Business Strategy
Group B
Case Study- KFC Business Analysis
Abstract
Introduced in 1952 by Colonel Sanders
Second largest restaurant chain today in terms of popularity
Annual revenue of $23 billion
Diversified its menu to suit cultural needs of people across different countries
Hindering factors in KFC’s growth are growing consumer health consciousness, animal welfare criticism, environmental criticism
Introduction
KFC was born in 1952 and its founder was Colonel Sanders
First franchise to grow globally over international market
By the 1960s – 1980s the market was booming in countries like England, Mexico, China
Management and ownership transferred over the years to Heublin, Yum Brands and PepsiCo.
Annual revenue of $23 billion in 2013
KFC had expanded its menu to suit cultural needs of people across different countries
Hindering factors in KFC’s growth are growing consumer health consciousness, animal welfare criticism, environmental criticism, logistic management issue in UK, cultural differences in Asian countries towards accepting the fried chicken menu.
Factors contributing to KFC’s global success
The core reason for KFCs success is it’s mandate to follow strict franchise protocols that have continuously satisfied customers demands:
The quality of the chicken cooked in KFC has certain specific guidelines
The size of the restaurant should be 24x60 feet.
The restaurant washrooms and ktichen has certain cleanliness standards
Food that is not sold off needs to be trashed
The workers need to have a specific clothing and uniform.
A certain % of the gross earnings should be used for advertisement and R&D
Air conditioning is mandatory in the outlets
Global number of KFC restaurants in the past decade
Importance of cultural factors to KFC’s sales success in India and China
Culture is the collective programming of the human mind that distinguishes the members of one human group from those of another. Culture in this sense is a system of collectively held values
“Culture is everything that people have, think, and do as members of their society”, which demonstrating that culture is made up of (1) material objects; (2) ideas, values, attitudes and beliefs; and (3) specified, or expected behavior.
Many scholars have theorized and studied the notion of cross-cultural adaptation, which tends to move from one culture to another one, by learning the elements such as rules, norms, customs, and language of the new culture (Oberg 1960, Keefe and Padilla 1987, Kealey 1989). According to Ady (1995),
“Cultural adaptation is the evolutionary process by which an individual modifies his personal habits and customs to fit into a particular culture. It can also refer to gradual changes within a culture or society that occur as people from different backgrounds participating in the culture and sharing their perspectives and practices.”
Cultural factors in India that go against KFC’s original recipe.
.
Purchasing Power: 10 Lessons on Getting More Local, Sustainable, and Deliciou...Rad Fsc
Food Secure Canada and the J.W. McConnell Family Foundation are jointly releasing the report Purchasing Power: 10 Lessons on Getting More Local, Sustainable, and Delicious Food in Schools, Hospitals and Campuses. The lessons profile what we’ve learned about how to shift institutional food purchasing to sustainability–from defining local, to leveraging contracts, to building food cultures, to policy change–and what the opportunities are for scaling this work.
OuterBrand, LLC has developed a brand identity for 500Cal. This is the brand style guide that was created for 500Cal franchise. The style guide talks about the brand development in various stages of development. The guide is broken down into 3 different sections, Research, Development and Implementation.
500Cal is a fast food franchise that OuterBrand, LLC had an opportunity to brand. During the branding process we focused on brand positioning, brand engagement and the brand voice.
Please view the 500Cal brand guide.
KENTUCKY FRIED CHICKEN
CASE STUDY OF KFC:
ESTABLISHMENT OF A SUCCESSFUL GLOBAL BUSINESS MODEL
By the mid 1950s, fast food franchising was still in its infancy when Harland Sanders
began his cross-country travels to market “Colonel Sanders’ Recipe Kentucky Fried Chicken.”
He had developed a secret chicken recipe with eleven herbs and spices. By 1963, the number
of KFC franchises has crossed 300. Colonel Sanders, at 74 years of age, was tired of running the
daily operations and sold the business in 1964 to two Louisville businessmen—Jack Massey and
John Young Brown, Jr.—for $2 million. Brown, who later became the governor of Kentucky,
was named president, and Massey was named chairman. Colonel Sanders stayed in a public
relations capacity.
In 1966, Massey and Brown made KFC public, and the company was enlisted on the New
York Stock Exchange. During the late 1960s, Massey and Brown turned their attention to
international markets and signed a joint venture with Mitsuoishi Shoji Kaisha Ltd. In Japan.
Subsidiaries were also established in Great Britain, Hong Kong, South Africa, Australia, New
Zealand, and Mexico in the late 1970s. Brown’s desire to seek a political career led him to seek
a buyer for KFC. Soon after, KFC merged with Heublein, Inc., a producer of alcoholic beverages
with little restaurant experience and conflicts quickly arose between the Heublein management
and Colonel Sanders, who was quite concerned about the quality control issues in restaurant
cleanliness. In 1977, Heublein sent in a new management team to redirect KFC’s strategy. New
unit construction was discontinued until existing restaurants could be upgraded and operating
problems eliminated. The overhaul emphasized cleanliness, service, profitability, and product
consistency. By 1982, KFC was again aggressively building new restaurant units.
In October 1986, KFC was sold to PepsiCo. PepsiCo had acquired Frito-Lay in 1965, Pizza
Hut in 1977 with its 300 units, and Taco Bell in 1978. PepsiCo created one of the largest
consumer companies in the United States. Marketing fast food complemented PepsiCo’s
consumer product orientation and followed much the same pattern as marketing soft drinks
and snack foods. Pepsi soft drinks and fast food products could be marketed together in the
same restaurants and through coordinated national advertising.
