2. Contributing Factors
Industrial Revolution began in Great Britain
Why?
Increasing population and the enclosure movement forced
people to move to cities
Britain had a large supply of money and natural resources
needed for Industrialization
A free society and large empire meant having a lot of places to
sell manufactured goods
3. Changes in Cotton Production
Cotton production started Spinning Jenny
as a cottage industry
1764 James Hargreaves
invented the spinning
jenny
Cartwright invented a
water powered loom 1787
James Watt improved the
steam engine in 1760’s
Demand for and
production of factory made
cotton cloth increased
dramatically
4. More Industrial Revolution Improvements
Coal and Iron Industries Railroads
Coal was needed to run First steam-powered locomotive
steam engines ran in 1804 (5mph)
Coal was abundant in Britain First public railway opened 1830
(16mph)
New methods of using coal
aided the iron industry Railroads made it easier to
transport goods
Puddling: coke (a coal Railroad expansion had a ripple
derivative) was used to effect
purify crude iron Created more jobs and cheaper
transportation
Resulted in higher-quality iron Cheaper transportation made cheaper
and increase in iron industry goods
Britain produced more iron Cheaper goods meant more sales
than the rest of the world More sales led to more factories and
combined more economic growth
5. Spread of Industrialization
Spread first from Britain to Western Europe
Taken across to the U.S. where industrialization
spread very quickly
Railroads helped to unite the large country
Asia was slower to industrialize because they were
hesitant to change their culture and adopt western
ways.
Japan was the first to accept Western technology
6. Social Impacts of Revolution
European population grew because of less deaths (less
wars, less diseases, etc)
Cities expanded because people moved there looking for
work in factories
New social class emerged- industrial middle class
(factory owners)
Industrial workers worked 12-16 hr days 6 days a week
No min wage, no benefits, and no job protection
Dangerous working conditions
Women and Children often worked – made less money
Many workers advocated socialism – when the
government owns and controls the economy
