Medieval Music 500-1450

Medieval Music 500-1450
1. Medieval period ca. Advertisement 500–1450.
Two composers about this period are: (Hildegregard of Bingen What's more Leonin–ca. ). – those
primary 500 quite some time from claiming this period, those pre–dominate kind of music might
have been alluded should as Gregorian chant, a monophonic vocal music that might have been sung
Previously, church. Those stayed of the time saw a bit by bit evolving unpredictability in the music
from serenade comprising of a absolute melodic line will two part composing called organum,
Furthermore At last should polyphonic consecrated (religiously based) compositions known as
motets (often setting of prayers) Furthermore massenet (settings for specific writings from the
custom move fact Mass). A large portion ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Twentieth century 1900–Present. Two composers for this period are: (Philip Glass What's more
Aron Copland). – this might have been those practically varied of the chronicled periods. More
styles existed side–by–side Throughout this duration of the time over whatever viable. Radically
new methodologies will composing music created Furthermore were generally embraced. The
acknowledgement Toward composers about cacophony as An alluring caliber in music prompted the
abandonment Toward a number listeners of genuine music energetic about more well known styles.
For history cacophony clinched alongside music very nearly invariably determined to consonance.
Cacophonous sounds, which soundbox merciless What's more had a tendency to grate on the ear,
made a flimsy feeling for those audience which required An move will additional stable, pleasant
sound, a consonant heartless. That is how cacophony required been took care of for a long time.
Composers utilized cacophony uninhibitedly without feeling those requirement on mollify its
impact Toward determining it with a consonant callous. Same time large portions composers
embraced this new atonal style from claiming writing, other dismisses it. The us turned into an real
musical compel Throughout this
... Get more on HelpWriting.net ...

Turning Points In Medieval Music
There are many categories of turning points we can discover and value, but looking at the intervalic
relationships in the harmony throughout these 1,650 years makes it much easier to determine the
definitive turning points. This advantage comes from the notion that harmony can be studied in a
very scientific manner. Composers undoubtedly use specific intervals for specific reasons in a
period of history, which provides clear evidence of actual changes in music. For example, the
medieval harmony from the middle ages contains mostly intervals of the perfect fifth, the perfect
fourth, octave, and unison (typically on the final note). At the time, these intervals dominated the
harmonic and melodic structures because of the musicians' natural ability ... Show more content on
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About a minute and a half into it, the harmony moves in full triads and thirds, particularly on the
words "virginem ornare." To achieve this, Dufay had a bass pedal tone with two voices on top in a
combination of fourths and thirds (and sixths) above the bass. In doing this, he gains control of the
direction of the harmony, simply because there are more options. Although the third was considered
dissonant in the middle ages, gradually over time the interval was accepted as consonant on a
cultural level. Eventually, composers began to realize that they could expand their creativity and
control exponentially with the implementation of the third. Just as the original superparticular ratios
in the medieval music opened the doors for thirds to be incorporated into the melodies and
harmonies, these harmonic practices could have theoretically lead to any other

Describe The Relationship Between Clausula And The Early...
The most important feature of medieval music is that a lot of musical theories and techniques which
people use these days were settled in this period. Composers need a musical notation to express
their musical ideas as composers need language and letters to communicate with other people.
Body: (1300)
In the late thirteenth century, a genre 'Motet' became popular as organum and conductus were
gradually disappeared and 'fell out of fashion'. This genre is similar to the way that a textual trope
and sequence are originated from Gregorian Chants. The Motet was created on the basis of the
discant clausula. In Notre Dame School in twelfth and thirteenth centuries, because Leonin's
clausula was able to be substituted for Perotin's new clausula, the clausula began to be treated as an
independent composition in those days. Therefore, "the clausula began to take on a life of its own, a
life that was responsible for the creation of the motet." ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
The first is that the works as in clausula or motets with the same context can be written and
composed by musicians and performers might modify those compositions over time while they
sang. The second idea is that the musicians had added texts to melismetic music. It was a little
development that could identify what motet is. That is, composers could include more vocal parts
such as duplum and triplum. Motet is evolved from "a textual trope of a clausula to a newly
composed piece valued for its complex patterns and multiple layers of meaning." Philippe de Vitry
and Guillaume de Machaut in the following century were also the leading composers of medieval

Compare And Contrast Renaissance Music And Medieval Music
The Medieval period began in 500 A.D. and ended in 1450 A.D. During this time in particular, the
Catholic Church had significant influence on how music was used and created. Sacred music, for
example, was most prevalent because of this. Due to the religious nature of this period, music in the
church had to adhere to very specific regulations, some of which included prayers such as
plainchants or Gregorian chants. A single melody without harmony, or one musical part sung
together in unison, is called a Monophonic melody, which was sung primarily by monks. Some time
later, around 900 A.D., the using of two melodic lines was permitted by the church, this music was
called organum. A low, continuous note called a drone, was sung at the same time as the main
melody. The two melodies were often moving in contrasting motion to each other. By the Late–
Medieval period, 1100 A.D., the music of the church had shifted from monophonic to more
polyphonic, often two or more varying parts. The Renaissance period, from 1450 A.D. to 1600 A.D.,
comprised of two main types of music, sacred and secular. In comparison with the Medieval period,
where music was usually reserved for church purposes, the Renaissance period allowed music to
expand beyond the church into upper aristocratic society. Sacred music included motets and mass,
while secular included madrigals, instrumental and dance music. Motets initially came about during
the late Medieval period, but grew sizably during the Renaissance,

Characteristics Of Musical Notation In Ars Subtilior Music
Musical Notation in Ars Subtilior Music
Introduction
During the 14th century, a new style of polyphony developed in France. This new style, called ars
nova, was characterized by a new system of rhythmic notation allowing the use of duple and triple
division of note values, as well as complex syncopations. Around 1370, several composers in
Avignon and southern France moved away from the style of the ars nova motet to develop a highly
refined and intricate style distinguished by extremely complex rhythmic notation. The new trend
soon spread into northern Italy, northern Spain, and as far as Cyprus. In his Tractatus cantus
mensurabilis, Philippus de Caserta, one of the composers of the ars nova period, described that later
style as an artem magis subtiliter, or a "more subtle art."
Musicologist Ursula Günther was the first, in 1950, to use the term "ars subtilior" to refer that
complex musical style, which is the term widely used by musicologists today . In this paper, I am
going to talk about the characteristic musical notation in Chantilly Codex of Ars Subtilior Music and
its historical significance in Medieval music history. In addition, I will also make a reflection on the
characteristics between the musical notation in Ars Subtilior and notations in modern music.
Appearance of the "New Art"
The final decades of the fourteenth century witnessed one of the strangest developments on the
entire history of music. Characterized primarily by extremes of notational and

