Varietal Wealth and Characteristics of Major Mango Varieties in India

Assignmenton
VARIETAL WEALTH OF TROPICAL AND DRYLAND FRUIT
CROPS IN INDIA
SUBMITTEDTO:
Dr. D. K.Varu
AssociateProfessor,
Departmentof Horticulture,
Collegeof Agriculture,
JAU,Junagadh
SUBMITTEDBY:
HalepotaraFarheenH.
M. Sc. (Horti.)FruitScience
Reg.no.:2020616005
Course : FSC 507
TROPICALAND DRYLANDFRUITCROPS(2+1)
2

Cultivar: is an assemblage of plants that (a) has been selected for a particular
character or combination of characters, (b) is distinct, uniform and stable in those
characters, and (c) when propagated by appropriate means, retains those characters.
 Hybrid, Or Crossbreed,: is the result of combining the qualities of two
organisms of different breeds, varieties, species or genera through sexual reproduction.
 Races : genetically distinct populations of individuals within the same species,[3] or
they may be defined in other ways, e.g. geographically, or physiologically.
Define
3

 Variety (varietas): the category in the botanical nomenclatural hierarchy between
species and form (forma)
 Germplasm : is living tissue from which new plants can be grown. It can be a seed or
another plant part – a leaf, a piece of stem, pollen or even just a few cells that can be turned
into a whole plant
Genotype: The genetic makeup of an organism. The sum total of genes transmitted
from parent to offspring.
 Accession: Accession refers to the basic working unit of conservation in the genebanks.
4

Crop Varieties
Aonla Kanchan (NA-4), Krishana (NA-5), NA-6, NA-10
Banana Grand Naine, Dwarf Cavendish, Red Banana
Ber Thar Savika, Thar Bhubhraj, Gola, Seb
Custard apple Balanagar
Guava Allahabad Safeda, Sardar (L-49), Lalit, Shweta
Lemon Eureka, Assam Lemon
Lime Kagzi Lime, Pramilini, Vikram, Jai Devi, Sai Sharbati, Phule Sharbati, Seedless Lime
Mandarin Nagpur Mandarin
Mango
Kesar,Alphanso, Dashehari, Neelum, Langra, Totapuri, Vanraj,Ambika, Pusa Pratibha,
Sindhu
Papaya Coorg Honey Dew, Taiwan, Pink Flesh Sweet, Sunrise Solo
Pomegranate Ganesh, Bhagwa, Dholka
Sapota Kalipatti, Dhola Diwani, Cricket Ball
RECOMMENDED VARIETIES OF FRUITS IN GUJARAT
www.nhm.nic.in/Archive/Checklist_of_CommercialFruits-18-01-13.pdf5

Introduction
• Mango is known as King of fruits which contain high vitamin A.
• Mango is large, branched perennial tree widely grown in India.
• Many popular varieties of mango are cultivated in India.
Mango Growing states : Uttar Pradesh, Maharashtra, Andhra Pradesh, Bihar, Orissa, Karnataka,
Tamil Nadu, Gujarat, Kerala, Madhya Pradesh, and West Bengal.
Area under Mango Cultivation in India :23.09 Lakh Hectares
Annual Production of Mango in India :127.50 Lakh Tonnes
Mango Productivity in India: 5.52 Tonnes per Hectare
6

Mango Species
Indian peninsula, the most important centre of diversity for M. indica has a large area of cultivated varieties as
well as wild types.
Other Mangifera species viz., M. andamanica, M. khasiana, M. sylvatica and M. camptosperma have been
reported from India.
Mangifera sylvatica occurs in the Eastern Himalayas (up to 1300 m altitude) in Sikkim, Darjeeling district,
Khasi Hills, Upper Assam and Surma valley; and in the Andaman Islands.
Mangifera andamanica, an endemic and rare species is widespread in tropical, wet evergreen forests of
Andaman Islands.
Mangifera indica is distributed throughout the tropical and subtropical parts of India.
Wild forms occur in abundance in forests as well as in cultivated areas.
The total number of distinct mango varieties named and maintained in India has been estimated to be over one
thousand.About 30 varieties are commercially grown in India
7

States Varieties Grown
A.P. Allumpur Baneshan, Banganapalli, Bangalora,
Cherukurasam, Himayuddin, Suvernarekha, Neelum,
Totapuri
Bihar Bathua, Bombai, Himsagar, Kishen Bhog, Gulab
Khas, Zardalu, Langra, Chausa, Dashehari, Fazli
Goa Fernandin, Mankurad
Gujarat Alphonso, Kesar, Rajapuri, Vanraj, Jamadar,
Totapuri, Neelum, Dashehari, Langra, Vashi badami,
Neelphonso, Neeleshwari, Neeleshan, Sonpari,
Amrapalli
Haryana Dashehari, Langra, Sarauli, Chausa, Fazli
H.P. Chausa, Dashehari, Langra
VARIETAL WEALTH OF MANGO
8

M.P. Alphonso, Bombay Green, Langra, Sunderja, Dashehari, Fazli, Neelum, Amrapalli,
Mallika
Maharashtra Alphonso, Mankurad, Mulgoa, Pairi, Rajapuri, Kesar, Gulabi, Vanraj
Orissa Baneshan, Langra, Neelum, Suvarnarekha, Amrapalli, Mallika
Punjab Dashehari, Langra, Chausa, Malda
Rajasthan Bombay Green, Chausa, Dashehari, Langra
Tamil Nadu Banganapalli, Bangalora, Neelum, Rumani, Mulgoa, Alphonso, Totapuri
U.P Bombay Green, Dashehari, Langra, Safeda Lucknow, Chausa, Fazli
W.B. Bombai, Himsagar, Kishen Bhog, Langra, Fazli, Gulabkhas, Amrapalli, Mallika .
Jharkhand Jardalu, Amrapalli, Mallika, Bombai, Langra, Himsagar, Chausa, Gulabkhas
Karnataka Alphonso, Bangalora, Mulgoa, Neelum, Pairi, Baganapalli, Totapuri
9

Exotic varieties
Country Cultivars
Australia Kensington Pride, Banana, Early Gold, Glenn, Haden, Irwin, Keitt, Kent, Zill
Bangladesh Aswina, Fazli, Gopal Bhog, Himsagar,Khirsapati,Langra, Kishan Bhog,
Kohinoor, Kua Pahari, Mohan Bhog
Brazil Bourbon,Carlota,Coracao,Espada, Itamaraca, Maco, Rosa, Tommy Atkins
China Baiyu,Guixiang,Huangpi,Huangyu,Sannian,YuexiNo1
Costa Rica Haden,Irwin,Keitt,Mora,Tommy Atkins
Ecuador Haden, Keitt, Kent, Tommy Atkins
Egypt Alphonso, Bullock‟s Heart, Hindi Be Sennara, Langra,Taimour, Zebda
Haiti Francine, Madame Francis
Indonesia Arumanis, Dodol, Gedong, Golek, Madu, Manalagi, Cengkir,Wangi
Israel Haden, Tommy Atkins, Keitt, Maya, Nimrod, Kent, Palmer
Kenya Boubo, Ngowe, Batawi
10

Malaysia Arumanis, Kuala Selangor 2, Golek, Apple Rumani, Malgoa, Apple Mango,Maha-
65, To Boon
Mexico Haden, Irwin, Kent, Manila, Palmer, Sensation, Tommy Atkins,
Myanmar Aug Din, Ma Chit Su, Sein Ta Lone
Pakistan Anwar, Ratol, Baganapalli, Chausa, Dashehari, GulabKhas,Langra, Siroli, Sindhri,
Swarnarekha
Peru Haden, Keitt, Kent, Tommy Atkin,
Philippines Carabao, Manila Super, Pico, Binoboy, Carabao, Dudul, Pahutan,Senora
Singapore Apple Mango, Arumanis, Golek, Kaem Yao, Mangga Dadol
S.Africa Fascell, Haden, Keitt, Kent, Sensation,Tommy Atkins, Zill.
Sri Lanka Karutha Colomban, Willard, VellaiColomban, Pettiamba, Malwana amba, Parrot,
Mango, Peter pasand, Dapara and Hingurakgoda
Thailand Nam Doc Mai, Ngar Charn, Okrong, Rad, Choke Anand, Kao Keaw,Keow Savoey,
USA Keitt, Kent, Tommy Atkins
Venezuela Haden, Keitt, Kent, Tommy Atkins
Vietnam Combodiana
11

LIST OF GEOGRAPHICAL INDICATIONS OF FRUITS IN INDIA
Appli. no. Crop and variety State
33 Coorg Orange Karnataka
35 Nanjanagud Banana Karnataka
50 Allahabad Surkha Guava Uttar Pradesh
111 Laxman Bhog Mango West Bengal
112 Khirsapati (Himsagar) Mango West Benga
113 Fazli Mango grown in the district of Malda West Bengal
124 Virupakshi Hill Banana Tamil Nadu
125 Mango Malihabadi Dusseheri Uttar Pradesh
126 Sirumalai Hill Banana Tamil Nadu
130 Vazhakkulam Pineapple Kerala
131 Devanahalli Pomello Karnataka
132 Appemidi Mango Karnataka
141 Vazhakkulam Pineapple, now merged With Application No. 130 Kerala
154 Mahabaleshwar Strawberry Maharashtra
165 Nashik Grapes Maharashtra
185 Gir Kesar Mango Gujarat 12

Appli. no. Crop and variety State
241 Banaganapalle Mangoes Andhra Pradesh
375 Arunachal Orange Arunachal Pradesh
385 Nagpur Orange Maharashtra
436 Tripura Queen Pineapple Tripura
437 Memong Narang Meghalaya
438 Tezpur Litchi Assam
465 Khasi Mandarin Meghalaya
466 Kachai Lemon Manipur
479 Chengalikodan Nendran Banana Kerala
489 Vengurla Cashew Maharashtra
493 Dahanu Gholvad Chikoo Maharashtra
494 Beed Custard Apple Maharastra
495 Jalna Sweet Orange Maharastra
498 Jalgaon Banana Maharashtra
499 Marathwada Kesar Mango Maharashtra
500 Purandar Fig Maharastra
LIST OF GEOGRAPHICAL INDICATIONS OF FRUITS IN INDIA
13

Characteristic of important Indian
varieties
14

Kesar
Kesar is a leading variety of Gujarat with a
red blush on the shoulders.
Fruit size is medium to large (3 to 4 per kg),
oblong shape with apricot yellow colour and
keeping quality is good.
It is an early variety.
Regular bearing and resistant to spongy tissue
15

Alphonso (Syn: Gundu, Khader, Appas, Badami, Hafus and Kagdi Happus)
Alphonso is the leading commercial variety of
Maharashtra.
It is one of the choicest varieties of the country and is
ideal for export maket because of its attractive pink
color and taste.
The fruit is medium in size (single fruit weight is 250-
300 g), ovate oblique in shape and orange yellow in
colour.
Fruits are excellent in taste with a good sugar/acid
ratio and good keeping quality.
It is an early and mid season variety.
16

Arka Saka Nivaraka‟ - an environmentally-safe technology for prevention of spongy tissue in
Alphonso mango Spongy tissue disorder of Alphonso mango has been plaguing both domestic and export
marketing. Indian Institute of Horticultural Research, Bengaluru, for the first time in the world,
developed an environmentally-safe formulation „Arka Saka Nivarak‟ for prevention of spongy tissue. The
invention is a result of systematic basic and strategic research efforts spread over 15 years since 1998 of Dr. V.
Ravindra, Principal Scientist, Division of Plant Physiology and Biochemistry and his team. “Arka Saka
Nivaraka‟ liquid formulation needs to be applied twice at pre-harvest stage between 40 to 60 per cent
maturity, either by dipping the fruits (while on the tree) in solution or by spray on the fruits, @ 100 to 125ml/
litre. Dipping ensures 100 per cent prevention of spongy tissue, while, spray results in 95 to 98 per cent success
as a few fruits may escape contact with the formulation. Dipping uses up lesser quantity of the formulation and
is economical, while, spray consumes more volume of the formulation and is, thereby, slightly more expensive.
Pre-harvest dip treatment of fruits twice between 40-60 per cent maturity stage @100 -125ml/litre costs
around 0.50 paisa/fruit, including labour charges. Fruit-dippers of various capacities have also been
developed by IIHR for ease of dipping fruits while on the tree, and these dippers reach a height of upto 20-25‟.
Fruits treated with Arka Saka Nivaraka two weeks after harvest The formulation also helps to improve fruit
quality like higher fruit weight (10-20%), better appearance, uniform development of colour both externally
and internally, better fruit firmness, improved pulp texture, aroma and extended shelf-life of fruits (up to 3
weeks under ambient conditions).
http://www.iihr.res.in/research-highlights
An environmentally-safe technology (Arka Saka Nivaraka) for prevention of spongy tissue in Alphonso mango
17

