Introdtion, Classification, Extraction and its effects

1. By
Dr. Harshali G. Wankhade
Assistant Professor
Department of Chemistry
Shri Shivaji Science College Amravati
Maharashtra

2. Natural Products

5. • Tobacco is a plant - also known as Nicotiana tabacum
• Naturally contains over 2,500 chemicals - one of them
being nicotine
• When the tobacco plant is ripe, leaves are harvested,
dried, fermented and aged
• Processed leaves are now ready to be used in tobacco
products
• Nicotine: IUPAC Name- 3-(1-methyl-2-pyrrolidinyl)pyridine.
It is a bicyclic compound with a pyridine cycle
and a pyrrolidine cycle. The molecule possesses
an asymetric carbon and so exists in two
enantiomeric compounds.
What is tobacco?

6. Sacred Tobacco Commercial Tobacco
• Naturally grown
• Gift from the creator
• Used in ceremony, prayer
and rituals for thousands
of years.
• Can have spiritual,
cultural and medicinal
purposes
• Manufactured by the
tobacco industry (AKA
“Big Tobacco”)
• Made with harmful
chemical additives
• Used for recreation
• Sold for-profit - only
benefits tobacco
companies

12. Nicotine during “construction” can:
• Risk for mood disorders
• Risk for addiction and further substance use
• Harm the part of the brain that helps to focus and learn
• Sensitive to the rewarding effects of nicotine
Nicotine and the Brain
The brain is still “under construction” until ~ age 25

13. Withdrawal symptoms
 Irritability
 Headache
 Coughing
 Insomnia
 Depression
 Anxiety
 Restlessness
 Nausea
 Dizziness
 Difficulty concentrating
 Physical and psychological dependency

21. OPIUM
1. Opium poppy, Papaver somniferum var. album, is the
species of plant from which opium and poppy seeds
are extracted.
2. The Latin botanical name means, loosely, the
"sleep‐bringing poppy, white form", referring to the
sedative properties of some of these opiates.
3. The plant itself is also valuable for ornamental
purposes, and has been known as the "common
garden poppy“.
4. Poppy seeds of Papaver somniferum are an important
food item and the source of poppyseed oil, a healthy
edible oil that has many uses. Poppy seeds are called

22. OPIUM
1. Opium (raw opium) is the latex harvested by making
incisions on the green capsules (seed pods). Poppy
straw is the dried mature plant except the seeds,
harvested by mowing.
2. Morphine is the predominant alkaloid found in the
varieties of opium poppy plant cultivated in most
producing countries.
3. Poppies as medicine: Australia, Turkey and India are
the major producers of poppy for medicinal purposes
and poppy‐based drugs, such as morphine or codeine.
4. In medicine, the term opiate describes any of the
narcotic opioid alkaloids found as natural products in

23. There are a number of broad classes of opioids
1. Natural opiates: alkaloids contained in the resin of the
opium poppy, primarily morphine, codeine, and thebaine,
papaverine and noscapine
2. Semi‐synthetic opioids: created from the natural opiates,
such as hydromorphone, hydrocodone, oxycodone,
oxymorphone, desomorphine, diacetylmorphine (heroin),
nicomorphine, dipropanoylmorphine, benzylmorphine
and ethylmorphine
3. Fully synthetic opioids: such as fentanyl, pethidine,
methadone, tramadol and dextropropoxyphene;
4. Endogenous opioid peptides, produced naturally in the

24. withdrawalsymptoms
It include severe
Dysphoria
Sweating
Nausea
Rhinorrea
Depression
Severe Fatigue
Vomiting
Pain
The acute withdrawal phase is often followed by a protracted
phase of depression and insomnia that can last for months.

26. Heroin
1. Diacetylmorphine, or heroin, was first synthesized from
morphine in 1874.
2. It is formed simply by adding two acetyl groups. Heroin
is around three times more potent than morphine. Its
increased lipid solubility allows heroin to cross the
blood‐brain barrier more quickly. The drug is
reconverted back to morphine before it binds to
brain‐tissue receptors.
3. Heroin initially was marketed in 1898 by the Bayer
Company of Germany. It was used as a cough remedy.
4. Because morphine proved to be addictive, doctors
began using heroin as a pain killer for surgery.

44. Natural Dyes

45. Natural Dyes

46. Natural Dyes

48. Preperation ofNatural Dyes

51. Other extraction methods

52. Classification of natural dyes
On the Basis of –
1. Source
2. Chemical Composition
3. Applications

53. On the basis of source

55. On the basis of chemical composition

56. On the basis of applications

57. Classificationof mordants
On the basis of source they classified into-
1. Natural mordants dye
2. Synthetic mordants dye
Natural mordants dye

59. synthetic mordants dye

61. Mordanting methods

62. Some commonaly used dyes