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1. FIRE PROTECTION TRAINING
AT
QPS, VADODARA
By Abhijit Haldankar
26.10.2020

2. Abhijit Haldankar
BE Chemical Engg.
(UDCT,Mumbai)
25+ yrs exp.
Now…
Process & Safety Consultant
2010-2016
Linde Engineering Pvt Ltd
2002-2010
Reliance Industries Ltd
1995-2002
Indian Petrochemicals Corporation
Ltd
Consultation for
• Process Safety activities
• PSV Design
• SMPV Competent Person
• Pressure Surge Analysis
• Explosion Protection
• Fire Protection
• F&G Detection
• Environment Protection
• HAZOP / HAZID / SIL study
INTRODUCTION

3. INTRODUCTION
Name : Abhijit Haldankar
 BE (Chem) – UDCT (Mumbai)
 Total 25 Years of experience
 With Linde Engineering India
between 2010 to 2015
 Process & Environmental Safety
 Worked in gas based Ethylene plant
for 15 yrs between 1995 to 2010

4. SAFETY CONTACT
 Fire Incident
 Company : FRP Coating Comapny
 Flammable Material : Resins (Used as raw material for
FRP Products)
 Incident : Fire occurred in “Sheet Metal FRP Coating
Machine” where FRP material is being heated and
applied on sheets.
 It spread in nearby area where resin & paint was stored
 One day before small fire was occurred in same machine
which was extinguished by worker using DCP.
 Waste area was also engulfed

5. SAFETY CONTACT
 Fire Incident
 Videos 2, 3

6. AGENDA
 Fire Basics
 Fire Protection Regulations & Standards
 Fire Protection System
 Basis for Fire Protection System Design
 Fire Water Demand
 Fire Water Pump & Storage
 Fire Water Network
 Fire Fighting Equipments
 Spray System Design
 Foam System

7. AGENDA
 Building Fire Protection
 Fire Extinguishers
 Fire Detection & Alarm System

8. FIRE BASICS

9.  What is fire ?
 Combustion of flammable or combustible material
 Type of fires
 Not A, B,C … We all know these fire types.
 For process plants we should know more than this.
FIRE - BASICS

10.  Types of Fire
 Flash Fire
 Pool Fire
 Jet Fire
 Fire Ball
 Solid Fires
FIRE- BASICS

11.  Flash Fire
 Vapour cloud
 Flame Front speed
 Time duration – Very short
 Generally Flash fire ended in sustained pool fire or jet
fire
 Consequence of flash fire is burn injury. It is normally
estimated for “how much area” is covered by vapour
cloud.
FIRE - BASICS

12.  Pool Fire
 Liquid spill or leak
 Major consequence is heat radiation
 It is characterized by flame length &
Pool size
 Significance for Fire Protection Design
 Cooling requirements (for tanks, process
areas etc)
 Fire Hazardous Area
 Requirement of Passive Fire Protection
FIRE - BASICS

13.  Jet Fire
 Pressurized gas leak
 Major Consequence heat radiation
 Jet/Flame Length
 Characterized by discharge rate
and flame length
 Significance for fire protection
 Cooling requirements (Bullets /
Sphere)
FIRE - BASICS

14.  Fire Triangle
 Fuel
 Heat / Ignition
 Oxygen
FIRE- BASICS

15. FIRE PROTECTION FUNDAMENTALS

16.  Understand the flammable materials involved
 Locate the inventory of flammable material
 Available fire fighting support from outside
 Applicable Standards and Codes
 Areas to be protected
 Process Plant – Open Area
 Process Plant – On Structures
 Process Plant – Inside Building
 Process Buildings In plant Area
 Non Process Buildings in plant area
FIRE PROTECTION FUNDAMENTALS

17.  Active Fire Protection
 Water Based Fire Protection
 Fire Water Network
 Hydrants
 Monitors
 Hose Reels
 Spray Systems
 Gas Based Fire Protection
 Clean Agent System
 CO2 flooding system
FIRE PROTECTION FUNDAMENTALS

18.  Passive Fire Protection
 Spacing & Layout
 Fireproofing
 Containment & Drainage
 Fire Walls
 Hazardous Area Classification
FIRE PROTECTION FUNDAMENTALS

19. FIRE PROTECTION REGULATIONS & STANDARDS

20. For Process Plant Area
 Indian Standard
 TAC
 NFPA
 OISD
 API
For Buildings
 National Building Code
 International Building Code
 International Fire Code
FIRE PROTECTION REGULATIONS &
STANDARDS