Dashehari
 This variety derives its name from the village
Dashehari near Lucknow.
 It is a leading commercial variety of North
India and one of the best varieties of our
country. The fruits are very attractive in
appearance with good taste and flavour.
 Fruits are medium sized with an individual
fruit weight of 200-250 g.
 The shape of the fruit is elliptical-oblong and the colour is greenish yellow. Fruit quality is
excellent and keeping quality is good.
 It is a mid season variety and is mainly used for table purpose.
 It is a high yielder but a biennial bearer.
18

Langra
 Langra is indigenous to Varanasi in Uttar Pradesh.
 It is extensively grown in North India.
 Fruits are medium to large in size each weighing
250-300 g.
 The fruits are lime green in colour and oblong oval
in shape.
 The taste is excellent with good sugar/acid blend
and pleasant flavour.
 Keeping quality is medium.
 It is a heavy yielder but a biennial bearer.
 It is a mid season variety.
20

Banganapalli (Syn: Baneshan, Rajapalayam sappattai, Safeda)
This is a commercial variety of Andhra
Pradesh and Tamil Nadu.
The fruits are attractive pale golden-yellow in
colour with very smooth skin.
 It is a regular bearer with moderate yield.
Fruit is large in size with an average weight
of 400-500 g and obliquely oval in shape.
The flesh is fibre less, possesses a
characteristic flavour and is good for canning.
It is an early season variety.
Fruit quality and keeping quality are good and
ideal for export market.
21

Bangalora (Syn: Kilimookku, Sundar Shaw, Kallamai, Totapuri)
 Bangalora is a commercial variety of South
India.
 The fruit size is medium to large. Shape of the
fruit is oblong with necked base and golden
yellow in colour.
 Fruit quality is poor but with very good
keeping quality.
 It is widely used for processing.
 The pulp is used for mixing with other
varieties to form different flavor and taste.
 It is a mid season variety and regular in
bearing.
22

Chausa (Syn: Khajri, Samar Bahisht)
Chausa originated as a chance seedling
in the orchard of Sandila district,
Uttar Pradesh
It is commonly grown in North india.
Fruit large size, oval shape and light
yellow in colour
Flesh fibrous, Very sweet in taste
Used for table & processing purpose
Incidence of malformation is
comparatively more in this variety.
It is a late season variety, moderate
yielder but an Alternate bearer.
23

It is one of the commercial cultivars of
Gujarat.
It is a heavy and regular bearer. Fruits are
large sized.
It matures during early to mid season.
Use for processing of pickels.
Keeping quality is medium.
Rajapuri:
Jamadar is a famous variety of Gujarat.
Fruit is medium in size with good quality.
Flesh is firm, yellow in colour and fibreless
with pleasant flavour.
 Keeping quality is good.
It is a heavy and regular bearing variety.
Jamadar
24

Vanraj
 Vanraj is a highly prized variety of Vadodra district of
Gujarat.
Fruit is medium in size, ovate oblong in shape
and colour is deep chrome with a blush of
jasper red on the shoulders.
Fruit quality and keeping quality are good.
It is a mid season variety.
It is one of the promising export varieties.
Zardalu
 Zardalu is indigenous to Murshidabad in West Bengal.
 Fruit size is medium, oblong to obliquely oblong in
shape and golden yellow in colour.
 Fruit quality is very good.
 Keeping quality is medium.
 It is a mid season variety.
25

 Neelum is a commercial variety
indigenous to Tamil Nadu.
 Fruit is medium in size, ovate oblique
in shape and saffron yellow in colour.
 Fruit quality is good.
 It is an ideal variety for transporting to
distant places owing to its high keeping
quality.
 It is a heavy yielder and regular bearer.
 It is a late season variety with unique
aroma and wide adaptability.
Neelum (Syn: Kazhalattu)
26

Arka Neelachal (Kesri)
Release at :- CHES-IIHR(2014), Bhubaneswar
Flowering: Nov-Dec. Maturity: Mar. -Apr.
Fruit wt. : 200-230g Peel clour: Crimson red
TSS : 18 °Brix, Pulp : 68.70%
Sugar/acid ratio :26-28 (sweet)
Clonal selection
Harvesting last week of March- April
Free from fruit fly
Free from malformation
An extra early-maturing (15 March to 15 April)
Attractive fruit colour and shape was identified
for cultivation in eastern coastal regions of India.
It escapes fruit fly damage and yields 70-110 kg
fruits /tree.
Source: http://iihr.res.in/central-horticultural-experiment-stationches-
bhubaneswar
27

 Rumani is a popular variety in Tamil
Nadu.
 Fruit is medium, roundish and apple
shaped.
 Skin is yellow in colour with a red blush on
shoulder.
 The skin is thin with a characteristic
camphor odour.
 The fruit quality is moderately good and
keeping quality is good.
 It is a heavy yielder.
Rumani
28

First hybrid variety of mango
Amrapalli is from a cross of Dashehari
x Neelum, developed at IARI, New
Delhi.
It is dwarf, regular bearing and late
maturing variety.
The variety is suitable for high density
planting and about 1600 plants may be
planted in a hectare.
It yields on an average 16 tonnes per
hectare.
Amrapali
Indian hybrid of Mangoes
29

Mallika
 Mallika is a cross between Neelum x
Dashehari developed at IARI, New
Delhi.
 Fruit is large in size, oblong
elliptical in shape and cadmium
yellow in colour.
 Keeping quality of the fruit is good.
 It is a mid season variety and a
regular bearer.
30

Arka Aruna
 Arka Aruna is a progeny of the cross
between Banganapalli x Alphonso
developed at Indian Institute of
Horticultural Research, Bangalore.
 It is a regular bearer with a dwarf
stature suitable for high density
planting.
 Fruits are large sized (400 g) with
attractive reddish tinge on the skin.
 Pulp is fibreless, cream in colour with
good consistency as that of Alphonso,
sweet with 20-22° Brix TSS.
 Pulp percentage is 80 and the fruits are
free from spongy tissue.
31

Arka Puneet
 Arka Puneet is a regular and prolific
bearing hybrid between Alphonso x
Banganapalli developed at IIHR,
Bangalore.
 Fruits are medium sized (200 to 300 g)
with attractive skin colour having red
tinge.
 Pulp is free from fibre, deep orange in
colour, pulp percentage being 70.
 Fruits are sweet in taste (20-22° Brix)
with good keeping quality and free from
spongy tissue and fruit fly.
32

 Arka Anmol is a semi-vigorous hybrid
developed at IIHR, Bangalore by
crossing Alphonso x Janardhan
Pasand.
 It is also a regular bearer, good yielder
and free from spongy tissue.
 The average fruit weight is 300g.
 Pulp is orange in colour.
Arka Anmol
33

 A new late-season variety of mango „Arka
Udaya‟ has been identified by the Indian
Institute of Horticultural Research (IIHR - 2014)
 It is a sweet, high-yielding variety of mango
with a long shelf-life.
 It can stay fresh at room temperature for about
10 days without refrigeration.
 It is a late-season variety and yields after other
mango fruit trees have stopped fruition. The
tree bears fruit every year.
 The yield was high at around eight tonnes. The
trees were planted at a density of five by five
metres.”
 Arka Udaya is a hybrid made by crossing Arka
Amprapali x Arka Anmol,
Arka Udaya
34

Arka Neelkiran
 Arka Neelkiran is a hybrid developed at
IIHR, Bangalore by crossing Alphonso x
Neelum and is ideal for high density planting.
 The trees are semi vigorous in nature and
have regular bearing habit.
 Fruits are medium in size (260g) with smooth
skin and uniform golden hue and develops
good red blush upon ripening.
 The pulp is deep yellow in colour free of fibre
and spongy tissue and suited for export.
 Pulp recovery is 67 per cent, TSS 19.50° Brix
and keeping quality of fruit is very good.
35

Pusa Peetamber
Year of Release 2001 (through Institute Variety Release
Committee).
Parentage Amrapali x Lal Sundari
Recommended
Areas
Plains of North, West and South India
Average Yield 20-25 kg per tree.
Characterstics It is regular bearer, semi-vigorous and suitable for
closer planting (278 plants/ha). Fruits are having
attractive ablong shape, bright yellow peel. It is
moderately resistant to mango malformation and
major insect pests of mango. The fruits weight
about 213 g with attractive yellow peel colour
with higher juicy pulp (73.6%). It has medium
total soluble solids (18.8%), rich in vitamin C
(39.8 mg/100 g pulp) and ÃŸ-carotene content
(11,737 Âµg/100g pulp). It has appealing flavour
with shelf life 36

Manjeera
 Manjeera was evolved from a cross
between Rumani x Neelum and released
at Fruit Research Station, Sangareddy,
Andhra Pradesh.
 Fruit is very attractive and large in size
(300 – 350 g) and looks like Rumani.
 The peel is light yellow, pulp is firm,
fibreless and sweet. Average yield varies
from 120-150 kg/tree from 10 years old
tree.
37

Released at : A.E.S, NAU, Paria
Neeleshan Gujarat (Neelam x Baneshan)
 This mango hybrid was released in the year
1986
 It bears attractive obovoid shaped fruits heavily
and regularly.
 Generally, the fruit bears singly or in bunch of
two.
 The lenticels on skin are moderate dense.
 The fruits are free from spongy tissue disorder.
 The average weight of fruits is about 318g with
higher pulp content of 76%.
38

Neelphonso
Neelphanso was evolved at Agricultural Experiment Station, Paria,
Gujarat from a cross between Neelum x Alphonso and released in 1986.
Tree is moderately vigorous, moderately regular bearer with late ripening
tendency (120-140 days after flowering i.e., 2nd week of July).
Fruit is medium in size (196 g), thick peel with apricot
colour at ripening.
The pulp texture is firm and non fibrous.
Fruit quality is excellent, TSS 19.0ᵒ brix, total sugar
13.13 percent, acidity 0.07 percent and vitamin C
content 22.80 mg/100 g pulp.
It is suitable for table and juice purpose. 39

Neeleshwari (Neelam x Dashehari )
 This mango hybrid was released in the year 1986
 It bears narrowly oblong shaped fruits moderately
and regularly in bunches of two-three fruits.
 The fruits are free from spongy tissue disorder.
 Medium weighing fruit size about 228g with
prominent sinus.
 The skin color on ripening turns apricot yellow
while pulp colour becomes yellow.
40

Sonpari
(Alphonso x Baneshan)
Sonpari was released in the year 2000.
Sonpari is heavy yielder and regular in bearing.
Fruit skin is smooth & become golden yellow in colour
on ripening.
The fruits are obliquely oval in shape like Baneshan,
big in size weighing 360–550g.
The TSS is more than19.5% with lower acidity 0.18%
and higher total sugars 14.46%.
The fruits mature in second week of June. 41

https://www.researchgate.net/publication/311743601
How Vanlaxmi came into Existence?
The mango variety, Vanlaxmi, was originated in farm of Thakorbhai Ambalal Patel's "Patel Farm and Nursery“ located at
Udwada, district Valsad, in Gujarat. The nursery is very reputed and popular among farmers. There were Vanraj and
Jamadar mango trees close to each other and some branches were touching each other in his fann. During 1981-82,
flowering also came Simultaneously on both the varieties. He harvested a few fruits from Vanraj from the branches touching
to Jamadar and sowed the stone in his field. One stone germinated and came into fruiting after 7-8 years. He was much
impressed by looking the attractive red blushed fruits, which were sweet in taste and had longer shelf-life. He also
found other desirable tree and fruit characters in the variety.
During 1995, he named the variety as Vanlaxmi by taking "Van" from Vanraj and "Laxmi" from his mother name
Laxmiben Patel.
Vanlaxmi (vanraj x jamadar)
42