The Kentucky Fried Chicken acquisition gave PepsiCo the leading market share in three
of the four largest and fastest growing segments in the U.S., quick-service industry. By the end
of 1995, Pizza Hut held 28% of the $18.5 billion, U.S. pizza segment. Taco Bell held 75% of &5.7
billion Mexican food segment, and KFC held 49% of the $7.7 billion U.S. chicken fast food
segment.
Japan, Australia, and the United Kingdom accounted for the greatest share of the KFC’s
international expansion during the 1970s and 1980s. During the 1990s, ot ...
Purchasing Power: 10 Lessons on Getting More Local, Sustainable, and Deliciou...Rad Fsc
Food Secure Canada and the J.W. McConnell Family Foundation are jointly releasing the report Purchasing Power: 10 Lessons on Getting More Local, Sustainable, and Delicious Food in Schools, Hospitals and Campuses. The lessons profile what we’ve learned about how to shift institutional food purchasing to sustainability–from defining local, to leveraging contracts, to building food cultures, to policy change–and what the opportunities are for scaling this work.
OuterBrand, LLC has developed a brand identity for 500Cal. This is the brand style guide that was created for 500Cal franchise. The style guide talks about the brand development in various stages of development. The guide is broken down into 3 different sections, Research, Development and Implementation.
500Cal is a fast food franchise that OuterBrand, LLC had an opportunity to brand. During the branding process we focused on brand positioning, brand engagement and the brand voice.
Please view the 500Cal brand guide.
KENTUCKY FRIED CHICKEN
CASE STUDY OF KFC:
ESTABLISHMENT OF A SUCCESSFUL GLOBAL BUSINESS MODEL
By the mid 1950s, fast food franchising was still in its infancy when Harland Sanders
began his cross-country travels to market “Colonel Sanders’ Recipe Kentucky Fried Chicken.”
He had developed a secret chicken recipe with eleven herbs and spices. By 1963, the number
of KFC franchises has crossed 300. Colonel Sanders, at 74 years of age, was tired of running the
daily operations and sold the business in 1964 to two Louisville businessmen—Jack Massey and
John Young Brown, Jr.—for $2 million. Brown, who later became the governor of Kentucky,
was named president, and Massey was named chairman. Colonel Sanders stayed in a public
relations capacity.
In 1966, Massey and Brown made KFC public, and the company was enlisted on the New
York Stock Exchange. During the late 1960s, Massey and Brown turned their attention to
international markets and signed a joint venture with Mitsuoishi Shoji Kaisha Ltd. In Japan.
Subsidiaries were also established in Great Britain, Hong Kong, South Africa, Australia, New
Zealand, and Mexico in the late 1970s. Brown’s desire to seek a political career led him to seek
a buyer for KFC. Soon after, KFC merged with Heublein, Inc., a producer of alcoholic beverages
with little restaurant experience and conflicts quickly arose between the Heublein management
and Colonel Sanders, who was quite concerned about the quality control issues in restaurant
cleanliness. In 1977, Heublein sent in a new management team to redirect KFC’s strategy. New
unit construction was discontinued until existing restaurants could be upgraded and operating
problems eliminated. The overhaul emphasized cleanliness, service, profitability, and product
consistency. By 1982, KFC was again aggressively building new restaurant units.
In October 1986, KFC was sold to PepsiCo. PepsiCo had acquired Frito-Lay in 1965, Pizza
Hut in 1977 with its 300 units, and Taco Bell in 1978. PepsiCo created one of the largest
consumer companies in the United States. Marketing fast food complemented PepsiCo’s
consumer product orientation and followed much the same pattern as marketing soft drinks
and snack foods. Pepsi soft drinks and fast food products could be marketed together in the
same restaurants and through coordinated national advertising.
The Kentucky Fried Chicken acquisition gave PepsiCo the leading market share in three
of the four largest and fastest growing segments in the U.S., quick-service industry. By the end
of 1995, Pizza Hut held 28% of the $18.5 billion, U.S. pizza segment. Taco Bell held 75% of &5.7
billion Mexican food segment, and KFC held 49% of the $7.7 billion U.S. chicken fast food
segment.
Japan, Australia, and the United Kingdom accounted for the greatest share of the KFC’s
international expansion during the 1970s and 1980s. During the 1990s, ot ...
Behaviour-grounded, incentive-based training for pork butchers in traditional...ILRI
Poster by Delia Grace, Sinh Dang-Xuan, Hung Nguyen-Viet, Florence Mutua and Fred Unger presented at the SafePork Conference, New Orleans, Louisiana, 15-17 May 2023.
MediMeals Investor Presentation - February 2017Cory Glazier
Clinical trials have proven irrevocably that heart disease and diabetes can be reversed through deliberate nutritional therapy with a shift to consuming a whole food, plant-based diet.
MediMeals is an evolutionary health service that makes it as easy for doctors to prescribe scientifically proven meal regimens as it has been to prescribe pharmaceuticals and surgery in the past.
We get nutritionally precise, delicious meals to our patients nationwide, on doctor's orders.
We have reduced the learning curve and time constraints to upgrading diet. Healing the body with food has never been as accessible.
Charoen Pokphand Foods Plc.’s Quest to become the Kitchen of the World: An Ov...inventionjournals
In this case study, the readers will be navigated through the successful journey of Charoen Pokphand Foods Plc. (CPF) as the company brilliantly raced to reach its pinnacle in business map as kitchen of the world. For the starters, the readers will be enlightened with the history and business model of CPF. The highlight of this paper is mainly how CPF reconnected and aligned its aim to their customer’sbuying dynamics so that they manage to market the right product to the right customer in the right wayin order to become the Kitchen of the World.
