The document outlines a week 6 scenario in BUS407 focusing on selecting an effective training method for a call center, highlighting that a lecture/discussion approach is preferable due to its interactive nature and cost-effectiveness. It emphasizes addressing communication issues among employees while keeping expenditures low, indicating that immediate implementation is necessary. Additionally, it touches on historical context regarding the complexities of racial issues and the legacy of the Freedmen’s Bureau, emphasizing the ongoing struggle for civil rights and equality.

1. BUS407 Week 6 Scenario Script: Selecting the Training Method
Slide #
Scene/Interaction
Narration
Slide 1
Scene 1
Deborah’s Office
Deborah: Hello again!
Last week, all of our activities were focused on the design of
our training objective.
We reviewed the critical components of a good training
objective.
Remember, a good training objective must specify the desired
outcome, the conditions, and the standards.
Now, we have to decide what training method to use to
guarantee that we achieve our objective.
Slide 2
Scene 2
Taormina’s Conference Room
Deborah: We know we must implement this training
immediately. Remember, sales are slow and we must address the
call center’s communication problem. This will enhance the
performance of the employees.
We also know that Taormina is not willing to spend an excess of
money to fix this issue. So we have to review our options while
controlling the cost and time of execution.
I suggest reviewing the traditional training models first.

2. The traditional training methods are StraightLecture,
Lecture/Discussion, Games and Simulations, and On-the-job
training.
Now we have to decide which one is the best option for us.
Let’s see…
Slide 3
Interaction
This will be a tabbed interaction that describes each of the
training method options for Taormina. This includes Straight
Lecture, Lecture/Discussions, Games and Simulations, and On-
The-Job-Training.
Slide 4
Check Your Understanding
Which of the following training method could be the best option
to deliver our training program?
Straight Lecture: Incorrect! The StraightLecture training
method is a presentation of information by the trainer. This is a
good training method when the objective is to inform about a
particular topic. When using this training method, only the
trainer has an active role. Participants remain passive.
Remember, we must address a communication issue among co-
workers. Therefore, we need a training method that allows
participants to take a more dynamic role during the training.
Lecture/Discussions: Correct! The Lecture/Discussion method
uses a lecturette to provide trainees with information that is
supported, reinforced, and expanded on through interactions
among the participants and the trainer. This training method
allows participants to practice lessons learned. The trainer can
achieve complex learning objectives using sequenced lectures
followed by immediate discussion and questioning sessions.
Games and Simulations: Incorrect! These training methods add
high level of interaction. However, the cost of implementation

3. might be a limitation here.
On-the-job training: Incorrect! On-the-job training is the
preferred method for training employees for new technology and
increasing skills in the use of existing technology. In our case,
we are in need of developing communication skills among
employees. Therefore, this is not the right answer.
Deborah’s Feedback: Incorrect! The StraightLecture training
method is a presentation of information by the trainer. This is a
good training method when the objective is to inform about a
particular topic. When using this training method, only the
trainer has an active role. Participants remain passive.
Remember, we must address a communication issue among co-
workers. Therefore, we need a training method that allows
participants to take a more dynamic role during the training.
Deborah’s Feedback: Correct! The Lecture/Discussion method
uses a lecturette to provide trainees with information that is
supported, reinforced, and expanded on through interactions
among the participants and the trainer. This training method
allows participants to practice lessons learned. The trainer can
achieve complex learning objectives using sequenced lectures
followed by immediate discussion and questioning sessions.
Deborah’s Feedback: Incorrect! These training methods add
high level of interaction. However, the cost of implementation
might be a limitation here.
Deborah’s Feedback: Incorrect! On-the-job training is the
preferred method for training employees for new technology and
increasing skills in the use of existing technology. In our case,
we are in need of developing communication skills among
employees. Therefore, this is not the right answer.
Slide 5
Scene 4
Deborah’s office
Deborah: Great job completing this activity.