Year of Release 1998
Breeding Method : Hybridization
Pedigree/Parentage -Totapuri X Kesar
Important Traits Fruit colour golden yellow on
ripening, average weight
380g, TSS 22%, aroma
pleasant, sweet taste, free
from spongy tissue and
malformation, stone weevil,
monoembryonic, suitable for
export and table purpose
Institute/University MPKV, Rahuri
Sai-Sugandh
http://hortportal.org/cultivar2.php?filter=Mango,Sai-Sugandh
http://www.thrissurkerala.com/mango varieties/slides/Saisugandha.html
43

Ratna
 Ratna is a hybrid developed at RFRS,
Vengulra, Maharashtra by crossing
Neelum x Alphonso.
 Tree is vigorous and a precocious bearer.
 Fruits are medium sized, attractive in
colour and free from spongy tissue.
 Fruits have excellent taste and flavour.
44

Released at: RFRS, Vengurla
Regular fruit bearing variety
Fruits medium sized, fibreless and free from
spongy tissue
High pulp to stone ratio and stone very thin
and small.
Sindhu (Ratna X Alphonso)
45

 Pusa Arunima is a hybrid, derived from the cross
between Amrapali x Sensation. (IARI)
 The plants are Semi-vigorous and are suitable for
closer planting (6 m x 6 m).
 It is regular bearer and starts bearing after 4th year
of planting.
 It ripens late in the season and its fruits are ready for
harvesting by 1st week of August.
 The fruits size is medium (250 g) having attractive
red peel colour.
 A good flavour with very good shelf-life (10 to 12
days) at room temperature after ripening.
 It is suitable for domestic market.
 It can also be accepted in the international markets.
 It was released in 2002
Pusa Arunima
46

 Pusa Shreshth is a unique hybrid (Amrapali x
Sensation) having regularity in bearing,
attractive elongated shape, red peel and orange
pulp.
 Due to its elongated shape, it is quite suitable
for uniform packaging.
 It meets all the requirements for the domestic as
well as international markets.
 It has 7 to 8 days shelf-life at room temperature
after ripening.
 It has all the desirable characters like red colour
peel, moderate sugar : acid blend and above all
uniformity in fruit size.
 It was released in 2012 at (IARI).
Pusa Shreshth
47

 It is a unique hybrid ( Dushehari x Sensation )
having regularity in bearing, attractive fruit shape,
bright red peel and orange pulp.
 The red peel colour on yellowish, green
background makes it very appealing to the buyers.
 It has oblong shape and uniform sized fruits.
 It meets all the requirements for the domestic as
well as international markets.
 It has 5 to 6 days shelf life at room temperature
after ripening.
 The plants are semi-vigorous and about 278 plants
of this hybrid may be accommodated in a hectare
(6 m x 6 m).
 It was released in 2012 at (IARI).
Pusa Lalima
48

FRUIT VARIETY PARENTAGE PLACE OF RELEASE CHARACTERS
NEELUDIN Neelum*Himayuddin FRS,KODUR(A.P.) regular, fibreles,
aromatic
NEELGOA Neelum*Mulgoa FRS,KODUR(A.P.) sweet juicy, fibreless
SWARNA JAHAGIR Chinnaswarnarekha*
Jahagir
FRS,KODUR(A.P.) prolific, sweet juicy,
regular,
RUCHI Neelum*Alphonso KKV,DAPOLI good for pickling, regular
MAHMOOD BAHAR Bombai*Kalapadi BAU,SABOUR regular
CISH-M2 Dasehri*Chausa CISH,LUCKNOW sooty mould free, similar
to dasehri
SUNDAR LANGRA Langra*Sundar pasand BAU,SABOUR regular, sweet pulp
KONKAN SAMRAT
(2014)
Alphanso*
Tommyatkins
RFRS, VENGULRA Regular bearer and free
from spongy tissue
Other Hybrids of India
49

Characteristic of important exotic varieties
Kent
 „Kent‟ was selected in a coconut grove,
Florida in 1945.
 Fruit is large, regular ovate, greenish yellow
with red shoulder.
 The tree has a large, vigorous, upright
growth habit and can attain a height of fifty to
sixty feet.
 The flesh is deep yellow, sweet, aromatic and
virtually fiberless.
 It is a mid season variety and fruit ripens
from July to August.
50

Haden
 „Haden‟ is the first superior mango cultivar
selected and named in Florida. The tree is
vigorous type with an open rounded canopy.
 The fruit is large, regular ovate, yellow
almost covered with red blush. The flesh has
a sweet flavor, and it is of good eating
quality.
The fruit ripens from June to July. It is
susceptible to anthracnose and it has
alternate bearing habit.
The fruit is eye catching having a deep
yellow base with a crimson blush and has a
tendency to have “jelly seed”.
51

Tommy Atkins
 Tommy Atkins is another Haden seedling
selected in Florida.It is commercially
grown for export market in Florida.The
tree has vigorous and dense growth habit.
 Fruit is medium to large in size with thick
skin, regular ovate, orange-yellow
covered with red and heavy purple bloom.
 It is resistant to anthracnose.
 It is an early season variety and the fruit
ripens from June to July.
 Flesh is firm, juicy, medium fibre
content, fair to good quality.
 The fruit also ripens well if picked
immature.
52

Kensington Pride (Syn: Pride of Bowen, Bowen Special)
Kensington Pride originated in Bowen,
Queensland during 1960 and it is the standard
Australian mango cultivar.It is generally
propagated as seedling strain.
It is a polyembryonic and midseason variety.The
tree is vigorous in habit and has round canopy.
The fruit is medium to large, almost round with
pink blush, sweet flavour and tends to drop at
small size.
53

Irwin
 „Irwin‟ is a fiberless Florida cultivar renowned for
its consistent and heavy production.
 The tree is a moderately vigorous grower attaining
a height of 15-20 feet with fruit that hangs in
clusters.
 The flesh is sweet, melting, aromatic and of good
eating quality.
 The skin is a showy, deep crimson to garnet in
color. Fruits ripen from June to early July.
54

Florida developed Mango Varieties
Indian Types with Red Blush
Used Commercially throughout the Americas
Tommy Atkins Keitt
June to July August to early October
Haden Kent
June to July July to August
Susceptible to Anthracnose
55

https://www.agric.wa.gov.au/mangoes/new-mango-
hybrid-nmbp-1243 56

NMBP-1243
Parentage Irwin♀ x Kensington Pride♂
Fruit colour Strong red/pink blush on a pale yellow background when ripe.
Average fruit
weight
319-799g, average of 507g.
Fruit shape
Ovate and deeper than wide, with a small sharp beak that flattens out at full maturity. The
stem end is flat or slightly depressed.
Background skin
colour
Pale yellow background with an intense pink/red blush that covers up to 80% of the skin
when fully exposed to the sun. Only a weak blush when fruit is fully shaded.
Skin thickness 0.81mm (medium).
Fruit flavour Classical KP flavour.
Pulp Light orange with a soft texture and very slight fibre. Depth of a cut cheek is 30mm.
Seed embryo Monoembryonic.
Cropping Mature grafted trees produce 20-90 kilograms per tree.
Harvest season Early season in Darwin, Kununurra and Mareeba (2-4 weeks before KP).
Plant Breeder's
Rights status
Granted by IPAustralia on 26 June 2009.
57

https://www.agric.wa.gov.au/mangoes/new-mango-
hybrid-nmbp-1201 58

Parentage Irwin♀ x Kensington Pride♂
Fruit weight 245-530g, average 361g
Fruit shape Ovate/round with a slight beak and slightly sunken stem attachment
Fruit colour
Yellow background with a soft red to dark red blush over 50% of the skin when
grown in sun. Fruit inside the canopy do not blush.
Skin thickness Thin to medium
Fruit flavour Sweet rich KP style with a slight Florida tang
Pulp Colour is yellow/orange with a soft texture and very low fibre. Depth is 30mm.
Seed embryo Polyembryonic
Tree canopy Medium vigour, compact and dense
Cropping
7 year-old trees on KP rootstock in their fourth year of cropping yielded 10-
146kg per tree
Harvest season Early to mid-season; between KP and R2E2
Plant Breeder's Rights status Granted by IPAustralia on 26 June 2009
NMBP-1201
59

https://www.agric.wa.gov.au/mangoes/new-
mango-hybrid-nmbp-4069 60

Parentage Van Dyke♀ x Kensington Pride♂
Fruit weight 325-500g, average of 378g.
Fruit shape Ovate/round with a slight beak and slightly sunken stem attachment.
Fruit colour
Yellow background with a soft pink/red blush over 50% of the skin when grown
in the sun. Fruits inside the canopy do not blush.
Skin thickness Medium (0.86mm).
Fruit flavour Sweet rich KP style with a slight Florida tang.
Pulp
Colour is yellow/orange with a soft texture and very low fibre. The depth on a cut
cheek is 30mm.
Seed embryo Monoembryonic.
Tree canopy Medium vigour tree which is compact and dense.
Cropping
7 year-old trees on KP rootstock in their fourth year of cropping yielded 61-171kg
per tree.
Harvest season Early to mid-season, between KP and R2E2.
Plant Breeder's Rights status Granted by IPAustralia on 26 June 2009.
NMBP-4069
61

Two species:
 Punica protopunica
• found wild in Socotra Island(Yemen)
 Punica granatum: 2 subspecies
• Chlorocarpa - found in Trans Caucasus
• Porphyrocarpa - found in Central Asia
77

Important pomegranate cultivars of India
Cultivar State Characteristics
Ganesh Maharashtra
No.1 in India, large yellowish red, light pink arils with soft seeds, weighs 225-
250 gms with medium T.S.S.
Bhagwa Maharashtra
Heavy yielder, big glossy saffron fruit, bold sweet aril with soft seeds, suitable
for export,
Mridula Karnataka Dark red fruit, sweet aril, good for export .
Ruby Karnataka
Hybrid, Red coloured fruit weighs between 225-275 gms, soft seeds with high
T.S.S.
Jallore seedless Rajasthan
Medium fruit yield, light red sweet aril, more cracking but suitable for arid and
semi arid conditions
G-137 Maharashtra Yellowish red fruit, sweet, good fruit yield, good export potential
Phule arakta Maharashtra Heavy yielder, big fruit, soft seed, sweet blood red aril, glossy dark red skin.
Jyoti Karnataka Yellowish red, medium fruit, red aril, soft seed, High yield potential.
Dholka Gujarat Medium fruit, arils pink red colored
78

S. No. COUNTRY IMPORTANT VARIETIES
1. India Ganesh, Mridula, Bhagwa, Ruby
2. Iran Rabab, Saveh, Malas
3. China Dabaitian, 87-Qing 7, Qingpitian
4. Spain Mollar de Elche, Valenciana
5. USA Wonderful, Early Wonderful, Foothill
6. Georgia Pirosmani, Gruzinskii No-1, Rubin.
7. Esrael Wonderful, Asmar (black)
8. Turkmenistan Ichik-Dana, Kzyl Anar
9. Turkey Hicaznar, Ak-anar, Kizil-anar
10. Egypt Manfaloty, Nab ElGamal, Granada
Important commercial cultivars of different countries
Holland et al, 2009Israel
79

Commercially Grown Varieties
 Ganesh
 Ruby
 Arakta
 Bhagwa
 Dholka
 Jodhpur Local
 Bassein Seedless
 Ruby
In South India, „Paper Shell‟, „Spanish Ruby‟, „Muscat Red‟ & „Velladu‟have shown promise
80

Selection from „Alandi‟
Developed by Dr. Cheema at Pune
Prolific bearer, fruit very large, rind yellowish
red, pinkish aril with soft seeds
Commercial cultivar of Maharashtra
Fruit weighs between 225-250 gms with medium
T.S.S.
The average yield ranges from 8-10 kg per tree
Ganesh:
81

·
Phule Arakta:
 Pre-released in the year 1989, now released
as „Phule Arakta‟ by MPKV, Rahuri
 Heavy yielder, fruits are bigger in size
 sweet with soft seeds, bold red arils
 It also possess glossy, attractive, dark red
skin
 High yield (30-35 kg/tree)
 Fruits are ready for harvesting within 120-
135 days (Early variety)
82

 Ganesh X Gul-E-Shah Red
 This variety has all the characters of the Ganesh variety except the arils are dark red in
colour
 The colour of the arils in 'Ambe' bahar and 'Mrig' bahar is dark red in colour while it is
pink during the 'Hasta' bahar
 The average fruit weight is 250-300 grams
Mridula:
83

 The fruit is glossy red in colour with soft seeds and high TSS
Bhagwa:
84

85
 The fruit skin is red in colour
 fruit weighs between 225-275
gms.
 The grains are soft, having high
T.S.S
 Multiple Hybrid from IIHR,
 yield 16-18t/ha
 Parents –Ganesh, Kabul and
Yercaud.
Ruby

86
Dholka:
 The variety is grown in Dholka area of Gujarat.
 The growth habit of tree is spreading type
 with evergreen nature. Fruit is round and smooth and
light green in color with reddish tinge.
 Plants bear large sized fruits weighing 400 to 500g
per fruit. Arils are sweet in taste with light pink in
color.
 The juice percent showed variation which was 52.0
percent in mrig bahar and 52.5 percent in ambe
bahar.
 T.S.S. of the juice observed to be 16.2 o Brix in mrig bahar and 16.6 o Brix in ambe bahar. The
acidity in mrig bahar was found to be 0.51 percent and 0.47 percent in ambe bahar. Seeds were
found to be soft.
 The variety is susceptible to fruit borer (25.44 %), leaf spot (PDI-18.00) and fruit spot (PDI-
25.40).