The Death Influenced Music Of The Medieval And Renaissance...
In this essay I will discuss how death influenced artists in the Medieval and Renaissance era. I will
do this by explaining the view of death and its sacraments in society. By examining events around
this period I can determine the reason behind such attitudes. I will then apply this knowledge to four
works by artists from 1400–1500. I will examine how these societal perceptions influenced the
narrative behind the work. I will conclude that the view of death and the dying man had a great
impact on the art of these periods.
The subject of death in Medieval and Renaissance art was predominant. With the rise of the Black
Death during the fourteenth century many art works centred on hell, the dying man, and
anthropomorphising death. Instead ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
A death which was sudden was shamed and was often interpreted as the "wrath of God"[2]. Death is
depicted in its traditional form as a skeleton covered by a shroud. In his hand he carries an arrow
ready to strike. Furthermore, the armoury in the foreground symbolises the fragility of the human
condition in the face of death. Armour is no longer of use; you could not fight death, you had to
accept it. Looking closely at the painting, we observe the inner battle between religion and
possession. The miser while looking directly at Death reaches for a bag of gold which is being used
by a demon to tempt him away from salvation. "Infernal imps invade the dying man's room taking
his possessions; even those hidden under the bed and in his money box"[3]. Next to him, an angel is
desperately trying to make the man turn his head to the figure of Christ in the window. A ray of light
from Christ symbolises the miser's possible salvation if he turns away from the materialistic reality.
The dull colour scheme is interrupted by the old man stood at the foot of the bed. His green drapes a
welcome contrast to the composition breaking up the narrative. With a key and rosary beads hanging
around his waist, does this depict continuous narrative? Has the angel succeeded in persuading the
miser to take salvation with God? We can assume yes. "During the Medieval and Renaissance
period people

Hildegard's O Rubor Sanguinis, And The Gregorian Chants
Life in the Middle Ages revolved around the Church, which was the Roman Catholic. So, we can
imagine early music was pretty much from church. Every morning at 9 o'clock was Mass, a
significant ceremony done to commemorate the Last Supper. At this church service, the music was
the Gregorian Chant. The Gregorian chant is performed in the Latin language, unison voice and
accompanied by no instruments which was believed that the text of the song which carried the
divine message from God was more important. The music was just to help you get to a spiritual
place (Wright, 4–1a). A woman named Hildegard of Bingen wrote a Gregorian chant piece called" O
Rubor Sanguinis (O Redness of Blood). As the tenth child of her parents, they gave her as a tithe to
the church. In turn, she received a great education especially learning to write and note music as
well as founded her own convent. Gregorian chants were either composed by men or women, it was
a rule of the church that both gender wasn't allowed to sing together. Men could sing in the church
or monasteries while women were more to convents. So, in Hildegard's O Rubor Sanguinis, you
hear only women voices as was the case with most of her music. Listening to the song, I can hear
the women's voices in unison which makes it easy to follow the melody. I can't clap to find a beat to
it which is understandable because it's sacred music and meant for prayer and meditation. You also
hear multiple notes being sung to one syllable or

Medieval Music Research Paper
MEDIEVAL
Medieval music period was around the 1940s.The music era was influenced by troubadours,
Trouveres , and minstrels who musicians that were poetical too.They created their songs around
peace,myths , legends and Nobel characters like knights and princes but in society, everything
wasn't good it was bad because they lived in unhygienic places etc.Thomas tallis is a mediaeval
composer he was born in 1505 in England and died 1585 and on 23rd of November in Kent
Greenwich and was buried St alfeges church Greenwich. Thomas most famous pieces are 'if ye love
me 'and 'god we grant grace'.Nearly all of Thomas music is just vocals only which mean it's
acapella.In one of Thomas songs called spem in alium there were 40 voices used which is quite ...
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they made more woodwind music during this time than using strings mostly.there also upgrades in
music to do with the piano,influenced by opera houses and concerts.One of the most famous
composers of this time was Mozart (1756–1791)who created the pieces Turkish march and the
music he used was opera, symphony, concerto, choral, instrumental and vocal music, revealing an
amazing number of outstanding unforgettable masterpieces.(1770–1827 )Beethoven was another
famous composer his famous pieces are Turkish march and Sonata in C KV 545.haydn was one of
the earliest composers 1732–1809. he was Austrian his works consist of Piano Sonata nº 59 in E flat,
Hob. XVI:49 and Kleine

Gregorian Era
In the Middle Ages from 450 AD to 1450,AD nearly a thousand years begin the birth of Western
music and the arts. Unlike the music and arts from other eras the culture of arts and music was
enormously sacred and closed minded where only the wise could be involved with those. Even the
rich and the noble were unable to reach, but only the wise and educated ones were the only ones to
pursue. Therefore, most music during the medieval was in voice; although instruments were present,
they were unpopular and considered to be the evil. Most of the songs that were created were the
Gregorian chant and it becomes one major genre and considered to be a religious music that was
used to reflect their spiritual faith and belief. According to history, in the middle Ages, the
Gregorian chant is considered as the grandfather of all Western music. It all begins around early 450
AD during the Roman Empires, when some religious groups monks started to compose music for
their gatherings and church services. ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
According the book, Music: An Appreciation (Brief), she was the head of the nuns abbess of
Rupertsberg in Germany and she was active in religious and diplomatic affairs. Moreover, she was
the first woman composer from whom many of works–monophonic sacred songs–have survived. In
fact, according to the Kemien, she also wrote poetry and music; treatises on theology, science, and
medicine; and a musical drama, Ordovirtutum (Play of the Virtues), which is the earliest known
morality play. The "O successors" is a song is simply about her successor to Christ. She implies a
technique called a drone which is a sustaining tone or the fundamental frequency that plays or sings
in the background with the melody which gives a more bass tone on the