4. I agree with you! Lecture/discussion is the most appropriate
traditional training method to use for the call center.
Remember, using the lecture/discussion training method you can
add questioning as a powerful tool for starting discussion.
Questioning helps the trainer determine whether trainees
understand the information correctly. It also helps create a
common understanding.
Deborah: Now, let’s tell Ron about the training method we have
chosen.
Slide 6
Scene 5
Ron’s office
Ron: Hi Deborah! How are you?
Deborah: I’m great Ron, and you?
Ron: I’m fine too!
Deborah: We have some good news for you. We are planning to
deliver the training program for your people using a
lecture/discussion training method.
This method will keep your cost low and guarantee fast
execution.
Ron: Can you explain this a little more? I’m not familiar with
different types of training methods.
Deborah: Sure! The lecture/discussion method is a traditional
training method that uses a combination of lectures and
interactive group discussions. The cost will be controlled,
because everything will be managed in-house.
We are not going to have an external speaker, which can
sometimes become pricy. My training specialist will act as the
trainer for the program.
And best of all, we could conduct the training in just three

5. weeks!
Ron: That’s sounds fantastic!
Deborah: I’m glad you think so. We’ll start developing the
training right away.
Slide 7
Scene 6
Deborah’s office
Deborah: Let’s review what we have done today.
All of our activities focused on determining the best training
method to deliver our training program.
We reviewed the traditional training methods.
We determined the most appropriate training method based on
the two initial variables- cost and time of execution.
Well done!
Please participate in discussions about the topics we covered
today, as well as completing relevant e-Activities.
See you soon!
The Souls of Black Folk (1903)
By
W.E.B. Du Bois
I have seen a land right merry with the sun, where children sing,
and rolling hills lie like passioned women wanton with harvest.
And there in the King's Highways sat and sits a figure veiled
and bowed, by which the traveller's footsteps hasten as they go.

6. On the tainted air broods fear. Three centuries' thought has
been the raising and unveiling of
that bowed human heart, and now behold a century new for the
duty and the deed. The problem of the Twentieth Century is the
problem of the color-line.
*
On the word
Historical Context:
Writing in the Wake of a failed Reconstruction
1868 and 1870: The fourteenth and fifteenth amendments pass
to recognize black Americans as U.S. citizens, to grant the right
to vote, and to provide equal protection under the law.
1865: Freedman's Bureau Bill, which created the Freedman's
Bureau, was initiated by President Abraham Lincoln and was
intended to last for one year after the end of the Civil War. It
was passed on March 3, 1865, by Congress to aid former slaves
through legal food and housing, oversight, education, health
care, and employment contracts with private landowners. It
became a key agency during Reconstruction, assisting freedmen
in the South. The Bureau was part of the Unit. Headed by Union
Army General Oliver Howard, the Bureau was operational from
1865 to 1872. It was disbanded under President Ulysses S.
Grant. At the end of the war, the Bureau's main role was
providing emergency food, housing, and medical aid to
refugees, though it also helped reunite families. Later, it
focused its work on helping the freedmen adjust to their
conditions of freedom. Its main job was setting up work
opportunities and supervising labor contracts. It soon became,
in effect, a military court that handled legal issues.
1872: The modest gains of Reconstruction begin to be violently

7. curtailed, racial terrorism and local politics conspired to keep
blacks from the polls, limitations are placed on black
employment opportunities and property ownership, and
interracial marriages are made illegal.
1884-1900- Over 2000 Blacks are lynched in systematic
attempts to deny the voting franchise.
1895- Booker T. Washington delivers his “Atlanta Compromise”
1896- Plessy vs Ferguson- The Supreme Court’s decision marks
the abysmal failures of the promises of Reconstruction
*
Note his dissertation
The Failure of Reconstruction Part I
“The Dawn of Freedom” and
the Promise of the Freedmen’s Bureau
The passing of a great human institution before its work is
done, like the untimely passing of a single soul, but leaves a
legacy of striving for other men. The legacy of the Freedmen's
Bureau is the heavy heritage of this generation. To-day, when
new and vaster problems are destined to strain every fibre of the
national mind and soul, would it not be well to count this legacy
honestly and carefully? For this much all men know: despite
compromise, war, and struggle, the Negro is not free. In the
backwoods of the Gulf States, for miles and miles, he may not
leave the plantation of his birth; in well-nigh the whole rural
South the black farmers are peons, bound by law and custom to
an economic slavery, from which the only escape is death or the
penitentiary. In the most cultured sections and cities of the
South the Negroes are a segregated servile caste, with restricted