Jodhpur Local:
 It is favourite cultivars of arid and semi arid tracts of
Rajasthan.
 The growth habit of tree is spreading type with
evergreen nature. Fruit is round and smooth and pink in
color with
 reddish tinge.
 The fruits of this variety weigh between 180 to 220 g.
Arils are sweet in taste with pink in color.
 The juice percent showed variation which was 37.5
percent in mrig bahar and 39.5 percent in ambe bahar.
 The T.S.S. is 15.0 °B with 0.6% acidity.
 Seeds were found to be hard with a pressure of 8.73
kg/cm2 in ambe bahar and in mrig bahar seeds 9.41 kg
cm2 pressure.
 The variety is susceptible to fruit borer (25.74%), leaf
spot (PDI-21.42) and fruit spot (PDI-15.32).
87

88
 This variety is cultivated to some extent in
Karnataka state.
 Tree is evergreen with spreading habit. The
fruit is round and weight varies from 260 to
300 gm.
 The outer rind colour is red; the seeds are
soft having light pink coloured arils.
 The T.S.S. is 16 °B with acidity of 0.37%.
There is limited area under this cultivar.
Bassein Seedless

Alandi (Vadki)
 This is one of the oldest varieties in cultivation in Maharashtra
state since ages.
 The growth habit of tree is spreading type with evergreen nature.
Fruit is medium in size (170 to 190g), round and smooth with
nipple at pedicel end and pink in color.
 Arils are sweet in taste with light pink in color. The juice percent
showed variation which was 22.43 562 Tropical and Sub tropical
Fruit Crops:
 Crop Improvement and Varietal Wealth percent in mrig bahar and
25.17 percent in ambe bahar. T.S.S. of the juice observed to be
15.0 o Brix in mrig bahar and 15.6 o Brix in ambe bahar.
 The acidity in juice was found to be 0.63 percent and 0.54 percent
in ambe bahar.
 Seeds were found to be very hard in both ambe bahar (6.15
kg/cm2 pressure) and mrig bahar seeds (7.77 kg cm2 pressure).
 The variety is susceptible to fruit borer (23.90%), and fruit spot
(PDI-18.00). Variety is moderately resistant to nematode.
89

 It was released by Mahatme Phule Krishi Vidhyapeeth
(MPKV), Rahuri in the year 1989.
 It is the results of Clonal selection from open pollinated
variety Ganesh. Sawant (1973)
 identified four superior clones from clonal population of
Ganesh i.e., G - 107, G - 132, G 133 and G - 137.
 Fruit is round and smooth and reddish yellow in colour.
 Fruit weight was maximum in mrig bahar (270g), whereas,
in ambe bahar it was 232 g / fruit.
 Arils are sweet in taste with light pink in color.
G – 137
 The juice percent showed variation which was 55.2 percent in mrig bahar and 54.9 percent in ambe bahar.
T.S.S. of the juice observed to be 17.0 o Brix in mrig bahar and 17.4 o Brix in ambe bahar.
 The acidity in mrig bahar was found to be 0.49 percent and 0.42 percent in ambe bahar.
 Seeds were found to be soft and softest in ambe bahar (1.04 kg/cm2 pressure) compared to mrig bahar seeds
(1.27 kg cm2 pressure).
 The variety is susceptible to fruit borer (20.42 %), leaf spot (PDI- 18.45) and fruit spot (PDI-31.74).
90

Alandi
Ganesh
G-137
Medium-sized, yellow, smooth surface and red tinge. Soft seeds with
pinkish aril with sweet tastes.
Large-sized with deep pink and bold aril, sweet in taste, soft seeds
and prolific-bearer. Better than Ganesh in in fruit size, colour of aril
and TSS.
A local cultivar from Western India.
Pinkish red fruit with hard seeds
Development of new varieties through selection
Clonal selection
Developed by Dr. Cheema at Pune
91

Ganesh Gul-e-ShahX
F 1 Progeny
Mridula
Seedling selection
Fruits are medium-sized, rind smooth, Red - dark red in colour, blood-red arils with very soft seeds, juicy and
sweet in taste.
‘Mridula’ - A Seedling Selection
F 2 Progeny
92

1. Bhagwa 2. Ganesh 3. Mridula
5. Ruby 6. Jalore seedless 7. Ichakdana 8. G – 137
4. Phule Arakta
INDIAN POMEGRANATES
93

Mollar de Elche (Spain)
Valenciana (Spain)
Wonderful (USA)
94

Important Banana Varieties Cultivated In Different States Of India
State Varieties grown
Andhra Pradesh Dwarf Cavendish, Robusta, Rasthali, Amritpant, Thellachakrakeli, Karpoora Poovan,
Chakrakeli, Monthan and Yenagu Bontha
Assam Jahaji (Dwarf Cavendish), Chini Champa, Malbhog, Borjahaji (Robusta), Honda,
Manjahaji, Chinia (Manohar), Kanchkol, Bhimkol, Jatikol, Digjowa, Kulpait, Bharat Moni
Bihar Dwarf Cavendish, Alpon, Chinia , Chini Champa, Malbhig, Muthia, Kothia , Gauria
Gujarat Dwarf Cavendish, Lacatan, Harichal (Lokhandi), Gandevi Selection, Basrai, Robusta, G-9,
Harichal, Shrimati
Jharkhand Basrai, Singapuri
Karnataka Dwarf Cavendish, Robusta, Rasthali, Poovan, Monthan, Elakkibale
Kerala Nendran (Plantain), Palayankodan (Poovan), Rasthali, Monthan, Red Banana, Robusta
Madhya Pradesh Basrai
Maharashtra Dwarf Cavendish, Basrai, Robusta, Lal Velchi, Safed Velchi, Rajeli Nendran, Grand Naine,
Shreemanti, Red Banana
Orissa Dwarf Cavendish, Robusta, Champa, Patkapura (Rasthali)
Tamil Nadu Virupakshi, Robusta, Rad Banana, Poovan, Rasthali, Nendran, Monthan, Karpuravalli,
Sakkai, Peyan, Matti
West Bengal Champa, Mortman , Dwarf Cavendish, Giant Governor, Kanthali, Singapuri
http://nhb.gov.in/report_files/banana/BANANA.htm
96

Characters used to classify banana cultivars derived from M. acuminata and M. balbisiana
Character M. acuminata M. balbisiana
Color of pseudostem Black or grey-brown spots Unmarked or slightly marked
Petiole canal
Erect edge, with scarred inferior leaves, not
against the pseudostem
Closed edge, without leaves, against the
pseudostem
Stalk Covered with fine hair Smooth
Pedicels Short Long
Ovum Two regular rows in the locule Four irregular rows in the locule
Elbow of the bract Tall (< 0.28) Short (> 0.30)
Bend of the bract The bract wraps behind the opening
The bract raises without bending behind
the opening
Color of the bract
Dark red or yellow on the outside, opaque purple
or yellow on the inside
Brown-purple on the outside, crimson on
the inside
Discoloration
The inside of the bract is more bright toward the
base
The inside of the bract is uniform
Free tepal of the male flower Corrugated under the point Rarely corrugated
Color of the male flower White or cream Pink
Color of the markings Orange or bright yellow Cream, yellow, or pale pink
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_banana_cultivars
97

State Tamil Nadu
Year of release 2005
Centre NRC For Banana
Hybrid / selection Selection
Genome ABB
Sub-group Pisang Awak
Crop duration 13 months
Bunch weight 35-40 kg
Sugar content (TSS) 31oB
Bunch shape Cylindrical
Biotic stress Field tolerance to wilt and nematodes
Value added production
Suitable for processing into value added products like figs, Banana
juice, wine, etc.
Source of planting
material
National Research Centre for Banana , Thogamalai Road, Thayanur
Post, Trichy - 620 017, Tamil Nadu
Status of performance
Higher yield with field tolerance to wilt and nematodes and
performance well even in high pH and marginal soil
Udhayam
http://nrcb.res.in/varieties-products.php98

http://agritech.tnau.ac.in/horticulture/bv/index.htm99

http://agritech.tnau.ac.in/horticulture/bv/index.htm
100

Hybrids:
CO 1
 It is a hybrid clone released by Tamil Nadu
Agricultural University, Coimbatore
involving three parents - Ladan, Kadali and
Musa balbisiana.
 It is akin to hill banana Virupakshi in flavour
and taste and suitable for growing in the
plains and hills upto 1200 meters elevation.
 It yields about 22 t/ha.
 The crop duration is 14 months.
http://agritech.tnau.ac.in/expert_system/banana/season&variety.html 109

FHIA-0 1
 It is also called as Gold finger and high yielding hybrids
which replace Pachananda and Bluggoe varieties.
 It is a Pome hybrid developed from the combination of SH-
3142 x Dwarf Prata in Honduras.
It bears heavy bunches (20-25 kg) without propping in 14-15
months.
 Fruits have sub acidic or apple flavor.
 It is highly resistant to black Sigatoka, Fusarium wilt and
apparently resistant to burrowing nematode.
 Fruits have a good shelf life without premature detaching.

Saba
 It is an introduction from Phillipines and it is found promising
under in saline sodic soils.
 It could perform well withpout any yield reduction in sodic soils
with PH 8.5-8.75.
 Plant with huge pseudostem and grows to a height of 16-20 feet.
 It is a sturdy plant and somewhat cold tolerant.
 The fruit is large and angular even when ripe. It has a white pulp
which is sweet when ripe although very starchy.
 This cultivar is used for cooking.

Robusta
 Semi dwarf mutant of the tall Lacatan.
 Plant – medium sized, stem dark purple with greenish tinge.
 Bunch – pendulous, 7-9 hands per bunch, 12-15 fingers per
hand. Average 100 fruits per bunch, 25-30 kg.
 Fruits - large, skin medium thick, ripe fruits drop off easily,
fruits - green to dull yellow, pulp - sweet, juicy, agreeable
flower, better keeping quality than Dwarf Cavendish.
 Susceptible to leaf spot, corm weevil, rhizome rot and
mosaic diseases.
 Crop duration - 12 to 14 months.

Sirumalai
 The Sirumalai type grown in the Sirumalai Hills is
considered to be an ecotype of Virupakshi.
 The only difference is that in the Sirumalai type, pulp is not
as dry, but is juicier to sweeter and richer in flower.
 Fruit attachment to the pedicel is not as strong as in
Virupakshi.
 Crop duration 14 months.