Beautiful Music of the Middle Ages
Beautiful music is the art of the prophets that can calm the agitations of the soul, it is one of the
most magnificent and delightful presents God has given us –Martin Luther. Music was a part of life
then and it is a part of life today. Without music, life itself would be a mistake. Seeing the changes
over the years is a great way to follow the patterns and differences this way of communicating has
shown us. Some of the more popular music was the Gregorian Chant, Organum, Motet and
Madrigal.
In the early Middle Ages around 590 ACE the Gregorian Chant was popularized by Pope Gregory
the Fourth. The Gregorian Chant was a form of monophonic tune of the Roman Catholic Church
(Music Through the Ages). Monophonic is a musical style employing a single melodic line without
accompaniment. This style was oral by tradition and only served as a memory aid for a singer who
already knew the melody (http://en.wikipedia.org). Memorizing is a difficult task, it is even harder
to memorize music that was taught to them orally. Gregorian melodies are traditionally written
using neumes, an early form of musical notation (http://www.britannica.com). These neumes later
formed the modern four and five line staff development. Being a monophonic tune the Gregorian
Chant was losing interest and a new style was born.
In the Musica Enchiriadis "musical handbook", Organum consisted of two melodic lines moving
simultaneously note against note. Organum changed the way of music for the medieval people;

Plainchant Compare And Contrast
The plainchants Viderunt Omnes by Anonymous and O viridissima virga by Hildegard of Bingen
are both compositions that were created during the Medieval Age, also known as the Middle Age.
The purpose of these pieces were to be served usually in Roman Catholic Churches as music of
worship. Although these two songs are known as plainchants, meaning they are usually monophonic
and the melody usually does not change, both pieces have many similarities and differences. In my
personal opinion, I believe that these two piece are more different than they are similar. For
example, Viderunt Omnes is polyphonic for a majority of its duration because it sounds to be sung
in unison by a choir and not by a singular person. O viridissima virga on the other

Christian Music Vs Medieval Music
Music has been a common influence amongst many different cultures for many centuries. It is the
gateway that many cultures use to express their way of life. For example, in many cultures, they use
music for praise and worship, for entertainment, and for mourning.During the semester we've
discussed many and different types of people and their cultures. Some cultures, such as the Christian
Era, the Buddhist Era, and the Medieval Era have different values and attitudes in which they use
music. To begin with, in the Early Christian Era, music was considered sensuous and emotional.
This meant that when music was played, it would be interpreted in a sexually or physical manner in
which the church did not approve of. In the text, its state that ("

Early Medieval Music : The Medieval Era Of Music
After the fall of the Roman Empire, in 450 the Medieval Era of music began. Early medieval music
was influenced by the Roman Catholic Church with most compositions being sacred and not
secular. Gregorian Chant was a melody set to sacred texts and is sung without accompaniments.
There was also no meter, monotone texture, narrow pitch range and varied melody movements.
Hildegard of Bingen was a female composer who wrote many Gregorian Chants, one being Kyrie
the first part of the Mass. As far as secular music, the troubadours and trouveres were responsible
for creating songs mostly about love. The Medieval Era was responsible for developing polyphony
in music.
After a thousand years the Renaissance Era began with advancements in music as well as the real
world with explorers like Columbus traveling the globe making new discoveries. This era saw new
instruments such as the organ, lute, and recorder come into fruition. The mass remained to be an
important sacred music in addition to the motet. Motets were any sacred music other than the mass.
Josquin Des Prez composed both masses and motets. The madrigal was a secular vocal music
created during this time that used polyphony and word painting which is essentially used to enhance
meaning and emotion of a text. The Renaissance Era was responsible for developing polyphonic
imitation with homophonic voices.
The Baroque Era began in 1600 with the creation instrumental music and the Baroque Orchestra, a
group of instrumentalist playing

Food In Medieval Times
Food. humans depend on it , without food, everyone would end up dying. People in the medieval
times did not have McDonalds or Burger King, no, they made a foundation to the food humans eat
today. Gathering food for the kings and peasants was difficult , it required hard work and
determination, but in the end, the kings and peasants received their food, and food was changing the
world. Society dramatically changed due to peasants and kings eating different food options, feasts,
and the Black Plague.
For those living in the manor house, there was a ride range of food available. According to
medieval–life.net, "Fowl such as capons, geese, larks, and chickens were usually available to the
lord and his family." This was because those living in the manor house were so high up in the social
class, that they had these food options. themedievalclassroom.com states that " Vegetables and fruits
were not often part of their diet as they were seen as peasant ... Show more content on
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Melitta Weiss Adamson writes in her book "Food in Medieval Times", "Aside from the diners, the
"actors "in the spectacle that was a medieval feast were the household staff." (162). This shows that
there were many key contributors for a medieval feast. "From the top down they included the
steward, who ran the entire household, the marshal, who was his chief official at dinner, the head
waiter and the taster, known as the sewer, the head of the pantry, known as the pantler, the person in
charge of the drinks, known as the "butler," the ewerer in charge of the hand washing and linen, the
carver, and the lord's cupbearer. This shows that the lord of that time had my "actors" that each had
a specific job to help the lord. (162). "but at royal feasts, noblemen would be given some of the
royal duties, but at royal feasts nobleman would be given some of the serving duties in the hall."
This was because for the royal feasts, the best of the best was

Medieval Music And England During The Time Of 1066-1500
Medieval Music in England from 1066–1500s
What significant developments or achievements from Medieval Music in England during the time of
1066–1500 CE has had an impact on today's music and how?
The Medieval Times had a lot of trading and invasions of new lands. Countries exchanged ideas to
other countries, introducing new discoveries and inventions. During Medieval England, music was a
current and changing development, with composers changing their music all the way to the growth
and decisions of the Catholic Church. But without other foreign countries and kingdoms such as
France and Germany, todays would have not been what it is now. The Importance of Medieval
Music in England
Music was a very important asset to the peoples' society. According to historians, the medieval
period was the beginning of the unbroken tradition of notated Western music. Music was the one
thing that all classes could enjoy, royals, nobles, women, slaves, anyone could listen to music being
played out on the streets. Music was used in cathedrals and abbeys, dances and was even part of
poetry. Most of the poetry from the Medieval Period known today were sung in front of crowds
during events and festivals. Vocal music was very important in churches and worshipping. Back in
the medieval time, there weren't any radios, so all of the music was played live. Festivals,
celebrations and the holiday season were very popular times for music. During an important holiday,
Mayday, the dancers danced to high