KFC is having a very good atmosphere for its employee to work and the corporate culture is also good to
deal with but there is little problem with the management issues that should be solved. The food quality
and services offered by KFC are excellent. KFC always keeps introducing new variety of chicken and
edible products that helps in continuous improvement and growth in the profit margins. Today’s
generation is very health conscious and prone to hypertension was thinking what if KFC offers or add
fresh produced products such as fruits and vegetables in their menu it can increase their sales as even
vegetarian people can enter KFC and can enjoy the delightful ambient. In terms of 4 P’s KFC is doing
exceptionally excellent.
Business UseWeek 1 Assignment #1Instructions1. Plea.docxfelicidaddinwoodie
Business Use
Week 1: Assignment #1
Instructions
1. Please read these two articles:
· Using forensics against a fitbit device to solve a murder: https://www.cbsnews.com/news/the-fitbit-alibi-21st-century-technology-used-to-help-solve-wisconsin-moms-murder/
· How Amazon Echo could be forensically analyzed! https://www.theverge.com/2017/1/6/14189384/amazon-echo-murder-evidence-surveillance-data
2. Then go around in your residence / dwelling (home, apartment, condo, etc) and be creative.
3. Identify at least five appliances or devices that you THINK could be forensically analyzed and then identify how this might be useful in an investigation. Note - do not count your computer or mobile device. Those are obvious!
4. I expect at least one paragraph answer for each device.
Why did I assign this?
The goal is to have you start THINKING about how any device, that is capable of holding electronic data (and transmitting to the Internet) could be useful in a particular investigation!
Due Date
This is due by Sunday, May 10th at 11:59PM
Surname 6
Informative speech on George Stinney Jr.
A. Info research analysis
The general purpose of the speech was to inform people about the civil injustice being done against the African American community in the United States. The specific purpose of the speech was to portray to the audience how an innocent 14-year old black boy suffered in the hands of the South Carolina State law enforcing officers. He was falsely accused of killing two white girls and electrocuted within two months after conviction.
I decided the topic of my speech after perusing through all the suggested topics ad found that the story of George Stinney Jr. was touching and emotional entirely.
This topic benefits the audience and the society in general by giving them an insight of the cruelty that the American law system has against the African American community. The audience gets to know how the shady investigations were done with claims that George had pleaded guilty to the charges of murder when there was no real evidence tying him to the crime or a signed plea agreement.
The alternative view that I found in the research was the version of the investigating officer of the case who claimed that the 14-year old boy managed to kill two girls aged 11 and 7 with a blunt object and ditch them in a nearby trench. This alternative point of view did not make sense because it is hard for a 14-year old boy to use the force that was reported by postmortem results to kill the girls. Therefore, I knew everything was a lie and I had to take the point of view of George’s innocence.
B. informative outline
Introduction:
George Stinney Jr. was an African American boy born on October 21, 1929 in Pinewood, South Carolina, U.S. He is considered as the youngest person to be executed by the United State government in 20th century.
Main body
Investigations of the alleged crimes (Bickford, 05)
The investigations concerning the alleged crimes of George S.
Business UsePALADIN ASSIGNMENT ScenarioYou are give.docxfelicidaddinwoodie
Business Use
PALADIN ASSIGNMENT
Scenario:
You are given a PC and you are faced with this scenario: you don’t know the password to the PC which means you can’t login so you can use a forensic tool like FTK IMAGER to capture the hard drive as a bit-for-bit forensic image AND/OR
1. The hard drive is either soldiered onto the motherboard (there are some new hard drives like this!) or cannot be removed because the screws are stripped (this has happened to me);
2. Even if you figured out the password or got an admin password the PC may have its USB ports blocked via a GPO policy (this is very common in corporations now);
3. Even if you can get the GPO policy overridden you may have some concerns about putting it on the network (which is true especially if you are dealing with malware).
So what you can you do? The best solution is to boot the PC up into forensically sound environment that lets you bypass the password aspect; GPO policy; etc and take a bit-for-bit image. One software that has done the job very well for me is Paladin.
How to get points
If you can send me a screenshot showing me that you had installed Paladin .ISO and made your USB device a bootable device with Paladin using Rufus then you get 10 points.
If you can send me a screenshot showing that you had a chance to boot your computer into Paladin then you will earn an extra 10 points. It is not necessary for you to take a forensic image of your PC but I have included generic instructions here.
Assumptions:
1. You have downloaded Rufus on your computer
2. You have downloaded Paladin on your computer.
Instructions:
1. Make sure you have at least one USB drive.
2. If not down already, download Rufus from https://rufus.ie/.
3. If not done already, download the Paladin ISO image from this website: https://sumuri.com/product/paladin-64-bit-version-7/ which is free. It’s suggested price is $25.00 but you can adjust the price to $0 then order. To be clear – do not pay anything.
4. Insert the USB device in your computer.
5. Run Rufus where you install the Paladin .ISO file on the USB device and make it bootable. Now I could provide you step by step instructions, but this is a Masters class so I want you to explore a bit and figure this out. One good video is this: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=V6JehM0WDTI.
6. After you are done using Rufus where you have installed Paladin.ISO on the USB device and made it bootable then make sure the USB device is in the PC.
