Sex Trafficking And Eastern Europe

Sex Trafficking And Eastern Europe
Sex Trafficking in Eastern Europe "Trafficking in human beings is all around us, closer than we
think" as stated by EU Affairs Commissioner Cecilia Malmstrom (Chappel 1). Sex trafficking is a
form of modern– day slavery, in which women and children are forced into an industry that
degrades and dehumanizes these victims, reducing them into objects used for sexual exploitation.
Sex trafficking is a term than encpompasses many froms of sexual abuse; such as commercial sex
work, forced sexual favors, prostitution, exotic dancing, mail order brides, military prostitution, and
sexual tourism (Deshpande e22). This is an overwhelmingly large injustice that the world 's global
community is confronting and attempting to combat today because sex trafficking is an international
issue that connects many regions around the world. The Balkans region of Eastern Europe, because
of its ever increasing rates of sex trafficking, it is a logical area of the world to begin implementing
solutions that may eliminate this corrupted industry and, in doing so, bring justice to victims of sex
trafficking. This situation is extremely relevant to all citizens of the world because it involves a vast
range of different countries, made up of an interconnected network of sex traffickers who commit
injustices across international borders. Historical conflicts directly affect the present, likewise, sex
trafficking in the Balkans region of Eastern Europe has direct historical roots and relationships to
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Effects Of The Middle East And Eastern Europe
Emma O'Grady
WHAP 2B
Mr. Sipher
March 20, 2016
World War I: The Effects in the Middle East and Eastern Europe War World I, otherwise known as
the "Great War," was a devastating ordeal for the people of the world, who faced the repercussions
of the war. The war was started with ideas of nationalism, patriotic feelings, which can be unifying,
however it can turn nations against each other as well. During the war, in the years of 1914–1918
and the years after it leading to the Second World War, the occupation of the regions in the Middle
East and Eastern Europe were constantly switching between the native forces and that of foreign
forces. In 1918, when Germany surrendered, the Treaty of Versailles was negotiated between
Germany and the Allied Forces. The signing of the Treaty of Versailles was the start of a chain
reaction that led all other opposing forces to negotiate their own treaties, one such treaty is the
Sykes–Picot Agreement. The Sykes–Picot Agreement was a negotiated peace treaty between the
countries of the Middle East and those in Europe. With the help of these treaties, the political
boundaries of countries involved in the war are typically changed and are beneficial to the victors of
the war. At the end of any war, there are always consequences that people are forced to face.
In times of war, many nations send their men to attack and occupy their opposition. This resulted
with rival armies taking over land and taking the control over people whom resided there.

Soviet Union's Presence in Eastern Europe Essay
Soviet Union's Presence in Eastern Europe
This paper will introduce the development of Soviet internationalism alongside the development of
Soviet interests in Eastern Europe. It will be argued that the Soviet interests which developed out of
the Wars became fixed alongside the ideology behind internationalism. The legacy of Stalinism
influenced the development of Soviet policy toward Eastern Europe and Soviet internationalism and
the Cold war meant that the Soviet presence in Eastern Europe would persist until Gorbachev. The
Soviets could not consider withdrawing from Eastern Europe so long as they were governed by an
ideology which viewed the world as two distinct and opposing camps.
The ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Stalin's eyes turned toward Eastern Europe and through his dissolution of the Comintern he sought
to make 'unthreatening' appeals to a common Slavic identity. According to D'Encausse, "The may
15, 1943, decision" to dissolve the Comintern "which suggested a definitive retreat by the USSR to
within its own borders, in fact signified a more dynamic opening to the external world because it
was based upon a real and growing phenomenon, power" (D'Encausse, H, 1987, pg. 7). Soviet
intentions became clearer when the 'iron curtain' was realised at Yalta and at Potsdam. However,
Stalin did not wish to move the Soviet Union into Europe, he wished to isolate Eastern Europe
outside of Western influence and under the control of the Soviet powers based in Moscow.
Stalin's aims in Eastern Europe epitomise Soviet aims because of the fact that his policies set the
tone for Soviet policy toward Eastern Europe and his policies were still influencing Soviet Society
when Gorbachev came to power. His alienation of Eastern Europe from the West was both
ideological and practical in nature. Stalin wished to undermine Slavic western sentiments and
construct and autarkic socialist regime governed from Moscow. The shift in the traditional site of
socialist power away from Germany was accompanied by a manipulation of the theoretical

What Role Did Nationalism Play In The Evolution Of Eastern...
Nationalism and its varying forms played a major role in the evolution of Eastern Europe, as it
transitioned from Ottoman rule to autonomy. As time progressed, nationalism evolved to take on
various roles. These roles included providing a nationality to rally under against the Ottoman
Empire, encouraging internal control and self–governing, and once again providing national
identities. In Eastern Europe from 1750 to the present era, Nationalism has taken on forms varying
from independence struggles to justifying anti–intervention groups, to once again fueling
independence, though the ethnic chafing in the area remained constant. In the late 18th century,
Eastern Europe was still under Ottoman control, though the once–giant's grip was loosening on the
region. Many of the Balkans, Serbia especially, held onto a national identity through the church. In
1804 through 1813 and in 1815 Serbia rebelled against the Ottomans and gained independence. This
created a surge of nationalism throughout the Balkans, and in 1912, after forming the Balkan
League; the Ottoman Empire was forced out of Europe. At this point, the now–free nations
established state religions based on the Eastern Orthodox, displacing the Muslim minority.
Nationalism created a rallying point for the ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
These groups resented the influence of stronger European Groups, and believed that they were fit to
govern themselves. One of these groups, the Black Hand, took it upon themselves to assassinate
Austro–Hungarian Archduke Ferdinand. This triggered a chain of events which started World War 1.
Nationalism now served less to provide a view of a country, and more to motivate extremists against
European benefactors, despite the change in targets, radical nationalists still fought larger countries
in the name of their own, taking radical measures towards their own idea of

The Inevitable Spread of Soviet-backed Communism in...
The Inevitable Spread of Soviet–backed Communism in Eastern Europe
At the end of World War II, the Soviet Union, Great Britain and the United States were principle
players involved with reshaping post–war Europe. The region most affected policy changes was
Eastern Europe, which includes those states that would eventually fall behind the Iron Curtain.
While the camaraderie between the Big Three deteriorated, Soviet–backed communism was
spreading across Eastern Europe. The argument during this time was that expansionism was
inevitable since Stalin had already decided to establish Soviet power and Soviet–typed systems in
the lands his army occupied; resistance was pointless. While nothing in history is inevitable, to a
great extent, ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Democracy never properly developed in Eastern Europe. The leaders and the elites of the newly
independent Eastern states believed that Western–styled constitutional governments would produce
Western–styled democracies that would be stable and prosperous, as well as effectively guarantee
their power against challengers. Democracy strangely benefited the old elites and extremists were
elected into government. The democratic roots planted in Western Europe were unable to take hold,
leaving Eastern Europe vulnerable to communism.
There were also political and economic structural weaknesses in Eastern Europe after 1945. The
communists had a high probability of successfully filling the void in the political structure. The
forces to resist them were no longer there, either because they were destroyed by World War II or
undermined by the outcome of post–war settlements. Those involved in the fledgling democratic
forces in Eastern Europe were systematically killed, deported or forced into exile, first by the
Germans, then by the communists, illustrating the weak democratic foundations of the region.
According to Schopflin, "In essence, Central and Eastern Europe was the scene of a power vacuum
and the communists proved to be the force best able to fill it" (60). In Czechoslovakia, for example,
the old elite lost prestige and self–confidence after the war, and the upper and middle classes were
repressed. In Yugoslavia, the war left a tradition of

