This project includes two parts 1. Sprinkler System Design 2. CO2 Total Flooding System Design In sprinkler system design first given plan were studied and its area divided on the basic of hazardous classification of building as per NBC Part- 4 and number of sprinklers required in area were calculated. Then pressure and flow rate of water at externa inlet valve were calculated. Number of hangers, range pipe and distribution pipes were calculated. In CO2 Total Flooding System Design number of co2 cylinder required for the given compartment for total flooding system were calculated. Gaurav Singh Rajput I gauravsinghrajput I gauravkrsrajput

1. Design of Sprinkler System and CO2 Total Flooding
System of Given Plan
Gaurav Singh Rajput
B. Tech Safety & Fire Engineering, CUSAT
Assistant Manager- HSEF, at NAYARA ENERGY LTD
DEPARTMENT OF SAFETY AND FIRE & ENGINEERING
SCHOOL OF ENGINEERING, CUSAT.
NOVEMBER 2017

2. 2
INDEX
1. Introduction …3
2. Sprinkler system design …5
3. CO2 Total flooding system design …9
4. Reference …13

3. 3
This project includes two parts
1. Sprinkler System Design
2. CO2 Total Flooding System Design
In sprinkler system design first given plan were studied and its area divided on the
basic of hazardous classification of building as per NBC Part- 4 and number of
sprinklers required in area were calculated. Then pressure and flow rate of water at
externa inlet valve were calculated. Number of hangers, range pipe and distribution
pipes were calculated.
In CO2 Total Flooding System Design number of co2 cylinder required for the given
compartment for total flooding system were calculated.

4. 4
SPRINKLER SYSTEM DESIGN
Civil Station

5. 5
Occupancy type - Group E, Business building
Area of compartment = 141.9 m2
Hazard classification - Moderate hazard
Sprinkler type - standard
Maximum spacing of sprinklers along range pipe and between adjustment rows
For standard (sand D) - 4.0m
Minimum spacing of sprinklers - 2m
Distance between sprinklers and boundary
For standard spacing = 0.5s
Distance between range pipe and boundary - 0.5D
Maximum area of coverage of a sprinkler
Amax = 2m
Range pipes are to be laid parallel to the side of compartment
For standard spacing layout =6.6/4 =1.65
= 2(say)
Spacing of range required = 6.6/2 =3.3m
Providing a spacing of 3.6 m (D) with outer range pipes at 1.5m away from the wall
(<0.5D) now,
No of sprinklers along the range pipe = 21.5/4 =5.375 = 6(Say)
Spacing of sprinklers along range pipe =21.5/6 =3.58 m
Maximum spacing of sprinklers along the range pipe considering the average of
single sprinklers =12/3.6= 3.33m

6. 6
So,
Proving a spacing of 3.2m (S) with extreme sprinkler at 1.5m away from the side wall
(<0.5 s)
So,
Number of sprinklers in range pipe =7
Total number of sprinklers = 14
HYDRAULIC CALCULATION OF PRESSURE AND FLOW AT
AMAO LOCATED AT THE MOST REMOTE AREA
Pressure calculation between sprinkler 1 and top of riser:
Sprin
kler
start
node
Sprin
kler
end
node
Descripti
on
Diamet
er of
pipe
(mm)
Length
of pipe
betwee
n
nodes
(m)
Pipe
fittings
and
devices
Equivalen
t pipe
length
(mm)
Pressure
required at
start node
(bar)
Water flow in
sprinkler at
start node
(l/min)
Friction
loss per
m length
(bar/m)
Static
head
loss
(bar)
Total
pressure
loss in
pipe
(bar)
Total discharge
just before the
end node
(l/min)
1 2 Most
remotest
sprinkler
25 3.2 Nil - 0.51 37.6 0.024 0 0.076 57.6
2 3 - 32 3.2 Nil - 0.58 61.24 0.008 0 0.026 118.8
3 4 - 32 3.2 Nil - 0.606 62.27 0.0084 0 0.0269 180.64
4 Top
of
riser
- 50 1.6 Tee 2.91 0.6329 63.94 0.001 0 0.004 244.58
Design Density = 5 lpm/m2
Minimum discharge required for each sprinkler = 5*3.2*3.6
= 57.6 l/min
Selecting 15mm nominal orifice size sprinkler with a k value of 80
Minimum pressure required at entry point of sprinkler = (57.6/80)2
=0.51 bar
As per table 29 of IS 15105:2002 minimum pressure for moderate hazard is
0.35 bar <0.51 bar, hence ok