Fig bananasare a sweet, chunky type of cooking
banana.
Red bananasare very tasty and they look very
attractivetoo.
http://www.dole.eu/dole 114

Pisang awak bananas taste very sweet and are
very popularin south-east Asia.
Small Hawaiian plantainslook rather like
gherkins.They come from the South Pacific
islands.
http://www.dole.eu/dole
115

TNAU released varieties
Variety Parentage Duration
(Economic life)
Remarks Year of release
CO 1 Selection from Ranchi 3 years Dioecious, dessert cum papain purpose,
flesh yellow colour
1972
CO 2 Selection from local 3 years Dioecious, dessert as well as papain.
Flesh yellow colour
1979
CO 3 Hybrid derivative between
CO 2 x Sun Rise Solo
3 years Gynodioecious variety, red fleshed fruit
only for dessert purpose
1983
CO 4 Hybrid derivative between
CO 1 x Washington
3 years Dioecious, purple coloured petiole and
stem, dessert use, flesh yellow colour
1983
CO 5 Selection from Washington 3 years Dioecious, high latex, yellow fleshed
fruit
1985
CO 6 Selection from Giant 3 years Dioecious, large size fruits, table +
papain purpose, flesh yellow colour
1986
CO 7 Hybrid obtained from 3 parents viz.,
Pusa Delicious, CO 3 and Coorg Honey
Dew
3 years Gynodioecious, excellent fruit for
dessert purpose. Fruit flesh attractive
pink colour
1997
http://www.ikisan.com/tn-papaya-varieties.html
120

Gynodioecious cultivars
Pusa delicious Coorg Honey Dew
Pusa majesty Taiwan
sunrise solo Surya
CO-3 CO-7
ENLIST CULTIVAR
Dioecious cultivars
Pusa giant CO-5
Pusa dwarf CO-6
CO-1 CO-2
Pant 1
20
Hybrids cultivars
IIHR-39/Surya – (Sunrise solo x Pink flesh sweet)
Cariflora – (K2 x K3)
IIHR-54 – (Waimanalo x Pink flesh sweet
HPSC -3 = (Tripura local x Honey Dew)
CO-3 = CO-2 x sunrise solo
CO-4 = CO-1 x Washington
CO-7 = ( CO-3 x Pusa delicious) x ( CHW x CP-85)
Arka surya= Sunrise solo x Pink flesh sweet
121

Pusa Dwarf
Year of Release 1986 (from IARI Regional Station, Pusa Bihar).
Parentage Selection from Ranchi variety
RecommendedAreas All over India in tropical and sub-tropical regions.
Average Yield 40-45 kg per plant.
Characterstics A dioecious variety with dwarf and precocious plant.
Fruiting starts at a height of 40cm and the total height
of the plant us up to 130cm. The fruit is small to
medium with 12cm x 8cm seed cavity and 3.5cm thick
flesh. The flesh colour is yellow to orange and TSS
ranges from 6.5 to 8 ÂºBrix. Each fruit weight about
1.0 to 1.5kg. The yield per plant is 30-40 kg. This
variety is suitable for high density planting.
http://www.iari.res.in

Pusa Majesty
Year of Release 1986 (form IARI Regional Station, Pusa Bihar).
Average Yield 35-10 kg per plant
Characterstics A gynodioecious variety with good keeping
quality, fruiting starts at a height of 48 cm, total
height of the plant is 196 cm. Fruit size medium to
big, seed cavity 17cm x 9cm, firm flesh of 3.5cm,
firm flesh of 3.5cm thickness with a TSS 9 ÂºBrix.
The average weight of the fruit ranges from 1 to
2.5 kg and the yield per plant is 35-40 kg. It is
tolerant to nematode.
http://www.iari.res.in123

Pusa Majesty
Year of Release 1986 (form IARI Regional Station, Pusa Bihar).
Characterstics A gynodioecious variety with good keeping quality,
fruiting starts at a height of 48 cm, total height of the
plant is 196 cm. Fruit size medium to big, seed cavity
17cm x 9cm, firm flesh of 3.5cm, firm flesh of 3.5cm
thickness with a TSS 9 ÂºBrix. The average weight of
the fruit ranges from 1 to 2.5 kg and the yield per
plant is 35-40 kg. It is tolerant to nematode.

Pusa Nanha
Year of
Release
1983 (form IARI Regional Station,
Pusa Bihar).
Parentage Evolved through mutation breeding
from Ranchi variety.
Recommended
Areas
All over India in tropical and sub-
tropical regions.
Average Yield 25-30 kg per plant.
Characterstics An ultra dwarf dioecious variety of
papaya developed through mutation
breeding. Fruiting starts at a height of
30 cm and the total height of the plant
is 120 cm. The fruit is small to
medium with yellow coloured, 3.0 cm
thick flesh. The yield per plant is 25 to
30 kg. It is highly suitable for high
density planting and kitchen
gardening. http://www.iari.res.in125

Pusa Giant
Year of Release 1981 (from IARI Regional Station, Pusa,
Bihar).
Recommended
Areas
All over India in tropical and sub-tropical
regions.
Characterstics Dioecious variety with male and female
plants. The plants most vigorous and
produce large size fruits. Fruiting starts at a
height of 92 cm, total height of the plant is
220 cm. The shape of fruit is ablong with
18cm x 10cm seed cavity and 5 cm thick
flesh. Colour is yellow to orange and TSS
ranges from 7 to 8.5 ÂºBrix. The average
weight of the fruit ranges from 1.5 to 3 kg
and the yield per plant is 30-35 kg. An
outstanding features of this variety is the
tolerance of its plants to strong wind

 A gynodioecious variety of papaya "Coorg Honey Dew" has been
selected from the Honey Dew variety
 and released for commercial cultivation in 1959. The variety has
become popular throughout the country.
 The variety produces no male plants. The fruits are long to oval,
weighting 2.0 to 3.5 kg and of excellent quality.
 Each plant bears 40-60 fruits and an average yield of 200 tons per
hectare could be obtained over a three year cropping period.
http://www.iihr.res.in/central-horticultural-experiment-station-chettalli
Coorg honey dew
127

Pusa Nanha (Mutant Dwarf)
 It is dioecious line, dwarf and precocious.
 Fruiting starts at a height of 40 cm within
239 days of planting with the total height of
the plant as 130 cm.
 Fruit medium to small, oval and flesh 3.5 cm
thick of blood red to orange colour with TSS
ranging between 6.5 to 8.0
o
Brix.
128

• Early (8-9 months), vigorous & high-yielding
hybrid variety
• Potential yield= 120 t/ha
• Two year productive life cycle
• 50 to 120 fruits/tree
• Average fruit weight= 1.5 to 2 kg
• Semi-dwarf height
• Begins to bear fruit at 50 to 80 cm height.
• Fruit quality: Thick, firm, red flesh, great
tasting, aromatic
and very sweet (13-14% sugar content)
• Highly tolerant to Papaya Ring spot Virus
Red Lady (Gynodioecious line)
129

Solo
 Fruit round and shallowly furrowed in
female plants, pear-shaped in bisexual
 plants.
 Weight 1.1 to 2.2 pounds. Skin smooth,
flesh firm, reddish-orange, very sweet,
of excellent
 quality.
 Produces no male plants, only bisexual
and
 female in a 2 to 1 ratio.
 Introduced into Hawaii from Barbados
in 1911.
 Named Solo in 1919.
130

Taiwan-786 :
 It is a gynodioecious variety cultivated
 for table as well as processing purpose.
 The fruits are oblong with a tasty sweet
pulp having few seeds.
 The plant starts bearing fruits from 100
cm above the ground level.
 The fruit weigh between 1-3 kg and has
 excellent keeping quality.
131

CO 1,
 This variety has been bred by the continuous
sibmating and selection in the type 'Ranchi' over
a period of eight years.
 The plant is dwarf in habit producing the first
fruit within 60-70 cm from the ground level.
 Fruit size maximum, spherical, smooth skin,
nipple slightly raised at the apex, flesh orange
yellow, soft, firm and quite juicy with good
keeping quality
 The fruits are practically free from objectionable
papain odour.
132

 This variety has been bred at Tamil
Nadu Agricultural University,
Coimbatore, India for its high papain
content.
 Plants are dioecious, vigorous and of
medium height.
 Fruits medium to large (1 to 1.5 kg),
producing 4 to 6 grams of papain per
fruit. (averaging 250 to 300 kg of dried
papain per hectare), oblong, light green
when ripe, shallow furrows numbering
5, skin smooth and glossy.
 Flesh orange, soft to firm, moderately
juicy and has good keeping quality.
 It is one of the best varieties for papain
extraction.
CO 2
133

CO 3
 This variety is a hybrid derivative between
CO2 x Sun Rise Solo.
 It is a gynodioecious variety.
 The fruits are smaller but larger than Solo
weighing 450-600 g.
 Fruits are pyriform in shape with attractive
pink colour flesh.
 The tree yields 90-120 fruits.
 Fruits are suitable only for table purpose
and not for papain extraction.
134

 This variety is a dioecious one developed
as a hybrid derivative between CO1 and
Washington.
 Fruits are medium in size with round
shape similar to CO1.
 The plant characters are similar to
Washington with purple coloured petiole
and stem.
 Fruit weight ranges from 1.3-1.5 kg.
 The tree produces 80-90 fruits.
 Flesh is yellow in colour.
 It is suitable only for table purpose and
not for papain extraction.
CO 4
135

CO 5
 This variety is a dioecious and it is a
selection from Washington.
 This variety is grown for its high latex
production.
 It produces 50-60g of wet latex/fruit.
 This variety yields 75-80 fruits per tree.
 The flesh is yellow in colour.
 Though the latex yield is higher than CO2,
enzyme activity in the latex is lower than
CO2.
136

CO 6
 This variety is a dioecious variety and is a
selection from Giant.
 The fruits are larger in size weighing 1.5-2.0
kg.
 Fruits are round to oval in shape with yellow
flesh.
 Tree yields 80-100 fruits.
 It is suitable both for table purpose and latex
extraction.
137

 It is a gynodioecious variety.
 It is obtained from a multiple crosses
involving, Pusa Delicious, CO3 and Coorg
Honey Dew as parents.
 This variety is similar to CO3 but the fruit
size is bigger than CO3.
 It yields 65-70 fruits per tree.
 Each fruit is weighing about 1.0 kg.
 This variety is exclusively suitable for table
purpose and not for papain extraction.
CO 7
138

 very sweet and flavorful,
 yellow-fleshed papaya.
 Medium to large fruit, can grow up to 10
pounds.
 Generally not as sweet as Hawaiian types.
Mexican Yellow
139

http://iihr.res.in/varieties
 It is from the cross (Surya x Tainung-1) x
Local Dwarf. It is gynodioecious in nature.
 The plants are semi-vigorous and bearing
starts at a lower height (60-70 cm).
 Since the variety is gynodioecious, seed
production is easy, as bagging of bisexual
flowers ensures true to type plants.
 The pulp is firm (5.9 kg/cm2) and colour is
deep pink.
 The fruit weight on an average is 900-1200
g, the TSS is 13-14 & Brix and yield per
plant is 90-100 kg.
 The keeping quality is good.
Arka Prabhath

Important guava varieties cultivated in different states of India are given below :
State Varieties grown
Andhra Pradesh
Allahabad safeda, Lucknow 49, Anakapalli, Banarasi, Chittidar, Hafshi, Sardar, Smooth Green,
Safed Jam, Arka Mridula
Madhya Pradesh L-49, Allahabad safeda, Gwalior-27, Hafshi, Seedless Chittidar
Jharkhad L-49, Allahabad safeda
Karnataka Allahabad Safeda, L-49, Araka Mridula, Araka Amulya, Bangalore, Dharwar
Assam Am Sophri, Madhuri Am, Safrior Payere
Bihar & Jharkhand Allahabad Safeda, Apple Colour, Chittidar, Hafshi, Harijha, Sardar, Selection-8
Maharashtra & Gujarat Nagpur seedless, Dharwar, Dholka, Kothrud, L-24, L-49, Nasik, Sindh
North-eastern States Allahabad Safeda, Sardar, Red Fleshed.
Tamil Nadu Anakapalli, Banarasi, Bangalore, Chittidar, Hafshi, Nagpur Seedless, Smooth Green
Uttar Pradesh
L-49, Allahabad Safeda, Lucknow Safeda, Apple Colour, Chittidar, Red Fleshed, Allahabad
Surkha, Sardar, Mirzapuri Seedless, CISH-G-1, CISH-G-2, CISH-G-3
West Bengal L-49, Allahabad Safeda, Dudhe Khaja, Gole Khaja, Kabli, Baruipur, Chittidar, Harijha, Sardar
http://nhb.gov.in/model-project-reports/Horticulture%20Crops/Guava/Guava1.htm
142