Europe : Europe 's Eastern Boundary
Europe Chapter Questions
Chapter 1: Europe
Chapter 1A
Ariana Goin
1. Where is Europe's eastern boundary?
a. Europe's eastern boundary is between Russia and it numerous European neighbors to the west.
2. What types of raw materials spawned Europe's development?
a. rich soils, good fishing waters, wild animals that could be domesticated, and plentiful wood for
building, & mineral fuels and ores made industrialization possible.
3. What are the major characteristics of the Central Uplands?
a. Forms the heart of Europe
b. It was a resource–laden belt where Industrial Revolutions and cities emerged in the 19th century.
4. What are the major characteristics of the Alpine Mountains?
a. The Alps and their forming a high–mountain backbone
5. ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
9. What is a nation–state?
a. A political entity where the local state overlaps with the area settled by a certain ancient group of
people, seeing themselves to be a nation.
10. Is Europe an overall homogeneous regional unit?
a. Very few states today are so similar culturally that the culture is shared with the state. Europe's
prominent nation–states have developed into diverse societies, their nations defined more by a
"national spirit" and emotional commitment than by cultural or ethnic homogeneity.
11. What are centripetal and centrifugal forces?
a. Centripetal forces unify a state
b. Centrifugal forces are dis–unifying
12. What are Benelux and the EEC? Name the countries of the European Union.
a. Benelux was the economic association of Belgium, the Netherlands, and Luxembourg;
b. EEC (1958) was the European Economic Community, originally consisting of France, (then West)
Germany, Italy, and the Benelux nations (Belgium, the Netherlands, and Luxembourg).
c. The countries of the European Union today are France, the three Benelux countries, United
Kingdom, Cyprus, Germany, Sweden, Greece, Italy, Denmark, Ireland, Spain, Portugal, Finland,
Latvia, Austria, the Czech Republic, Estonia, Bulgaria, Hungary, Lithuania, Slovakia, Malta,
Poland, Slovenia, Romania.

13. What are the Four Motors of Europe?
a. The Four Motors for Europe are four industrialized regions in

Account for the “Failure of Democracy” in Eastern Europe...
Account for the "failure of democracy" in Eastern Europe (excluding the USSR) in the period 1918–
1939.
According to Robert A. Dahl, there are certain criteria that a government must meet for it to be
called a democracy. Democracy must provide first of all, opportunities for effective participation,
where all members of an association concerned with a certain policy 'must have equal and effective
opportunities for making their views known to the other members as to what the policy should be'
(Dahl R.A.: 2000). A second criterion is equality in voting, whereby 'every member must have an
equal and effective opportunity to vote, and all votes must be counted as equal', followed by gaining
enlightened understanding, meaning that each ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
The international political climate of these years is also a very important factor for the 'failure of
democracy'. Many crucial events took place in the years between 1918 and 1939 that helped the
development of undemocratic regimes. First of all, there were the Russian revolutions of February
and October 1917. The Russian Empire was replaced by a republic, governed by the Russian
parliament (Duma). In 1922 it became the USSR (Union of Soviet Socialist Republics), bringing out
a completely new type of government. The creation of USSR made the communist threat to the
world much bigger than it used to be, with Lenin's modification of Marx and Engels' theories aiming
to fit his own ambitions for a world ruled by the Communist party and the International. The
Western world felt threatened by the powerful Bolsheviks and from this fear sprang up a new
political ideology – Mussolini's fascism, which involved the creation of a single–party state, with a
strong leader who impersonated power and stability. In terms of ideology fascism rejects both
liberalism and Marxism for being class–dependent models and offers an economically trans–class
movement which is to put an end to class disputes. Their economical model opposes both the ideas
of capitalism and of socialism, presenting a mixture of both as the working combination. The
appearance of these two completely opposite

Commerce Differences Between Western And Eastern Europe
When comparing trade and commerce differences between Western and Eastern Europe, Islamic
items of worship such as The Sunnah, encouraged trade and commerce in Eastern Europe in the late
8th and 9th century. This led an increase in the Eastern European economy, thus leading to the
increased importation of Eastern goods into Western Europe. This increase in exotic goods
ultimately enhanced the wealth of Western Europe and boosted its economy. While Western Europe
improved economically, Northern Europe's economy deteriorated, causing Scandinavian men to turn
elsewhere for profit. Western Europe's swelling trade network ultimately attracted the Vikings to
pillage and raid their communities in order to increase their own wealth, and return it back to
Northern Europe. A major difference between Eastern European and Northern European attitude
towards trade and commerce was due the Viking's lack ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Their culture was unlike that of Western or Eastern Europe in how Scandinavia had no real
interaction with Rome. Because they did not base their society's rules off of Roman fundamentals,
Scandinavian culture and practices differed from Western and Eastern Europe. This difference in
culture was the reason behind why they did not share the same values regarding commerce with
others. The Vikings were aware of the changing trading situations between Western and Eastern
Europe because they did much of their trading along the Northern Arc, encompassing the Caspian,
Baltic, and North Seas, Russian Rivers, and the English Channel. The Vikings were also known to
go south and east to trade along the Southern Arc, the trade network surrounding the Mediterranean,
as well going as far as Constantinople and as east as Asia. Only until there was major economic
fallout in Scandinavia was when the Vikings turned to violence in order to create a

Eastern Europe During The Communist Regime
When most people think of eastern Europe during the communist regime, they do not think of a
professor from a small Illinois university. But that is exactly Elza Ibroscheva's background. She was
born in Burgas, Bulgaria, and is now a professor in the mass communications department at
Southern Illinois University Edwardsville. "I grew up in a very happy childhood, contrary to what
most people would believe because I also grew up during communism," she said. "I had a very
carefree, wonderful experience as a young girl in Bulgaria." Although she had a pleasant upbringing,
Ibroscheva said she does remember negatives of living under communism, such as travel
restrictions. She also said the situation after the Berlin Wall fell during her ... Show more content on
Helpwriting.net ...
"That university has been an example of why the American model of education is the one everybody
aspires to follow."
While an undergraduate, Ibroscheva wanted to continue her education. Her professors encouraged
her to attend graduate school. Eventually, she decided to attend Southern Illinois University
Carbondale, coming to the United States in 1997.
Originally, she planned to complete her graduate studies, then return to Bulgaria to work in the
media. Her plans changed as she became more interested in her work.
"I just got madly in love with the idea of research," she remembered. "I love writing. I love studying
the media. I also got the opportunity to be a teaching assistant, and I realized I was kind of enjoying
that part of my graduate experience."
Again, Ibroscheva's professors encouraged her to continue her education, which she did, earning a
doctorate degree from SIU Carbondale after she finished her master's program.
In 2003, she began working as an assistant professor at SIU Edwardsville. She began A.B.D., which
means all but dissertation. She finished her dissertation within the required time.
Ibroscheva, who primarily teaches a digital publishing and design class and a cultural media studies
course, said she loves the environment SIU Edwardsville has.
"It doesn't just feel like a workplace," she said. "It feels like you can come here and you can