7. 7
Pressure calculation between 7 and top of riser:
Sprinkl
er start
node
Sprinkl
er end
node
Des
cripti
on
Diamete
r of pipe
(mm)
Length of
pipe
between
nodes (m)
Pipe
fittings
and
devise
s
Equiv
alent
pipe
lenth
(m)
Pressur
e require
at start
node
(bar)
Water
flow in
sprinkler
at start
node
(l/min)
Frictio
n loss
per m
length
(bar/m
)
Static
head
loss
(bar)
Total
pressure
loss in
pipe
(bar)
Total
discharge just
before the end
node (l/min)
7 6 - 32 3.2 Nil - 0.51 57.6 0.007
2
0 0.023 57.6
6 5 - 32 3.2 - - 0.53 58.24 0.007
4
0 0.0236 115.84
5 Top of
riser
- 50 1.6 - - 0.55 59.32 0.008
7
0 0.0139 175.16
Minimum pressure required at top of riser for sprinkler 1 to 4, Ph = 0.6329+0.004
= 0.6369 bar
Water discharge to sprinkler 1 to 4 at top of riser, Qh = 244.58 l/min
Minimum pressure required at top of riser for sprinkler 7 to 5 (Pl) = 0.55+0.0139
= 0.5639 bar
Water discharge to sprinkler 7 to 5 at top of riser, (QL) =175.16 l/min
Adjustment of water flow to sprinklers 6 and 7 due to pressure
difference:
Qad j= QL*√(𝑃h/PL)
=175.16*√0.6369/0.5639
=186.15 l/min
Total water flow required at top of riser to sprinkler to sprinkler 1 to
7=244.58+186.15
=430.73 l/min
Pressure calculation between sprinklers top of riser to bottom
of riser at next range pipe:
Sprink
ler
start
node
Sprink
ler end
node
Desc
ripti
on
Diame
ter of
pipe
(mm)
Length
of pipe
between
nodes
(m)
Pipe
fittings
and
devises
Equivale
nt pipe
length
(m)
Pressure
require
at start
node
(bar)
Water
flow in
sprinkler
at start
node
(l/min)
Friction
loss per
m length
(bar/m)
Static
head
loss
(bar)
Total
pressure loss
in pipe (bar)
Total
discharge
just before
the end
node
(l/min)
Top of
riser
Botto
m of
riser
- 50 0.5 Tee 2.91 0.636 430.73 0.034 0.05 0.185 430.73
Botto Botto Dist 65 3.6 Nill 0 0.801 430.73 0.009 0 0.0324 430.73

8. 8
m of
riser
to
extre
me
range
pipe
m of
next
riser
ribut
ion
pipe
Adjustment of water flow to sprinklers 8 and 14 due to
pressure difference:
Pressure required at bottom of riser for sprinkler 1 to 7, Pi=0.636+0.165
=0.801 bar
Water discharge to sprinkler 1 to 7 at bottom of riser , Qi =430.73 l/min
Branch line K factor, Kbr = Qi/√ 𝑃𝑖 =430.73/√(0.801)
= 481.27
Pressure required at bottom of next riser for sprinkler for sprinkler 8 to 14,
P = 0.80+0.0324
=0.8334 bar
Water discharge required to sprinkler 8 to 14 at bottom of riser
Q= kbr*√ 𝑃 = 481.27*√0.8334
= 439.354 l/min
Total discharge required at bottom of riser for sprinkler 1 to 14
=430.73+439.354
= 870.084 l/min
Sprinkler
start
node
Sprinkle
r end
node
Desc
riptio
n
Diame
ter of
pipe
(mm)
Length
of pipe
betwe
en
nodes
(m)
Pipe
fittings
&
devise
s
Equivale
nt pipe
length
(m)
Pressure
required
at start
node
(bar)
Water
flow in
sprinkler
at start
node
(l/min)
Friction
loss per
m length
(bar/m)
Static
head
loss
(bar)
Total
pressure
loss IN
pipe (bar)
Total
discharge
just before
the end
node
(l/min)
Bottom
of riser 8
to 14
End of
distribut
ion pipe
Distri
butio
n
pipe
65 2 Tee 3.81 0.8334 870 0.035 0 0.07 870
End of
distributi
on pipe
Top of
alarm
valve
Main
riser
100 8 Nill 0 0.9 870 0.0042 0.8 0.84 870
Top of
alarm
valve
Bottom
of
control
valve
Contr
ol
valve
100 0.5 Alarm
valve,
gate
valve
5.88 1.74 870 0.0042 0.05 0.076 870