How Did Polyphonic Music Develop During The Medieval Period?
The medieval period ,which included the social and religious developments, roughly spanned from
about 500–1450 A.D. Due to the domination of the Catholic Church during this era, it was a time of
heavy church influence and thus sacred music was the most prevalent .
Beginning with the one melody line Gregorian Chant, that is linked to the development of the
Christian liturgy, it is a pure and simple style of melody that lasted over 1,500 years because it
stroked a strong sensitive and spiritual chord with individuals. Christians preserved many of the
practices, traditions or worship by singing hymns and offering prayers by singing psalms from the
bible. Later sacred music slowly developed into a polyphonic music called Organum (one or more
voice parts), which was ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Nevertheless, he was worried that while chanting hymns his affections were drawn more to the
"well–trained, melodious voices" than the meaning of music or worship itself. While he recognized
the value of music and that is to stir one's mind to greater religious passion and kindle a more
zealous flame of holiness, he also thought of it as a grievous sin when the music itself brought more
enjoyment than the words it conveyed. Nevertheless, Augustine recognized that King David was
ordained as a instrumentalist, and good quality music communicated religious truth, for "the rational
and well–ordered concord of diverse sounds in harmonious variety suggests the compact unity of
the well–ordered city." He believed that music could stir reverent feelings to great certainties,
remarkably when well–delivered. However, when musical gifts were stressed over the religious
intent, this grieved the Holy Spirit.
What is Augustine's 'music'? In attempting to answer this question, I shall examine Augustine's De
Musica and his Confessions and talk about how he thinks music should be and how music really
was during his

The Three Eras Of The Medieval, Renaissance And Baroque...
The three most well–known, and arguably most important, musical eras in western civilizations
would be the; medieval, Renaissance and Baroque time periods. With the basics of music with
Gregorian chant and organum from the medieval era to the newfound polyphony texture from the
Renaissance and the equal temperament and major–minor tonality of the baroque era; Each time
period brings a part of the foundation that most past, present, and future music is and will be based
on. While it may seem that these three eras or completely different, they do contain several
underlying similarities. Beginning at around 476 AD, the medieval era is mostly related to the
church as most music from this era is sacred. The style of this era, the Gregorian chant is
monophonic only comprising of the plainchant (or the single– line melodies of early church music)
in texture only comprising of the plainchant (or the single– line melodies of early church music). It
is not until the arrival of the French composers Léonin and Pèrotin in 1100 and 1200 respectively
that polyphony would be incorporated into musical worship with the "decoration" of Gregorian
chant with one or more simultaneous musical lines, thus transitioning from Gregorian chant to
Organum. During this era, most of the music and roles for musicians belonged to the church except
for the troubadours of southern France and the trouvères of northern France. The music was
responsorial between the mass and the father during church and was

Clausula In Nineteenth-Century France And Italy
Starting in the early 1200's, a clausula could be taken from its native location in a more vast
polyphonic piece and presented as an independent creation with the higher voice singing newly
affixed French or Latin words. A substitute clausula can be used for a church holiday like Easter or
Christmas.
Parallel Organum was an early kind of polyphony where an affixed voice proceeds in precise
parallel to a chant, usually a perfect fourth or fifth below it. A Florid Organum is when voices move
in a melismatic fashion; the chant is sustained in prolonged notes in the deeper voice(also known as
the tenor), while the higher voice sings embellished phrases of assorted lengths.
14th–century France was referred to as "Ars Nova" and 14–century Italy was referred to as
"Trecento." The Ars Nova was named for the Ars Nova Treatise, ascribed to Philippe de Vitry.
France and Italy both had significant breakthroughs with musical composition: France had the
Roman de Fauvel, a satirical poem that incorporated music and portrayed modern affairs. Italy had a
lavishly embellished compilation called the Squarcialupi Codex that consists of 354 songs for two
or three parts. In addition, Italy's polyphonic Ballata was a lyrical composition with an AbbaA
arrangement that is similar to a stanza in the French virelai. ... Show more content on
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The madrigal is typically for two comparably alike voices that sometimes imitate one another and
sing lengthy melismas on the final emphasized syllable of each stanza. The caccia is a canon that
generally includes a text about hunting. On the other hand, the earliest instances of isorhythm
originated from the motets in Roman de

Medieval Music : The Music Of The Medieval Period
This period was the longest period of musical history. Most of the music in the medieval period
were related and dedicated to religion.
Many of the instruments used were ancestors of the modern musical instruments. The lute, the string
instrument, a popular instrument of the medieval time period, eventually evolved into guitars.
Recorders, also from this period, is one of the oldest woodwind and the forefather of the flute and
clarinet.
The early music of this period was monophonic, it only had one line of melody without any
harmony or accompaniment but had Gregorian chant, which came with religious music.
During the 11th century, music appeared with the forefather of harmony: two or more lines of
harmony.
The music was also very monotone and plain
Music were composed by monks and most of the medieval music is anonymous; the names of the
composers were either lost or never written down. However, extremely important composers had
their work credited. Such as Hildegard of Bingen, Guillaume de Machaut, Comtessa de Dia, Peter
Abelard.
Many important composers were also female; the era included a large number of female composers
because they were educated (compared to baroque, classical and romantics period where patriarchy
was at its peak).
While religious music still dominated, secular music became more popular . New instruments were
invented and older instruments, such as the lute, evolved.
The harpsichord (that later became the piano) was invented during this time.

Perotin Is Hailed As A Kind Of Mozart Of His Time
Pérotin is hailed as a sort of Mozart of his time. He was a scholarly musician and musical innovator
. Pérotin is called by many different names: Perotinus – his Latin Name and Perotinus Magnus –
Pérotin the Great ; and even "optimus discantor", or great composer of discant. According to
Hussman, Pérotin was a court composer for Notre Dame, but his connection to Notre Dame is not
entirely confirmed. It is because of an account by the English traveler Anonymous IV and letters to
a Bishop that it is accepted that Pérotin was associated with Notre Dame. Whether he wrote
specifically for Notre Dame or not, Pérotin wrote magnificent music that has been preserved for
several centuries to this day .
The life of Pérotin is uncertain and full of speculation. Different scholars have very diverse ideas of
Pérotin's life. Tischler believed that Pérotin was born sometime between 1155 and 1160. He also
stated that he was a pupil of Leonin, the composer of the Magnus liber. Pérotin is believed to have
to have been a better organum composer the Leonin himself and even revised the Magnus liber at
the end of the 12th century between 1180 and 1190 . In revising the Magnus liber, Pérotin composed
and inserted his own clausula and puncta, such as Alleluya Nativitas into the Magnus liber. The
works of Pérotin are known to be beautiful and thoughtfully voiced with colorful textural
harmonies. Sometime after revising the Magnus liber, Pérotin began composing three–voice
organum. Later in his life,