The Epidemic Of Eastern Europe And Central Asia
THE HIV EPIDEMIC IN EASTERN EUROPE AND CENTRAL ASIA
I. Introduction:
While there is increasing evidence that HIV incidence is in decline among general populations
worldwide Eastern Europe and Central Asia are notable exceptions For example HIV infections
have increased 13% in the region since 2006 [2] .
A several factors contribute to these rising rates. [3]. First, the political transition in the early 1990s
led to substantial economic dislocations as well as an expansion of informal and criminal
economies. Second, a highly structured public health system rooted in the Soviet tradition has been
unable to effectively transition to meet post–Soviet challenges. Finally, there have been dramatic
increases in injection drug use (IDU), associated with an incease in opiate smuggling from the
Central Asian state of Afghanistan.
Initially the HIV epidemic in the region was driven by people who inject drugs (PWIDs). However,
while risk factor profiles vary substantially between countries of the region [7], surveillance data
suggest heterosexual transmission has now become the leading mode of HIV transmission in this
region.
Nonetheless, substance use remains an important driver of new infectoins. . Implementation of
known interventions to reduce transmission in IDUs has been impeded by challenges in scaling up
opioid substitution therapy (OST) as well as other harm reduction efforts such as needle exchange.
The use of OST is illegal in Russia and access to these

Cultural Changes In Eastern Europe
After World War II, Eastern Europe area was in ruins. Europe had been destroyed from years of
fights and bombing. Europe was in need of capital because their bridges, roads, and were
demolished. Also, Europe was divided into hostile alliance systems. Eastern Europe countries were
dominated by The USSR, which was Russia, where they had battled the Germans. These countries
included; Poland, Romania, Bulgaria, Albania, Hungary, and Czechoslovakia. The domination
which was governed by communist governments who had their own alliance called the Warsaw
Pact. Eastern Europe is a region that enclose numerous of ethnicities, languages, histories and
cultures. The most eastern part of Europe makes up Eastern Europe. The boundaries that are present
of Eastern Europe were developed during the final stages of World War II. Belarus, Bulgaria, Czech
Republic, Hungary, Moldova, Poland, Romania, Russia, Slovakia, and Ukraine were all the
European countries which were ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Russia separates Europe from Asia and puts both continents over a broad geographical area that
consumes many cultures, terrains, and climates. In Eastern Europe surrounded by Russia to the
northeast is Belarus. In East Central Europe is Czech Republic, which was combined with Slovakia,
and Hungary. In the north of the East and East Central European area is Poland. Southeastern–
Central Europe is Romania and Moldova which is north of the Balkan Peninsula and on the western
shore of the Black Sea. All of these Eastern European countries have one thing in common, which
they were all behind the Iron Curtain before its recession. Since of all Eastern Europe's countries are
in the same geographical region, they'll most likely have the same climate. Overall, Europe is in the
northern temperate climate zone. It is grouped in the cool–summer humid climate. Unlike southern
Europe, Four seasons occur in Eastern Europe; winter, spring, summer and

Eastern Europe Air Pollution Essay
Recently in Eastern Europe, there has been warnings about Western Europe bringing over the
unrestricted burning of high–sulfur brown coal and fumes from diesel fuel. This unwanted pollution
is blacking cities all throughout Eastern Europe and the Soviet Union. Dying forests and fish–less
lakes are being wrought away by these dangerous toxins. Some say that "Pollution is the price of
progress". Pollution is not progress, pollution is destroying Eastern Europe as well as the rest of the
Earth. We need to find a solution to this problem, and quick!
In Poland, reports have found that in the city of Olkusz, Olkusz has the highest levels of lead and
cadmium in the soil in the world! Now, acid rain has struck a mountain range that borders Eastern
Germany and Czechoslovakia. The acid rain has destroyed some of the mountains landscape leaving
a blanket of dead trees. The "Black Triangle" is an industrialized area that includes Poland,
Germany, and the Czech Republic. The ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Studies show that Eastern Europe has the worst air pollution. The health of the people and the
environment are being put at risk when air pollution increases. Most of the pollution is developed in
big cities or towns where many people live. For Example, Poland, Germany, and the Czech
Republic. Why? Because when the community in large cities grow, more bad toxins are being
released in the air. Everyone need transportation. Most people travel by driving a vehicle. When
more vehicles are being driven, more exhaust is being absorbed into the air. This is called a "Chain
Reaction".
I believe that there is a solution to stopping pollution for good in Eastern Europe. The problem is the
price of fixing it. The new technologies are extremely expensive. These technologies have been
great because we are able to afford them. I don't think that Eastern Europe will be getting any new
modern technology to lower pollution levels anytime soon, regardless of their needs for

Democratization Of Latin America And Eastern Europe
1. Despite the democratization movements in Latin America and Eastern Europe in 1980s and 90s,
Middle Eastern authoritarian regimes proved to be resilient. Despite the recent Arab Spring protests,
most Middle Eastern nations live under authoritarian regimes. How do these authoritarian regimes
survive for so long? What are the factors that contribute to their longevity?
Most Eastern European countries that were part of the Eastern bloc, after the fall of the Berlin Wall
began the transition process started by the changes in social system and started to connect into the
European Union. Although some of these states essentially have not changed, however, public
discourse is certainly different, the market has been liberalized, and states such as Romania and
Bulgaria are even members of the European Union.
In the Middle East the situation is totally different. Rulers of the dynasties, kings, in this part of the
world ruled for decades and there are no indications that the situation might change. Some of them
not even the Arab spring (which was simulated process of social change) has managed to waver.
This primarily refers to the rulers of Saudi Arabia, Qatar and the Emirates.
The question is what are the factors that influence both durable and firm power? The first reason is
certainly an authoritative stance that rulers occupy which is almost the dictatorship and sometimes
even exceeds borders of the dictatorship. We only have to remember the massacre in Hama, Syria in
1982.