21. Regulations
 Factory Act
 Factory Rule (e.g. Gujarat Factory Rule)
 Fire Rule (e.g. Maharashtra Fire Rule)
 Petroleum Rule
 SMPV Rule
 Oil Mining Regulation (OMR)
FIRE PROTECTION REGULATIONS &
STANDARDS

22. Major Indian Standards
 TAC : Tariff Advisory Committee Guidelines
 IS 13039 : External Hydrant System
 IS 12469 : Fire Water Pumps (Pump & Storage Capacity)
 IS 15325 : MV & HV Spray System
 OISD 116 : Fire Protection for Refinery & Petrochemicals
Plant
 OISD 117 : Fire Protection for Petroleum Depots
 OISD 189 : Fire Protection For Oil & Gas Installations
 OISD 244 : Standard for Petroleum Depots
Requirements
FIRE PROTECTION REGULATIONS &
STANDARDS

23. Major International Standards
 NFPA 10 : Portable Fire Extinguishers
 NFPA 13 : Sprinkler System
 NFPA 14 : Fire Water Network (Hose System)
 NFPA 15 : Spray System
 NFPA 20 : Fire Water Pumps
 NFPA 24 : Private Fire Water System
 NFPA 30 : Flammable & Combustible Liquid Codes
 NFPA2001 : Clean Agent Fire Extinguishing System
 API2001 : Fire Protection in Refineries
 API2218 : Fireproofing Practices in Refineries
FIRE PROTECTION REGULATIONS &
STANDARDS

24. FIRE PROTECTION SYSTEM DESIGN

25. Remember the “Fire Protection Fundamentals”?
 Understand the “Layout”
 Understand the flammable materials handled and their
location , inventory in plant
 Fix the applicable codes
 Now start “Fire Protection System Design”
FIRE PROTECTION SYSTEM DESIGN

26. What do you understand by “Fire Protection System
Design”?
 Design Basis of the Proposed System
 Water Demand Calculations
 Fire Water Network Drawing
 Fire Water Network Hydraulics
 Fire Water System P&IDs
 Fire Water Pump & Storage Datasheets
 Fire Protection Equipment Datasheets
 Spray System Design
FIRE PROTECTION SYSTEM DESIGN

27. What do you understand by “Fire Protection System
Design”?
 Specification of gas based fire protection system (Clean
Agent System)
 BOQ for Fire Protection System
FIRE PROTECTION SYSTEM DESIGN

28. Fire Protection System Design Basis
 Objective of Fire Water System
 Chemicals handled in the plant
 Location & Inventory of Flammable Material in plant
 Type of Protection envisaged
 Fire Water Demand
 Fire Water Pump & Storage
 Fire Water Network
 Fire Water Distribution
• Monitors
• Hydrants
• Hose Reels
• Spray System
FIRE PROTECTION SYSTEM DESIGN

29. Fire Protection System Design Basis
 Objective of fire protection system is mainly to control fire
till external help arrives.
Type of Protection envisaged
 Process area Coverage for all hazard area
 Area shall be accessed from at least two sides
 Otherwise spray system can be proposed
 Utility & other non plant areas also needs to be covered
but the number of hydrants required will be less
 Storage Area
 Tanks can be accessed from all four sides by monitors
 Code & Standard requirement for spray system
FIRE PROTECTION SYSTEM DESIGN

30. Fire Protection System Design Basis
Fire Water Demand Basis shall be specified
 Based on Number of Hydrant Points
 Based on number of simultaneous fires (Single / Double )
 Based on Spray System
FIRE PROTECTION SYSTEM DESIGN

31. FIRE DEMAND CALCULATIONS

32.  Single Fire Scenario / Double Fire Scenario
 Demand based on number of hydrants points
 Demand for Spray System
FIRE WATER DEMAND CALCULATION

33. Demand Based on numbers of Hydrant points
 As per TAC & Indian Standard,
 Determine Hazard Category of Industry
 Light Hazard
 Ordinary Hazard
 High Hazard (A)
 High Hazard (B)
 Determine number of hydrant points required on proposed fire
water network.
 Based on number of hydrants & Hazard Category we can
decide FW pump required capacity and storage capacity
FIRE WATER DEMAND CALCULATION

