This is a CLC assigment, I have attached topic 1, 2 and 3 , APA format, 3 references, 500 words This is a Collaborative Learning Community (CLC) assignment. In your Collaborative Learning Community, write a formal paper of 500-1,000 words that examines the previously addressed aspects of health policies, finance, global/national prevention, or treatment initiatives related to the health issue by identifying applicable ethics principles. Differentiate how application of the identified ethics principles to the health issue has resulted in population disparities. Hypothesize how existing disparities might be eliminated using alternate ethics principles. Critique whether the applicable ethics principles are consistent with the ANA's Code of Ethics for Nurses. Topic 1 Influenza CLC group essay 11-28-2017 Introduction Influenza commonly known as flu is a contagious respiratory infection that attacks the general respiratory system that is, the nose, throat, and even the lungs. It is caused by the two types of influenza viruses which are influenza A, influenza B and influenza C (Wang & Tao, 2010). Attacks from both viruses are epidemic and seasonal as they are common within specific periods within a year. Attack mechanisms for influenza A viruses depends on the genes on the surface protein of a patient. They are normally spread through sneezing and coughing from an infected individual to the surrounding air (Wang & Tao, 2010). The flu can also attack an individual in case they get into direct body tissue contact with an infected individual for example handshaking. Health professionals argue that the flu virus is stubborn and spreads mainly over tiny droplets which are produced when the infected individuals’ cough, talk, and sneeze (Wang & Tao, 2010). Such droplets are easily carried by the surrounding air and can be landed in the nose and mouths of the immediate persons. Additionally, it can enter into one’s system if he or she gets into direct contact with a surface or object that has the influenza bacteria and consequently rubs or touches their nose, mouth or even eyes (Wang & Tao, 2010). Health departments have overtime identified initiative to address the problem of influenza, such initiatives include:  Reducing human exposure to the flu viruses, this initiative works by notifying the public on the safe ways to prevent and control the spread of the virus and it actively works to reduce infection opportunities and curbs the spread of the pandemic virus (Abramson, 2011). They have built able capacities to cope with the pandemic, measures have been taken and put in place to cope with the virus since helping the society to stay free from the virus (Abramson, 2011). They have innovated much on early warning and acknowledgments, information about influenza and its impacts to the society are made clear since it is effective for the society to stay free from the influenza virus (Abramson, 2011). Necessary global scientific researches ...

1. This is a CLC assigment, I have attached topic 1, 2 and 3 , APA
format, 3 references, 500 words
This is a Collaborative Learning Community (CLC) assignment.
In your Collaborative Learning Community, write a formal
paper of 500-1,000 words that examines the previously
addressed aspects of health policies, finance, global/national
prevention, or treatment initiatives related to the health issue by
identifying applicable ethics principles.
Differentiate how application of the identified ethics principles
to the health issue has resulted in population disparities.
Hypothesize how existing disparities might be eliminated using
alternate ethics principles.
Critique whether the applicable ethics principles are consistent
with the ANA's Code of Ethics for Nurses.
Topic 1
Influenza CLC group essay 11-28-2017
Introduction
Influenza commonly known as flu is a contagious respiratory
infection that attacks the general respiratory system that is, the
nose, throat, and even the lungs. It is caused by the two types of
influenza viruses which are influenza A, influenza B and

2. influenza C (Wang & Tao, 2010). Attacks from both viruses are
epidemic and seasonal as they are common within specific
periods within a year. Attack mechanisms for influenza A
viruses depends on the genes on the surface protein of a patient.
They are normally spread through sneezing and coughing from
an infected individual to the surrounding air (Wang & Tao,
2010).
The flu can also attack an individual in case they get into direct
body tissue contact with an infected individual for example
handshaking. Health professionals argue that the flu virus is
stubborn and spreads mainly over tiny droplets which are
produced when the infected individuals’ cough, talk, and sneeze
(Wang & Tao, 2010). Such droplets are easily carried by the
surrounding air and can be landed in the nose and mouths of the
immediate persons. Additionally, it can enter into one’s system
if he or she gets into direct contact with a surface or object that
has the influenza bacteria and consequently rubs or touches
their nose, mouth or even eyes (Wang & Tao, 2010).
Health departments have overtime identified initiative to
address the problem of influenza, such initiatives include:
Reducing human exposure to the flu viruses, this initiative
works by notifying the public on the safe ways to prevent and
control the spread of the virus and it actively works to reduce
infection opportunities and curbs the spread of the pandemic
virus (Abramson, 2011).
They have built able capacities to cope with the pandemic,
measures have been taken and put in place to cope with the
virus since helping the society to stay free from the virus
(Abramson, 2011).
They have innovated much on early warning and
acknowledgments, information about influenza and its impacts