Economic and Social System Comparisons
As World War II ended in approximately 1945 , Europe was split politically. As accounted by
Winston Churchill, the Prime Minister of Britain, the political division between Western Europe and
Eastern Europe was described as a "iron curtain". ( Orgsites, pg 1) This political division was caused
as Eastern Europe, ruled by the Soviets, was communist, while Western Europe was democratic, as
they were highly influenced by the United States. ( Bradley, pg 3) The democratic west joined the
United States of America's efforts in starting a commitment to remain peaceful and non–communist
in Western Europe. ( Kisatsky, pg 4) This had all taken part through the formation of the North
Atlantic Treaty Organization ( NATO) , in order to refrain from communism to spread across
Europe, thereby conquering Western European powers, eventually leading to the world. After 1945,
Western Europe and Eastern Europe experienced many differences and similarities in their social
and economic systems in the time period of 1945– 1955 in the means of social standing by
occupation as well as the economic effects on trade. Both Western Europe and Eastern Europe can
be compared in their social and economic systems, as well as the effects caused from the war, effects
on women, and on their economic recovery after the war. World War II had a significant impact on
Soviet Eastern Europe. The transitions faced by the Soviets throughout World War II was ruinous to
the capacities and productivity of the

Soviet Expansion Into Eastern Europe
Security has been disputed to be another driving factor, and possibly the main factor to the cause of
the cold war as it is interlinked both with ideology and the nuclear race. For instance, ideology and
security both influenced the same event, which in this case was the creation of the Eastern bloc.
(Heywood, 2014) stated that Soviet expansion into Eastern Europe was seen as "defensive rather
than aggressive", motivated essentially by a buffer zone desire. Security was an important factor
because the Soviets believed that by having the eastern bloc, they would be protected from Germany
as they had been invaded twice since 1917. Stalin wanted to ensure that future attacks will not
happen again. (Daddow, 2013) highlights how "states are primarily concerned with their own
survival and therefore prioritise military and security concerns". As a result this factor has great
importance because it highlights how misperceptions about the soviets desire to protect itself from
future invasion had led to several missed chances of peace. (Heywood, 2014) shows how the US
was concerned that the creation of a soviet–bloc was an expression of Russian imperial ambitions.
Robert Jervis in 'Security dilemma' states that "states can neither neglect the possibility that others
will become aggressive in the future nor credibly guarantee that they themselves remain peaceful".
He argued that although other motives such as 'greed, glory and honour' come into play, much of
international politics is

Kremlin's Report On Energy Security In Post-Soviet Eastern...
In 2007, the Helsinki Commission held a congressional hearing focusing on energy security in Post–
Soviet Eastern Europe. The hearing took place in the wake of the first major Ukrainian–Russian gas
dispute in 2006 that not only demonstrated the Kremlin's motives to use its energy resources, natural
gas in particular, as a weapon to meddle in its immediate neighbors' domestic affairs, but also show
the rest of Europe's, especially Central and Southeastern Europe's, extreme dependency on Russia's
energy supplies. Back then, experts and policy–makers focused and made recommendations
primarily on the enhancement of security of supply through the construction of new energy
infrastructure, namely pipelines, which would allow the diversification ... Show more content on
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The most important Kremlin–sponsored projects have been the planned Nord Stream 2 and
TurkStream pipelines which both intend to carry gas to EU countries by circumventing Russia's
immediate post–Soviet neighbors.
According to Doran, the Kremlin's motive is clearly to end the role that Ukraine, and to a lesser
extent Moldova, currently plays in the transit of gas to the EU through the Brotherhood and the
Trans–Balkan pipelines. The success of Nord Stream 2 could potentially result in the loss of billions
of dollars in transit revenues for Ukraine and Moldova, as well as diminishing their geopolitical
importance for Europe, while subsequently enabling Russia to reassert its old influence over them
by exploiting their diminished energy security.
As a result of massive infrastructure projects promoted by the EU to develop reverse flow capacities
on existing pipelines and create new interconnections, Ukraine is now capable of purchasing gas
from a Western direction and, for the first time, since November 2015 has ceased buying gas
contractually from Russia altogether. New pipeline infrastructure projects, namely the planned
expansion of the Iaşi–Ungheni pipeline, as Lyndon Allin, Associate at Baker Mackenzie, pointed out
at the same briefing, might enable Moldova in the medium–run as well to reduce its

Eastern Europe Essay
Eastern Europe's geography allowed and encouraged many diverse people to easily conquer its land.
The history of Eastern Europe has been marked by migration, foreign conquest, war and revolution.
The region is home to a mix of diverse people who have often battled with each other and many
foreigners
As a buffer and crossroads, Eastern Europe reaches from Central Europe to Russia. Also, it reaches
from the Baltic Sea and through the Balkan Peninsula. Much of the region lies on the European
plain . Its main rivers, the Danube and the Vistula allowed goods and cultural influences to travel
along river routes. This led to the Balkans in the south feeling the impact of the Byzantine empire
and the Muslim Ottoman empire. Because of the ease of its accessibility, Eastern Europe was the
perfect target for neighboring groups of people, whether they were peaceful or looking to take over.
During the Middle Ages, the Slavs spread out from present–day Belarus into ... Show more content
on Helpwriting.net ...
Prince Boleslaw of Cracow issued a charter to protect the liberties of Jews. In response, Jewish
villages were common in Poland. Religious influences and people were spreading at a rapid rate.
This caused many kingdoms to develop that would battle for power in the near future. Roman
Catholic missionaries converted many West Slavs in Poland in the 900s. The first Polish king was
crowned, but to survive, Poland frequently had to battle Germans, Russians, and Mongols. Queen
Jadwiga and Duke Wladyslaw Jagiello of Lithuania's marriage began Poland's greatest age.
However, political power in Poland shifted to the nobles because of liberum veto or "free veto" in
which the vote of a single nobel could block the passage of a law. Because of their lack of a strong
central government, Poland–lithuania declined. Because Poland did not take strong stand against
invaders they declined after a short–lived

Immigrants From The Southern And Eastern Europe
From the 1900s, the Progressive Era had new immigrants from the Southern and Eastern Europe.
Between the years of 1900 and 1930, one million immigrants who were Mexican migrated for
economic opportunities. It was near the year of the great depression which started in 1929. This led
the American dream for many immigrants who were looking for jobs and starting a new life.
According to Eric Foner " Voices of Freedom" , page 73, when sociologist Manuel Gamio managed
interviews of Mexican–American immigrants in Los Angeles. He decided to report about the
Santella family, one better off and "whiter" than most Mexican immigrants. The information he
obtained were from conversations and observing the family. This gave some idea on why American
freedom has inspired many immigrant families. The Santella family was a total of 9, Mr. Santella
and his wife and 5 boys and 2 girls. They lived in San Pedro street which was located in San
Antonio, Texas. It was the wealthiest class of the Mexican colony. It was considered the "high
society" which was made up of persons of the working class. After five years the family started to
talk English and the exceptions were from the Father and Mother. Manuel Gamio judgest the family
saying that they are white because of their grandparents ethnicity of the father were French and the
mother was Spaniards. Two of the sisters are blondes and the others are brunettes; the brothers are
dark. The father one day was tired of continuously