The Importance Of Medieval Music
We ask ourselves, does medieval music need to be protected against certain types of scholarly
approaches? In the 14th century to 15th century it was important for the people to follow certain
approaches and interpretations with music. Many men and women withdrew from the materialistic
world, and devoted themselves to church; they devoted themselves to lives of prayer or theology. In,
Elizabeth Eva Leach's article, "Gendering the Semitone, Sexing the Leading Tone: Fourteenth–
Century Music Theory and the Directed Progression, "Reading and Theorizing Medieval Music
Theory: Interpretation and Its Contexts," and in Sarah Fuller's article, "Concerning Gendered
Discourse in Medieval Music Theory: Was the Semitone 'Gendered Feminine?" these summaries
consist a contrast why the authors argument why medieval music was an integral part of everyday
life for people living in the 14th century through 15th century . These authors both have a different
viewpoint of how masculinity and feminine were influenced under the power of the church and
composers who exemplified these ideals, and brought the compositions out of church and spread it
across Western Europe. They both agreed that music and semitones were influenced by gender, but
disagreed how feminine and masculine affected people in a certain approach. Music of the medieval
era included liturgical music used for church and chants, and consisted a lot of voice exchanges
from instruments and choral music. Composers had a strict way

The Evolution of the Motet Essay
The Evolution of the Motet
The Evolution of the Motet
Throughout the history of music, there have been few styles that not only have opened doors to
masterwork compositions in their own genres, but have also led the way to other musical techniques
over the musical eras and one of these magical music styles is the motet. The motet can easily be
confused with other musical structures but what separates the motet from other types of group–
performance based styles of music is "a piece of music in several parts with words."1 This is the
closest definition of motet as can be said without overgeneralization and will operate from the
beginning of the 13th century well into the late 16th century and beyond. Some scholars ... Show
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"Medieval motets tended to be isorhythmic; that is, they employed repeated rhythmic patterns in all
voices–not only the cantus firmus–which did not necessarily coincide with repeating melodic
patterns."2 This new isorhythmic principle, brought on mostly by the composer Machaut, was used
not only in the tenor voice but also rather with much more freedom in the upper voice parts. The
application of discant over a cantus firmus marked the beginnings of this new revolutionary style,
the motet, in Western music. The key motet composers in the medieval period were few in number;
Phillip de Vitry and Machaut were one of the earliest composers to institute the isorhythmic
technique, which set the style for other medieval composers like Willelmus de Winchecumbe.
Guillaume de Machaut was a more famous named late–medieval composer to institute the discant
which caught on in other music styles and only helped to evolve the motet into its later stylings.
These composers helped carry the motet to the new Flemish motet style.
The Flemish style of motets marked the peak of the motet, in my opinion. The Flemish motet was
more polished and refined while in contrast, the medieval motet was a diamond in the rough.

Guido Of Arezzo Music Theory
When did music begin? Music began 1,000 CE. Music just didn't always come as it is. There were
many music improvements by a man named Guido D'Arezzo. Also known as Guido of Arezzo. He
was born in 991 AD, in Arezzo Italy. He died in 1050, of Avellana, Italy. Guido of Arezzo ,ade a
huge part in the music theory. Guido was a medieval era. The things he developed and studied were
musical notation, hexachord, solmization, organum, and gamut. Guido made a huge part in the
music theory. He made the music notation. Musical notation was a visual record of an imaged or
heard musical set of some visual instructions or sound for a performance. This form will usually
take a printed or written form and is a very difficult process. In musical notation the main musical
sounds are the location of a musical sound on a scale and pitch. Than Guido of Arezzo made the
hexachord. Hexachord is important in music. The hexachord is a six–note pattern that is comparable
to the first six–notes of the major scale. Those notes are, C–D–E–F–G–A. The hexachord was
related in the Renaissance musical theory and in medieval. This strategy was greatly used in the
learning of singing. This form gave the person who was singing a good pitch. This helped with
melodies and the reading of music. The names of the notes on the hexachord are ut, re, mi, fa, sol,
and la. This is also known as solmization. Each of the hexachords will include only one semitone
between the sounds of mi and fa. A Semitone is

The Roles Of Vocal Music In The Middle Ages
acred vocal music has developed dramatically over time and is still continuing to do so. This type of
music in the Middle Ages was very simple compared to the religious vocal music in the Classical
Era. Some differences in the two include the textures of the music, the harmonies throughout the
piece, dynamics and rhythm, and even what the sacred music was about.
The music of the early Christian church featured monophonic, nonmetric melodies set in the church
modes or scales. Sacred vocal music in the Middle Ages, like Gregorian Chants, are set to latin texts
and sung unaccompanied with a single line melody, making them a monophonic. Gregorian chants
have small leaps, allowing its smooth figure to create a kind of musical speech. Free from regular
phrase structure, the continuous vocal line is the musical counterpart to the ornamentation found in
medieval art and architecture. In chants that serve for recitations, such as psalms, lessons, or
prayers, the music is secondary to a clear projection of the text; these settings are predominantly
syllabic and use relatively few pitches.The Gregorian melodies, numbering more than three
thousand, form an immense body of music that was composed by unknown sources.
Later on, musical instruments were allowed in church, but it was mainly used for important days in
the Liturgical calendar. Music during the Middle Ages is characterized by the beginning of musical
notation as well as polyphony. During this time, there were two general

Music During The Middle Ages
Music has a huge impact in modern day society. Different types of genre and sounds of music are
discovered every day. Music has become a basic part of everyday living. From Alternative to
Country from Pop to R&B, each type of music has its own unique sound. Every type of music
originated from the same place. The Middle Ages, Medieval Era, was the era where music started to
make an upcoming change in society. From secular to religious use, music altered mankind. Music
from the pass is the major key for current music and music in the future. People do not realize that
musical instruments had to start from some place. Over the years, the instruments have been
innovated to fit the specific genre's need. From the Lute to the Guitar from the Harpsichord ... Show
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This included the Cittern, Lute, Psaltery, Mandore and Gittern. All of these instruments can be
related to the instruments today. The cittern and gittern sound the same, look the same but they are
slighlty differen.t the cittern has rounder body to create a broader sound. These too are similar to a
guitar. Excluding the pear shaped body the gittern and cittern have they both still have the same set
up as a guitar. Sound is produced from them by the action of plucking each string. The sound then
travels inside the sound hole bouncing all over the inside of the body creating the sound that most
people enjoy. This is the same thing with the lute, this instrument also has the same characteristics
as a guitar, minus the rounded back, the lute and guitar are practically twins. The Psaltery is similar
to a harp, it is also a string instrument that produces sound by the act of plucking. This instrument is
to be set down on a table and played standing up. Unlike the harp, the Psaltery is a horizontal
instrument, it can be played using a bow or just your

