancements, they were not properly trained. Furthermore, many soldiers had difficulty killing the opposing troops and were
horrified as to what they saw which added a great deal of time to the war; another phrase known as shell

What Is Winston Churchill's Philosophies
Throughout human history, extraordinary events have often given rise to extraordinary leadership. In the mid twentieth century, this phenomenon was
best demonstrated by two unique individuals who rose to international prominence during times of exceptional crisis. Specifically, Winston Churchill's
staunch leadership during the Second World War and John F. Kennedy's vision and foresight while countering communist expansion across the globe
revealed extremely influential philosophies of leadership.
As illustration of these distinctive philosophies, this paper will examine these two titans of liberal democracy by way of speeches given at pivotal
moments in their collective histories. To that end, Churchill's "We Shall Fight Them on the Beaches"... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
He outlines the effectiveness of the German military in penetrating the defensive line and cutting off the logistical lines between the Allied armies. He
then acknowledges the great courage, ethics, and loss experienced by three British units defending the French town of Calais by stating of the
4,000–member strong force, "Only 30 unwounded survivors were brought off by the Navy, and we do not know the fate of their comrades." In contrast
to the valor and integrity demonstrated in the defense of Calais, Churchill then goes on to chastise the Belgian King for surrendering to the Germans.
Churchill states: "Suddenly, without prior consultation, with the least possible notice, without the advice of his Ministers and upon his own personal
act, he sent a plenipotentiary to the German Command, surrendered his Army, and exposed our whole flank and means of retreat." By this statement
Churchill is further explaining the reality of German successes on the battlefield while calling out the Belgian's King Leopold III for his complete lack
of ethical

Essay On The Way Of War
When we look at how the American way of war has changed from World War I to the end of the Cold War the U.S military has seen dramatic
changes during each conflict fought. Society has created War institutions and war which is why the War institutions are the why they are and why
war is the why it is. Many Americans view themselves whether they like it or not as peace loving and see war as an aberration, war has been a part
of American history and will continue to be. It is also an integral way the nation developed and continues to develop. Despite some Americans being
divided about war, the United States has justified its wars to defend American lives, property or ideals. The men of government primarily our policy
makers have pushed our ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Both the Army along with the Indians were placed in a no–win situation by the unfortunate timing and circumstances of the fighting. For the Indians
the choice was easy either except assimilation on their reservations or fight for their independence. Both choices were not offering a good outcome. As
for the Army it was a poorly coordinated and at most times conflicting policies of pacification and military actions that placed the Army in an
ever–unpopular situation with the citizens and Soldiers of the U.S. The Soldiers and officers of the Army felt that by forcing the people to give up
their native land and live on barley inhabitable land held no honor, nor did fighting an enemy who for most of the time was pretty much outgunned and
out manned. When the Indian wars finally came to an end there was this renewed push toward professionalism in the United States of America. The
National Guard came to be bringing with it a way for the government to help keep the U.S citizens safe during times when they are needed. From Riots
to national disasters the first ones called in are the National Guard as first responders to handle the situation. Along with the National Guard there were
other changes that began to shape and form the seemly small size Army. As written in the fascinating book American Military History by William T.
Allison, "When the industrialization in the United States and western Europe, the advent of new weapons technology, and lessons learned from the

The Hundred Days Offensive In World War One
World War One began in 1917 when Archduke Ferdinand was assassinated.
During the war, there were the Allies and Central powers along with the many battles included. The Allied countries such as Great Britain, France,
Russia, Italy, United States and Canada were opposing the Central Powers which were Germany, Austria Hungary,
Ottoman Empire and Bulgaria. The Hundred Days Offensive was a series of battles that led to the ending of the first world war. It led to a serious
advantage to victory in World War One.
Among the hundred days were many victories for the allied powers.
Generalissimo Ferdinand Foch took advantage of the disorganization of the German army and ordered a counter offensive. Following the
counteroffensive was the Second
Battle of ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
After this, Foch started plotting some amazing plans for attacks in order to defeat Germany. On September 26th, the American Army attacked in the
MeuseArgonne following by the British First and Third armies the next day that attacked eastwards towards Cambrai. Following that was an attack in
Flanders and the grand finale, the attack on the Hindenburg Line. These attacks were known as the four stage concentric offensive plan. These attacks
brought Germans to their breaking point and forced their own General Erich Von Ludendorff to seek for peace. A note was sent to theUnited States
president Woodrow Wilson which included the acceptance his
"Fourteen Points" for negotiations. Although it took many notes and discussions,
Germany finally signed an Armistice on November 11th, 1918.
Many battles were fought across the globe. Although The Hundred Days
Offensive wasn't a battle itself, it led many vicious battles which resulted to victory for the Allied powers and brought an end to World War One. This
was the "happy ever after" for the Allied powers. With great leaders and ambitious ideas for attacks,
Germans had no