34.  Pump Capacity as per TAC & IS (12469)
FIRE WATER DEMAND CALCULATION

35. FIRE WATER DEMAND CALCULATION
 Pump Capacity as per TAC & IS (12469)

36. FIRE WATER DEMAND CALCULATION
 FW Storage Capacity as per TAC & IS (12469)

37. FIRE WATER DEMAND CALCULATION
 Example

38. FIRE WATER DEMAND CALCULATION
Demand based Spray System Water Requirements
 When to provide Spray System?
 For class A Petroleum Product storage tanks
 For Class B Petroleum Product
 Floating roof storage tanks with diameter > 30m
 Fixed roof storage tanks with diameter > 20m
 LPG / Hydrogen / Flammable Liquefied Gases storage ,
Pumping and Gantry
 Process Areas
 Inaccessible Flammable handling areas
 Vessels handling Class A/B > 50m3
 AFCs above Hydrocarbon piperacks
 Columns with Height > 45m

39. FIRE WATER DEMAND CALCULATION
Calculate Spray System Water Requirements
 Application Rates (Refer the applicable standard followed
for design)
 Tanks : (OISD 116/117/244)
 3 LPM/m2 (For tank on fire & tanks within R+30m)
 1 LPM/m2 ( For tanks beyond R+30m)
 Pumps & Loading Gantry : 10LPM/m2
 Process Area : 10.2 LPM/m2

40. FIRE WATER DEMAND CALCULATION
Calculate Spray System Water Requirements
 Based on application rate and protected area calculate
the water requirement for spray
 Add supplementary water supply to this flow to arrive
water requirement for the protected area.

41. FIRE WATER DEMAND CALCULATION
Final Water Demand
 As per philosophy single or double fire, fire water
demand can be arrived.
 It is highest of the water demand based on hydrants and
spray system requirement
 It is highest in case of single fire scenario
 It is addition of top highest water requirements +
supplementary water , in case of double fire scenario

42. FIRE WATER PUMPS

43. FIRE WATER PUMPS
 The calculated water demand can be provided by one or
more working main fire water pumps.
 Pumps can be electric motor driven or diesel engine
driven
 Number of diesel driven pumps shall be minimum 50% of
the total number of pumps (inclusive of standby pumps)
 The standby pump requirement depends on type of
installation/facility.
 Applicable Standard : NFPA20 & IS12469

44. FIRE WATER PUMPS
 The diesel engine driven pump shall be provided with
diesel day tank dedicated for each pump. Day tank
should be for maximum 6 hr running of pump.
 The pumps shall be capable of discharging 150% of its
rated discharge at a minimum of 65% of the rated head.
 The Shut-off head shall not exceed 120% of rated head
 The jockey pump capacity shall be between 5 to 10% of
main FW pump.
 Jockey pump is electrical motor driven pump.

45. FIRE WATER PUMPS
Types
 Horizontal split case pump
 Vertical split case pump
 Vertical in-line pump
 Vertical turbine pump

46.  Suction
Strainer
Isolation Valve (Other than butterfly Valve)
Foot Valve (For negative suction)
Priming Arrangement (For Negative suction)
Pressure Gauge
 Discharge
Pressure Gauge
Isolation Valve
NRV
FIRE WATER PUMPS - FITTINGS

47.  Pump
Casing Vent (Air release valve)
Casing Drain
Leak from sealing gland (Arrangement to be provided for drain)
 Discharge Common Header
Pressure Gauge
Pressure Switches / Transmitters
Common Isolation Valve
FIRE WATER PUMPS - FITTINGS

48.  Electrical Motor
Jockey pump
Main Fire water pump
 Diesel Engine
Main Fire Water Pump
 Electrical Motor Powered directly from DG Set
Main Fire Water Pump
 Fire Water Pumps Data Sheet & Specification
FIRE WATER PUMPS - DRIVERS

49. FIRE WATER PUMPS
 FW Pump start up sequence
Jockey pump will keep FW header pressurise
It will start when header pressure reach certain low value and stop
when certain high value is reached.
In case of fire, actuation of any spray system or opening of any
hydrants / monitors will decrease header pressure due to increase
in FW flow.
At low FW header pressure first FW main pump will start.
If header pressure further drops second pump will start.
The stop of FW pump will be manual.