The Status of Women in the Work Force After the Fall of...
The Status of Women in the Work Force After the Fall of Communism in Eastern Europe
The fall of communism in Eastern Europe and the former Soviet Union marked the end of an era in
which official ideology and state policy often masked the reality of citizens' lives. This contradiction
was particularly acute for women, a group that the Soviet model of communism was intended to
emancipate (Basu, 1995; Bystydzienski, 1992; Corrin, 1992; Einhorn, 1993; Millarand and Wolchik,
1994; Nelson and Chowdhury, 1994; Rueshchemeyer, 1994). Under the guise of Marxist–Leninist
ideology, women were accorded an equal right to work and to participate in the building of
socialism. The Soviet model, which was imposed to a greater or lesser extent on all of ... Show more
content on Helpwriting.net ...
Women consequently suffered from feelings of exhaustion, guilt, and inadequacy towards their
children, not to mention low levels of career satisfaction.
Western scholars and observers hailed the transition toward democracy as a liberating force for
women living under communist rule. These changes, however, have not automatically brought an
expansion of rights and opportunities for women. In fact alarming trends emerging throughout the
post–communist region reveal that women stand to lose many of the rights to which they were
formerly accustomed. Women are not well represented in the new democratic political structures.
And, in demonstrating their opposition to Communist policies, new democratic leaders are passing
legislation which curtails reproductive rights and removes many of the social safety nets that women
and children have come to rely upon. At the same time, increasing unemployment has led
enterprises to "shed labor" and women have usually been the first to go (Commander and Coricelli,
1994; Corrin, 1992; Einhorn, 1993; Nelson and Chowdhury, 1994; Rueschemeyer, 1994; Scheppele,
1995; Slay, 1994).
The present research is concerned with this reevaluation of "woman as worker" in the post–
communist countries. Are some countries better able to maintain female participation in the work
force? Are women leaving the work force voluntarily or are they being pushed? And, what are the
determinants of the relative participation of women in the work

Soviet Influence In Eastern Europe: A Case Study
In my opinion, on should the Western Allies have acted to oppose Sovient domination of eastern
Europe. I do not think that Western Allies could have done anything to limit soviet influence in
Eastern Europe. the situation at the end of the WWII was such that the Soviets, who had given an
invaluable contribution in the defeat of the Reich, de facto occupied all Eastern Europe and any
attempt of take those lands away from their influence would have lead inevitably to a new war,
which was not sustainable for the countries involved in the massacre just terminated and was not
even justifiable in the eyes of the populations. At that time the Soviets were regarded as allies in the
West. as for Italy, well, as italian i always find the question "why"

The Similarities Between New Europe And Eastern European...
There are many similarities between the borders of the New Europe and Eastern European border
regions and the United States Mexican border. One of the biggest similarities is the difference in
income between the eastern and Western Europe. Much like many areas south of the United States
many migrated to the United States for better paying jobs and better living. Additionally, due to the
amount of violence south of the border with the drug cartels, gangs, and federal police, many
conscious of the violence which is all around many. While within Western Europe migration from
Eastern Europe is now due mostly to higher income. However, during the 1990's there was a large
migration from the Balkans due to civil war in the former Yugoslavia.

The Orthodox Tradition in Eastern Europe Essay
The Orthodox Tradition in Eastern Europe
After the 4th century when Constantinople emerged as a great capital and church center, tensions
sometimes arose between its leaders and the bishop of Rome. After the fall of Rome to Germanic
invaders in 476, the Roman pope was the only guardian of Christian universalism in the West. He
began more explicitly to attribute his dominance to Rome's being the burial place of Saint Peter,
whom Jesus had called the "rock" on which the church was to be built. The Eastern Christians
respected that tradition and recognized the Roman patriarch to a measure of honorable authority. But
they never believed that this authority allowed the papacy to overrule another church or that it made
the pope into a ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Soon both the Western church and Orthodox churches began to look upon one another as having
deviated from Christian truth.
Other issues also became controversial. The medieval Western church increasingly banned the
ordination of married men to the priesthood, customary in the Orthodox world. The Orthodox also
regarded the Western preference for unleavened bread in the Eucharist as an unlawful custom. The
two sides never reached any harmony because they followed different criteria of judgment: The
papacy considered itself the ultimate judge in matters of faith and discipline, whereas the East
invoked old tradition and the authority of councils, where the local churches spoke as equals.
It is often assumed that the anathemas (excommunications) exchanged in Constantinople in 1054
between the patriarch Michael Cerularius and papal legates marked the final schism. The schism,
however, actually took the form of a gradual estrangement, beginning well before 1054 and
culminating in the sack of Constantinople by Western Crusaders in 1204. This action introduced a
new element of political bitterness into East–West Christian relations.
In the late medieval period, several attempts were made at reunion between the Catholics and the
Orthodox, particularly at the councils of Lyons (1274) and Florence (1438–1439). They ended in
failure. The papal claims to ultimate supremacy could not be reconciled with the conciliar principle
of Orthodoxy, and

Eastern Europe: Similarities Between Africa And Europe
Places that seem so vastly different from one another can have way more things in common than
you think. Who would think that a Polish man would have so many things in common with a
Sudanese woman? Eastern Europe and Africa are seen by the world as two completely different
regions but actually share many similarities as well.
Both Africa and Europe are divided into regions by the United Nations in order to be able to classify
different parts of these vast continents. Eastern Europe is a term that refers to the countries of the
easternmost part of the European continent. The term is more cultural than it is strict in a
geographical sense. Russia is the largest country in Eastern Europe, although most of the landmass
of Russia is actually considered ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
It would seem like Europe has been a much more developed and unified country than Africa over
the years, but really in the past they were forced into communism and into a command economy.
Almost twenty years after the fall of communism, the governments of Eastern Europe are all trying
to transition away from a command economy and move toward capitalism. Many of these countries
are trying hard to establish stable democracies while also building a market system. To the people of
Africa, the traditions of their ancestors are still a very important part of daily life. Ghana was one of
the most powerful empires in Africa for hundreds of years. The kingdom used metals and had laws
and an economic system and, in fact, was more developed than other European countries at the time.
Modern Mali is a unique nation due to the blending of Islam and Black African traditions from the
Middle Ages. After years of domination by the French, Mali has also been influenced by those
European traditions as well. The Songhai is an ancient empire of western Africa found in present–
day Mali. Songhai society was traditionally highly structured.
Africa and Eastern Europe are two vastly different regions on Earth but they share many more
similarities than people would think. Both of these regions have exclusive geographical features that
help define them apart from the rest of the world.Although Europe is a bit more economically sound
than Africa, that wasn't always the case. This proves that there is more to the history of regions of
the world than meets the

Human Trafficking In Eastern Europe
Human trafficking is one of the most horrifying forms of organized crime and violation of human
rights in Europe. Trafficking diminishes and violates rights, therefore inciting corruption. It also
undermines international security and development and creates vast revenues for perpetrators. This
global situation has led to an increase in forced labor, where the victim 'accepts' their situation
because of the lack of choices and ways out of poverty. Human trafficking in Eastern European
countries has recently attracted the attention of authorities, activists and scholars around the world,
although it is a relatively stable and older issue. In the late 19th and early 20th centuries, increasing
globalization, accompanied by population increases,