7. Restart your PC. Press F9(HP) laptop) or F12 (Dell laptop) so you can be taken into the BIOS bootup menu.
8. This is where things get a bit tricky e.g. your compute may be configured differently where you have to adjust your BIOS settings. If you do not feel comfortable doing this then stop here. I do not want you to mess up your computer. You have already earned ten extra points!
9. If you still proceed then you will see a list of bootable devices. You may, for example, see a list of devices. Pick the device .
More Related Content
Similar to Business StrategyGroup BCase Study- KFC Business Analysis.docx
Behaviour-grounded, incentive-based training for pork butchers in traditional...ILRI
Poster by Delia Grace, Sinh Dang-Xuan, Hung Nguyen-Viet, Florence Mutua and Fred Unger presented at the SafePork Conference, New Orleans, Louisiana, 15-17 May 2023.
MediMeals Investor Presentation - February 2017Cory Glazier
Clinical trials have proven irrevocably that heart disease and diabetes can be reversed through deliberate nutritional therapy with a shift to consuming a whole food, plant-based diet.
MediMeals is an evolutionary health service that makes it as easy for doctors to prescribe scientifically proven meal regimens as it has been to prescribe pharmaceuticals and surgery in the past.
We get nutritionally precise, delicious meals to our patients nationwide, on doctor's orders.
We have reduced the learning curve and time constraints to upgrading diet. Healing the body with food has never been as accessible.
Charoen Pokphand Foods Plc.’s Quest to become the Kitchen of the World: An Ov...inventionjournals
In this case study, the readers will be navigated through the successful journey of Charoen Pokphand Foods Plc. (CPF) as the company brilliantly raced to reach its pinnacle in business map as kitchen of the world. For the starters, the readers will be enlightened with the history and business model of CPF. The highlight of this paper is mainly how CPF reconnected and aligned its aim to their customer’sbuying dynamics so that they manage to market the right product to the right customer in the right wayin order to become the Kitchen of the World.
KFC is having a very good atmosphere for its employee to work and the corporate culture is also good to
deal with but there is little problem with the management issues that should be solved. The food quality
and services offered by KFC are excellent. KFC always keeps introducing new variety of chicken and
edible products that helps in continuous improvement and growth in the profit margins. Today’s
generation is very health conscious and prone to hypertension was thinking what if KFC offers or add
fresh produced products such as fruits and vegetables in their menu it can increase their sales as even
vegetarian people can enter KFC and can enjoy the delightful ambient. In terms of 4 P’s KFC is doing
exceptionally excellent.
Similar to Business StrategyGroup BCase Study- KFC Business Analysis.docx (20)
Business UseWeek 1 Assignment #1Instructions1. Plea.docxfelicidaddinwoodie
Business Use
Week 1: Assignment #1
Instructions
1. Please read these two articles:
· Using forensics against a fitbit device to solve a murder: https://www.cbsnews.com/news/the-fitbit-alibi-21st-century-technology-used-to-help-solve-wisconsin-moms-murder/
· How Amazon Echo could be forensically analyzed! https://www.theverge.com/2017/1/6/14189384/amazon-echo-murder-evidence-surveillance-data
2. Then go around in your residence / dwelling (home, apartment, condo, etc) and be creative.
3. Identify at least five appliances or devices that you THINK could be forensically analyzed and then identify how this might be useful in an investigation. Note - do not count your computer or mobile device. Those are obvious!
4. I expect at least one paragraph answer for each device.
Why did I assign this?
The goal is to have you start THINKING about how any device, that is capable of holding electronic data (and transmitting to the Internet) could be useful in a particular investigation!
Due Date
This is due by Sunday, May 10th at 11:59PM
Surname 6
Informative speech on George Stinney Jr.
A. Info research analysis
The general purpose of the speech was to inform people about the civil injustice being done against the African American community in the United States. The specific purpose of the speech was to portray to the audience how an innocent 14-year old black boy suffered in the hands of the South Carolina State law enforcing officers. He was falsely accused of killing two white girls and electrocuted within two months after conviction.
I decided the topic of my speech after perusing through all the suggested topics ad found that the story of George Stinney Jr. was touching and emotional entirely.
This topic benefits the audience and the society in general by giving them an insight of the cruelty that the American law system has against the African American community. The audience gets to know how the shady investigations were done with claims that George had pleaded guilty to the charges of murder when there was no real evidence tying him to the crime or a signed plea agreement.
The alternative view that I found in the research was the version of the investigating officer of the case who claimed that the 14-year old boy managed to kill two girls aged 11 and 7 with a blunt object and ditch them in a nearby trench. This alternative point of view did not make sense because it is hard for a 14-year old boy to use the force that was reported by postmortem results to kill the girls. Therefore, I knew everything was a lie and I had to take the point of view of George’s innocence.
B. informative outline
Introduction:
George Stinney Jr. was an African American boy born on October 21, 1929 in Pinewood, South Carolina, U.S. He is considered as the youngest person to be executed by the United State government in 20th century.
Main body
Investigations of the alleged crimes (Bickford, 05)
The investigations concerning the alleged crimes of George S.
Business UsePALADIN ASSIGNMENT ScenarioYou are give.docxfelicidaddinwoodie
Business Use
PALADIN ASSIGNMENT
Scenario:
You are given a PC and you are faced with this scenario: you don’t know the password to the PC which means you can’t login so you can use a forensic tool like FTK IMAGER to capture the hard drive as a bit-for-bit forensic image AND/OR
1. The hard drive is either soldiered onto the motherboard (there are some new hard drives like this!) or cannot be removed because the screws are stripped (this has happened to me);
2. Even if you figured out the password or got an admin password the PC may have its USB ports blocked via a GPO policy (this is very common in corporations now);
3. Even if you can get the GPO policy overridden you may have some concerns about putting it on the network (which is true especially if you are dealing with malware).
