1. The seminar discusses Telangana's Mission Kakatiya program which aims to revive minor irrigation by restoring tanks and water bodies. 2. It describes the importance of minor irrigation in Telangana's agriculture given its landscape and climate. However, many tanks had fallen into disrepair after independence. 3. Mission Kakatiya was launched to restore over 46,000 tanks through repair works, increasing irrigation potential. Studies found this increased irrigated areas, crop yields, and improved groundwater levels.

1. Seminar -IV
Mission Kakatiya Program
to
revive minor irrigation in Telangana
Gopichand B
III Ph.D.
PALB-8025

3. Terminology used
• Ayacut- Area served by an irrigation project
• CBTMP-Community Based Tank Management Project, 2004
• IDC-Interest designing Construction
• Shikam land- Land associated with water body
• TMC- Thousand Million Cubic feet (109)
• RRR- Repair, Renovation & Restoration,2005

4. • Telangana region once prosperous part of Kakatiya kingdom
became the most undeveloped in AP
• After independence of India, the process of SRA 1956, AP was
formed out of earlier Andhra and Rayalaseema region of
Madras State and Telangana region of Hyderabad state was
merged to form a larger state, Andhra Pradesh
• This was done in to bring all the Telugu-speaking under one
administrative unit
Introduction

5. Introduction
• Telangana is centrally
located in Deccan
Plateau where we find
lot of undulations,
hillocks, rivers,
rivulets, streams etc.
and is blessed with
ample rainfall ranging
900mm to 1100mm per
annum

6. • The geo-hydrological characteristic of Indian monsoon had emphasized
the establishment of storage facilities to hold the rain water and utilize it
later
• After Independence the FYP’s of country concentrated on major and
medium irrigation projects and canals
• On the other hand, excessive groundwater usage supported by
institutional finance for availing infrastructure and procurement of high
subsidized electric and diesel pumps for ground-water extraction
without regulations
Introduction

7. • The irrigation policy of erstwhile Andhra Pradesh ignored the
maintenance and development of tanks and allowed them to face the
extinction of tank system which resulted in the self-sufficient villages
of Telangana to become drought prone areas
• This resulted in migration of people from rural areas to Hyderabad
and other far-off places had made their lives vulnerable. One of the
main components for separate state demand for Telangana
Introduction

8. • On one side Tank irrigation & canal irrigation was not developed
• Rightful share of Krishna and Godavari rivers was denied to
Telangana
• 80% of farmer suicides occurred in AP State were from Telangana
region and millions of people from 10 Telangana districts migrated
to far off places in search of livelihood
Introduction

9. • The water management was largely dependent on water that was
released by Govt. in canals from major irrigation systems or big dams
• 74.25% irrigation water through canal system under major irrigation
projects went to coastal Andhra region, while Telangana got 18.20% out
of the remaining share
• Backward Regions Grant Fund 2009-2010 that out of total 13 backward
districts in AP, 9 belongs to Telangana
• People strongly felt that by creation of a new state of Telangana alone
would fetch them water
Introduction

10. 1.To know the importance of minor irrigation in Telangana
2.To describe the Mission Kakatiya program and its implementation
3.To review the related research studies
Objectives of Seminar

11. • Tank building activities started in Telangana in Pre Satavahana (271 BC
to 30 BC) era.
• It attained excellence in Kakatiyas era. The legacy of Kakatiyas was
carried forward by the Qutubshahis, Asafjahis who ruled Deccan
Region.
• Millions of Hectares of land was brought into cultivation and villages had
become self-sustainable. Drought was a very rare occurrence in
Telangana
• Life line for rural economy, livelihood and cultural centers for various
rural communities apart from farming community since ages
• Many village festivals were celebrated at the tanks
Importance of minor irrigation in Telangana

12. • A notable achievement during this Kakatiya period was the construction
of Tanks for irrigation in the uplands and around 5,000 of them were
built by warrior families subordinate to the Kakatiya rulers. This
dramatically altered the possibilities of development in the sparsely
populated dry areas.
Objectives of Seminar
Importance of minor irrigation in Telangana

13. • The Krishna, Godavari, Musi
and Manjira rivers traverse
through the semi-arid lands of
Nizamabad, Karimnagar,
Medak, Ranga Reddy,
Nalgonda and Mahbubnagar
districts of Telangana
• Large quantities of water from
these rivers are diverted to
substitute the industrial,
drinking and other needs of
Hyderabad and irrigation
needs of Andhra region of AP.
Otherwise, these rivers would
have sufficient and satisfied the
water needs of these districts