9. 9
We need 870 l/min water discharge with minimum pressure of 1.86 bar at the
bottom of control valve to have the required discharge and pressure at AMAO.
Hanger for sprinkler pipe:
Distribution/range pipes should not be supported from celling sheathing or cladding
or from any other associated suspended system systems.
Hanger should not be welded or fastened directly to the pipe work.
The supports on which the pipe work rests should be secured firmly in position.
The thickness of all parts of pipe supports should not be less than 3mm.
Whenever possible, pipes should be supported from non-combustible building
elements.
Pipe work in corrosive areas should be of either stainless steel or or suitably
protected against corrosion.
The distance between pipe supports measured along the line of connected pipes,
shall not be less than
• 4.0 m for pipe diameter up to 65mm
• 6 m for pipe diameter from 65 to 100mm
Distribution Pipes:
1. The first support on a normally horizontal distribution pipe shall not be more than
2m from the main distribution pipe; the last support shall not be more than 450
mm from the end
2. The drop of riser pipes shall be secured to the building structure either directly or
indirectly at the adjacent nominally horizontal part of the pipe within 300 mm of
the drop or riser.
Range Pipe:
1. The first support on range pipe shall not be more than 2 m from the distribution
pipe; the last support shall not be more than 1.5 m from the range pipe end.
2. At least one support shall be provided for each pipe run connecting adjacent
sprinkler, and the pipe run connecting the distribution pipe and the first sprinkler
on the range pipe.
3. Pipe support shall not be closer than 150 mm to any sprinkler axial central line.

10. 10
DESIGNING CO2 TOTAL FLOODING SYSTEM FOR MARKET
AREA IN GIVEN PLAN
All doors and windows are closable during the application of the carbon dioxide.
Volume of the whole compartment = 21.5*6.6*3.4
= 482.46 m3
Assume volume of pedestal = 100m3
Net volume of compartment,
V= 482.46-100
= 382.46 m3
Minimum design concentration of CO2 required for the combustible material-
Hydrocarbon (IS-15528, Table 3) = 75%
Volume factor based on space to be protected and for a design concentration 34%
(Table 3, IS-15526)
=0.8 kg of CO2/m3
The basic concentration of CO2 required at 34% concentration

11. 11
Qbasic = V*volume factor
=382.46*0.8
Qbasic=305.96 kg
Minimum concentration of CO2 required at 34% concentration,
Qmin = 113.5 kg
i.e, 305.6 > 113.5
So, the basic quantity of CO2 required at 34% concentration,
Qbasic=305.96 kg.
Basic quantity of CO2 required at 75% concentration,
Q=Qbasic*(material conversion factor)
=305.96*1.2
=367.15 kg
Total amount of CO2 required =367.15kg
Pressure inside cylinder =55 bar
Density =
Mass
volume
Volume =
367.15
1.98
= 185.42 m3
Now, P1V1 = P2V2
55*v1 = 1*185.42
V1=3.371m3 =3371.27L
Assume one cylinder of capacity 80L.
Number of cylinders =
3371.25
80
= 42.14
The filling ratio of co2 is 0.67 so, the number of cylinders required is 43
Number of total cylinders required = 43
We can store these cylinders in main bank, and same amount of co2 should be stored
for standby. The minimum effective discharge time for use in calculating the quantity
shall be 60 s.

12. 12

13. 13
REFERENCE
1. IS 15105: Design and Installation of Fixed Automatic Sprinkler Fire Extinguishing
Systems--Code of Practice.
2. IS 15528: Gaseous Fire Extinguishing Systems— Carbon Dioxide Total Flooding
and Local Application (Subfloor and In-Cabinet), High and Low Pressure
(Refrigerated) Systems.