So what you can you do? The best solution is to boot the PC up into forensically sound environment that lets you bypass the password aspect; GPO policy; etc and take a bit-for-bit image. One software that has done the job very well for me is Paladin.
How to get points
If you can send me a screenshot showing me that you had installed Paladin .ISO and made your USB device a bootable device with Paladin using Rufus then you get 10 points.
If you can send me a screenshot showing that you had a chance to boot your computer into Paladin then you will earn an extra 10 points. It is not necessary for you to take a forensic image of your PC but I have included generic instructions here.
Assumptions:
1. You have downloaded Rufus on your computer
2. You have downloaded Paladin on your computer.
Instructions:
1. Make sure you have at least one USB drive.
2. If not down already, download Rufus from https://rufus.ie/.
3. If not done already, download the Paladin ISO image from this website: https://sumuri.com/product/paladin-64-bit-version-7/ which is free. It’s suggested price is $25.00 but you can adjust the price to $0 then order. To be clear – do not pay anything.
4. Insert the USB device in your computer.
5. Run Rufus where you install the Paladin .ISO file on the USB device and make it bootable. Now I could provide you step by step instructions, but this is a Masters class so I want you to explore a bit and figure this out. One good video is this: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=V6JehM0WDTI.
6. After you are done using Rufus where you have installed Paladin.ISO on the USB device and made it bootable then make sure the USB device is in the PC.
7. Restart your PC. Press F9(HP) laptop) or F12 (Dell laptop) so you can be taken into the BIOS bootup menu.
8. This is where things get a bit tricky e.g. your compute may be configured differently where you have to adjust your BIOS settings. If you do not feel comfortable doing this then stop here. I do not want you to mess up your computer. You have already earned ten extra points!
9. If you still proceed then you will see a list of bootable devices. You may, for example, see a list of devices. Pick the device .
Business UsePractical Connection WorkThis work is a writte.docxfelicidaddinwoodie
Business Use
Practical Connection Work
This work is a written assignment where students will demonstrate how this course research has connected and been put into practice within their own career.
Assignment:
Provide a reflection of at least 500 words of how the knowledge, skills, or theories of this course, to date, have been applied, or could be applied, in a practical manner to your current work environment.
If you are not currently working, then this is where you can be creative and identify how you THINK this could be applied to an employment opportunity in your field of study.
Requirements:
Provide a 500 word minimum reflection.
Use of proper APA formatting and citations. If supporting evidence from outside resources is used those must be properly cited.
Share a personal connection that identifies specific knowledge and theories from this course.
You should NOT provide an overview of the assignments given in the course. Reflect and write about how the knowledge and skills obtained through meeting course objectives were applied or could be applied in the workplace.
// Pediatric depressionTherapy for Pediatric Clients with Mood Disorders
An African American Child Suffering From Depression
BACKGROUND INFORMATION
The client is an 8-year-old African American male who arrives at the ER with his mother. He is exhibiting signs of depression.
Client complained of feeling “sad” Mother reports that teacher said child is withdrawn from peers in class Mother notes decreased appetite and occasional periods of irritation Client reached all developmental landmarks at appropriate ages Physical exam unremarkable Laboratory studies WNL Child referred to psychiatry for evaluation Client seen by Psychiatric Nurse Practitioner
MENTAL STATUS EXAM
Alert & oriented X 3, speech clear, coherent, goal directed, spontaneous. Self-reported mood is “sad”. Affect somewhat blunted, but child smiled appropriately at various points throughout the clinical interview. He denies visual or auditory hallucinations. No delusional or paranoid thought processes noted. Judgment and insight appear to be age-appropriate. He is not endorsing active suicidal ideation, but does admit that he often thinks about himself being dead and what it would be like to be dead.
The PMHNP administers the Children's Depression Rating Scale, obtaining a score of 30 (indicating significant depression)
RESOURCES
§ Poznanski, E., & Mokros, H. (1996). Child Depression Rating Scale--Revised. Los Angeles, CA: Western Psychological Services.
Decision Point OneSelect what the PMHNP should do:Begin Zoloft 25 mg orally daily
Begin Paxil 10 mg orally daily
Begin Wellbutrin 75 mg orally BID
.
Business System Analyst
SUMMARY:
· Cognos Business In experience intelligence with expertise in Software Design, Development, and Analysis, Teradata, Testing, Data Warehouse and Business Intelligence tools.
· Expertise in Cognos 11/10.2, 10.1, 8.x (Query Studio, Report Studio, Analysis Studio, Business Insight/Workspace, Business Insight/Workspace Advanced, Metric Studio (Score carding), Framework Manager, Cognos Connection)
· Expertise in Installation and Configuration of Cognos BI Products in Distributed environment on Windows
· Expertise with Framework Manager Modeling (Physical Layer, Business Layer, Packages) and Complex Report building with Report Studio.
· Expertise developing complex reports using drill-through reports, prompts, dashboards, master-detail, burst-reports, dynamic filtering in Cognos.
· Expertise in creating Dashboard reports using Java Script in Report studio.
· Expertise in building scorecard reports and dashboard reports using metric studio.
· Expertise with Transformer models and cubes that were used in Power play analysis and also these cubes were used in various Analysis Studio reports.