14. • Over 85% of the farmers in the state belong to the small and marginal
category with an average land holding size of 1.11 ha.
• 63% of the farmers in Telangana depend on rain fed agriculture and
more than 70% of cropped area is rain fed
• Agriculture is the primary source of income for 78% of the population,
but currently it produces only 30% of the total income of the state
• Only 37% of the potential tank-irrigated area is served by the tanks in
the state
Importance of minor irrigation in Telangana

15. District wise Tanks
Warangal
5,839
Karimnagar
5,939
Khammam
4,517
Nalgonda
4,762
Mahaboobnagar
7,480
Adilabad
5,939
Nizamabad
3,251
Medak
7,941
Rangareddy
2,851
District wise Tanks

16. Source: Season & Crop report AP
Gross Irrigated Area in Telangana (2012-13)

17. Source: Season & Crop report AP
Tanks and irrigated area in Telangana (2012-13)

18. • The Mission Kakatiya was implemented to enhance the development of
agriculture based income for small and marginal farmers, by
accelerating the development of minor irrigation infrastructure,
strengthening community based irrigation management and adopting a
comprehensive program for restoration of tanks
Why Mission Kakatiya?

19. • The Govt. prioritized to restore minor irrigation tanks to their original
capacity for effective utilization of 255 TMC water allocated for Minor
irrigation sector under Godavari & Krishna River basins
• The minimum ayacut that can be irrigated with the above allocated
water is about 20 lakh acres but now being irrigated is only 9 to 10 lakh
ac.
Why Mission Kakatiya?

20. The reasons for this gap ayacut under Minor Irrigation are:
1) Loss of water storage capacity of tanks due to accumulation of silt
in tank beds
2) Ruined sluices, weirs & weak bunds
3) Non- functional feeder channels
4) Deteriorated condition of Irrigation canals
• As per reconciliation survey 46,531 no. of M.I, Small tanks, Percolation
tanks, Private Kuntas and Small tanks were identified
• The present program requires no further allocation of water & land
Why Mission Kakatiya?

21. 1) The District Minister/ local MLA/MLC/Public representatives will be approached to
identify priority order for restoration of local tanks
2) Mandal AEE will submit the list of tanks under his Jurisdiction to concerned officials /
public representatives
3) Identify tanks for which repair works have already been taken up under programs
4) Preference will be given to tanks which have greater ayacut & good source of water
5) Tanks which have not been covered under any program will be given priority
6) The chain of tanks in identified in the Phase-I. Repairs/ Re-sectioning of Feeder
channel and Silt removal in the tanks will be taken up as priority basis
7) One urban tank at constituency H.Q. will be developed as Mini Tank Bund
Identification of Tanks

22. • 1621 No. of works costing Rs. 379 Crores are funded by NABARD -
RIDF Tranche-XX with a loan assistance of 360 Crores under
Mission Kakatiya – I
• Later the NABARD has sanctioned a loan assistance of 317 Crores
• The works of Mission Kakatiya Phase - I were completed by
31.05.2017
• Under RRR Phase – II 182 water bodies costing 125 Cr. were
approved by CWC,GoI
Funding Pattern

23. Year wise Budget Allocation & Expenditure of MK
(Rs. Crores)

24. All Phases Phase I Phase II Phase III Phase IV
Total Tanks 46531 9306 9306 9306 9306
Survey
completed
28114 8021 9291 6089 4713
Districts 31
Assemble
Constituencies
119
Mandals 608
Villages 10761 5190 5349 3592 2656
Phase wise survey & Villages covered

25. Agriculture Department
• Silt samples collected to test its
suitability for application in
agriculture fields
• Publicity to utilize silt
• Change in irrigation system and
improved water management
techniques
• Increase in productivity: cropping
pattern/ cropping intensity
• Balanced use of chemical fertilizers
• Reduction of cultivation cost through
improved implements and
equipment
• Introduction of high-tech agriculture
to increase the farm returns
Rural Development Department
• Converge various other programs
being implemented & coordinate
with other line departments.
Forest Department
• Effective utilization of tank
foreshore areas in selected
locations through afforestation.
• Nursery raising and plantation
• Training for maintenance and
cultural operations
• Planting Silver Oak and Toddy
trees around the tank boundaries
Departments Role

26. Fisheries Department
• Upgrading production practices
through improved stocking &
intensive cultivation
• Use of improved feeding,
management and harvesting
techniques
Revenue Department
• Identifying the Shikam lands.
• Identifying the government waste
lands for dumping the unproductive
soil
• Cooperating between Revenue and
Irrigation depts for removing illegal
constructions in tank bed
GroundWater Department
• Monitor the groundwater levels and
quality of groundwater
• List of over exploited villages to the
district Superintending
Engineers/Executive Engineers
Information and Public Relations
Department
• Create awareness: media & IEC
• Motivate the farmers to utilize the
useful silt excavated out of the tanks
• Involve NCC, NSS, Guides, Scouts,
Public Representatives and SHGs
Departments Role

