Introduction. Distillation

1. By
Dr. Harshali G. Wankhade
Assistant Professor
Department of Chemistry
Shri Shivaji Science College Amravati
Maharashtra

2. Petroleum Products

3. What is crude oil and what are petroleum products?
Crude oil and Petroleum are known as fossil fuels because they are
mixtures of hydrocarbons that formed from the remains of animals
and plants.
PetroleumProducts

4.  The word petroleum (literally “rock oil” from the Latin petra, “rock” or
“stone,” and oleum, “oil”) was first used in 1556 in a treatise published by
the German mineralogist Georg Bauer, known as Georgius Agricola.
 Petroleum, complex mixture of hydrocarbons that occur in Earth in liquid,
gaseous, or solid form.
 The term is often restricted to the liquid form, commonly called crude
oil, but, as a technical term, petroleum also includes natural gas and the
viscous or solid form known as bitumen, which is found in tar sands.
 The liquid and gaseous phases of petroleum constitute the most
important of the primary fossil fuels.
 Almost all crude oil ranges from 82 to 87 percent carbon by weight and
12 to 15 percent hydrogen. The more-viscous bitumens generally vary
from 80 to 85 percent carbon and from 8 to 11 percent hydrogen.

5. Crude oil consists of a closely related series of complex hydrocarbon
compounds that range from gasoline to heavy solids. The various mixtures
that constitute crude oil can be separated by fractional distillation.
Separation Of Petroleum Products From Crude Oil