The Fall Of Communism In Eastern Europe
"Should we talk about this as a revolution?" (Ash. p. 113). This question became an common
discussion of topic throughout the entire essence of the fall of Communism within the countries of
Eastern Europe. Though there were many small and large countries that saw Communism fall in the
later 1980s, journalist Timothy Ash informs of four specific revolutions that occurred in Warsaw,
Budapest, Berlin and Prague. Two specific ones that modern historians often recall are the
revolutions that occurred in Berlin and Prague in 1989. These two revolutions have not only made
lasting impressions upon the current economic and political status of within these countries, but they
have also shaped the way that historians think today about the aspects of ... Show more content on
Helpwriting.net ...
... Nothing in his life Became him like the leaving it" (Ash. p. 131) These words were not only
written on the headstone of the Cold War, but they also demonstrated that the Cold War, through the
revolutions within the countries of Eastern Europe, had officially been defeated. Communisms'
ideology was no–longer a issue within these countries whom were now democratically free. The
revolutions sparked a notion within the people of these countries that could never be attained. Ash
explains this theology well through his statement that proclaims, "The moment when people who for
years had been silenced could at last speak their minds; when people were free at last to travel, who
for years had been locked in. It was a moment of emancipation and liberation... They had waited as
long as everyone else in East Central Europe for this moment, and they had as much right to it as
anyone" (p. 77). Ash was exactly accurate that all were granted the right as any to be free from the
authoritarian theologies that had wounded a country in two. These revolutions that occurred,
especially within Berlin and Prague, demonstrated the goal for change that ultimately was attained.
Also, although these countries had to face repression and atrocities alone, they were however
influenced to act upon their own judgement through the U.S.A.'s both attacks and progress that were
demonstrated by prominent leaders. It is without these leaders, influence, and revolutions that not
only changed

How Has Eastern Europe Changed After Ww2
World War One and World War Two were very tragic wars that caused over 80.5 million deaths.
What occurred after the war was amazing. The essential question that is asked is," How has Eastern
Europe changed since World War Two?" Eastern Europe has changed since World War Two because,
Economy, Hitler, and because of government.
The first reason why Eastern Europe has changed is because of the economy. In 1999 after World
War Two Europe created the EU to help trading. This made it so they would be more trade because
at this time most countries were switching over to market economy. The also created the Euro.
Poland was taken over by the soviet union in World War One and forced into a command economy,
but later on became independent and switched over to a market economy. This was before Europe
had created the EU but poland wasn't the only one to switch over. Many others switched and that
might of been the influence to create the EU. Therefore that is the first way Eastern Europe has
changed since World War Two. ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
One of the reasons World War Two started was because Hitler promised more land. As you may
know Hitler is dead and his death was basically the end of the war besides the United states and
Russia. Hitler did capture a lot of land but we worked together to destroy him. The Holocaust was a
reason of World War Two. Hitler was the mastermind behind the Holocaust. He was forcing his
people and soldiers to be apart of it too. Once Hitler was dead his people were free from his reigns
and able to do good again. That is the second reason how Eastern Europe has changed since World
War

Fall Of Communism In Eastern Europe
Karl Marx came up with the idea of communism. Communism is a political system in which
everyone is equal, it is characterised by the absence of social class and money, and the state. The
main reason for the fall of communism (1989) in Eastern Europe would be due to its wide ethnicity,
and due to the people with in the countries not accepting one another. Eastern Europe is made of 21
countries, each having a different culture. Some of these countries are Bosnia and Herzegovina,
Russia, Poland, Slovakia, Slovenia, Bulgaria, Croatia, Albania, Kosovo, Ukraine and Serbia. Most
of these countries have a different language and religion. Bosnia is located in South–Eastern Europe,
and classified as an Islamic nation with having its own language (Bosnian). ... Show more content
on Helpwriting.net ...
If one was to be a communist they would not be able to practice religion. Communism is against
religion and its ways "Religion and communism are incompatible, both theoretically and
practically." Having Eastern Europe with that many religious groups made it impossible for them to
achieve communism. There was once an somewhat of well–established communist state in Eastern
Europe, it was not fully communistic due to most people seeing it as transitioning to a socialist
party. Yugoslavia was a communist state, it was around from 1945–1980. While Yugoslavia existed
most of its firms were co–operatively operated. The problem with Yugoslavia is that it lasted while
Tito (Communist leader) lasted, once Tito died so did Yugoslavia. Tito was sought as a great leader
one of the last great WWII leaders. It seems as he was only able to keep everything in place due to
his great ties with the west (United States of America), and the major support and love from the
civilians of Yugoslavia. Tito is seen as a great leader but he neglected to create strong ties with in the
united countries. He did not encourage students to study outside their republics. This had created a
week bond between the countries. Once he died it was obvious that there was going to be a split,
Tito might of have held the countries together but did not bring the people of different ethnicities
together. If Yugoslavia was not created because of the after math of WWII, but instead created due
to people wanting to create a better nation in which communism is a reality everything would be
different. When talking about the unification of Yugoslavia mostly

The Role and Rights of Women in Western Europe and Eastern...
During the long nineteenth century, political revolutions, industrialization, and European
imperialism resulted in dramatic changes in the role of women in Western Europe and Eastern Asia.
As industrialization spread in Western Europe, women were no longer able to fulfill their dual role
as a mother and a worker. After the introduction of industrialization, laborious tasks were moved
from the household to factories and women were forced to choose either the life of a mother or the
life of a worker. Women who chose to leave their households were subjected to harsh conditions,
low wages, and long hours. The majority of married and middle–class women were confined to the
home, and deprived of an education and civil rights. Unlike the ... Show more content on
Helpwriting.net ...
As industrialization spread in Western Europe, the production of products and goods moved from
the household to factories which drastically changed family life. Married women were unable to
work unless they left their children and home in someone else's care. Moreover, middle–class
women generally did not leave their homes in order to work. In contrast, the women of Eastern Asia
rapidly joined the work force after the introduction of industrialization and made up a gigantic
portion of the labor force. This difference is probably due to the fact that the rural women of Eastern
Asia were always laborers, and they make up the majority of the female population. Additionally,
European women generally preferred domestic labor to laborious tasks. Rural women were offered
independence by leaving their homes in order to perform domestic work; they generally sent their
earnings to their families or saved it for themselves. Moreover, the European women that
participated in the work force were forced to travel long distances and were separated from their
families from long hours. Additionally, their wages were significantly lower than that of their male
counterparts. Furthermore, women worked under poor conditions and were constantly susceptible to
disease. Similarly, the poor women of Eastern Asia sought employment in the cotton and silk
industry.

How Can High Levels of Corruption in Central and Eastern...
How can high levels of corruption in Central and Eastern Europe be explained? What impact does it
have on societies at large?
Corruption constitutes a significant part of politics in Eastern Europe to the extent that "talking
about corruption is the way post– communist public talks about politics, economy about past and
future" (Krastov, p 43). Transparency International defines corruption as "a misuse of public power
for the private gain at the expense of the public good". There are different types of corruption:
bureaucratic, political –administrative, political legislative and judicial corruption. (Ott, p 72).
Scholars introduced many potential explanations behind the astronomical levels of corruption in
Central and Eastern Europe. In ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
(Miller, p283). This theory suggests that habits inherited from a communist past don't influence
current norms. However this is disputable , since according to survey 82 percent of Czechs
considered corruption to be the most serious problem in their society in 1996 and almost half of the
population believed corruption is permanent part of country's culture (Zuzowski p 138 ).
Another explanation of high corruption clarifies may give an insight as to why the levels vary
throughout the region. Looking at the history of countries before the communist take overs and the
character of those takeovers may provide an alternative explanation. As demonstrated by Holmes,
Eastern Europe was under influence of various empires with different cultures before USSR's
capture, for example Romania was under Ottoman Empire, while Hungary was under Austrian
influence. Empirical evidence seconds this opinion: firms stating bribery as frequent in Romania is
15%, while Hungary 8 % (BEEPS, 2008). Another factor that explains difference in corruption
tolerance is the "urbanization and economic development"(Holmes, p 160), which also refers to
difference in mentalities. For instance, in the Baltics states, tolerance to corruption was lower and in
Georgia because Baltics were more developed "resulting in different attitudes towards

