سمنار قدمه طلاب الطب بكليات الفاربي ضمن مقرر الأخلاقيات الطبية

1. Alfarabi Colleges
College Of Medicine
Medical Ethics &
Professionalism
MEP-Seminar

2. GENDER SELECTION

3. A couple that had eight girls in successive pregnancies desperately wished for a
boy. They decided to try IVF with selection of male gametes. The obstetricians
refused because there was no medical indication, since the couple had no
problem in conceiving.
 The desire to have children of a particular gender is a very
human one. Some parents attempt to influence the gender of
their baby, but some of the methods used give rise to ethical
problems.

5.  Definition.
 Who preference for sex of child?
 Ethical aspects.
 ethical concern.
 Islamic ruling and religion aspects.
 Legality of sex selection in some countries.

6. An antenatal procedure to select a fetus with the desired
gender. It’s done with:
o IVF/PGD technique.
o After ovarian stimulation, multiple eggs are removed from the mother. The eggs are
fertilized in the laboratory using the father's sperm in a technique called in vitro
fertilization.

7.  In many cultures, male offspring are desired in order to inherit property, carry on
the family name and to provide support for parents in old age.
 In countries such as India, China and Nepal sons have been favored over daughters.

8.  Ethical issues are always considered in sex selection. In fact selecting the gender of a
child before birth is controversial, because as it is pointed out in human rights, racial
preference is strongly prohibited, so can be gender preference considered an approved
decision, as it is in favor of a gender over another, while diminishing the opposite sex's
value in society.
 Sex selection is often discussed seriously and always a question arises that whether use
of modern technologies in fertility for selecting the gender of future child is ethical or
not? Those who believe in this issue, usually consider this issue as disobedience of God,
and therefore interfering in natural process of reproduction.

9.  Perspectives and different ideas are about ethic in sex selection techniques like
PGD. PGD aims to reassure and allay concerns about reproductive risk couples.
Countries and different religions have different attitudes about PGD:
 Christians and the Catholic Church forbid sex determination of embryos, even for
applications medicine. Christians know PGD eugenics. In Catholic theology,
practical use of stem cells is considered bad and evil.
 In Jewish law, Halacha, if there is no other way for a pregnant woman
Therapeutic insemination with husband's sperm is allowed.

10. o Raised in the high-tech sex selection considerable controversy worldwide.
Some experts believe it is a great way to achieve a balance between families,
while others see that we are on a slippery slope.
o There is a moral debate about the unwanted embryos rights and fears that
the widespread use of methods of sex selection may cause a deviation in the
sex ratio in the general population.

11. o A public consultation was conducted in the United Kingdom on sex selection
and found that the vast majority of people (80%) do not support the use of
such technology for non-medical reasons.
o However, there is no doubt that the use of such techniques for medical
purposes example of sex-linked genetic diseases indisputable legitimacy and
human need to be applied here.

13. {َ‫ل‬‫ا‬‫ي‬ِ‫ف‬ ‫ا‬َ‫م‬ ُ‫م‬َ‫ل‬ْ‫ع‬َ‫ي‬َ‫و‬ َ‫ث‬ْ‫ي‬َ‫غ‬ْ‫ل‬‫ا‬ُ‫ل‬ِ‫ز‬َ‫ن‬ُ‫ي‬َ‫و‬ ِ‫ة‬َ‫اع‬َّ‫الس‬ُ‫م‬ْ‫ل‬ِ‫ع‬ ُ‫ه‬َ‫ند‬ِ‫ع‬ََّ‫اَّلل‬َّ‫ن‬ِ‫إ‬ِ‫س‬ْ‫ك‬َ‫ت‬ ‫ا‬َ‫اذ‬َّ‫م‬ ٌ‫س‬ْ‫ف‬َ‫ن‬ ‫ي‬ِ‫ر‬ْ‫د‬َ‫ت‬ ‫ا‬َ‫م‬َ‫و‬ ِ‫م‬‫ا‬َ‫ح‬ْ‫ر‬َ‫م‬َ‫و‬ً‫ا‬‫د‬َ‫غ‬ ُ‫ب‬ِ‫أَي‬ِ‫ب‬ ٌ‫س‬ْ‫ف‬َ‫ن‬ ‫ي‬ِ‫ر‬ْ‫د‬َ‫ت‬ ‫ا‬
ٌ‫ير‬ِ‫ب‬َ‫خ‬ٌ‫يم‬ِ‫ل‬َ‫ع‬ََّ‫اَّلل‬َّ‫ن‬ِ‫إ‬ ُ‫وت‬ُ‫م‬َ‫ت‬ ٍ‫ض‬ْ‫أَر‬}[‫لقمان‬:34]
((َِِّ‫َّلل‬ِ‫ض‬ْ‫َر‬ْ‫ال‬َ‫و‬ ِ‫ات‬َ‫او‬َ‫م‬َّ‫الس‬ ُ‫ك‬ْ‫ل‬ُ‫م‬ُۚ‫اء‬َ‫ش‬َ‫ي‬ ‫ا‬َ‫م‬ ُ‫ق‬ُ‫ل‬ْ‫خ‬َ‫ي‬َۚ‫ي‬ ْ‫ن‬َ‫م‬ِ‫ل‬ ُ‫ب‬َ‫ه‬َ‫ي‬ُ‫اء‬َ‫ش‬َ‫ي‬ ْ‫ن‬َ‫م‬ِ‫ل‬ ُ‫ب‬َ‫ه‬َ‫ي‬َ‫و‬ ‫ا‬ً‫اث‬َ‫ن‬ِ‫إ‬ُ‫اء‬َ‫ش‬َ‫ور‬ُ‫ك‬ُّ‫ذ‬‫ال‬))‫سورة‬‫ايه‬‫الشورى‬
48
‫ليال‬‫ق‬ ‫إال‬‫العلم‬‫من‬ ‫أوتيتم‬‫وما‬ ‫ربي‬ ‫أمر‬‫من‬ ‫الروح‬‫ل‬‫ق‬ ‫الروح‬‫عن‬ ‫ويسألونك‬))