8. rights and privileges. Before the courts, both in law and
custom, they stand on a different and peculiar basis. Taxation
without representation is the rule of their political life. And the
result of all this is, and in nature must have been, lawlessness
and crime. That is the large legacy of the Freedmen's Bureau,
the work it did not do because it could not.
*The Success and Failures of the Freedmen’s Bureau as the
“heavy heritage” of the New Negro.From slavery to peonage
and second-class citizenship
“The Atlanta Compromise” (1895)
Gentlemen of the Exposition, as we present to you our humble
effort at an exhibition of our progress, you must not expect
overmuch. Starting thirty years ago with ownership here and
there in a few quilts and pumpkins and chickens (gathered from
miscellaneous sources), remember the path that has led from
these to the inventions and production of agricultural
implements, buggies, steam-engines, newspapers, books,
statuary, carving, paintings, the management of drug stores and
banks, has not been trodden without contact with thorns and
thistles. While we take pride in what we exhibit as a result of
our independent efforts, we do not for a moment forget that our
part in this exhibition would fall far short of your expectations
but for the constant help that has come to our educational life,
not only from the Southern states, but especially from Northern
philanthropists, who have made their gifts a constant stream of
blessing and encouragement. The wisest among my race
understand that the agitation of questions of social equality is
the extremist folly, and that progress in the enjoyment of all the
privileges that will come to us must be the result of severe and
constant struggle rather than of artificial forcing. No race that
has anything to contribute to the markets of the world is long in

9. any degree ostracized. It is important and right that all
privileges of the law be ours, but it is vastly more important
that we be prepared for the exercise of these privileges. The
opportunity to earn a dollar in a factory just now is worth
infinitely more than the opportunity to spend a dollar in an
opera-house.
*
Talking points,
National hero
Industrial education
Difficult position
Radical scapegoat/ sellout/ or American hero- Here- he is
though advocating first and foremost
WORK-Servan-Hehel
“Of Mr. Booker T. Washington and Others” and “The Atlanta
Compromise” (1895)
Mr. Washington distinctly asks that black people give up, at
least for the present, three things,--
First, political power,
Second, insistence on civil rights,Third, higher education of
Negro youth,--and concentrate all their energies on industrial
education, and accumulation of wealth, and the conciliation of
the South. This policy has been courageously and insistently
advocated for over fifteen years, and has been triumphant for
perhaps ten years. As a result of this tender of the palm-branch,
what has been the return? In these years there have occurred:
1. The disfranchisement of the Negro.
2. The legal creation of a distinct status of civil inferiority
forthe Negro.
3. The steady withdrawal of aid from institutions for the higher
training of the Negro.

10. The question then comes: Is it possible, and probable, that nine
millions of men can make effective progress in economic lines
if they are deprived of political rights,made a servile caste, and
allowed only the most meagre chance for developing their
exceptional men? If history and reason give any distinct answer
to these questions, it is an emphatic NO. And Mr.Washington
thus faces the triple paradox of his career.
*
Talking Points
(Du Bois’ retorts)EnfranchisementCivic EqualityEducation
according to ability
The Failure of Reconstruction Part II :
“The Nation has not yet found peace from its sins; the freedman
has not yet found in freedom his promised land.”
The bright ideals of the past,--physical freedom, political
power, the training of brains and the training of hands,--all
these in turn have waxed and waned, until even the last grows
dim and overcast. Are they all wrong,--all false? No, not that,
but each alone was over-simple and incomplete,--the dreams of
a credulous race-childhood, or the fond imaginings of the other
world which does not know and does not want to know our
power. To be really true, all these ideals must be melted and
welded into one. The training of the schools we need to-day
more than ever,--the training of deft hands, quick eyes and ears,
and above all the broader, deeper, higher culture of gifted minds
and pure hearts. The power of the ballot we need in sheer self-