3. to the society are made clear since it is effective for the society
to stay free from the influenza virus (Abramson, 2011).
Necessary global scientific researches are being carried out and
developments to ensure that vaccines and antiviral drugs are
available across the globe mostly during the seasons which the
virus is spread. The scientific knowledge enables quick and
effective identification of the virus at its initial stages
(Abramson, 2011).
Several measures have been put in place to measure the progress
of the issue. They include;
The World Health Organization has continuously carried out
tests to identify cases of attack by the virus at its early stages
that are in one to four days of an individual’s exposure to the
influenza virus (Tam & Sellwood, 2013).
Materials enlightening the public about the virus and the most
convenient ways to stay free from the attack are being
developed and provisional with all measures that can help curb
and salvage the situation (Tam & Sellwood, 2013).
The current status of the issue based on measures outcomes
clarifies that the globe is well up and at a good place to
overcome the spread of influenza viruses. This has been made
possible by the continuous scientific researchers which develop
antiviral drugs and vaccines which are work to stop the spread
and impacts of the influenza virus upon the general society
(Tam & Sellwood, 2013).
References
Abramson, J. (2011).
Inside the 2009 Influenza Pandemic
. World Scientific Publishing Company, 2011.

4. Tam, J., & Sellwood, C. (2013).
Pandemic Influenza
. CABI, 2013.
Wang, Q., & Tao, Y. (2010).
Molecular Virology
. Horizon Scientific Press.
Topic 2
Influenza
Diane Boll, Lisa Hart, Risper Ireri
Grand Canyom University:NUR 508
12-06-2017
Influenza
Influenza is a highly infectious respiratory illness that mostly
occurs during winter months north of the equator. Influenza,
commonly known as the “flu” occurs between October and
March and with reported outbreaks between September and
May. Signs of influenza include but are not limited to high
fever, myalgia, headache, sore throat, chills and persistent
malaise (Edelman & Mandle, 2006). Each year in the US alone,
influenza and pneumonia result in 114,000 admissions with
36,000 lives lost and costs an estimated $12 billion (Walton,
2016). Edelman and Mandle (2006) discussed the influenza
vaccine markedly reduce the incidence of complications,
hospitalization, and deaths and the vaccine can be given to

5. anyone above six months unless allergic to it. It’s given with
caution to those with allergies to eggs (Edelman & Mandle,
2006). Contrary to misconception, the most common vaccine is
not made up of the live influenza virus but composed of the
inactivated whole virus or virus subunits grown in chick embryo
cells and given annually (Edelman & Mandle, 2006). Influenza
is a global issue as many in underprivileged countries without
access to adequate health care continue to die from it and there
is a need to rapidly identify the virus and provide proper
treatment, thereby preventing its spread locally and
internationally.
Influence of Health and Socioeconomic Status on Influenza
Though all age groups can contract influenza those with fragile
or weakened immune systems are more severely affected and
include the pregnant women, elderly adults with comorbidities
like diabetes, hypertension, cardiovascular disease, malignancy,
and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. According to
Walton (2016), children less than two years have the highest
infection rate, but death rates are usually highest among elderly
(age 65 and older). Influenza
is associated
with low social, economic status, lack of preventive treatment
and poor housing. Most
of the people affected by influenza lack insurance coverage,
have lower levels of education, are unemployed, lack social
network and travel long distances to medical facilities (Watson,
2016).
Initiatives
Health departments have overtime identified initiatives to
address the problem of influenza, such initiatives include:
reducing human exposure to the flu viruses, this initiative works