Similarities Between Secular And Secular Music
Secular music and music intended for mass both played important roles in medieval culture. For a
while, the only music was made for worship. There were certain themes and purposes that shaped
church music to be the way that it was and the same with non–religious music, each had a purpose.
There are characteristics of each that separate them from each other and then some characteristics
that make them one. One would not be the same today without the other. These styles of music
served as a source of inspiration for later music to come.
Some basic similarities between the two types of music were that both secular and religious music
was monophonic, which is when a single melody is sung by a single person or by a choir in which
each member sings the same part. Secular and religious music were intended for communicating
feelings and gave a way to express emotions in a way like never before and both originated from
oral cultures and passed down from memory until religious composers became more literate. Monks
and members of the church choir were the main performers of religious music intended for mass and
the troubadors, trouveres, and joungleurs were the performers of secular music. Unlike secular
music, music intended for mass was taken from or inspired by the Bible for worship and was seen as
a "musical prayer." Singing about the scripture was another and a more intimate way to experience
the Holy Spirit rather than just reading from scripture. Secular music was intended for parties and
dancing mainly about love and used to entertain people. Some ... Show more content on
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Instruments used during mass were looked down upon because it was said that they caused a
distraction between the people and God. Instruments used for non–religious music such as dances
and festivals were the vielle, harp, psaltery, flute, shawm, bagpipe, and

How Has Medieval Music Changed Over Time
Music has changed drastically over the years, effected by culture, religion and many other factors.
The Medieval era starts the general progression of music change that is generally recorded as
records predating the Medieval era are infrequent at best and mostly consist of knowledge of
instrument or psalms handed down through generations (such as with the Jewish religion). Thus the
Medieval period is were records of actual songs are found. Records from this era and beyond begin
to display the evolution of the art. The foundation of music development from 700–1450 CE starts
with the creation of the Gregorian chant in Europe in approximately 600 CE, credited to be created
by Pope Gregory the first of the roman catholic church. Monks would ... Show more content on
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It was around this time that the first large collection of such secular songs was written that are still
decipherable in any notation and where developed by French noblemen called troubadours and
trouveres, although they may have been active as early as the 12th century. A prominent example of
one such person is theologist Henri de Malines. The 12th and 13th centuries were a changing time
for the world. Knights where gaining fame as musical poets, and even women were acting as
troubadours. For the masses, traveling minstrels called jongleurs came into existence as early as the
12th century (being the lowest class with no civil rights and where the lowest social level).
However, in time with an absence of newspaper or other such media, they were a critical source of
news for the average person. Paris, France became the center of polyphonic music in the year 1150,
and Notre Dame became famous for its composers' rhythmic development such as the measured
rhythm. Finally, in the late 13th century, one of the earliest form of recorded music with instruments
called estampie in France. With the end of the 100 Years War in the 14th century, the idea of virtue
in music was gradually being replaced by sensuality. This lead to drastic changes in music in the
14th century creating an Ars Nova with new innovations such as Syncopation that would lead into
the Renaissance

The Gregorian Chant: Similar Terms Church Music
This dissertation examines the Gregorian Chant and its background. The Gregorian Chant is in
similar terms church music. It is sung as a single vocal line in free rhythm and a restricted scale.
Throughout this dissertation the writer starts by going into detail about the history of the chant and
also other background information during this time and ends by giving speculations about the Old
Roman Chant. The Gregorian Chant came about as a change to the Roman ecclesiastical song. It
was said to be sung "almost universally in medieval western and central Europe". The Roman Chant
was taken by the franks. The essay suggests that the melodies were passed on by word of mouth
causing changes, and that the chant might have changed before it ever appeared

Music Is A Form Of Expression And Beauty
The science or art of ordering tones or sounds in succession, combination, and temporal
relationships produce a composition having unity and continuity; in layman's terms, music. Music is
an art that has evolved for many centuries. It is a form of expression and beauty. It has come a long
way from beating rocks with sticks and listening to the sound. A drastic change took place during
the Renaissance Period. The instruments changed, new genres emerged, and new composition
techniques were used.
Renaissance means rebirth, and in a sense there was a rebirth.The Renaissance Period took place in
Europe during the 14th and 17th centuries. Civilization immediately following the Middle Ages,
conventionally held to have been characterized by a surge of interest in classical learning and
values.
Fig. 1 In Fig. 1 you see a very elegant violin or viol which has very fascinating designs on the front
and back of it. The author gives a very detailed description of the crafting of this fine instrument. As
follows:
The maple back and sides are decorated with the Latin couplet "Quo unico propugnaculo stat
strabiq[ue] religio" (By this bulwark alone religion stands and will stand). The motto has long been
associated with a set of instruments that was thought to have been ordered for the court of Charles
IX, possibly by his mother Catherine de ' Medici. The back of the instrument is decorated with
fleurs–de–lis in the corners, a geometric design with floral ornamentation between the

Music from All over the World Presents a Range of Musical...
Music from all over the world presents a range of musical theories. Some of these are documented
in writing whilst others are transmitted orally. Discuss and give examples with reference to both
Western and non–Western music.
Music Theory can be understood as chiefly the study of the structure of music. With the idea of both
written and oral notation, it may be understood through recognized systems of indication, and used
as systems of memorizing and transmitting the theories themselves. Western music theory is
significant for its quantity and range whilst those of non–Western traditions are also notable in
possessing major works of theoretical oration and literature.
Melodies for texts of the liturgy of the early Western Church were ... Show more content on
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Another method that was used in enriching a melody was by doubling it through the use of parallel
consonant intervals. This practice was already employed in the ninth century treatises 'Musica
enchiriadis' and 'Scolica enchiriadis', and the term organum was adopted for several styles of
polyphony illustrating two or more voices singing different notes in pleasing combinations
according to the set system. The various styles of organum – such as parallel organum, mixed
parallel and oblique organum, and free organum – illustrated in 'Musica enchiriadis' were ways for
singers to embellish chant in performance based on given rules for developing added voices from
the chant. Guido of Arezzo described organum in his 'Micrologus', allowing a range of choices that
could result in a variety of organal voices merging oblique and parallel motion. In most cases, these
organal voices were composed orally, either improvised by a soloist or rehearsed beforehand.
Evidence for such oral composition can be seen in the 'Winchester Troper'; a manuscript of tropes
and other liturgical music from an English monastery in Winchester. It contains 174 organa where
only the organal voices are notated in neumes which do not indicate exact pitches but serve as a
reminder for a singer who already knows the music. This strongly suggests that the organal voices
were composed and transmitted orally and were written down as an aid to memory.
The earliest