· Expertise with MDX Functions in Report Studio using Multi-dimensional Sources.
· Expertise with Cognos security (LDAP, Active Directory, Access manager, object level security, data security).
· Expertise with Tabbed Inter-phases and with Interactive Behavior of value based chart highlighting.
· Sound Skills in developing SQL Scripts, PL/SQL Stored Procedures, functions, packages.
· Expertise on production support and troubleshoot/test issues with existing reports and cubes.
· Experienced with MS SQL Server BI Tools like SSIS, SSRS and SSAS.
· Expertise in creation of packages, Data and Control tasks, Reports and Cubes using MS SQL Server BI Tools.
· Ability to translate business requirements into technical specifications and interact with end users to gather requirements for reporting.
· Good understanding of business process in Financial, Insurance and Healthcare areas.
· Expertise in infrastructure design for the cognos environment and security setup for different groups as per business requirement.
· Creating training material on all the Ad-Hoc training
· Expertise in all the basic administrative tasks like deployments, routing rule setup’s , user group setup , folder level securities etc.
· Have deployment knowledge of IBM Cognos report in Application servers like WAS.
· Have knowledge on handling securities and administration functionalities on IBM Cognos 10.x
· Good work ethics, detail oriented, fast learner, team oriented, flexible and adaptable to all kinds of stressful environments. Possess excellent communication and interpersonal skills.
Technical Skills:
BI Platform
Cognos 11,10.2, 10.1, 8.x (Query Studio, Report Studio, Analysis Studio, Business Insight/Workspace, Business Insight/Workspace Advanced, Metric Studio (Score carding), Framework Manager, Cognos Connection)
Data Base
MS Access, MS SQL Server, Orac.
Business StrategyOrganizations have to develop an international .docxfelicidaddinwoodie
Business Strategy
Organizations have to develop an international Human Resources Management Strategy, when they expand globally. Which do you think is more critical for international Human Resource Management:
Understanding the cultural environment, or
Understanding the political and legal environment?
Please choose 1 position and give a rationale; examples are also a way to demonstrate your understanding of the learning concepts.
.
Business Strategy Differentiation, Cost Leadership, a.docxfelicidaddinwoodie
Business Strategy:
Differentiation, Cost Leadership,
and Integration
Lina Deng
Business Strategy and Competitive Advantage
• A business-level strategy is an integrated and
coordinated set of commitments and actions designed
to provide value to customers and to gain a competitive
advantage by utilizing core competencies in specific
individual product markets.
6–2
Business-Level Strategy:
How to Compete for Advantage?
• Answer the “Who, What, Why, and How”
Ø Who - which customer segments to serve?
Ø What needs, wishes, desires will we satisfy?
Ø Why do we want to satisfy them?
Ø How will we satisfy customers’ needs?
• Details actions that managers take in the quest
for competitive advantage
Ø Single product or group of similar products
6–3
Industry and Firm Effects Jointly Determine
Competitive Advantage
6–4
Business Strategy and Competitive Advantage
• Two fundamental questions:
Ø How do you generate advantage?
Ø How do you sustain advantage?
• Key idea for sustainability is “barriers to imitation.”
Ø How long will it be before the first rival
imitates the first mover?
Ø How fast does new imitation occur
once it starts?
v These two factors determine appropriability.
6–5
Business Strategy and Competitive Advantage
• Does market share generate competitive advantage?
Ø The computer industry is an excellent example of the lack
of correspondence between market share and profit rates.
IBM was a clear market leader in terms of market share
but had only mediocre economic performance relative to its
rivals. High market share is no guarantee of high rates
of profitability.
6–6
Business Strategy and Competitive Advantage
• Does market share generate competitive advantage?
Ø Perhaps high market share causes high profit rates.
Ø But it could equally well be that there is a third factor
(e.g., good service capabilities, such as those of
Caterpillar), either not considered or unobserved by us,
that causes both high profitability and high market share.
v In this case, we would see a correlation
between profitability and market share
but there is no causal explanation.
Business Strategy and Competitive Advantage
• When can market share work to generate and sustain
an advantage?
Ø Scale economies (to generate cost leadership advantage)
combined with high exit costs (to sustain the advantage)
may make market share a defensible advantage.
6–8
Business Strategy and Competitive Advantage
• An organization’s knowledge or expertise can lead to
sustainable advantage if:
Ø The knowledg.
Business RequirementsReference number Document Control.docxfelicidaddinwoodie
Business Requirements
Reference number:
Document Control
Change Record
Date
Author
Version
Change Reference
Reviewers
Name
Position
Table of Contents
2Document Control
1
Business Requirements
4
1.1
Project Overview
4
1.2
Background including current process
4
1.3
Scope
4
1.3.1
Scope of Project
4
1.3.2
Constraints and Assumptions
5
1.3.3
Risks
5
1.3.4
Scope Control
5
1.3.5
Relationship to Other Systems/Projects
5
1.3.6
Definition of Terms (if applicable)
5
1 Business Requirements
1.1 Project Overview
Provide a short, yet complete, overview of the project.
1.2 Background including current process
Describe the background to the project, (same section may be reused in the Quality Plan) include:
This project is
The project goal is to
The IT role for this project is
1.3 Scope
1.3.1 Scope of Project
The scope of this project includes a number of areas. For each area, there should be a corresponding strategy for incorporating these areas into the overall project.