The Revolutionary Change Of Eastern Europe
The revolutionary change of Eastern Europe as a result of the Work of Mikhail Gorbachev
Jakub Stopa
History 349–01
12/4/2015
Throughout years of self proclaimed domination spanning from the time after the second world war,
The Soviet Union entered the final stage of its' existence after the election of Mikhail Gorbachev as
General Secretary of the Communist Party in 1985. The election of the new Soviet leader would be
the catalyst for change not only in the crumbling Soviet Union, but also in the rest of rebellious
Eastern Europe. It was the beginning of a new era and there was no more glorious revolution that
occurred under Lenin or harsh dictatorship that was harbored by Stalin. Mikhail Gorbachev ... Show
more content on Helpwriting.net ...
This attitude showed as Gorbachev rose through the ranks of the Politburo about 25 years younger
than most of the other politicians. He was vibrant, young, personable and always smiling which
resembled characteristics of a western politician. In light of this Gorbachev still believed he was the
savior for the country and the communist system that he still believed in. According to Victor
Sebestyen, "Mikhail Gorbachev was a communist through and through. He did not seem then like
the man who would do more than anybody else to destroy communism", signifying that Gorbachev
was not distancing himself from the communist label that was bestowed upon the Soviet Union.
Simply put, Gorbachev wanted to challenge the interpretation of communism as a system because
he believed that the state of the Soviet Union did not reflect a true communist state in accordance
with Marx, which would inturn have an affect on Soviet relations with the west. The internal matters
of the Soviet Union have always played a large part in the way the Soviet government approached
foreign relations. For example, the dwindling Soviet economy created a problem for the Soviet
bureaucracy when it came to the governing of states like Poland, Czechoslovakia and Hungary who
were indirectly part of the empire. Although there were many causes for the decline of the Soviet
Economy, foreign relations with other states within the Warsaw Pact proved to be a significant
cause. The expansionist policies put in place

The Spread of Soviet-Backed Communism Across Eastern...
The Spread of Soviet–Backed Communism Across Eastern Europe after 1945
In seeking to provide an answer to the question, "Was the spread of
Soviet–backed communism inevitable across Eastern Europe after 1945?," I would like to point to
the words of a contemporary specialist. At the end of
World War II, R. R. Betts, the Masaryk Professor of Central European History at London University,
asserted that much of the "revolution in central and eastern Europe" is "native and due to the efforts
of the peoples and their own leaders . . . [making it] "clear that even if the Soviet Union had not
been so near and so powerful, revolutionary changes would have come at the end of so destructive
and subversive a war as that which ended ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Yet there are many such cases within the purview of this question. However, I do not completely
disagree with the thesis of inevitability of Soviet–backed communism or at least some form of
authoritarianism. Thus, in the first section of this paper, I will air much of the support for that
assertion and conclude that it was highly likely
Soviet–backed communism would eventually accomplish what it did. However, in a second section,
I will argue that this outcome was hardly a fait accompli in 1945. Neither the subtleties of Eastern
Europe's possible economic relations with the West in the form of the Marshall plan nor the lack of
uniformity of the processes by which different states became Soviet satellites bear out the thesis of
inevitability.
The main strands of the argument for the inevitability of both authoritarianism and Soviet–backed
communism follow: The liberal democracies established in Eastern Europe after World War I were
enfeebled by many factors, so much so that by the beginning of World War II, authoritarianism was
already the norm. Thus, the post–war step to further authoritarianism was not very large. The
Wilsonian attempt at creating nations "produced conditions hardly less destabilizing than those that
had characterized the pre–1914 period," chiefly because of the sheer number of different ethnicities
with the "vehement desire . . . to secure revision of the post–war settlement" (Lewis 28, 30). The

The And Collective Anti Semitic Violence
Collective acts of violence during the late nineteenth century and early twentieth century became
more prominent and apparent since the Civilizing Process meant that violence was no longer an
inherent part of everyday life. Ideology, namely, 'a historically rooted, descriptive and normative
mental map of both the way the world works and the way the world should work' , played a
prominent role in influencing collective violence. This essay will focus primarily on pogroms and
collective anti–Semitic violence in order to gain a more in depth understanding of collective
violence. Anti–Semitism works particularly well to understand collective violence since it occurred
throughout Europe, without being specific to one particular country or ... Show more content on
Helpwriting.net ...
One of the main reasons for anti–Semitic collective violence was the fear of the outsider. Jews as the
minority group were often seen as a threat to nationality, and attacking them became a symbolic way
of strengthening patriotism during times of political upheaval. In Eastern Europe, the onset of the
Russian Revolution meant that anything that was deemed un–Russian was perceived as a threat.
When examining the 1905 pogrom in Odessa it becomes clear that the political developments during
1905 created a polarization of political opinions . The course of actions leading to the pogrom, with
riots and demonstrations either for or against the Tsarist regime created tension, eventually leading
to the pogrom. Jewish resentment began with the belief that they were not contributing to the
Russo–Japanese war, and was strengthened by blaming Jews for being responsible for the cities'
disorders. It is clear that political unrest felt before the Russian Revolution worked as a trigger for
attacking a group that was ideologically deemed an outsider and a threat. The Lwów pogrom of
1918 similarly had elements of political polarity that acted as an immediate cause of the pogrom .
With the end of the First World War, the communist revolution and the battle for independence
between the Ukrainians and the Poles, all cultural and ethnic outsiders immediately became
perceived as enemies . Jewish neutrality

Fall Of Communism In Eastern Europe
The Fall of Communism in Eastern Europe Many political beliefs exist. Everyone has the right to
chose what to believe in, what ideas to have, what to seek and how to achieve his goals. Political
science is not very defined and strict. Specific rules saying that if one believes in a certain idea he
should join a certain party do not exist. Certain things match certain group of people and other
things this group of people would not accept. The same principle can be applied for countries.
Communism appears to be successful for China, but it failed for Eastern European countries. It is
very important the proper way of government to be found and used by the government of a country.
The failure of the government can lead to failure in ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Karl Marx is the most famous theoretician of communism. Johnson acknowledges Marx's most
famous quote: "From each according to his ability; to each according to his need" which is a thought
that within itself includes the basic idea of communism. Professor Johnson explains that the deeper
deliberation of the concept is that everyone is expected to co–operate in the process of production.
The individual citizen's equal rights of access to consumer goods though would be completely
unaffected by his own individual contribution to production. (Johnson) It was expected of people to
stop thinking about money and how much they get, how much they can spend and how to get more.
Furthermore they had to stop thinking about profit, contracts, banking, loans, insurance etc. The
communist leaders thought that would eliminate all the major social problems such as class conflict,
political oppression, racial discrimination, inequality of sexes, religious prejudice, and cultural
backwardness. They believed it would also put an end to more such "psychological" forms of
suffering as isolation and feelings of powerlessness. Johnson claims that the specific type of
communism that occurred in Easter Europe was the Marxist–Leninist variant of socialism where
people believed that a truly communist society can be achieved only through the powerful
overthrow of capitalism and the establishment of a "dictatorship of the proletariat". They thought
that

