data mentah

1. Relative Clauses
Ferdian Hapreda Januardo
Faiqotul Fikriah

2. The Meaning
• A relative clauses is used to form one
sentence from two separate sentences.
• The relative pronoun replaces one of two
identical noun phrases and relates the clauses
to each other.

3. Pronoun
• That
• Which
• Who
• Whom
• Whose

4. Use in formal English
• Things
• Things
• People
• People
• Usually people

5. • The relative pronoun completely replaces a
duplicate noun phrase.
• There can be no regular pronoun along with
the relative pronoun.

6. Example
• Incorrect : This is the book that I bought it at
the bookstore
• Correct : This is the book that I bought at the
bookstore

7. Who / Whom
• Who is used when the noun phrase being
replaced is in the subject position of the
sentence.
• Whom is used when it is from the
complement position.
• Cosinder the following sentences
The men are angry. The men are in this room
who + verb
whom + noun

8. • The men (the men are in this room) are angry
subject
• The men who are in this room are angry
• The men are angry. I don’t like the men
• The men (I don’t like the men) are angry
complement
• The men whom I don’t like are angry

9. Restrictive and nonrestrictive clauses
• A relative clauses can be either restrictive nonrestrictive.
• A restrictive clauses is one that cannot be omitted from a
sentence if the sentence is to keep its original meaning.
• A nonrestrictive clause contains additional information
which is not required to give the clause by commas and a
restrictive clause is not.
• Who,whom, and which can be used in restrictive or
nonrestrictive clauses.
• That can be used only in restrictive clauses.
• Normally, that is the preferred word to use in a restrictive
clause, although which is acceptable.
• TOEFL does not test the use of which and that in restrictive
clauses.

10. Example
• Restrictive : Weeds that float to the surface
should be removed before they decay.
• (We are not speaking of all weeds, only those
that float to the surface. Thus, the sentence is
restrictive, if ‘’that float to the surface’’. Were
omitted, the sentence would have a different
meaning)

11. • Nonrestrictive : My car, which is very large,
uses too much gasoline.
• (The fact that my car is very large is additional
information and not important to the rest of
the sentence. Notice that is not possible to
use the pronoun that in place of which in this
sentence)

12. Examples of rekative clauses
• Dr. Jones is the only doctor whom I have seen
about this problem.
• Hurricanes that are born off the coast of Africa
often prove to be the mosr deadly