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Relative Clauses (alsoRelative Clauses (also known as Adjective known as Adjective Clauses) Clauses) Jennifer Castillo Solis

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What is an adjective clauses?• An adjective clauses modifies a noun. It describes or gives information about a noun.• An adjective clause follows a noun

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Some examples are…• I met a man who is kind to everyone• I met a woman who is a famous poet• I met a girl who lives in Chicago.• What is the noun in each sentence?• What is the adjective clause?

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How to Recognize an adjective clause• First it will contain a subject and a verb• Next it will begin with a relative pronoun (who, whom, whose, that, which) or a relative adverb (when, where, why)

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Recognizing an adjective clause• Finally, it will function as a adjective answering the questions• What kind• How many• Which one

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Follow this pattern• Adjective clause will have one of these two patterns:• Relative noun or adverb+subject+verb• Relative pronoun as subject+ verb

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There are two kinds of clauses:• Independent• Dependent

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Independent Clauses• Independent clauses can complete a sentence all by themselves• Example:• We are studying grammar.• ¨We¨ is the Subject• ¨Are studying¨ is the verb

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Questions and Independent Clauses• A complete question can also be considered an independent clause• Example:• What are you doing?• Have you lost your mind?

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An order or command and Independent Clauses• A command or an order can also be considered an independent clause• Example:• ¨Stand up for your rights¨• ¨Get out right now¨

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Dependent Clauses are different…• A dependent clauses needs something else in order to be complete• Example:• ¨After you finish…¨• Finish what? You need to know more information, this is the first half of a dependent clause

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There are several kinds of dependent clauses:• Adverb Clauses• Noun Clauses• Adjective Clauses

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Adverb Clauses• Adverb clauses are attached to dependent clauses• Example:• I will finish this presentation, after I take a cat nap.• The underlined part is the adverb clause

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Noun Clauses• Noun clauses are dependent clauses that take the place of single nouns• They can be used anywhere nouns can be used: as subjects or objects

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More on Noun Clauses• Usually begin with ¨that¨ or a wh- word ( who, whom, what, why, where, when)• ¨That¨ can be removed if there is another subject in the clause

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Noun Clauses continued• Noun clauses can be used as subjects in place of simple nouns.• Example:• Mary saw the robbery.

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Even more on noun clauses• In place of simple nouns a noun clause can also be used as objects after verbs or prepositions• Examples:• I believe you.• I belive you are right.

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Adjective Clauses• An adjective clause is similar to a noun clause in the sense that wh- words and that are used as pronouns to introduce the clause

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More on Adjective clauses• An adjective clause can be used to describe or modify a noun• Can be used in place of a single adjective• Should follow the noun it modifies

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Practice time• What is the adjective clause in the following sentence?:• The man who is riding a bicycle is the new president of the company.

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Answer….• The sentence was: The man who is riding a bicycle is the new president of the company.• The answer is: man who is riding a bicycle• The idea was ¨The man is the president of the company¨

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One more try…• ¨Maria, whose birthday we are celebrating is transferring to the university next quarter.¨• What is the adjective clause?

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The answer was…• ¨whose birthday we are celebrating¨• The original idea was Maria transferring to a university next quarter

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Important to Remember• The adjective clause has to inmediately follow the word that it describes

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Adjective reminder• If the adjective clause is placed in the wrong spot is becomes a dangling modifier• Example:• ¨My aunt is on vacation, who lives in Newark¨

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The correct way should be…• My aunt who lives in Newark is on vacation.

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There are two kinds of adjective clauses:• Restrictive• Non Restrictive

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Sneak peak at restrictiveand non restrictive clauses:Restrictive Clause Non restrictive clauseare necessary for are interesting, likeidentification—tell gossip, but don’t“which one” identify or tell “which one”DO NOT have ALWAYS havecommas around clause commas around clause

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Restrictive Clauses• Important to remember that restrictive clauses help in identifying• Telling which one is doing to activity

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Example time• The man who is blowing the whistle is the coach.The restrictive clause identifies who the person that is blowing the whistle

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Non Restrictive Clauses• Are not as specific in identifying as the restrictive clauses• Include the use of commas are the clause

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Example time• The man was whistling which was annoying.• This is vague and does not indicate which man was whistling.

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Coordination• Coordination is a useful way of connecting ideas that are roughly equal in importance. But often we need to show that one idea in a sentence is more important than another

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Example:• How can this sentence be combined? My father is a superstitious man. He always sets his unicorn traps at night.

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Answer…When the sentences are coordinated in this way, each main clause is given equal emphasis.My father is a superstitious man, and he always sets his unicorn traps at night.

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Subordination• Subordination is needed to indicate that one part of a sentence is secondary (or subordinate) to another part.• Commonly used in adjective clauses

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Subordination…• What if we want to place greater emphasis on one statement than on another?• We then have the option of reducing the less important statement to an adjective clause.

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Example…• My father, who is a superstitious man, always sets his unicorn traps at night.

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As a Reminder….• It is important to remember that relative clauses are quite extensive and can take some time to fully understand.• However practice makes perfect…

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Thank you for your attention