50. FIRE WATER PUMPS
 FW Pump panel
Electrical mains supply is received in panel
Low pressure signal (normally digital signal) to panel
Logic to start / stop jockey pump is executed in panel
The logic to start main pumps is executed in panel
Signal for diesel pump will go from panel to diesel engine panel
Panel have pumps status lamps, hooter , current indication

51. FIRE WATER PUMPS
 FW Pump panel

52. FIRE WATER STORAGE

53. FIRE WATER STORAGE
 As per Hazard Category Fire water storage capacity can
be decided based on Fire Water Demand/Pump capacity
 For refinery or petrochemical complex it is 4hr running of
main FW working pump.
 FW Storage can be above ground or underground
 FW Storage can be ,
Steel Tank
RCC Tank
Ponds
Reservoir

54. FIRE WATER STORAGE
 FW Storage shall have two compartments of equal
capacity
 Pump suction shall be from both compartments
 Make-up water line is required. Reliable make-up can
used to reduce storage size.
 Level measurement is required
 If fire water is stored in underground tanks, an overhead
water tank of sufficient capacity shall be provided for
flooded suction

55. FIRE WATER NETWORK

56. FIRE WATER NETWORK
Fire Water Network consists of following,
 Fire Water Mains , Sub Headers and Risers
 Hydrants
 Monitors
 Hose Reels
 Spray System
 Foam System

57. FIRE WATER NETWORK

58. FIRE WATER MAINS
 The fire hydrant mains should always be laid in rings or
cross-linked rings (IS13039/5.4)
 The minimum size of FW mains shall be 6” (IS13039/5.4)
 Adequate number of sluice valves should be installed
according to the general layout of the installation.
Generally after 300m isolation valve should be provided.

59. FIRE WATER MAINS
 Hydrants and monitors to be placed on network to cover
entire facility.
 Maximum distance between two hydrants is specified in
standards. It is 30m in process area and 45m in utility
area.
 In other areas it can be 60m.
 In petrochemical plant or refinery it is not exceeded
beyond 45m.
 The congested areas which can not be covered with
hydrants and monitors can be covered through fire water
spray.
 The congested area can also be covered using hose
reels depending on the criticality and inventory.

60. FIRE WATER MAINS
 Storage tanks shall be covered from opposite sides by
preferably monitors
 If we ensure the coverage from opposite side and access
around the storage area, then we need not provide spray
system.
 For smaller tanks , which can be covered through
monitors , this can be applied.
 For bigger storages, spray needs to be provided. (It may
also required by regulation & standard)

61. FIRE WATER MAINS
 On Plant Structures, risers to be provided along the
staircase.
 Hydrant (Landing valve) and Hose Reel to be provided at
each floor
 Based on floor area additional risers to be provided to
ensure coverage of all floor area.

62. FIRE WATER HYDRANTS
 Hydrant can be single headed or
double headed
 In refinery installation double
headed hydrants shall be used
 Hydrant can be installed on stand
post or on down comer
 Applicable Standard
 IS 13039
 NFPA 14
 Water Flow : 36m3/hr

63. FIRE WATER HYDRANTS
 Spacing between two hydrants
shall be not more than 30m in
process area and 45m -60m in
utility & non plant area.
 Hydrant shall be located
maximum 15m from the
protected equipment/Building
 Hose box is required near each
or alternate hydrant point

64. FIRE WATER MONITORS

65. FIRE WATER MONITORS
 Water Monitors are used to cool the equipment from
distance with higher flow rates.
 It is fixed installation.
 It’s direction and angle to horizontal can be adjusted.
 Monitor can be water-cum-foam monitor

66. FIRE WATER MONITORS
 Applicable Standard
 IS8442
 Water Monitor Flow

67. FIRE WATER MONITORS

68. FIRE WATER MONITORS

69. FIRE WATER MONITORS
 High Volume Long Range Water Monitor

70. FIRE WATER MONITORS
 Tower Monitors

71. FIRE WATER SPRAY SYSTEM

72. FIRE WATER SPRAY SYSTEM

73. FIRE WATER SPRAY SYSTEM
 Spray System can be,
 Medium Velocity Spray System
 High Velocity Spray System
 Actuation of Spray System can be,
 Automatic
 Manual

74. FIRE WATER SPRAY SYSTEM
Components of Spray System
 Deluge Valve (For Automatic Actuation) / Manual Valve
 Isolation valves
 Bypass valve (In case of Deluge valve)
 Strainer
 Spray Rings and Spray Nozzles
 Sensing line rings and QB sensors (For Automatic
Actuation). It can be of water or instrument air.
 Actuation can be based on other fire detectors also like
flame detector or heat detectors

75. FIRE WATER SPRAY SYSTEM
 Spray System Components : Deluge Valve Assembly

76. FIRE WATER SPRAY SYSTEM

77. FIRE WATER SPRAY SYSTEM
Automatic Actuation of Spray System
 Principle of actuation : The deluge valve is a diaphragm
valve. It remains in close position by means of pressure on
diaphragm by fluid in sensing line (water or IA)
 Due to heat (60 to 75 degC) QB sensor on sensing line will burst
and depressurize the line. This will actuate PALL/PSLL and
eventually deluge valve.
 The depressurization of sensing line continues and deluge can
be open by actual depressurization of pressure on diaphragm.
 The pressure on diaphragm can be released manually through
drain valve, to open deluge valve manually in field.