Compare And Contrast Medieval And Renaissance Music
H. Wildanuer
Music 101 – Mr. Gesin
Mid–term Short Essay Responses
3. Medieval and Renaissance culture varied in many ways, aside from the differing music. In the
Medieval age (the time between the 5th and 15th century), the church controlled many things, not
only music. The church was in charge of education, the church also dominated politics. People very
much feared God. Whereas in the Renaissance (15th and 17th century) the state ruled over the
church. People in the Renaissance believed that God wasn't some fearsome being, instead they
believed more in logical and practical thinking.
In the Medieval time, art was also very controlled by religion. Most art was based off of religious
figures and were colored mostly dull dark colors. In the Renaissance, while art still contained some
religious themes, more and more artists explored things like nature and the human body, they also
began to use brighter colors.
Things like clothing varied from each period. While during the Medieval times, it seemed as if the
fashionable look was narrow and ease of the garment, whereas in the Renaissance, they used
extravagant cloths and furs, along with padding for a broad silhouette. During the Renaissance,
clothing molded you into the fashionable shapes and sizes.
4. While an aria is one of the main components to an opera, there are several other components that
that contribute to the story line. An aria is a song for a single voice along with orchestral
accompaniment. For the most

How Did Medieval Music Changed The Course Of Time
Music has changed over the course of time. Medieval music was very simple and often written with
only one melody. But as time goes on, music becomes more complex. Medieval music were mostly
sang a cappella style and with no instruments. But now music is sung in many ways. Many different
types of instruments are used more in music now as well. Music back then was usually about
religion, mainly about the Lord Jesus Christ. There are also music that is about love as well. People
would say that music is a gift from God. Because of this, in plays, people would not ever let a bad
character have a singing scene since music is from God. But in the present day, music has many
topics. There is music about love, girls, clubs, religion, break up, and

How Did Catholic Church Sacred Music Influence Medieval...
Between the back drop of the end of the Roman Empire and of closing of the Dark Ages the Roman
Catholic Church had rose to pre–eminence to fill the governing roles in medieval society by direct
control or through influence. This influence had grown to dominate nearly every walk of life of the
time. With clergy the most literate people of the time the nobility had to depend on them as counsel.
During 450 –1450 AD basic traditions of western culture in both art and music had formed. Through
the guidance of the Church sacred music, Gregorian chant had become the most common in Europe.
A very important role of the church was as a patron of the arts. In music nearly all composers and
singers were priests within the churches and monasteries. Singing had become to play a very
important role within the Church. Inspired liturgical music was incorporated into the Mass as
Ordinary and Propers sung in Latin. Women of the time were not allowed to sing in public places
like a church unless they were members of a convent. However, a notable woman composer of
Gregorian chant was Hildegard von Bigen O.S.B. Having lived her life as a Benedictine nun she
was very talented in many disciplines including medicine. But her compositions such as Ordo
Virtutum (Play of the Virtues) are significant in the history of sacred music. ... Show more content
on Helpwriting.net ...
The form of music is named after Pope Gregory I who initiated the collecting and indexing chants
used by the Church around the sixth century. It is sung monophonic in Latin either syllabic/neumatic
or melismatic. Sacred music continued to be developed culminating the Organum (parallel,
syllabic/nematic & melismatic) and later polyphonic Ars Antiqua (Old Art) and later still Ars Nova
(New Art). During the reign of Charlemagne in the ninth century Gregorian chant was the unified
body of music in the

Music: A Middle Ages
There were several genres of the A Middle Ages as well as the Renaissance. During the Renaissance
period, the vast majority of the musical moved from the church to the courts. Composers were more
open to experimentation, and had more imaginative opportunity and basically were no longer afraid
of the churches response. In this time frame the church had less control over musical movement and
this allowed the composers to go in their own direction with minimum consequences. In this time
frame the Kings, Princes and other prominent members of the courts had a greater amount of an
impact over the music, yet the church still attempted to keep the music pure and basically the same.
Thus more composers utilized musical instruments in their compositions. ... Show more content on
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Renaissance is otherwise called rebirth this time changed the tone of music "it is the name given to a
complex current of thought that worked deep changes on Europe from the fourteenth to the
sixteenth century." (Kerman, 60) There was a shift towards a more secular society during the
European Renaissance and this is where you can see the dramatic changes to the musical style. The
Renaissance marks the door opening for the European society to change form the predominantly
religious mood to a more secular or common society and with this shift the church was pretty much
on hush hush the composers of this time had taken over. This awakening was called humanism.
Humanism was more of the use of reason or and observation. The humanists emphasized the
importance of human qualities rather than religious convictions therefore music played a vital role
in this change as well and it evolved right along with the times. In the Renaissance, one of the most
popular sacred genres that were written in Latin text was the Motet. One of the composers of the
Motet was Guillaume de Machaut, His motets stand out for their changing rhythms, longer lengths
and integration of sacred and secular texts. Another composer was Thomas Weelkes one example of
his music was Madrigal, "As Vesta Was from Latinos Hill Descending." When it came to the Motet,
the Motet had to a greater extent an assortment of words which permitted the composer to have
more of a religious message in the music, and as you read alongside the music you can see that a
portion of the words are right out of the book of Bible its self. Motets touched on certain issues such
as politics, love and the loss of love, valor chivalry, desire and fellowship all at the same time. "The
Mass took a more relaxed attitude toward medieval authority." (Kerman, 63) and is also a form of
scared music. One example of a Mass is "Ave Maris Stella" by Guillaume Duffy this more of

How Did Medieval Music Influence Modern-Day Music?
Medieval music has clearly influenced modern–day music, and a primary example of this is the
Gregorian chant. The Gregorian chant came into existence in the early Middle Ages as a form of
religious music. There was no secular music at the time, because the life of the people revolved
mainly around the Church, and there was no time for anything other than religion and survival.
Although the Gregorian chant is not found commonly in popular modern music, it is still sung in
certain monasteries and churches around the world at masses and musically has had an impact on
music today. The Gregorian chant was supposed to create a bond between man and religion in a
creative and artistic way (Emerson). Music nowadays is also used as something that expresses ...
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Several of the instruments used by people in the Middle Ages were either invented at the time, or
were from earlier times, but were made popular by their presence in the music of the Middle Ages.
In addition, some of the most common instruments used today have direct roots in the Middle Ages.
One example is the pipe organ. The pipe organ, though not found in popular music, is found at large
cathedrals and basilicas and are still used in religious Christian music like it was back in the Middle
Ages. The pipe organ was invented in the Middle Ages, when there was a large emphasis on
religious music and that certain instrument still exists and is in usage to this day. Although the
people and music of the time were highly religious, there were certain instruments used in the
Middle Ages that did not have direct links to religious church music of the time. The fiddle was an
instrument that was common in peasant festivals and celebrations that were not directly affiliated
with the church. The fiddle is still used in modern music today and it is heard mostly in country
music as one of the supporting instruments that gives country music it's unique sound. Two other
instruments used in the Middle Ages, the rebec and the viol, are directly linked to a popular group of
instruments used in popular music today. The rebec had "... a round pear–shaped body much like an
early violin..."

