2. DEFİNİNG LEARNİNG OBJECTS
A variety of definitions exist
General Characteristics:
digital resources –
documents, images, simulations, videos, audios…
in small chunks
self-contained (but can be aggregated)
reusable
Durable (Interoperable, searchable)
shared through metatagging & standards
Metaphors: the atom versus LEGOs™ - David Wiley
3. TWO GOOD DEFİNİTİONS
David Wiley
The fundamental idea behind learning objects is
that instructional designers can build small
(relative to the size of an entire course)
instructional components that can be reused a
number of times in different learning contexts.
Additionally, learning objects are generally
understood to be digital entities deliverable over
the Internet.
Rachel Smith – NMC
A learning Object is any grouping of materials
that is structured in a meaningful way and is tied
to an educational objective. It is also digital in
nature.
4. EXAMPLES OF LEARNİNG
OBJECTS
Multimedia content
audio and/or video clips [audio] [video]
animations [t-RNA] [Rondas Infantiles][timeline]
Instructional content
simulations [Phonetics]
Images, charts and maps [Latin American Art]
an entire course module
Ethics and Values
Canadian Provinces – UWW Flash Project
Lecturas paso a paso
Interactive content
Tutorials – [Phonetics Vowel chart]
Games – [Accounting] [PPT games] [Jeopardy]
Role Plays – Interviews – [ sales/marketing class]
quizzes/self assessments [art history][vocab]
5. LEARNİNG OBJECT
REPOSİTORİES & FEDERATED
SEARCH ENGİNES
MERLOT Multimedia Educational Resource for Learning and Online Teaching [e.g.]
CAREO Campus Alberta Repository of Educational Objects
ADL Co-Labs Advanced Distributed Learning
AEShareNet
Splash-POOL
Wisc-Online Learning Object Project
Apple Learning Exchange
Maricopa Learning Exchange
CLOE Cooperative Learning Object Exchange
ARIADNE
Other Resources
Compilation of Repositories Learning Object Initiative
The Instructional Use of Learning Objects
6. GETTİNG TECHNİCAL
Meta-tagging
Identify ownership and characterize the learning
object, rights management
Allows for search and interoperability of the
learning objects in various environments
Learning Object repositories (LOR) depend on
meta-data to organize learning objects
Metadata Schema specifications
IMS, Dublin Core, CanCore….etc
8. STANDARDS = INTEROPERABİLİTY
Various standard bodies
IEEE LTSC (1996) Learning Technology Standards
Committee (currently LTSC, 2000b)
AICC aviation Industry Computer Based Training
ARIADNE Alliance of Remote Instructional
Authoring and Distribution Networks for Europe
IMS Instructional Management Systems
SCORM Sharable Content Object Reference
Model
ADL Advanced Distributed Learning
9. AUTHORİNG TOOLS COME TO AİD
You do not need to meta-tag your learning
objects
Many authoring tools have built-in features
to make your LO standard compliant
authoring tools such as Dreamweaver, Lectora,
Repositories such as Merlot, CAREO, WFR
For all practical purposes, you may just
concentrate on the creation of the objects
that can be assembled into D2L or a website
for the project
10. PEDAGOGİCAL AND
INSTRUCTİONAL DESİGN ISSUES
Like any other instructional technology, learning objects must
participate in a principled partnership with instructional design
theory if they are to succeed in facilitating learning
It is very unlikely that the combination of LOs in the absence of
instructional theory will result in larger structures that are
instructionally useful
A person without an understanding of instructional design has no
more hope of successfully combining LOs into instruction than a
person without an understanding of chemistry has of successfully
forming a crystal
(Wiley, 2002)
A short Video – http://www.wisc-online.com/
11. PRACTİCAL LEARNİNG OBJECT
CONSİDERATİONS
Design to Enable Learning
Keep your educational goal in focus
Choose meaningful content
Consider assessment issues
Envision how the learning object will be used
Select appropriate activity structures
Present content in meaningful ways
What are your resources
Content- rights issue
Technical expertise/assistance
Time
12. COPYRİGHT & INTELLECTUAL
PROPERTİES CONSİDERATİONS
Using assets
Copyright Clearance
Fair Use – not unlimited license
Your own rights
Consider Creative Commons
http://www.creativecommons.org
Specify what can be done rather than what cannot
be done.
13. SOME TOOLS TO İNVESTİGATE
Acrobat software
Photoshop – [photo gallery]
Dreamweaver
Hot Potatoes
[crossword] [word order] [fillinblanks] [reading]
StudyMate [loads of examples]
PowerPoint
Flash [animations] [exercises]
MovieMaker
Desire2Learn
14. HOW THE LTC CAN HELP YOU
You are the subject matter expert
Design, collect, assemble content pieces
LTC helps you with
Instructional design- putting the pieces together
Technical assistance
Document processing, graphics
manipulation, website creation, video
digitization and editing, flash animation and
other programming needs, D2L, repository
registration
Advice on authoring tools available