The Collapse Of Communism In Eastern Europe
The collapse of the communist Soviet Union ultimately led to the end of the cold war. The
dissolution of the USSR in 1991 left the United States as the sole superpower. Thus highlighting the
inferiority of communism and the superiority of western capitalism. The collapse of communism in
Eastern Europe, however, was a result of both domestic and international factors including policies
established by both the US and the Soviet leaders, most importantly Gorbachev's 'New Thinking'
reforms combined with the hard–line approach of Ronald Reagan. It has also been argued that the
collapse of communism in eastern Europe was inevitable due to its moral bankruptcy, as well as the
growing economic pressures which ultimately forced the Soviet Union to ... Show more content on
Helpwriting.net ...
Which quickly led to the dissolution of the Soviet bloc. But more importantly, these reforms
contributed to the spread of nationalist oppositional groups which further weakened the Soviet
Union. As a result, Gorbachev's reforms undermined both communism and the Soviet Bloc leading
to its rapid demise, contrary to his intentions. Consequently, hard–liners within the communist party
attempted to stage a coup against Gorbachev in order to reassert their control over Eastern Europe.
This coup, failed resulting in the Baltic states' demands for independence. By December 1991, all 15
republics had declared their independence and subsequently, the Soviet Union seized to exist.
It could be argued that the collapse of the Eastern bloc was inevitable due to the moral bankruptcy
of communism. The communist ideology stresses the equality and necessity of protecting the
working class. Yet, the corruption of the communist party was increasingly apparent. Thus, it could
be argued that the inherent failures of the communist system itself contributed to collapse of
communism in Eastern Europe. Moreover, this moral bankruptcy resulted in an alienated population.
The lack of competition in industry and lack of incentives resulted in low productivity which
contributed to the worsening of the Soviets' economic system. Additionally, due to the quotas
enforced by the government, it was not uncommon for managers to lie about the quantity of their
production. The fact that there was little

Eastern Europe Research Paper
Add Eastern Europe to your Holiday travel list
Eastern Europe is a region of treasure–filled resources and a rich history that dates back to many
centuries. The enthusiasm for a new lifestyle in the post–Communist era has found a new reflection
with a reconnection of music and arts festivals. Today, this region of Europe is celebrating their
culture with a new identity, eagerly welcoming visitors from all parts of the world. Traveling around
Eastern Europe can be a gratifying experience for those searching to learn more insight into the most
important moments in the region's history. It can also be the ideal place to leave your worries behind
while absorbing the mystical landscape as well as the genuine hospitality of a region slowly
beginning ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
A number of these countries became staging grounds for many of the forces that would continue
throughout the Cold War period. Today, visitors can experience these testimonials by exploring
many of these battlegrounds, prisoner camps, and deserted Soviet bunkers.
An adventure for the ages
Eastern Europe showcases a number of the fastest growing cities as well as some of the most
dynamic nightlife found on the European continent. Prague, Vienna, and Belgrade offer a unique
mix of enduring history as well as Eastern Europe's obsession and determination to fit into a
modernized society. The region features a number of excellent winter ski resorts, especially in the
northern part and also in close proximity to the Balkan Peninsula. During the summer months, a
number of art festivals; most noteworthy are the film festivals presented in Warsaw and Vienna.
Vacationers traveling to Eastern Europe have the opportunity to participate in the growing
celebration of life and nationalism. This is another way to get away from the western crowds while
discovering the magic of traveling through this historical fantasy

Women's Rights In Eastern Europe
Women's rights have been an issue in every country. I'm wondering how women are treated in
Eastern Europe specifically. Is it the same as it is in the U.S.A? Is it worse; or could it be better?
"The position of women in the region significantly varies from women in developing and developed
countries. Women in the region enjoy relatively good standards of education as the region has
attained high levels of education overall." (Nowika "Women in the Region") Obviously in Eastern
Europe they are allowed to go to school, have nice jobs, etc. The only thing that really upsets me
and many other people is the wages. This problem is a problem everywhere. Women get subordinate
wages compared to men's wages. "Women in the region are underrepresented

Central and Eastern Europe Environmental Issues
Abstract Eastern Europe's environmental problems are not as simple as they may seem on the
surface. The environmental problems that face Eastern Europe are complicated by political,
economic, and social implications. The current environmental problems are a bi–product of rapid
industrial expansion under a socialist government. The soviet government was more concerned with
surpassing the western cultures in technology and military might than the environmental damage
they were doing to their country. The following paragraphs will address the current environmental
problems facing Eastern Europe, the various solutions to the environmental problems, and the
efforts taken to correct the environmental problems.
Environmental Problems in ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
The good news is that there are viable solutions to the environmental problems that the Eastern
Europe countries are having.
Viable Environmental Solutions The environmental problems that face Central and Eastern Europe
are much the same as any other country in the world with one exception, the proximity of the
environmental hazards. Most countries in the world deal with environmental hazards, but the
hazards are spread out over different parts of the country. Central and Eastern Europe are unique
when it comes to environmental disasters because Central and Eastern Europe was the industrial
might behind the soviet military. For every environmental disaster Central and Eastern Europe faces,
there is a viable solution thanks to modern technology and proven environmental regulations.
Possible environmental solutions Because of the vast environmental disasters throughout Central
and Eastern Europe there are several possible environmental solutions. The possible environmental
solutions that Central and Eastern Europe are considering will be decided by the cost of the solution,
ease of implementation, and consultation from environmental agencies such as the United States
Environmental Agency. Even with the various economic, governmental agency communication
problems, and various ecological disasters Central and Eastern Europe have a number of viable
solutions.
Air Pollution Solutions One of the

Political Differences Between Eastern And Western Europe
Before period 3 came the fall of many great empires across the world. Han China and Gupta India
were falling to invaders and revolts. However, one of the most important downfalls of an empire in
the classical period was the fall of the Roman Empire. Due to many contributing factors, Rome
broke apart towards the end of period 2 and changed the entirety of Europe and the Middle East.
This fall more importantly increased the divide between Eastern and Western Europe. After the fall
of Rome, the administrations of Western and Eastern Europe showed more drastic differences in
both centralization and religion. However, even with this major differences they still shared the
same ambitions and values. One of the primary differences between Eastern and Western Europe in
period 3 is their respective governments or more specifically the centralization of them. The major
nation in the East was the Byzantines. They are known for being extremely centralized and having a
very large bureaucracy. While on the other hand, Western Europe was split into many smaller areas
and states, each having very loose organization. The paramount example of a noncentralized Europe
is the governing system. This system was feudalism, a political system that spreads power and
control amongst lords and their vassals. While the king has a lot of power, feudalism does not allow
for a heavily centralized government. With the Byzantines it is almost the opposite. Most of the
power was given to the emperor. The

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