A presentation of hybrid vehicles

1. Hybrid Electric
Vehicles and Its
Performance
Haneesh K M
Associate Professor, CHRIST University, Bangalore
31-08-2021
11.45 IST
AICTE Training & Learning (ATAL) academy sponsored, 05 days
National level online FDP on
"Revolution & Advances in e-Vehicles"

2. A hybrid electric vehicle (HEV)
is a type of hybrid vehicle that
combines a conventional internal
combustion engine (ICE) system
with an electric propulsion
system (hybrid vehicle
drivetrain). The presence of the
electric powertrain is intended
to achieve either better fuel
economy than a conventional
vehicle or better performance.
This Photo by Unknown author is licensed under CC BY-SA.

3. Contents
Hybrid vehicle
Historical developments
Benefits of hybrid vehicles
Series, Parallel and Complex hybrids
Torque Coupling
Energy Management Systems
Advisor Simulator
MATLAB-Simulink

4. Hybrid
Vehicles

6. Historical development of automobile

7. Early Hybrid Vehicles
• Porsche showed his hybrid car at the
Paris Exposition of 1900 - series hybrid
engine
• 1915 Woods Motor Vehicle manufacturers
created the Dual Power hybrid vehicle -
• 1918 The Woods Dual Power was the first
hybrid to go into mass production. In all,
some 600 models were built by.
• 1960 Victor Wouk - “Godfather of the
Hybrid” - converted a Buick Skylark from
gasoline to hybrid.
• 1978 The Regenerative Braking
System developed by David Arthurs
This Photo by Unknown author is licensed under CC BY-SA.

8. Modern Period of
Hybrid History
• 1990s - seeking a solution to dwindling energy
supplies and environmental concerns
• 1993 – in US mass production of cars powered by
means other than gasoline
• 1997 - The Audi Duo was the first European hybrid
car put into mass production
• 2000 Toyota Prius and Honda Insight became the first
mass market hybrids
• 2005 A hybrid Ford Escape was released in 2005
• Toyota is the most prominent of all manufacturers
when it comes to hybrid cars

9. Normalized economic and
environmental indicators

11. Emissions

12. Types of HEVs
the gasoline ICE and battery
diesel ICE and battery
battery and FC
battery and capacitor
battery and flywheel
battery and battery hybrids.

13. Translation of fuel energy into work in a vehicle

14. Energy Savings Potential of Hybrid Drivetrains
Regenerative braking
More efficient operation of the
ICE, including reduction of idle
Smaller ICE
Potential for higher weight
Electrical losses

17. Series hybrid
vehicle
operating
modes

19. Parallel Hybrid Vehicle

20. Parallel hybrid
electric vehicle
operating
modes.

21. Torque
Coupling
This Photo by Unknown author is licensed
under CC BY.

22. Speed
coupling
This Photo by Unknown author is licensed under
CC BY.

23. Planetary gear
coupling

27. Energy
management
System

28. Electrical
Vehicle
Typical Power
Flow diagram

29. EMS

31. Advisor
• ADVISOR, NREL’s ADvanced VehIcle
SimulatOR, is a set of model, data, and script text
files for use with Matlab and Simulink.
• It is designed for rapid analysis of the performance
and fuel economy of conventional, electric, and
hybrid vehicles.
• ADVISOR also provides a backbone for the
detailed simulation and analysis of user defined
drivetrain components, a starting point of verified
vehicle data and algorithms from which to take full
advantage of the modeling flexibility of Simulink
and analytic power of MATLAB.

32. ADVISOR
benefits
• estimate the fuel economy of vehicles that
have not yet been built
• learn about how conventional, hybrid, or
electric vehicles use (and lose) energy
throughout their drivetrains
• compare relative tailpipe emissions
produced on a number of cycles
• evaluate an energy management strategy
for your hybrid vehicle’s fuel converter
• optimize the gear ratios in your
transmission to minimize fuel use or
maximize performance, etc.

33. Primarily for
analysis, not design
DEFINE A VEHICLE USING MEASURED OR
ESTIMATED COMPONENT AND OVERALL VEHICLE
DATA.
PRESCRIBE A SPEED VERSUS TIME TRACE, ALONG
WITH ROAD GRADE, THAT THE VEHICLE MUST
FOLLOW.
WAS THE VEHICLE ABLE TO FOLLOW THE SPEED
TRACE?
HOW MUCH FUEL AND/OR ELECTRIC ENERGY WERE
REQUIRED IN THE ATTEMPT?
HOW DOES THE STATE-OF-CHARGE OF THE
BATTERIES FLUCTUATE THROUGHOUT A CYCLE?
WHAT WERE THE PEAK POWERS DELIVERED BY THE
DRIVETRAIN COMPONENTS?
WHAT WAS THE DISTRIBUTION OF TORQUES AND
SPEEDS THAT THE PISTON ENGINE DELIVERED?
WHAT WAS THE AVERAGE EFFICIENCY OF THE
TRANSMISSION?

34. Drive cycles
A driving cycle is a series of
data points representing the
speed of a vehicle versus time.
Driving cycles are produced by
different countries and
organizations to assess the
performance of vehicles in
various ways, as for instance
fuel consumption, electric
vehicle autonomy and polluting
emissions.

35. References
• NPTEL :: Electrical Engineering - Introduction to
Hybrid and Electric Vehicles
• Advanced Vehicle Simulator download |
SourceForge.net
• Vehicle Dynamics Blockset - MATLAB & Simulink
(mathworks.com)

36.  Prof. Parag Jose, Christ University
 Prof. Druvakumar, Govt.
Polytechnic, Harapanahalli
 E-Mobility R&D center, Christ
University
This Photo by Unknown author is licensed under CC BY-SA.
haneesh.km@christuniversity.in
9731121921