6. by notifying the public on the safe ways to prevent and control
the spread of the virus and it actively works to reduce infection
opportunities and curbs the spread of the pandemic virus
(Abramson, 2011). They have built able capacities to cope with
the pandemic, measures have been taken and put in place to
cope with the virus since helping the society to stay free from
the virus (Abramson, 2011). They have innovated much on early
warning and acknowledgements, information about influenza
and its impacts to the society are made clear since it is effective
for the society to stay free from influenza virus (Abramson,
2011). Necessary global scientific researches are being carried
out and developments to ensure that vaccines and antiviral
drugs are available across the globe mostly during the seasons
which the virus is spread. The scientific knowledge enables
quick and effective identification of the virus at its initial
stages (Abramson, 2011). Several measures have been put in
place to measure the progress of the issue. They include; The
world Health Organization has continuously carried out tests to
identify cases of attack by the virus at its early stages that are
in one to four days of a n individual’s exposure to the influenza
virus (Tam & Sellwood, 2013). Materials enlightening the
public about the virus and the most convenient ways to stay free
from the attack are being developed and provisional with all
measures that can help curb and salvage the situation (Tam &
Sellwood, 2013). The status of the issue based on measures
outcomes clarifies that the globe is well up and at a good place
to overcome the spread of influenza viruses. This has been made
possible by continuous scientific researchers which develop
antiviral drugs and vaccines which are to stop the spread and
impacts of the influenza virus upon the general society (Tam &
Sellwood, 2013).
Current Status of Influenza
Global Action Plan for Influenza Vaccines (GAP) is “a
comprehensive strategy to reduce the

7. present global shortage of influenza vaccines for seasonal
epidemics and pandemic influenza in
all countries of the world (GAP, 2017). Initially, GAP was to be
accomplished through three
major approaches: The first GAP approach was to encourage
countries to increase their use of
seasonal influenza vaccine. This would in turn reduce the
disease burden of seasonal influenza
infections, help to contribute towards the preparedness of
industrialized countries to respond to
an eventual pandemic and possibly, most importantly, motivate
industry to develop greater
capacity for manufacturing vaccines (GAP, 2017). The second
GAP approach concentrates on
increasing production capacity for pandemic vaccines. The
short-term goal was established, by
2015 enough vaccine would be produced to immunize two
billion people. Additionally, a long
term goal established to produce enough vaccine to immunize
70% of the world's population
with two doses (GAP, 2017). Lastly, the third GAP approach
addressed the need for the research
community to design more potent and effective vaccines
through use of new technologies.

8. Progress
According to the Global Action Plan, the seasonal influenza
vaccine production
capacity had increased globally from “less than 500 million per
year to nearly 1
billion doses per year” by the end of 2010, and the numbers
have steadily continued
to rise yearly (2017). Additionally, 14 developing countries
have been awarded
grants from WHO to establish in-country manufacturing
capacity for influenza
vaccines to prevent and treat influenza (GAP, 2017). Moreover,
significant progress
has been achieved with new vaccine formulations. Regular
consultations have been
conducted to bring together vaccine researchers and public
health professionals to
discuss pandemic influenza vaccines and vaccines that can
potentially induce broader
spectrum and longer lasting immunity against both seasonal and
pandemic influenza
strains (GAP, 2017). Also, according to Global Action Plan
(2017) sharing of

9. research information has been made possible through a non-
restricted internet based
database to facilitate data sharing on clinical trials. This is
updated and
complemented with data from technical meetings, publications,
and direct contacts
with manufacturers.
Conclusion
From the time of the first documented global pandemic, which
contributed to an estimated
300,000 deaths worldwide, science has been researching and
monitoring influenza (Influenza,
2017). Through initiatives between joint stakeholders much
progress has been made toward
decreasing the number of deaths per year as well as other
serious complications related to
influenza (GAP, 2017). The best line of treatment will always
be preventing and control through
vaccination, early detection, and meticulous hand hygiene.
References
Abramson, J. (2011). Inside the 2009 Influenza Pandemic.
World Scientific Publishing
Company, 2011. Retrieved from