78. FIRE WATER SPRAY SYSTEM
Sensing Line
Supply
Sensing Line
To Equipment

79. FIRE WATER SPRAY SYSTEM
Sensing Line
QB Bulb

80. FIRE WATER SPRAY SYSTEM
Spray System Design
 Spray System is hydraulically sized to provide calculated
water flow for protected surface
 Based on dimensions of protected surface decide no of
rings.
 The pressure requirements at spray nozzles are between
1.5 to 3.5 kg/cm2g
 Q = flow rate of the nozzle, lpm
 K = K-factor
 P = pressure at nozzle, bar(g)

81. FIRE WATER SPRAY SYSTEM
Spray System Design
 Selecting spray angle , based on converge of one nozzle,
number of nozzles in each ring can be estimated.
 From no. of nozzles we get flow through each nozzle.

82. FIRE WATER SPRAY SYSTEM
Spray System
Design

83. FOAM SYSTEM

84. FOAM SYSTEM
Foam System
 Fixed Foam System
 Semi Fixed Foam
System
 Water-cum-Foam
Monitor

85. FOAM SYSTEM
Fixed Foam System

86. FOAM SYSTEM
Fixed Foam System

87. FOAM SYSTEM
Fixed Foam System

88. FOAM SYSTEM
Fixed Foam System
 Foam Pump
 Bladder Tank
 Proportionator
 Piping
 Material of construction
 Actuation
 Automatic (Through Detection System)
 Manual

89. FOAM SYSTEM
Fixed Foam System

90. FOAM SYSTEM
Semi Fixed Foam System
 Semi Fixed System is an installation where the hazard is
equipped with fixed discharge device(s), which connect to
piping that terminates a safe distance from the hazard,
normally outside the dike wall.
 Foam producing materials are transported to the scene
after the fire starts and are connected to the piping.

91. FOAM SYSTEM
Semi Fixed Foam System

92. FOAM SYSTEM
Water cum Foam Monitor
 Fixed foam monitors are used to fight fire from a
predetermined safe distance, while portable applicators
and nozzles cover shadow areas not reachable by the
monitors.
 Shall be used as the material handled in process area,
storage area is highly flammable liquids which will cause
pool fire
 Volume -100 lit of foam solution
 Water cum foam monitor shall be as per IS:8442
 These monitors are adjustable and can be used in two
modes: jet or fog.

93. FOAM SYSTEM
Water cum Foam Monitor

94. FOAM SYSTEM
Water cum Foam Monitor

95. FOAM SYSTEM
Portable Foam Trolley

96. PASSIVE FIRE PROTECTION

97. PASSIVE FIRE PROTECTION
 Fire Proofing
 Layout and Safe Distance
 Dykes and Drain
 Prevention of Ignition (Area Classification)

98. PASSIVE FIRE PROTECTION
Fire Proofing
 Applicable Standard
 OISD164
 API2218
 Fire Potential Equipment
 Any Equipment Handling Liquid Hydrocarbon or Liquefied Gas
 Fire Hazardous Area
 General Requirement of fireproofing
 Duration
 Temperature

99. PASSIVE FIRE PROTECTION
Fire Proofing

100. BUILDING FIRE PROTECTION

101. BUILDING FIRE PROTECTION
 Whether it is Building or Structure?
 What is Structure?
 Process Structure is Industrial occupancy designed for, and suitable
only for , a particular type of processing operation
 It is characterized by relatively low density of employee population

102. BUILDING FIRE PROTECTION
 Structure can be,
 Open Process Structure
 No interior or exterior walls
 Better air circulation
 More access for effective fire fighting
 Enclosed Process Structure
 May have complete or partial walls
and roofs
 Poor air circulation increases chances
of formation of flammable mixture and
hence fire
 Limited access for fire fighting
 Entry for only trained fire fighters
 FW run off can not be accommodate
readily

103. BUILDING FIRE PROTECTION
Check for Applicable Standards and Regulations
 National Building Code
 International Building Code
 Factory Rule
 Fire Rule
 Country / State Specific Regulations

104. BUILDING FIRE PROTECTION
 What is occupancy category of the building?
 As per NBC,
 Residential Building (A)
 Educational Building (B)
 Institutional Building (C)
 Assembly Building (D)
 Business Building (E)
 Mercantile Building (F)
 Industrial Building (G)
 Storage Building (H)
 Hazardous Building (J)

105. BUILDING FIRE PROTECTION
Table-7 in NBC

106. BUILDING FIRE PROTECTION
 Note to Table in NBC
 The requirements given in this table for Group G
Industrial Buildings are for small scale industry units. For
industries the requirements will have to be worked out
on the basis of relevant Indian Standards and also in
consultation with local fire authorities.