1. Psidium pumilum – HETC, Basti and Saharanpur
2. Psidium montanum – IIHR, Bangalore
3. Psidium guineense – HETC, Basti and NDUA & T, Faizabad.
4. Psidium friedrichsthalianum – HETC, Basti and NDUA & T, Faizabad.
5. Psidium cujavillus – HETC, Basti and NDUA & T, Faizabad.
6. Psidium chinensis – HETC, Basti and NDUA & T, Faizabad.
7. Psidium cattleianum – HETC Basti and NDUA & T, Faizabad.
8. Psidium acutangulam – IIHR, Bangalore
9. Psidium oraca – HETC, Basti
Availability of Guava Species in India
Baloda et al. (2011)CCS Haryana Agricultural University, Hisar 143

Characteristics of Important Species
1. Psidium guineense: It is also known as Guinea or Brazilian guava. The plants are like
shrub or small tree. It is wilt resistant. Average fruit weight is about 6 g. Poor quality
fruits.
2. Psidium pomiferum: It bears round shaped fruits.
3. Psidium pyriferum: It bears pear shaped fruits.
4. Psidium montanum: It is also called as mountain guava. Plants are just like shrub and
attain a height of about 1.5 m. It is found in mountains of Jamaica. Fruits are round with
very poor quality.
5. Psidium friedrichsthalianum: It is also called as Chinese guava; resistant to wilt.
Fruits are small globose in shape and have high acid content.
144

6. Psidium cattleianum: It is also known as Cattley guava or Strawberry guava. It is shrub or
small tree. Fruits are small, deep scarlet in colour and globose in shape. More tolerant to low
temperature than Psidium guajava.
7. Psidium molle: Tree is medium in height. Fruits are small in size. Average fruit weight is 13 g.
8. Psidium pumilum: It is also known as Chinese guava. Tree is like pyramidal in shape, flowers
twice a year. Average fruit weight is about 19 g.
9. Psidium cujavillus: Growth and flowering habit is just like Psidium guineense. The fruit is
small to medium, average fruit weight is 30-50 g and sour in taste.
10. Psidium policarpum: The growth characters are similar to Psidium guajava, except the fruit
shape is pyriform. Average fruit weight is 200-250 g.
Cont…
Baloda et al. (2011)CCS Haryana Agricultural University, Hisar 145

Sardar (Lucknow 49)
 It is a selection from Allahabad Safeda made at Poona
during 1927 Also known as Sardar,
 its fruits are large, roundish ovate in shape, skin
primrose yellow and pulp white, very sweet and tasty.
 The TSS and vitamin C contents are high.
 The trees are vigorous It is prolific bearer, greenish
yellow with milky white sweet pulp and rough
surface.
 Shell is fairly thick, contains fairly soft few seeds in
inner portion of pulp.
 Since the number of seeds is less, keeping quality is
medium it is very popular in Maharashtra and Andhra
Pradesh.
 It is suitable for table purpose and yields about
25t/ha.
146

Allahabad Safeda :
 The most famous variety of Allahabad, it has acquired large
variations due to seed propagation.
 The fruits are large in size, round in shape, skin smooth and
yellowish white. The flesh is white, firm, soft having pleasant
flavour, high TSS and vitamin C content.
 The seeds are numerous, bold and hard. The trees are tall with
profuse branching and broad crown. It can withstand drought
conditions
 This is the most famous variety gown in Uttar Pradesh for table
purpose. Tree is medium in height (5.8-6.5m) with vigorous
branching and dense foliage.
 Fruits are medium in size (180g), round in shape with few
seeds. Fruit is white fleshed with good keeping quality 147

 The variety is very popular in western Uttar Pradesh. The fruits
are characterized by numerous red dots on the skin, high
sweetness, and small and soft seeds.
 It is otherwise similar to Allahabad safeda fruits in size, shape
and pulp.
 It has higher TSS content than Allahabad Safeda and Lucknow
49 but lower vitamin C content.
 The tree characters resemble to those of Allahabad Safeda
 The Chittidar is similar to the Safeda except that it has many
pinkish red dots of the size of a pinhead on the surface of the
fruit.
Chittidar:
148

http://vikaspedia.in/agriculture/crop-production/package-of-practices/fruits-1/guava
The variety recently developed by Central Institute for
Subtropical Horticulture, Lucknow is suitable for
commercial cultivation.
Tree is semivigorous with medium height and is a prolific
bearer.
It is a variety with medium size globose fruits"creamy white
skin with red spots or blush and snow-white flesh.
Fruits are attractiveand have good nutritive value.
Shewta
149

 It is a high yielding pink fleshed guava variety released by
Central Institute for Subtropical Horticulture, Lucknow
for commercial cultivation in guava growing areas of the
country. Fruits are of saffron yellow colour with red
"blush weighing 185-200 g fruif .
 Its flesh is firm and pink with a good blend of sugar and
acid.
 It is suitable for both tabJe and processing purposes.
 The jelly made from this variety has better flavour and
attractive appearance.
Lalit
http://vikaspedia.in/agriculture/crop-production/package-of-practices/fruits-1/guava150

Apple Guava
 The trees are medium in vigour and are moderate
yieldes. Fruits are
 medium sized, with apple coloured skin; cool
temperature is required for good colour
development.
 The pulp is white and firm, sweet to taste.
151

Hisar Safeda
 It was selected from a cross between Allahabad
Safeda and Seedless.
 Plant growth is upright, Compact crown, fruit round
(92 g), pulp creamy white & less seeds and fruit soft.
152

 It is a selection from open pollinated seedlings of
Allahabad Safeda.
 Plants are semi-vigorous in nature and spreading.
Fruits are round in shape and weigh about 180 g.
 Skin is yellow in colour and smooth.
 Flesh is white in colour.
 TSS is around 12 & Brix.
 Fruits are soft seeded, weight of 100 seeds is 1.60 g.
 Keeping quality is good.
 The pectin content is 1.041%.
 It is good for jelly making
Arka Mridula

 It is a progeny from the cross Allahabad Safeda x
Triploid.
 Plants are medium in vigor and spreading type. Fruits
are round in shape.
 Skin is smooth and yellow in colour.
 Fruits on an average weigh about 180 - 200 g, flesh is
white in colour and firm.
 TSS is around 12 Brix, soft seeded, weight of 100
seeds is 1.80 g.
 Keeping quality is good
Arka Amulya
154

 It is from the cross Kamsari x Purple Local.
 The pulp is firm and deep pink in colour.
 Fruit weight is on an average about 90-120g.
 The TSS is around 13-14 and keeping quality is good
Arka Kiran
155

 It is from the cross Kamsari x Purple Local.
 This hybrid is prolific and early bearer than its
parents.
 Medium sized (180-200g) globose fruits with
deep pink pulp, and medium soft seeds with TSS
(12° Brix) high lycopene and ascorbic acid
(235mg/100g) content coupled with excellent
taste.
 It has yield potential of 30-35 t/ha
Arka Rashmi
156

Pusa Srijan
Year of Release 2004 (Delhi State Variety Release Committee)
Parentage Aneuploid No. 82 hybrid evolved as Seedless x
Allahabad Safeda.
Recommended
Areas
Not Available
Average Yield Not Available
Characterstics Extremely dwarf rootstock, hence,
recommended for high density planting.
157

 All the seedless varieties viz. Saharanpur Seedless, Nagpur
seedless and others, are the same.
 Two types of fruits, completely seedless and partly seeded, are
borne on a plant of seedless variety.
 The completely seedless fruits develop on the shoots rising from
the stem and these are bigger in size and irregular in shape.
 The partly seeded fruits are born on normal shoots at the
periphery and are small in size and round in shape.
 Seedless variety is unfit for commercial cultivation because it
gives very low yield. The plants are very vigorous
Seedless:
158

https://iapreview.ars.usda.gov/Main/docs.

https://iapreview.ars.usda.gov/Main/docs.160

A. Squamosa L. (Sugar apple)
 Fruit- Aggregate
 Small to medium:- < 0.5 kg 2.3-4”
long
 Shape:- Nearly round, Ovoid or
conical Knobby segments
 Skin :-Thick
 Flesh Creamy white, Highly
aromatic, Many seed, Carpel adhere
loosely
177

 The fruits are heart shaped, nearly smooth and
contain for seeds.
 The fruits quality is poor because of lower sugar
content of the pulp.
 It is a tropical fruit not grown in commercially in
India.
Annona reticulata : (bullocks heart, ram phal)
178

A. cherimola Mill: (Lakshman phal or Cherimoya)
 Fruit-Aggregate
 Weight :- Normally 150-500 g Up to 2.7 kg
 Shape:- Conical to heart shaped, Smooth to covered
with rounded protuberances.
 Skin : Thin to thick
 Flesh: Snow white, Highly aromatic, Many seed
 It is the best annonaceous fruit because its acidic
sweet flavored and low seed content.
 it is however not suitable for tropical climate. Based
on the fruits form 5 cultivars are there
 a. Finger printed b. Smooth c. Tuberculeted d.
Mannilate e. Umbonate.
179

A. Atemoya or Hanuman phal
 A. cherimola X A. squamosa
 Fruit:- Aggregate
 Growth requirement:- Intermediate between
cherimoya and sugar apple
 High yielding sps.
 Is known for quality fruits but low productive
variety.
 Tolerant to more cold.
180

Annona Muricata
 Annona muricata : (sour soap, mundla
sitaphal)
 It is an evergreen tropical tree, within
grows in AP, Assam.
 Its large heart shaped fruits.
 The pulp is sour due to the presence of
high acidity.
181

 Swamp loving ornamental plant
 Useful in breeding for the drought
tolerance and colored flesh.
Annona glabra : (pond apple , monkey apple)
182

Release of variety in custard apple : The variety in Custard apple
named “ Gujarat Junagadh Custard apple-1
(GJCA-1) was developed from Madhadibag farm, Department of
Horticulture, JAU, Junagadh (2009)
- Area of recommendation : Saurashtra region
- Days to maturity : 62.92 days
- Fruit weight (g) : 139.89 g
- Fruit length (cm) : 6.80 cm
- Fruit girth (cm) : 7.06 cm
-Yield performance : 45.86% higher than check
Salient features
More number of fruit per tree
Higher fruit yield
Less number of seed per fruit as compared to check
www.jau.in/coa/download%5CVarieties-released-2004-11.pdf
(GJCA-1)
183

 It‟s a very popular in farmer.
 Fruits are very attractive & large.
 Average weight of fruits is 150-200 gm.
 Pulp of fruits is white, with fragrance and in which very
low concentration of seed.
 TSS of fruits 23.78%.
 Yield of tree 50 fruits/ tree / year.
Sindhan
184

 Its mostly in South India but also popular in
India.
 Fruits size are big, ave.wei. Of 360 gm but in
which higher concentration of seed (43/100).
 TSS of fruit 25 o brix.
Balanagar
185

 Pinks Mammoth are large super sweet fruit which
some growers hand pollinate at flowering to
improve fruit shape.
 These trees can produce fruit weighing as much as
3kg.
 Its also turn from dark green to a light green.
 Pinks Mammoth can also, when mature, show a
yellowing between the fruit carpel.
Pinks Mammoth
186

 A stunning golden bronze fruit with soft
skin and a high flesh ratio.
 Good sized fruit. Proving to be an
excellent performer in the Northern
Rivers.
Late gold
187