14. THE PROPHET MOHAMMED SAID THE MAN WATER WHITE AND WATER FEMALE
YELLOW IF THEY MET AND THE MAN SPERM BECOME MORE THEN WOMEN HE
THEY WILL GET BOY IF ITOPPOSITE THEY WILL GET GIRL
‫وسلم‬ ‫عليه‬ ‫هللا‬ ‫صلى‬ ‫ال‬‫فق‬:«‫الم‬‫مني‬ ‫الرجل‬‫مني‬ ‫فعال‬ ،‫اجتمعا‬‫إذا‬‫ف‬ ،‫أصفر‬‫المرأة‬‫وماء‬ ،‫أبيض‬‫الرجل‬‫ماء‬‫بإذن‬ ‫أذكرا‬ ،‫رأة‬
،‫الرجل‬‫مني‬ ‫المرأة‬‫مني‬ ‫عال‬ ‫وإذا‬ ،‫هللا‬‫آنثا‬‫هللا‬ ‫بإذن‬».
*FROM THIS NO PROBLEM IN SIX SELECTION*
BECAUSE IF IT IS NOT PERMISSIBLE HE DID NOT TELL THEM

15. There are two views :
 some of them say permissible provided that knowing that god willing and
god forbid it and spend
 and others say it dpends on the need and the most accurate view of the
need
WITH NO HATE TO WHAT COMES

16. Islam, allows PGD is allowed for every x linked condition in which
ovum and sperm are from husband and wife, and doesn’t help for
transgenic humans, and treatment of x-linked disease is permitted
in Islam with help of PGD which is preemptive in many cases.

17.  Sex selection is legal in most of the world. There is fertility tourism from the United Kingdom,
Australia and Canada to the United States for sex selection, because preimplantation genetic
diagnosis (PGD, a potential expansion of IVF
 Sex selection is illegal in China, but the Chinese government admits that the practice is
widespread, especially in rural areas of China and among lawless groups such as ghettoized
migrant workers in cities.
 Sex selection is illegal in India. Prenatal determination of sex through ultrasound is also illegal
in India. These laws are instituted to combat the prevalent practice of sex-selective abortion.
However, these laws have generally failed to be effective in rural areas and, despite education
efforts, sex-selective abortion continues to be widely practiced there

18. Edgar Dahl & Julian Savulescu
 in its recent statement 'Sex Selection and Preimplantation Genetic Diagnosis', the Ethics
Committee of the American Society of Reproductive Medicine concluded that
preimplantation genetic diagnosis for sex selection for non-medical reasons should be
discouraged because it poses a risk of unwarranted gender bias, social harm, and results in
the diversion of medical resources from genuine medical need. We critically examine the
arguments presented against sex selection using preimplantation genetic diagnosis. We
argue that sex selection should be available, at least within privately funded health care

19.  Edgar Dahl
 The majority of German specialists in
reproductive medicine opposes preimplantation
sex selection for nonmedical reasons while
recommending preimplantation sex selection for
medical reasons, e.g. X-linked diseases like
haemophilia.

20. CHINA: Law on Maternal and Infant Health
Care, 1994
 This Law is formulated in accordance with
the Constitution with a view to ensuring the
health of mothers and infants and improving
the quality of the newborn population.
Country Policy1
Austria prohibited
New Zealand Prohibited
South Korea Prohibited
Canada social uses prohibited
China social uses prohibited
Finland social uses prohibited
Hungary social uses prohibited
Croatia social uses prohibited
Italy social uses prohibited

21.  https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4456876/ ,
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/
 Professionalism and Ethics Handbook for Residents, page 203-209.
 https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sex_selection
 http://philpapers.org/rec/CAMCDW-2
 http://geneticsandsociety.org/downloads/200904_sex_selection_memo.pdf
 http://www.unescap.org/esid/psis/population/database/poplaws/law_china/c
h_rec

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