Applications
In order to meet the target production date, only these applications will be implemented:
Sites
These sites are considered part of the implementation:
Process Re-engineering
Re-engineering will
Customization
Customizations will be limited to
Interfaces
the interfaces included are:
Architecture
Application and Technical Architecture will
Conversion
Only the following data and volume will be considered for conversion:
Testing
Testing will include only
Funding
Project funding is limited to
Training
Training will be
Education
Education will include
1.3.2 Constraints and Assumptions
The following constraints have been identified:
The following assumptions have been made in defining the scope, objectives and approach:
1.3.3 Risks
The following risks have been identified as possibly affecting the project during its progression:
1.3.4 Scope Control
The control of changes to the scope identified in this document will be managed through the Change Control, with business owner representative approval for any changes that affect cost or timeline for the project.
1.3.5 Relationship to Other Systems/Projects
It is the responsibility of the business unit to inform IT of other business initiatives that may impact the project. The following are known business initiatives:
1.3.6 Definition of Terms (if applicable)
List any definitions that will be used throughout the duration of the project.
5
A working structure is the fundamental programming that bargains with all the mechanical social affair and other programming on a PC. It other than pulls in us to visit with the PC without perceiving how to talk the piece PC programs language's. A working structure is inside theory of programming on a contraption that keeps everything together. Working systems visit with the's contraption. They handle everything from your solace and mice to the Wi-Fi radio, gathering contraptions, and show. Symbolically, a worki.
Business ProposalThe Business Proposal is the major writing .docxfelicidaddinwoodie
Business Proposal
The Business Proposal is the major writing assignment in the course. You are to create and submit a formal proposal that suggests how to change something within an organization. This organization can be large or small, a place of employment now or in the past, or an organization to which the students belong. From past experiences, it is best to use a business with fewer than 200 employees, and one with which you have personal experience. It could be a place where you currently work or a place you have worked or volunteered in the past.
The change can be specific to a unit or can apply to the whole organization; it can relate to how important information is distributed, who has access to important information, how information is accessed, or any other change in practices the students see as having a benefit. The proposal should be directed to the person or committee with the power to authorize the change. However, if you are working within a large organization, and asking for a small organizational change, communicating with a CEO or president may not make the most sense. You need to think about who within the organization might be the best person for the type of change suggested.
For the submission, you are to follow the guidelines for formal proposals available in Chapter 10 of the text. You can review 10.1, 10.4, and 10.19 for more information about specific components for a well-written formal business proposal. A complete proposal must have all required sections of a formal report excluding the copy of an RFP and the Authorization. The final draft of the proposal should be 1500–2000 words, and include the following necessary formal proposal components:
Letter of transmittal
Executive summary
Title page
Table of contents
List of illustrations
Introduction
Background: Purpose/problem
Proposal: plan, schedule, details
Staffing
Budget
Appendix
Formatting does matter for this assignment, and you are to check the text for details about how to format and draft the different proposal segments. Proposals don't just have text; graphics and charts are necessary, too. In addition, research is important, and footnotes and references must be included. All content should be concise, clear, and detailed. The proposal should be well-written with appropriate grammar, spelling, and punctuation.
This is a scaffolded writing project that consists of four assignments.
.
Business ProjectProject Progress Evaluation Feedback Form .docxfelicidaddinwoodie
Business Project
Project Progress Evaluation
Feedback Form Week 3
Date:
__________________________________________________
Student Name:
__________________________________________________
__________________________________________________
Project Title: Effect Of Increasing Training Budget
Project Type: Business Research
Researchers:
Has a topic been chosen and a problem statement created?
Yes { } NO { }
Was the problem statement submitted in a 1-4 page paper that includes an introduction to the topic with appropriate documentation?
Yes { } No { }
Specifically, if any, needs additional content or rewriting to create more clarity? What specific recommendations do you have to help in this process?
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
What is your workable timetable that states specific objectives and target completion dates for completing the final draft of the plan? Write the timetable below:
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
Feedback Form #3 – Project Proposal and Plan
▼
THE UK’S LEADING PROVIDER OF EXPERT SERVICES FOR IT PROFESSIONALS
NATIONAL COMPUTING CENTRE
IT Governance
Developing a successful governance strategy
A Best Practice guide for decision makers in IT
IT Governance
Developing a successful governance strategy
A Best Practice guide for decision makers in IT
The effective use of information technology is now an accepted organisational imperative - for
all businesses, across all sectors - and the primary motivation; improved communications and
commercial effectiveness. The swift pace of change in these technologies has consigned many
established best practice approaches to the past. Today's IT decision makers and business
managers face uncertainty - characterised by a lack of relevant, practical, advice and standards
to guide them through this new business revolution.
Recognising the lack of available best practice guidance, the National Computing Centre has
created the Best Practice Series to capture and define best practice across the key aspects of
successful business.
Other Titles in the NCC Best Practice series:
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Enterprise Architecture - underst.
BUSINESS PROCESSES IN THE FUNCTION OF COST MANAGEMENT IN H.docxfelicidaddinwoodie
BUSINESS PROCESSES IN THE FUNCTION OF COST
MANAGEMENT IN HEALTHCARE INSTITUTIONS
1
1
st
IVANA DRAŽIĆ LUTILSKY
Departement of Accounting
Faculty of Economics and Business
University of Zagreb
Croatia
[email protected]
2
nd
LUCIJA JUROŠ
Faculty of Economics and Business
[email protected]
Abstract: This paper is dealing with the importance of business processes regarding costs
tracking and cost management in healthcare institutions. Various changes within the health
care system and funding of hospitals require the introduction of management information
systems and cost accounting. The introduction of cost accounting in public hospitals would
allow the planning and control of costs, monitoring of costs per patient or service and the
calculation of indicators for the analysis and assessment of the economic performance of the
business of public hospitals and lead to the transparency of budget spending. A model that
would be suited to the introduction in the public hospital is full cost allocation model based on
activities or processes that occur, known as the ABC method. Given that this is a calculation
of cost of services provided through various internal business processes, it is important to
identify all business processes in order to be able to calculate the costs incurred by services.