 It is a progeny of Island gem (Annona atemoya Hort.) X Mammoth
(A. squomosa L.).
 Arka Sahan fruits come to harvest in September-October and
mature fruits (210 g) take about 6-7 days to ripe.
 The skin has a waxy bloom, light green in colour, moderately thick
(0.5 cm) with large, flat eyes.
 The creamy white colour flesh is juicy with mild pleasant aroma
and tender with scarce seeds (9/100 g) and large segments.
 100 g pulp of Arka Sahan contains 2.49 g of crude protein, 42.29
mg P and 225 mg Ca against 1.33 g, 17.05 mg and 159 mg
respectively in Mammoth. On an average, 12 tonnes of fruits can
be harvested / ha. and resistant to drought.
Arka Sahan

 It is crossed between Annona cherimola X Annona
squamosa.
 Having good quality fruits.
African Pride
189

Arka Neelachal Vikram
Breeding method : Clonal Selection
Flowering : May -June
Maturity : September - October
Maturity days-: 125-135days
Fruit wt. : 230-260g
Yield potential : 14-15 kg/tree (6 year old)
TSS : 24 °Brix
Fruit quality : Excellent
Sugar/acid ratio : 55-60 ( very sweet)
Pulp : 53%
Keeping quality : 5-6 days
Seed/100g pulp : 20
190

 Is protected by Plant Breeders Rights (PBR) and can only
be purchased from Australian Nurserymen's Fruit
Improvement Company (ANFIC) licensed nurseries.
 The registered owner of this variety is Keith Paxton.
KJ Pinks Australian Variety
191

 Hilary White is a strain of Pinks Mammoth.
 The cropping performance is between that of Pinks
Mammoth and the African Pride.
 The fruit has a smoother skin than standard Pinks Mammoth,
but average fruit shape.
 The fruit is sweet and aromatic.
Hilary White
192

 Is also very highly regarded in tropical and subtropical
areas. Fruits with sweet custard-like pulp are from 3 to
5 inches in diameter with a lumpy green skin and
ahead maturity the fruit has a bluish or white blush.
 Some varieties are developed that have a red blush or
red skin which are more attractive.
 At maturity fruits have a custard like white pulp with
small black seeds and the sweet flesh is eaten fresh or
used for milkshakes and ice cream
Thai Lessard
193

 The fruit is round in shape or heart-shaped or ovate or
conical, 2 to 3 inches in diameter, yellowish green,
green, pink or purple in color with attractive nature.
 The surface is a tuberculate and covered with a
whitish bloom.
 The pulp is white, custard-like, sweet and a little
acidulous in flavor.
Kampong Mauve ( sugar apple )
194

 Released from Australian Custard apple growers
association(ACAGA).
 Suitable for home gardens.
 Ripening at room temperature.
Tropical Sun
195

• Mandarin- Nagpur mandarin
• Sweet oranges- Mosambi, Malta
• Acid lime-Baramasi, Vikram, Laldevi, Pramalini, Sai Sarbati
• Lemon- Bhadri lemon, Pant lemon
• Pummelo- Chakotra, Mahatabi, Gagar
• Grapefruit- Saharanpur special, Duncan, Marsh seedless, Ruby red
Commercial cultivars:
197

 Rasraj is an inter-specific polyembryonic hybrid
developed for resistance to bacterial canker disease by
breeding.
 The hybrid derives genes for canker resistance from
the Nepali Round lemon parent and other characters
from the acid lime parent.
 The fruit is yellow coloured, weighs on an average
about 55 g containing 70% of juice and 12 seeds.
 The rind is thicker than lime. The acidity is 6% and
TSS is around 8°B.
Rasraj

 Lemato is a hybrid variety of Lemon and tomato.
 Israeli researchers produced a genetically engineered
tomato that tastes with its hint of lemon and rose aromas.
 Nearly 82 people have tested the experimental fruit
against unmodified counterparts.
 It describes as perfume, rose, geranium and lemon grass.
http://www.fruitsinfo.com/lemato-hybrid-fruits.php
Lemato Or Rosato = Lemon + Tomato
199

 Rangpur is a hybrid variety, a cross between mandarin
orange and lemon.
 Rangpur is a citrus fruit also known as lemandarin. It
has a very acidic taste.
 The name of this fruit was originated in the Bengali
languages.
 Since this fruit is grown in Rangpur in Bangladesh, a
city is known for citrus fruits.
 It can also be used as a substitute for commercial
limes.
http://www.fruitsinfo.com/rangpur-hybrid-fruits.php
Rangpur fruit
200

 Tangelo is a hybrid variety of tangerine and a pomelo
or a grapefruit.
 The fruit of tangelo and mandarin looks similar.
Tangelo fruit start to ripen from late autumn through
to late winter.
 It ranges usually from the size of a standard sweet
orange to the size of a grapefruit.
http://www.fruitsinfo.com/lemato-hybrid-fruits.php
Tangelo Fruit
201

Sweet orange
Pusa Round:
 It is a promising selection having dense foliage and attractive round
fruit.
 It has uniform bigger sized fruits (268.68 g), high juice (119.00
ml/fruit; 48.26%) and high TSS (10.140B) content with moderate
acidity (0.92%).
 Furthermore, the plants are moderately vigorous and about 400 plants
of this selection may be accommodated in a hectare (5 m x 5 m).
 On per plant basis, it yields about 3.5-fold higher than Jaffa and 2.4-
fold higher than Valencia.
 Therefore, it will give higher productivity per unit area. Its fruits are
free from granulation.

 It is a selection having medium vigorous trees, leaves
unifoliolate, petiole wing absent, more or less plane, thorn
present, dense canopy, suitable for planting at a distance of 5 m x
5 m.
 Average fruit weight 227.56 g, round in shape, juice recovery
50.12%, medium thick peel, higher TSS (9.20 ºBrix) and
moderate acidity (0.77%).
 It yields 2.6-fold higher than Jaffa and 1.8-fold higher than
Valencia.
 Therefore, it will give higher productivity per unit area. Its fruits
are free from granulation.
Pusa Sharad:
203

Acid Lime
Pusa Udit:
 It is a clonal selection has dense canopy, heavy yielder, fruits round in
shape, medium in size (37.9 g), fruit length (43.9 mm), diameter (39.3
mm), peel thickness (1.1 mm), seeds (8.3/fruit), fruits bright yellow at
ripening, juice content (43.3%), TSS (8.5%), acidity (6.9%).
 It produces round the year crop with peak harvesting from August-
September and February-March.
 It is moderately susceptible to citrus canker. Round the year fruiting with
two season harvesting will make this selection highly suitable for
commercial cultivation as well in kitchen garden.
204

Pusa Abhinav:
 It is a promising clonal selection having medium vigorous trees, dense
foliage, and attractive bright yellow round shaped fruits.
 It has round the year fruiting with peak harvesting during summer
months (March-April and August-September) and is moderately
susceptible to citrus canker.
 It has medium sized fruit (38.15 g) with higher juice content (56.92%)
and acidity (7.72%).
 Round the year fruiting with two season harvesting will make this
selection highly suitable for commercial cultivation as well in kitchen
garden.
205

 In one promising clone, plants are vigorous and upright,
having dense canopy with or without thorns.
 Fruits are subglobose, depressed at distal end, frilled at stock
end; ripe fruits are deep orange, orange yellow or yellow in
colour.
 Fruit weight ranges 90 to 105 g with 10-12 segments. Fruits
contained 40% juice with 100 brix TSS and 0.4-0.6% acidity
and 41.6mg ascorbic acid. /l00 ml juice.
 The average yield of a ten year old plant is 800-1000 fruits.
Fruits have excellent shelf life.
Coorg mandarin
206

CHESP-8
 This is selection of seedlings of pink flesh cultivar. Tree
medium, 4-5 m tall, spreading prolific bearer. Leaf 20-22 cm
long and 8-10cm wide, flowers in June- July.
 Fruits mature in February – March spherical yellowish with
dark pink flesh weigh 1.35kg , Total soluble solids- 100brix,
acidity – 0.38 percent, .each fruit contains 75-80 seeds,
 pulp recovery 55-60%. Yield - 250 to 350 kg per tree per year.
Pummelo
207

Type : Perennial
Yield : 175 - 200 kg/tree
Parent : Hybrid between Cricket ball and Oval
Character : Fruits suitable as table purpose, fruit
shape is long oval, medium sized, with
sweet
taste, fruits, oblong, flesh reddish brown,
Bearing after 4 years of planting
Average Fruit
weight
: 125 g
TSS: : 18o brix
https://sites.google.com/a/tnau.ac.in/horticultural-college-research-institute
CO 1
209

CO2
Type : Perennial
Yield : 175 kg/tree or 11.8 t/ha
Parent : Clonal selection from Baramasi
Character : Tree medium in height, Fruits suitable for table
purpose, Round shape; bigger than Co.1, fruit oblong-
round, medium sized, flesh soft juicy, sweet, gritty,
light brown in colour with pleasant aroma.
Skin outer surface cinnamon brown in color, inner
surface yellowish green, flesh soft, juicy, slightly
gritty, light brown in color, aroma slight, taste sweet,
seed medium sized, black, obovate in shape, beaked,
suture distinct, slightly adhering to flesh and placed
centrally in the fruit.
Approximately fruits take six months from fruit set to
harvest, with two bearing seasons (December –
February and May-June).
Average Fruit
weight:
: 125-150g
TSS: : 23 o brix
210

Type : Perennial
Yield :
157 kg/tree. Under high-density planting
system it yields 40-50t/ha
Parent : Hybrid between Cricket Ball and Vavilavalasa
Character : Trees are of intermediate stature. Compact
canopy. Bearing commences from the fourth
year of planting. Fruits are dull brown,
oblong, sweet, trees are highly suitable for
high density planting.
It bears fruits all through the year with a peak
during February-June and September-October.
Suitable for growing in plains up to an
elevation of 100m MSL under wide range of
soil conditions.
Average Fruit
weight:
: 133 g
CO3
211

Type : Perennial
Yield : 236 kg/tree (3500 fruits/tree)
Parent : Clonal selection from Guthi
Character : Dwarf statured and adaptable to southern and
central districts, siutable for table purose,
profuse bearing, fruits medium sized,
elliptical- oblong with thin skin, rich in
sugars. Fruits are of two shapes viz., round
(rarely) and oval (maximum). The skin is very
thin and the pulp has a buttery consistency.
High average yielder with medium size fruits.
Average Fruit
weight:
: 100g
TSS : 23 o brix
PKM-1
212

Type : Perennial
Yield : 80 kg/tree
Parent : Hybrid between Guthi and Kirtibarthi
Character : Fruits are bigger in size, oval shaped, Yield increase is
42.76 per cent over PKM.1 variety. The fruits are
bigger in size as compared to PKM.1 (84.0g). The
fruits are of good quality with higher TSS, total sugar
(14.25%), reducing sugar (9.46%) with high
sugar/acid ratio
Average Fruit
weight:
: 95g
TSS : 26 o brix
PKM-2
213

Type : Perennial
Yield : 80 kg/tree or 14 t/ha
Parent : Hybrid between Guthi and Cricket ball
Character : Suitable for high density planting. The variety is
adaptable to tropical plains of Tami Nadu. The
fruits bear in clusters with oval shaped large fruits.
The vertical growth habit of tree allows high
density planting. The fruits mature earlier than
other varieties in this season thus fetching higher
return. The variety is tolerant to leaf spot and leaf
webber.
PKM-3
214

Type : Perennial
Yield : 20.08 t/ha or 100.4 kg/tree/year
Parent : Open pollinated clone of PKM 1
Character : Distinguisely spindle shaped fruits. Suitable for high
density planting The flesh has a light pink colour with
pleasant flavor. High yielder with compact canopy and
cluster bearing character. It bears spindle shaped fruits
suitable for dry flakes production. Fruit contains
attractive pulp with light pinkish honey brown colour
which are crisp with sweet with of. The fruits are also
found to be less seeded (2-3 seeds only). The best season
for planting is June – July and October – November. It is
suitable for varied soil types of tropical conditions.
TSS : 24 -25º Brix
PKM-4
215