Essay Middle Ages & Renaissance Study Guide (Unit 2)
Middle Ages
Dates: 500–1450
1. What was going historically during this era? What was life like? It was a chaotic period of social
and political unrest. Religious and political differences between and within regions led to nearly
constant warfare.
The life of all the classes was dominated by the feudal system – feudalism.
2. Who or what had the power? The church
3. Who were learned or literate? holy men or people of important status such as kings, queens, and
knights most other people were illiterate
4. Who were allowed to sing in church? Only men were allowed to sing in church
5. Most of the music that was notated during the middle ages was sacred or secular? sacred
6. Was most medieval music vocal? yes
7. What is ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
What is a drone? Sustained tone
17. What is an ostinato? Persistently repeated melodic or rhythmic pattern
18. What is the liturgy? Words of the mass
19. Who is Guillaume de Machaut? 14th century poet and musician who composed the first
complete polyphonic setting of the entire Ordinary of the Mass.
20. What city became the musical center of Europe during the mid to late Middle Ages? What was
the musical center of this city and who worked there? Vienna Composers came from all over Europe
to train in and around Vienna, and gradually they developed and formalized the standard musical
forms that were to dominate European musical culture for the next several decades.
21. Composers began to write polyphonic songs that were not always based on chant, what were
they based on instead?
22. By the 14th century a new system of music notation had evolved. It allowed a composer to
specify almost any rhythmic pattern. Were beats now divided into two or three parts or both? Was
syncopation used? Both and yes
Renaissance
Dates: 1450–1600
1. What was going historically during this era? What was life like?
2. What is humanism? Period characterized by a new optimism, that began in 14th century Italy and
spread throughout western Europe during the Renaissance
3. What effect did the printing press have on music? It enabled books to be printed quickly and
inexpensively, making them

How Has Medieval Music Changed Over Time
There is no doubt that medieval church music has progressed throughout times. Not only has the
music gotten a lot different in terms of sound, the instruments have also changed, as well as genres,
theory, notation, rhythm, and polyphony. If you do not know, polyphony is the existence of different
sounds and vocals all to form one harmonizing melody. All of these factors in generalized church
music have changed from year 64 to 2016.
The term medieval refers to the years from 500 to 1450 A.D. The newly founded ideas of
Christianity that was brought to Rome gave musicians new things to talk about in songs. They
would now have a new style of music to make, which was mainly about the greatness of future life.
One of the reasons they were making

Monody Context
Quetext
About Widget FAQ Contact
The concept of monody was detrimental in the progression of music from the Renaissance era into
the Baroque, shaping operatic arias into what we know them to be. Monody is a musical texture
consisting of a single solo voice, supported by a free instrumental bass line. The voice line is often
simple yet ornate, using embellishments to motivate the ideas of the libretto. Whilst having simple
chordal accompaniment – usually played on a lute, harpsichord, guitar or harp – the listener can be
focused on the text and meaning of the recitative and aria. Two of the more noteworthy
developments of the transition from the Renaissance era to that of the Baroque, was the step away
from choral music, and the introduction ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
The piece is about love, betrayal, death and anguish. You can see in Figure 1 the figured bass and
singular bass line. This is an example of baroque notation and the freedom that the accompanist had
in harmonization and improvisation. Another well–known solo madrigal of the Baroque era is
Giulio Caccini's 1602 piece 'Amarilli mia bella' from Le nuove musiche. Caccini spent most of his
life in Florence, Italy – said to be the heart of Baroque music. He spent a lot of his time as not just a
composer and singer of the Medici court, but also a spy for the youngest son of the Grand Duke of
Tuscany, Pietro de'Medici. Caccini was supported by other Florentine nobles, one being Giovanni
de'Bardi – leader of the Florentine Camerata . 'Amarilli, mia bella' is an emotive song expressing
love for the singer's betrothed, Amarilli. Based on the Greek myth of Amaryllis, falling in love with
Alteus, a shepherd. Alteus, however, is only interested in the mountainside flowers she is picking
and says he can only fall in love with a girl who brings him a new flower. The story goes Amaryllis
takes the advice of the Delphi Oracle, each night waiting on Alteus' doorstep, stabbing

How Does Monteverdi's Music Form Used In The Latin Language?
The Gregorian Chant was used in the church in the Latin language. It was Developed by Pope
Gregory the Great, he used different modes to create it. The language made it emotional so everyone
could feel it. Also, it was the known language at that time so everyone can interpret it. The ways the
text was transformed are syllabic, neumatic, and melismatic. The church first wrote the chant on
neumes, ascending and descending symbols to generate general flow.
2. The Italian Renaissance Madrigal goes from monophonic to polyphonic. It gives the people a
more secular type of music. Some have instruments some do not, there is more of a melody and
voices. The poetry affected it by giving it emotions. The audience can feel the music. Claudio
Monteverdi his music was designed to show the how powerful his texts are.
3. ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
The Palestrina was a fixed melody, preexisting to the Gregorian Chant. It was in the Latin language
because it's still in the church. It is an acapella singing where the harmonies are in the third and
sixth. Palestrina doesn't distract from the text, there is no virtuosity and no dissonance. It is more
homorhthmic and should be beautiful to beautify the mass.
4. The book gave the people a way makes music without being involved in the church. It gave them
a break where they can have parties and not be all holy about it. The Gregorian chant was
monophonic in Latin for the church. Then Leonin and Norte Dame came and added voices and
harmonies to give a more of a beat for the people. The Western music gave people more to move to
at parties so they won't be

Medieval Music 500-1450

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