10. http://www.worldscientific.com/doi/abs/10.1142/978981434357
2_0001
Edelman, C. L., & Mandle, C. L. (2006).
Health promotion throughout the
life span
(6th ed.). St.
Louis, MO: Mosby Elsevier.
Global Action Plan. (2017). World Health Organization (WHO).
Global action plan for influenza
vaccines (GAP) Retrieved from
http://www.who.int/influenza_vaccines_plan/en/
Influenza. (2017). World Health Organization (WHO). Influenza
surveillance outputs Retrieved
from
http://www.who.int/influenza/resources/charts/en/
Tam, J., & Sellwood, C. (2013). Pandemic Influenza. CABI,
2013. Retrieved from
http://www.worldcat.org/title/pandemic-
influenza/oclc/798303591
Walton, B. E. (2016). Influenza Pandemic and Other Bugs.
Ohio Nurses Review
,
91
(6), 20-30.
Wang, Q., & Tao, Y. (2010).

11. Molecular Virology
. Horizon Scientific Press.
Topic 3
INFLUENZA(FLU)
Diane Boll, Lisa Hart, Risper Ireri
Grand Canyon University: NUR 508
12-20-2017
Influenza is a cross-community pandemic hence requires
attention from all sectors involved in maintaining a
community’s welfare. Therefore both the public and the private
sectors are involved in funding for initiatives to address
influenza and such is achieved through:
For the public sector;
State agencies; which are permanent or temporally bodies
appointed by the government and assigned to oversee and
administer in different areas within the state. State agencies
which are designated with the responsibility to monitor the
health sector and related programs actively provide public
funding in such states ("Funding Applications.org : Choose
Application", 2017).
Federal agencies; are special government organizations set up
for the purpose to manage its resources and offering financial
oversight to ensure accountability. Such units are sources of

12. public funding to initiatives that address flu in the society
("Funding Applications.org : Choose Application", 2017).
Private corporations; are small business units held by non-
governmental bodies or a small group of shareholders which
offer products and services to the public. Such organizations
offer funds to initiatives directed towards ending the influenza
pandemic as a way of giving back to the society as an ethical
practice ("Funding Applications.org : Choose Application",
2017).
Private foundations; are non-profit companies which are created
through an initial donation from an individual or a firm and the
donated funds are managed by the foundation’s trustees and
directors. Initiatives aimed at the control and prevention of
influenza getting funding from all active private organizations
to facilitate their running ("Funding Applications.org : Choose
Application", 2017).
Quality initiatives that address influenza pandemic;
Well calculated and predetermined emergency actions; since the
pandemic attacks as a surprise emergency programs have been
put across as initiatives to stay ready to tackle it anytime, it
knocks hence the health sector has reached a milestone in
fighting it (Wang & Tao, 2010).
Prevention and preparedness to control the effects of the
pandemic; prevention measures against the pandemic include: -
reducing human exposure to influenza virus which is attained
through enlightening the public on the flu and away to possibly
stay free from it. Secondly strengthening early warning systems
which make it possible to note any trace of the flu at its initial
stages and initiate the efforts required to stop its effects. And
thirdly, having adequately developed flu containment operations
(Wang & Tao, 2010).

13. Preparedness is achieved by having a well build up capacity to
cope with the pandemic and critically investing in developing
new pandemic vaccines and antiviral drugs. Readiness to deal
with the situation just in case it attacks is key to addressing the
pandemic (Wang & Tao, 2010).
Being insured versus being uninsured impacts health outcomes
related to influenza differ. Because insured person is covered
against all the dangers that may accrue to him or her as a result
of exposure to the flu hence that is an initiative to enable
persons to remain focused on their daily tasks (Wang & Tao,
2010).
On the other hand, uninsured individuals do not have any cover
or preventative/ control measure that stands between them and
the flu. Therefore in case they are exposed to it thus its impact
will relatively be all over them hence they are not stable enough
while getting through their day to day activities hence the
community suffers some loss (Wang & Tao, 2010).
References
Funding Applications.org : Choose Application
. (2017).
Fundingapplications.com
. Retrieved 15 December 2017, from
https://www.fundingapplications.com/index.php
Wang, Q., & Tao, Y. (2010).
Influenza: Molecuar Virology
. Horizon Scientific, Press, 2010.