In this topic take about public health microbiology because of people are not aware about virus or disease vaccine is more essential for human being save our lives from the virus it is major requirements for people

1. PUBLIC HEALTH MICROBILOGY
Public health awareness about vaccine
SUBMITTED BY
SYED ANWAR.A(BP211516),
I M.SC.,MICROBIOLOGY,
SACRED HEART COLLEGE,
TIRUPATTUR.

2. Public health awareness about vaccine
Immunization saves millions of lives and is widely recognized as one of the world’s most successful and cost-effective
health interventions.
 Vaccines save up to 3 million lives each year worldwide from infectious diseases, such as hepatitis, diphtheria, tetanus,
pertussis (whooping cough), measles and polio.
 Still, despite the proven effectiveness of vaccines and the tens of millions of
lives they have saved, an estimated 400 000 people die needlessly every year in the Western Pacific Region from
diseases that vaccines could prevent. Every year, up to 800 000 children go unvaccinated and more than 3.2 million
children live in districts with immunization coverage of less than 80%.
 The goal of World Immunization Week is to urge greater action on immunization. In 2018, focus was given to
highlighting the role that everyone parents, health-care workers, policy-makers, media, and
ultimately
everyone – can play by working together to ensure that every child in every country gets the vaccines they need.
 This year’s theme: “Protected Together, VaccinesWork”, encourages people to go further in their efforts to
increase immunization coverage for the greater
good.

3.  Measurement of the population's general knowledge of the coronavirus vaccine is
very important to improve public acceptance and decrease vaccine hesitancy in
confronting the disease.
 This study aimed to evaluate the knowledge, attitude, and practices of the participants
towards the coronavirus vaccine. Data were collected using an
online survey, in the form of a structured questionnaire, conducted during April-May
2021 in Egypt, and subjects from all over Egypt participated.
 The questionnaire was divided into three parts to assess the knowledge and attitude
regarding coronavirus. The first part was to assess participants'
experience about coronavirus infection (eight items), the second was to assess the
health beliefs about coronavirus and vaccine (16 items) and the third was to assess
general knowledge, attitude, and practices of the participants towards vaccine (28
items).

4.  A total of 871 (465 females) participants participated, 81% of them were still committed
to the precautionary measures for protection. Eighty-eight percent of them accepted to
take the vaccine. Eighty-three percent of the participants answered that they will
encourage family, friends, and colleagues to get the vaccine.
 Ninety-four percent knew that the coronavirus vaccine provides immunity against
infection for a period of 6-12 months. 91.9% believed that the current
infection with coronavirus is one of the main contraindications to vaccination.
 Eighty-nine percent believed that both pregnant women and chronic disease patients can
get vaccinated and also that there is no specific age for a specific type of vaccination.
Ninety-four percent of them knew that subjects taking
immunosuppressive drugs should be prescribed Sinopharm, not AstraZeneca vaccine.
 The median score of this survey was 20/22 regarding knowledge about the coronavirus
vaccine. Overall, the study participants had good knowledge about the coronavirus
vaccine and accepted to take the vaccine, which
indicates the highly commendable efforts to confront the coronavirus.

5. Why should we vaccinate?
Vaccines and childhood immunization are vital practices to protecting yourself,
your children, and the entire population from contracting dangerous diseases and
from preventing outbreaks and pandemics.
As we are experiencing now with COVID-19, pandemics are scary, life- changing
and affect much more than just our health and daily lives. Vaccines protect against
diseases that have the possibility to become pandemics, and by continuously
vaccinating, it is even possible for diseases to become completely eliminated –
for example, smallpox.

6. How do vaccines work?
 Vaccines create immunity in the body. When a virus infects the body, the immune system responds to this antigen
with antibodies designed to fight it. The first time the body is infected with a specific antigen, the immune system
must create those antibodies, which is why you get sick. But if that antigen infects you again, the immune system
can recognize it, already has those antibodies, and can fight it off before you get sick.
 Vaccines help this process by containing parts of the antigens that are weak
enough to not infect you but are still strong enough to elicit an immune response – giving the body protection if
ever exposed to this disease again in the future.
Do vaccines cause side effects? Are there risks?
 Vaccines can cause minor side effects. These are usually very mild, like a sore arm at the site of the shot or a low-
grade fever, and only last a few days. Like any medication or medical treatment, vaccines are clinically tested for
safety and continuously monitored to ensure no adverse side effects are experienced.
 Also like any medication, some individuals may have a more serious reaction and need medical attention. But
this is very rare. The protective benefits
vaccines provide greatly outweigh the risks of side effects. As always though, discuss the risks and benefits
vaccines provide with your doctor.

7. What diseases do vaccines prevent?
Vaccines protect against many dangerous viruses and diseases
that without protection can have serious health consequences
like disability or death. These include:
 Chickenpox (Varicella), Diphtheria, Flu (Influenza)
 Hepatitis A, Hepatitis B, Hib (Haemophilus influenzae
type b)
 (Human Papillomavirus, Measles, Meningococcal
(Meningitis)
 Mumps, Pneumococcal (Pneumonia), Polio
(Poliomyelitis)
 Rotavirus, Rubella (German Measles), Shingles (Herpes
Zoster)
 Tetanus (Lockjaw), Whooping Cough (Pertussis)

8. What is Vaccine Research and Development?
 Another important part of immunization is ongoing vaccine research and development. For example, COVID-19
was just introduced to humans this year– meaning no one had built-up immunity for it, nor was there a vaccine
to protect against it.
 Currently, researchers, scientists, doctors, and pharmaceutical companies are working hard to develop a vaccine
for COVID-19 so that people all over the
world can be protected from this deadly disease.
What would a vaccine mean for COVID-19 specifically?
 COVID-19 has affected over one million people in the United States alone. As that number continues to rise
across the nation and globe, researchers are hoping to develop a vaccine that would help treat the disease and
limit its spread – a vital practice with a disease as contagious as COVID-19.
 Vaccines, in general, are effective in limiting the spread of disease by providing immunity. When individuals are
immune to a disease, they are unable to be infected by it, which means they will not be able to pass it on to
others either.
SUBMITTED BY,
SYEDANWAR.A