Type : Perennial
Yield : 18.70t/ha
(19.06 % yield increase over PKM 1 and 17.97 % PKM 4)
Parent : Selection from OP seedlings of Virudhunagar
Character : Leaves are waxy, narrow, small, upright and arranged in whorl form
in cluster. Compact tree canopy, cluster bearer. Suitable for vertisols,
water stagnated and drought areas. Oval shaped attractive fruits with
smooth, light brown skin which facilitates a good market appeal.
Flesh is crisp and retains coppery brown colour while other sapota
varieties turn dark brown after ripening. Since the fruits are heavier
with coloured flesh than other varieties, it is highly suitable for
making flakes, powder and mixed fruit jam. It shows field tolerance
to leaf spot and leaf webber incidences. This can be best planted
during June – October. High yielder, High Total Soluble Solids and
suitable for preparation of dry flakes, milk shake powder and mixed
fruit jam.
Average
Fruit weight:
: 80g
TSS : 24 -25º Brix
PKM-(Sa)5
216

Type : Perennial
Character : It is a table purpose variety. Fruits large
sized, round, sweet with granular pulp.
Cricket Ball
217

Type : Perennial
Character : Popular and high yielding cultivar, fruits
oval or egg shaped, thin skin, borne in
clusters with apex broadly pointed and pulp
very sweet with good flavour.
Pala
218

Type : Perennial
Character : It is cultivated for table as well as for
processing purpose. Very small egg shaped
fruit with four to six ridges on the rind, skin
is rough, medium thick with buff colour,
pulp very sweet when fully ripe. Ideal for
transporting to distant markets.
Kirtibarathi
219

A. heterophylla
A. philippinesis
A. maxiija
A. brasiliensis
A. integrifolius
A. vintegra
OTHER EDIBLE FRUIT BEARING SPECIES.
A. integer (Thunb)
A. altilis (Park)
A. blancoi (Elemer)
A. camansi (camansi)
A. odoratissima (Marang)
A. lancaefolia (Kledang)
A. rigidus (Mandalika)
Species
221

 TNAU has developed the variety in 1996.
 It is a clonal selection from Ulagumoodu local near Pechiparai.
 It is a medium tall tree, yields 105 fruits per tree per annum
(each weighing 17 kg) which accounts for 40.8 per cent more
yield than local.
 The fruit bearing occurs twice annually (April- June and
November- December) and produces high quality crisp carpels
with more TSS and ascorbic acid content.
 The flakes are sweet and tasty with pleasant aroma.
 The maximum bearing takes place on tree trunks.
 This variety is suitable for commercial planting and home
gardens.
PPI Jack
222

 TNAU has developed it in 2007 is a clonal selection from
Pathirakkotai Local.
 This is having good quality and bigger sized fruits.
 It is having highly palatable and edible flakes fetches more price
due to attractive characters and keeping quality resulting in
increased income to the farmers.
 This is having fewer incidences of major pest and diseases; can
be planted during June- December and is suitable for growing in
tropical climates of deep well drained loam soils.
 This variety yields 95- 110 fruits/ tree/ year weighing an average
of 1600 -1950 kg. While the PLR 1 yields 29.00 fruits/ tree/ year
weighing 114 kg.
PLR (J)-2
223

 The University of Agricultural Sciences,
Bangalore, Karnataka, has recently released a
Jackfruit selection by the name of Swarna during
2010.
 It is a very good yielder that bears fruits in
bunches on the trunk, primary branches and also
on the secondary branches.
 The medium sized fruits weigh 6-8 kg.
 The fruit lets are golden brown in colour, juicy
with TSS of 25 to 26 Brix, with thick flash and a
very thin rind less than 1 cm.
Swarna
224

 The selection has medium to low latex with
medium fruits (6.4 to 9.0 kg)
 Having oblong fruits shape containing 120-140
flakes/fruit with flakes to fruit ratio of 0.45-
0.50.
 The flakes are yellow, sweet in taste, TSS 26-30
is found promising and has been under the
release process at the Indian Institute of
Horticultural Reaserch, Banglore.
Gumless
225

 Golden Pillow' or 'Mong Tong', was introduced in the 1980s from
Thailand.
 In its homeland of Thailand it has attained a standing as a fruit of
characteristic beauty and quality.
 The tree is always managed with a height and spread of 3 m and it is
small.
 The fruit average of 3.6 to 5.5 kg with 35 to 40% edible flesh.
 There are naturally 65 to 75 seeds per fruit and little latex. The flesh is
thick and crisp, with a golden color.
 The flavor is mild and sweet, with no musky aftertaste. This cultivar is
famous for intelligent fruiting, bearing in the second year after
planting.
http://www.fruitsinfo.com/Jackfruit.php
Golden Pillow
226

 The Golden Nugget Variety Tree has a fast growing nature, with a
characteristic of dark green, rounded leaf.
 It forms a dense, spreading awning, which is easily maintained at a
height and spread of 2 to 2.5 m.
 The fruit are small, green and rounded, fleshy spines on the skin. The
spines flatten to a smooth, golden-yellow upon maturity.
 The fruit weigh around 3.2 kg, with an excellent edible flesh percentage
of 41%.
 The deep orange flesh is soft to medium firm depending on fruit's
ripeness. The flavor is excellent and the flesh has no fiber. 'Golden
Nugget' fruit will be regularly split open prior to ripen when there are
having a heavy rains.
 Yielding of tree can be maintained at 60 to 80 kg per tree per year.
Golden Nugget
227

 The Dang Rasimi is an exotic fruit in medium oval shape. The tree is
always in an open, spreading and fast growing habit.
 It must be pruned annually to maintain a height and spread of 3 to 3.5 m.
The trees are highly industrious, soft between 75 and 125 kg per tree,
while maintaining energetic growth of the tree.
 The fruit are bright green to pale yellow colour and uniform in shape.
 The skin has sharp spines that do not flatten or "open" with maturity.
Fruit are medium to large, average of 8 kg, with 32% edible flesh
percentage. The flesh is deep orange and firm.
 It has a mild, sweet flavor and a sweet, enjoyable aroma. 'Dang Rasimi' is
one of the most energetic jackfruit cultivars, and must be annually pruned
to maintain size.
Red Bartlett
228

 The Cochin Fruit is small and smooth in nature. The tree is low in
energy and forms a sparse, upright and narrow awning.
 The tree can be maintained at a height between 2 and 2.5 m and a
spread of 1.5 m with light annual pruning.
 The fruit are small and smooth in comparison with other cultivars
because the spines squash and fruit opens when matured.
 Fruit with an average 1.5 kg, with 35% edible fruit percentage.
 During a quantity of times of the year, the entire fruit can be eaten,
including the "rag". The flesh is firm and mild, with little latex.
Cochin
229

Black Gold
 The Black Gold is an energetic jackfruit, with a dense and highly
manageable awning. With annual prune the tree is easily maintained at a
height and spread of 2 to 2.5 m with reliable, heavy production of 55 to
90 kg per tree.
 The fruit are medium in size, averaging of 6.7 kg, with an edible flesh
percentage of 35% for each.
 The exterior of the fruit is dark green in colour and has sharp fleshy
spine.
 The spines always have a zig-zag it is very difficult to judge the proper
harvest time and maturity.
 The deep orange flesh is soft, with a strong, sweet flavor and aroma. The
flesh is removed easily from the fruit compared with other cultivars.
230

 Released in 2004 by the Regional Fruit Research Station (RFRS),of Dr. Bala Saheb
Sawant Konkan Krishi Vidyapeeth, Dapoli, Maharashtra.
 It is a Seedling selection.
 Yield of 450 to 550 Kg/ tree and average yield- 420.56 kg/ tree producing 73 fruits/ tree/
year with individual fruits weight of 5.70 kg.
 Fruit length of 34.4 cm and breadth of 15.2 cm, medium sized, oblong shape, firm flesh
even in monsoon season, golden yellow colour of flesh.
 fruit bears in bunches, surface- spiny, starts it bearing from 6 to 7 years of planting
 Fruits are having TSS of 25.0 Brix, seed weight of 132g, flowers in January- February.
Konkan prolific
231

o Gulabi (rose-scented)
o Champa (flavour like that of champak)
o Hazar (bearing a large number of fruits)
o Rudrakshi (pumello-sized fruits with smooth rind and less spines)
o Singapore (highly precocious)
o Muttam Varikka (producing fruits of 7kg each)
o Dewaria (40kg-sized fruits)
o Allahabad (small with white, juice and soft pulp)
Other varities
232

 Selection of seedlings of unknown origin, tree medium
(15-16 feet) spreading, leaf 20-22 cm long ,8-10 cm
wide.
 Flowers in Feb – March and Oct- Nov.. Fruits borne in
clusters of 3 to 5, medium size green, round weigh 200-
250 g.
 Ripen in April -May and September – October. Total
soluble solids - 10.5 o brix. Pulp- pale yellow, recovery
- 60 percent. Yield- 300-500 fruit per tree
http://www.iihr.res.in/central-horticultural-experiment-station-
chettalli
Avocado CHES A-1
234

Description Size Appearance
Ripe
Characteristics
1. Oval-shaped
fruit
2. Medium to
large seed
3. Easy peeling
4. Light taste
Medium,
ranging
from 6 to
12
ounces
Smooth thin
green skin
with a
yellowish
green flesh.
Skin remains green,
darkens slightly
Fruit undergoes
gentle pressure
when ripe.
 Bacon is a medium sized fruit with a smooth and a yellowish green skin. Bacon has a light
tasting flesh. It is a good pollinator for Hass
http://www.fruitsinfo.com/Avocado.php
Bacon

Ripe
Characteristics
1. Oval-shaped
fruit
2. Small to
medium seed
3. Easy peeling
4. Great tast
Full
range
from
average
to large,
4 to 13
ounces.
Stony, thick but
malleable skin.
Pale green flesh
with creamy
texture.
Skin darkens as
it ripens
Fruit undergoes
gentle pressure
when ripe.
Hass
 Hass is the common variety of California Avocado. Hass productions are famous in Southern
California regions. The color of its skin changes from green to purplish-black when it is ripe.
236http://www.fruitsinfo.com/Avocado.php

Ripe
Characteristics
1. Pebbly skin with pale
green flesh
2. Smooth, creamy, nutty
taste
3. Large in size
4. Symmetrical in shape
Ranges in
size from
11.75 oz to
18.75 oz.
Looks and
ripens similar
to a Hass
avocado.
Oval in shape
with a medium-
size seed.
Skin darkens as it
ripens.
Undergoes gentle
pressure when
ripe.
Lamb Hass
 Lamb has smooth texture, with buttery flavor. Color of the flesh and seed ratio is similar to
Hassexcept the black colored skin which is slightly darker than Hass.

Description Size Appearance Ripe Characteristics
1. Fleshy oval
fruit
2. Small to
medium seed
3. Easy to peel
4. Great taste
Medium
to large,
ranging
from 5 to
14 ounces
Stony, thick
but malleable
green skin.
Creamy, gold-
green flesh
Green skin turns dull.
Fruit undergoes
gentle pressure when
ripe.
 Gwen haves similar taste, texture and appearance of Hass, but slightly larger in size. Harvesting time is
generally from January to September in southern California.
Gwen
238

Description Size Appearance Ripe Characteristics
1. Pear-shaped
2. Medium
seed
3. Peels easily
4. Great taste
Medium to
large fruit,
ranging from 5
to 13 ounces
Soft thin green
skin.
Creamy, pale
green flesh.
Skin remains green
always.
Fruit undergoes gentle
pressure when ripe.
Fuerte
 A hybrid Mexican variety which is the original high quality California Avocado. Harvesting time is
generally from November to March.

Ripe
Characteristics
1. Long, pear-shaped
fruit
2. Small seed
3. Easy peeling
4. Great taste
Large fruit,
ranging from
9 to 18 ounces
Medium thick green
skin with slight
pebbling
Creamy, pale green
flesh.
Green skin
deepens in color
as it ripens
Fruit undergoes
gentle pressure
when ripe.
Pinkerton
 Relatively longer neck when compared with other avocadoes. Its flesh has a nutty taste. The skin is
medium thick which is similar to Hass.

Varietal Wealth and Characteristics of Major Mango Varieties in India

Varietal Wealth and Characteristics of Major Mango Varieties in India

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