11. defence,--else what shall save us from a second slavery?
Freedom, too, the long-sought, we still seek,--the freedom of
life and limb, the freedom to work and think, the freedom to
love and aspire. Work, culture, liberty,--all these we need, not
singly but together, not successively but together, each growing
and aiding each, and all striving toward that vaster ideal that
swims before the Negro people, the ideal of human brotherhood,
gained through the unifying ideal of Race; the ideal of fostering
and developing the traits and talents of the Negro, not in
opposition to or contempt for other races, but rather in large
conformity to the greater ideals of the American Republic, in
order that some day on American soil two world-races may give
each to each those characteristics both so sadly lack.
*
Talking Points:The BallotThe Negro Problem as a test of the
RepublicThe partnership of Work, Culture, and LibertyCompare
Du Bois’s concerns with Hegel’s nationalist progression
towards “Absolute Spirit.”Du Bois’s second and third ideal
states? From Athens to Germany.The American Republic as
unrealized synthesis
Langston Hughes
*
2
Master/Slave Then-Dialecical-History-reconfrontation,
Who else is being refashioned
Blindness of the master, does it compar to they’re blindness?
Eat-wel-go strong- Dialectic
Beauty/ Shame (virtue- Plato
Double Consciounsess

12. National Synthesis (Hegel) in Beauty (Plato)
America juxtaposed against dr brother, making it continental,
not pre historu
2
Why look at black/white mixing?
Barometer of race relations in US
Fears of and desire for the product of race mixing
Historically used as justification for slavery, immigration
legislation
2
To understand Barak’s portrayal in the media – or more
precisely, how he’s hailed, interpellated, produced (Althusser) –
have to understand m-r in US
3
4
For example, How has Obama been described?
Black
African American
Kenyan father, white mother
Biracial

13. Mixed-race
Post-racial
Colorblind
5
Note on the term “mulatto”
OED (Spanish and Portuguese etymology)
animalism: “mulatto young mule, hence one of mixed race”
sickness like “mulatto jack” meaning “a term for yellow fever”
“mulatto complexion”: unfortunately “tawny” in color
Antiquated term still in limited circulation
Is NOT considered a neutral descriptor
5
In popular circles “mulatto” has regained popularity and
circulates throughout US culture. On the sitcom Will and
Grace, a racist character is mocked for lamenting the existence
of his “bastard mulatto grandson.” On the sitcom Scrubs, a
white character JD is enticed by black and white Milano
cookies, which he lovingly and mistakenly calls “mulattoes”
before being reprimanded by his Black best friend, Turk, and
Turk’s Latina wife Carla. On NPR the Asian American novelist
Don Lee casually described his Black/white female character in
Country of Origin (2004) as “a mulatto.”
6
Anti-Miscegenation Laws
Jamestown: “mulattoes” – “spurious issue” and “abominable
mixture”
First anti-miscegenation laws in VA and MD in 1660s
First the laws criminalized marriages b/t whites and black
indentured servants and slaves
then in 1690s b/t all whites and blacks, slave, free, or

14. indentured. Based on RACE not servitude.
Justifications: religion, eugenics, economics
All states except CT, NH, NY, NJ, VT, DC, WI, MN, HI, AL
7
Loving V. Virginia, 1967
Ruled down centuries of anti-miscegenation laws
Cited civil rights advances to argue that “antimiscegenation
laws unconstitutionally discriminated on the basis of race in
violation of equal protection and that they interfered with the
fundamental right to marry under the due process clause”
Sixteen states had on books at time
8
One drop rule/hypodescent
Anyone with any amount of black blood is considered black
Aided chattel slavery (reproduction of more slaves), Jim Crow
(clarification of segregation), and consolidation of white power
and privilege
Can be seen as a positive thing because helped draw strength in
numbers for Black Americans
9
1896, Plessy v. Ferguson
Homer Plessy (an “octoroon” could not ride in white railway
car)
Separate but equal
One drop rule of hypodescent
Crow laws