107. BUILDING FIRE PROTECTION
Fire Protection For Buildings
 Riser or Down comers with Hydrants
 Yard Hydrants
 Hose Reels
 Fire Extinguishers
 Automatic Sprinkler
 Smoke Detectors
 Heat Detectors

108. BUILDING FIRE PROTECTION
Sprinkler Requirement in Buildings
 In enclosed building access for fire fighting during
emergency is limited
 Fixed fire fighting system is preferable
 Local Regulation may require sprinklers based on hazard
category of flammable material handled
 IBC and NFPA30, NFPA13 provide guideline for the sprinkler
requirement
 Sprinklers can be Wet or Dry Type.

109. DRY SPRINKLER
Dry Sprinkler
 The maximum area of
coverage of any sprinkler
shall not exceed 400 ft2
(36 m2).
 Maximum distance
between sprinkler
 Minimum distance
between sprinkler

110. DRY SPRINKLER

111. WET SPRINKLER
Wet Sprinkler – Pendent
Upright Sprinkler
 The maximum area of
coverage of any sprinkler
shall not exceed 225 ft2
(21 m2).
 Maximum distance
between sprinkler
 Minimum distance
between sprinkler

112. BUILDING FIRE PROTECTION
Sprinkler Nozzles

113. HOSE REEL
 Hose reel stations shall be provided in the Reaction Area,
Distillation Area and Utility area structures
 Each floor of the structure will have hose reel connected to
riser
 Capacity – 15 m3/hr, Length – 30 m of 1½ “non-collapsible
hose with adjustable fog/jet nozzle mounted on a
horizontal drum and cradle.

114. FIRE EXTINGUISHER
 Fire Extinguishers are first aid fire fighting equipments.
 They can be portable or wheel mounted
 Used to put out fire by directing action on a substance
that catches fire on burning
 Cooling of the exposed substance to fire by forming coating
over the flame
 Deprived of oxygen by cutting off O2 supply
 Fire extinguishers are placed in plant area at strategic
locations for first aid firefighting of small fires

115. FIRE EXTINGUISHER

116. FIRE EXTINGUISHER
Types
 Water
 Foam
 Dry Powder
 Carbon Dioxide

117. FIRE EXTINGUISHER
DCP Fire Extinguisher is most commonly used.
Its main components are,
 Cylindrical vessel/tank
 Discharge Hose
 Propellant
 Extinguishing Agent
 Release lever
 Handle
 Valve assembly
 Fire extinguishers shall be as per IS: 15683

118. FIRE DETECTORS & ALARM
Fire Detectors
 Fire detectors are provided to detect fire at early stage.
 Depending on the material involved and type of fire
these sensors / detectors can be provided.
 Type of fires,
 Pool Fire or Jet fire : Rise in temperature of surrounding
 Pool fire involving heavier hydrocarbon : Flame is detected
 Electrical fire or fire involving combustible material : Smoke is
detected

119. FIRE DETECTORS & ALARM
Type of Fire Detectors
 QB Sensors
 Heat Detectors
 Point Detector
 Linear Detector
 Flame Detectors
 Smoke Detectors

120. FIRE DETECTORS & ALARM
Fire Alarm System
 In case of any emergency, person who has detected the
fire or emergency can communicate to concern agencies
through fire alarm system
 Fire Alarm System consists of ,
 Manual Call Point
 Cables
 Addressable or Non-addressable control panel
 MCPs should be installed.
 Along the escape route
 Along the road
 At exit of each building or enclosure

121. RECAP…….
 Fire Basics & Objective of Fire
 Fire Protection Regulations & Standards
 Fire Protection System Design
 Fire Water Network
 Fire Water Demand
 Fire Water Pump & Storage
 Fire Fighting Equipments
 Spray System
 Foam System
 Building Fire Protection
 Fire Extinguishers
 Fire Detection & Alarm System

122. THANK YOU !!!!