27. 1. The water retention capacity of the soil will increase thereby
decreasing the number of wettings
2. Improve ground water recharging capacity and increase the
capacity of the tank there by increasing the availability of water
even during the summer for irrigation & drinking water purposes
3. It is observed that due to de-silting the fluoride content in the
ground water will be reduced considerably
4. Silt can be used as nutrient / fertilizer to the plant which generally
reduces the usage of fertilizer
5. The yield of the crops like cotton and chillies is increased by 20 to
30%
6.There is a scope for getting carbon credits in the international
market
Advantages of Silt removal & Silt Application

28. • It is programmed to publicize the importance of Chinna Neeti Vanarula
Punaruddharana in the public through wide publicity to make them
aware and participate in the massive program designed by the
Government.
• There is a necessity to motivate and encourage the end users for their
participation explaining the Benefits of the tank to the public by various
types of media
• The respective departments are addressed accordingly to publicize the
benefits of the program and importance of people's participation
Making it a People’s Program

29. • A website is developed to tackle the massive program
Mission Kakatiya to track the progress of works online and
proposed to effect the payments duly linking the Bill
Monitoring System with this website
• In the recent past the restoration and maintenance works of
Minor Irrigation tanks were being taken up only for Bund,
Weir, Sluice, Irrigation Channels etc.
• https://missionkakatiya.cgg.gov.in/
Monitoring Tools

30. Progress of MK (30.04.2019)

31. Audit Observation Govt. Reply Remark
Two sampled divisions viz.,
Medak and Vikarabad claimed
100 % ayacut achievement
under Phase II. Audit
observed that 47 % were not
completed as of June 2017
The Government replied that
5.6 lakh acres of gap ayacut
was established
The reply of the Government
was not supported by any
evidence
No evidence on record to
show that the field offices had
conducted preliminary
investigations to assess the
quantum of silt to be
removed
The quantity was assessed
out of the experiences of
AEE/AE
Prescribed specific procedure
for assessment of silt to be
removed from the tanks
Findings of CAG Report

32. Audit Observation Govt. Reply Remark
The delay in completion of works
ranged from 20 to 549 days in respect
of 69 (66 per cent) out of 104 works
test checked.
It stated that 6,300 tanks were
taken up in due to heavy rains and
almost 40,000 tanks were filled
with water. Hence the Department
could not take up targeted tanks.
Department did not furnish
any details in support of the
claim of taking up of 6,300
tanks
Govt. orders (March 2015) directed the
PR&RD Department to converge
activities under MGNREGA and District
Water Management Agency with MK
were not followed & machinery used.
Findings of CAG Report

34. Research Studies

35. Study 1: Reviving minor irrigation in Telangana:
Midterm assessment of Mission Kakatiya
Shah, M. & Verma, S. (2018)

36. Tanks completed & expenditure incurred

37. Change in Paddy area irrigated by groundwater

38. Productivity change of major crops in II year after silt
application

39. Study 2: Mission Kakatiya for restoration of
tanks and water bodies in Telangana
Rao, D. S., Kumar, V. A. &
Devender, M. (2019)

40. Impact assessment by Institutes

41. lmpact assessment by Institutes

42. • During the baseline survey,
63% of the water users have expressed that the physical condition of the
tanks in their area are poor, 3% are very poor
• After MK-I, people perception was:
46.7% of the tanks are very good, 28.6 % are good, 15.8% satisfactory and
only 5.1% of the tanks are reported to be below satisfactory(IRMA/IWMI)
The stage of ground water extraction decreased by 12% (92% to 80%)
and categorization changed from critical to semi-critical category

43. • After formation of Telangana State, new Govt focused on promoting
inland aquaculture in various water bodies including reservoirs
• Due to this proactive measures and policy shift Telangana stood
among top five inland fish producing states in India
Fishery type 2018-19 2017-18 Increase
Fish (tons) 2,94,209 (Rs.
2942 Crs.)
2,70,209 24,174
Prawn (tons) 9,998 7,783 2,215
Impact on Fish Production

44. Conclusion
• The Mission Kakatiya Program started paying dividends in
terms of increase in water retention period, irrigation in the
ayacut, crop yields, silt application in farm lands, ground
water table and others. The transparency in documentation of
project work was missing where it mis matches the
achievements desired and achieved which shadow the
programs of this kind to move forward. Hence, Govt. of
Telangana need to bring some policy initiatives to sustain
long term positive impacts.

45. Discussion