Exploring How the British Could Have Achieved Victory in...
An Investigation into How the British could have achieved victory in the American War of Independence
The American War of Independence was perhaps the first colonial war of independence during the period of European dominance across the globe.
Great Britain, a relatively new country with a stable, democratic government, established an enormous trading empire which stretched from North
America to East India and was the greatest superpower on Earth. It came to be so, firstly by its highly effective navy which allowed it to transport
goods and defeat other rival fleets. Its government of elected officials allowed it to function more effectively compared to an Absolute Monarchy in
terms of generating revenue from its colonies, and finally, ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
It is believed she gave word to Paul Revere that the British were planning on destroying the armouries at Lexington and Concord and thus he spread the
famous line of 'The British are coming!' Many British Generals serving throughout the French–Indian War began to sympathize with the colonists who
fought alongside the British. This meant that many of the experienced and greatest of British Generals, including Gage himself, did not believe that
war was the right option and did not believe in the British cause. So to prevent the catastrophes that Gage caused during the first months of the War,
the British should have given the position to a General who was both capable but also sensible. Historians believe that if General Charles Cornwallis
had of served in his stead then the early British disasters could have been avoided and the colonists would have been crushed in the first few months.
Cornwallis was a competent commander, but when he inherited his Lordship, he often voted against heavy taxation of the colonies. Many blame him
for the British defeat of the War because of his surrender at Yorktown but with his intervention at an earlier date, such a competent commander could
have increased the odds of the British winning the war.
The British Army was a well trained but in no way was it 'battle–hardened'. Being an island nation, Britain predominantly used its navy as its main
weapon and the regular army for sea–to–land assaults e.g. assault on

RAF Core Values
How important are RAF core values in the context of contemporary British society?
"Core values are those values by which we lead our lives and which we aspire to develop in others. The Royal Air Force core values are: Respect,
Integrity, Service and Excellence, nurtured by effective and consistent leadership. These values, rooted in the moral and social development of our
society over many generations, have a unifying function within the Royal Air Force and constitute the founding principles of our ethos as a
warfighting Service." Air Publication 1
The bold introductory quote above contains 2 assumptions: first, that an organisation's core values can be 'rooted in the moral and social development
of our society over many generations'; and second, organisational values can influence the motivations of individuals. If these assumptions are true, it
would follow that organisational core values have a fundamental role to play in any successful organisation. However, outside of initial training
establishments and glossy strategy documents, RAF core values have not enjoyed a profile commensurate with the significance and potential alluded
to above. What are core values; are they enduring? What effect do societal values have on organisations, given that organisations draw their members
from society? A quick 'google' search on the subject of core values reveals a plethora of different subjects ranging from personal development,sociology
, anthropology, psychology,

The Day Canada Became a Nation Essay
In World War I, the victory of the Allies was caused by the turning point of a stalemate on the Western Front of the Battle of Vimy Ridge. It was "the
Canadians willingness to forgo nationalism in the interests of efficiency and effectiveness that marked a new" (Dickson 40) transition of the ending of
war. Through the second battle of Ypres, the Battle of Aras, and observing the previous bloodbath at theBattle of The Somme, the Canadian
Expeditionary Force (C.E.F) perfected their defense tactics and techniques to fight in the evolutionary battle that made Canada a nation.
When Great Britain declared war on Germany in 1914, the Dominion of Canada was automatically motivated to mobilize. Nationalism and
determination got Prime ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
The entire shipment of 22,000 shovels which had cost the government over $29,000 was sold off as scrap in 1917 for $1,400. 2 Other weaponry
included colt machine guns and even Canadian made boots, "...many of which fell apart in the rain of Salisbury Plain, were all criticized and
eventually replaced with British issue" (Dickson 35). The C.E.F battle tactics were renewed and artillery was adopted throughout the course of 1914 to
1916, bringing success to the Battle of Vimy Ridge. On 22 April 1915 the second Battle of Ypres established the reputation of the Canadians' being a
fighting force. This was created through the Ypres Salient, which is where the British and allied line pushed into the German line in a concave bend.
The Germans held the higher ground and were able to fire into the allied trenches from the north, the south and the east, but the Allies prearranged
defense strategies: On the Canadian right was the British Expeditionary Force, and on their left was the 48th Algerian and 87th Territoral French, which
were militia regiment enlisted into service a French division.3 On April 22 the Germans sought to remove the Salient by introducing a new weapon of
modern warfare– poison gas. Following an intensive artillery bombardment, they released 160 tons of chlorine gas from cylinders dug into the forward
edge of their trenches into a light northeast wind.4 "As thick clouds of yellow–green chlorine drifted over their trenches the French

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