15. 10
1954, Brown v. Board of Education
"separate educational facilities are inherently unequal"
Actual desegregation occurred through Civil Rights Act of 1964
(title II)
11
Representation of the Tragic Mulatto
Hypersexual
Desirable
Overly emotional
Largely female (or feminized)
Irrational
Cunning
Prone to insanity
Seen throughout popular culture: some date to Lydia Marie
Child’s novels The Quadroons (1842) and Slavery’s Pleasant
Homes (1843)
12
Eugenics, scientific racism, and the mulatto
Mulattoes used to discern biological distance or proximity
between blacks and whites
Civil war anthropometric studies (of virtually every body part):
result that blacks inferior to whites and mulattoes inferior to
both “parent” groups
13
Hybrid degeneracy theory
“mulattoes – like mules – tend to be barren…[as]…no species of
animals in the natural world was known to have developed from
the union of two separate species”
Part of biological determinism – different races are different

16. species
Greatest popularity from late 1800s until around 1910
14
Edward Reuter, The Mulatto in the United States (1918)
“Psychologically the mulatto is an unstable type [because]
between these two groups, one admiring and the other
despising, stand the mixed bloods…They are uncertain of their
own worth; conscious of their superiority to the native they are
nowhere sure of their equality with the superior group.”
“narrative of tragedy”: “[mulattos] envy the white, aspire to
equality with them, and are embittered when the realization of
such ambition is denied them. They are a dissatisfied and an
unhappy group.”
15
Everett Stonequist, The Marginal Man (1937)
“mixed blood’s” liminal position, being “torn between two
courses of action,” results in a psychological dysfunction with a
“nervous strain,” self-absorption, and hypersensitivity because
of “racial disharmony,” “clash of blood” and an “unstable
genetic constitution.”
Note the biological, and hence unchangeable, nature of this
description.
Park celebrated marginal man as “modern” creation whose
cosmopolitan nature allowed him to move between identity
categories
15
Robert Park’s theory of taxonomically in-between “marginal
man,” originally devised for Jews and other white ethnics

17. Extends to “racially hybridized people” (“Mulattoes of the
United States,” “Eurasians/Anglo-Indians of India,” “Cape
Coloured of South Africa,” “Coloured Peoples of Jamaica,”
“Indo-Europeans of Java,” “Part Hawaiians,” “Metis of Brazil”)
16
Theories of Multiracial Exceptionalism
Proximity to whiteness gives value
Race mixture = progress
Novelist Charles Chestnutt (“The Future American,” House
Behind the Cedars, 1900)
17
U.S. Census
First U.S. Census taken in 1790
Taken every 10 yrs; 22 taken
Enumerate population for congressional seats, government
programs
Highly political, always contested
Census categories on race and ethnicity shift virtually every
census
Census 2000: http://www.census.gov/
18
EX: Changing Census Categories for “Black” individuals
1790: Slave (3/5 of a person)
1850: Black, Mulatto
1890: Black, Mulatto, Quadroon, Octoroon
1900: Negro
1910: Black, Mulatto
1930: Negro
2000: Check All That Apply

18. 19
In the 1980s, civil rights gains spurred a conservative backlash
mixed-race bodies began to be celebrated and politically
recognized
20
Multiracial Category (to Check all that apply): Census 2000
“What does race mean when so many Americans cannot fill out
their census forms because they’re an amalgam of races?”
Newt Gingrich, May 21, 1997
21
2.4% of U.S. Pop “Check All”
Twice as many children under 18
Hawaii (21%), OK (5%), CA (5%)
63 combinations
White and some other race (32%)
White and American Indian (16%)
White and Asian (13%)
White and Black (12%)
Black and some other race (6%)
Marketing Multiracials as Commodities

19. Multicultural Utopias in Benneton
New Challenges to Civil Rights Legislation?