Although the hospital does not do business with the aim to make a profit, they must follow all
the costs (direct and indirect) to be able to calculate the full costs i.e. the price of the service
provided. In addition, the long-term sustainability of business activities in terms of funding
difficulties and the continuous growth of cost of services provided, hospitals must control and
reduce the cost of the program and specific activities. Therefore, the objective of this paper is
to point out the importance of business processes while introducing ABC method.
Keywords: Business Processes, Cost management, ABC method, Healthcare Institutions
1
This work has been fully supported by University of Zagreb funding the project “Business processes in the
implementation of cost management in healthcare system”, Any opinions, findings, and conclusions or
recommendations expressed in this paper are those of the authors and do not necessarily reflect the views of
University of Zagreb.
mailto:[email protected]
1 Introduction
In recent years, the efficiency of the management in health care services and the system of
quality in health care institutions significantly increased. Patients expect more from
healthcare providers and higher standards of care. At the same time, those who pay for
health services are increasingly concerned about the rising costs of health care services, but
also the potential ineffectiveness of the health care system. Consequently, there is a broad
interest in understanding the ways of efficient work of health care management and .
Business Process Management JournalBusiness process manageme.docxfelicidaddinwoodie
Business Process Management Journal
Business process management: a maturity assessment of Saudi Arabian
organizations
Omar AlShathry,
Article information:
To cite this document:
Omar AlShathry, (2016) "Business process management: a maturity assessment of Saudi Arabian
organizations", Business Process Management Journal, Vol. 22 Issue: 3, pp.507-521, https://
doi.org/10.1108/BPMJ-07-2015-0101
Permanent link to this document:
https://doi.org/10.1108/BPMJ-07-2015-0101
Downloaded on: 04 September 2018, At: 00:11 (PT)
References: this document contains references to 26 other documents.
To copy this document: [email protected]
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Users who downloaded this article also downloaded:
(2016),"Process improvement for professionalizing non-profit organizations: BPM approach",
Business Process Management Journal, Vol. 22 Iss 3 pp. 634-658 <a href="https://doi.org/10.1108/
BPMJ-08-2015-0114">https://doi.org/10.1108/BPMJ-08-2015-0114</a>
(2016),"Ownership relevance in aspect-oriented business process models", Business
Process Management Journal, Vol. 22 Iss 3 pp. 566-593 <a href="https://doi.org/10.1108/
BPMJ-01-2015-0006">https://doi.org/10.1108/BPMJ-01-2015-0006</a>
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Business process management:
a maturity assessment of Saudi
Arabian organizations
Omar AlShathry
Department of Information Systems,
Imam Mohammed Bin Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
Abstract
Purpose – Business Process Management (BPM) has become increasingly common among organizations
in d.
Business Plan[Your Name], OwnerPurdue GlobalBUSINESS PLANDate.docxfelicidaddinwoodie
Business Plan[Your Name], Owner
Purdue Global
BUSINESS PLAN
Date
1. EXECUTIVE SUMMARY
1.1 Product
1.2 Customers
1.3 What Drives Us
2. COMPANY DESCRIPTION
2.1 Mission and Vision Statements
2.2 Principal Members at Startup (In Unit 7 you will expand on this section to include medium and long term personnel plans for all team members, including the line staff.)
2.2.1 Using chapter 10 of your text, write the plan, using the section in Chapter 10 that shows how to introduce each team member and describe their background and responsibilities. You will start with the leaders and managers, then discuss other employees as needed for your company to grow.
2.2.2 Use this spreadsheet to show the planning
Leaders/managers (unit 1)
When needed (number of months/years after opening)
Outside Services Needed
Key Functions
Add line staff (Unit 7)
2.3 Legal Structure
3. MARKET RESEARCH
3.1 Industry (from SBA, Business Guides by Industry, and Bureau of Labor Statistics)
3.1.1 Industry description
3.2.1 Resources used
3.2 Customers (from SBA site fill in worksheet, then use text for spreadsheets and follow-up explanations)
Add SBA part here:
Then, fill in spreadsheet using this example from the text:
Housewife:
Married Couple:
Age:
35–65
Age:
35–55
Income:
Fixed
Income:
Medium to high
Sex:
Female
Sex:
Male or Female
Family:
Children living at home
Family:
0 to 2 children
Geographic:
Suburban
Geographic:
Suburban
Occupation:
Housewife
Occupation:
Varies
Attitude:
Security minded
Attitude:
Security minded, energy conscious
Older Couple:
Elderly:
Age:
55–75
Age:
70+
Income:
High or fixed
Income:
Fixed
Sex:
Male or Female
Sex:
Male or Female
Family:
Empty nest
Family:
Empty nest
Geographic:
Suburban
Geographic:
Suburban
Occupation:
White-collar or retired
Occupation:
Retired
Attitude:
Security minded, energy conscious
Attitude:
Security minded, energy conscious
Explain who you are targeting and where they are located. Insert information here using these guidelines:
Information About Your Target Market – Narrow your target market to a manageable size. Many businesses make the mistake of trying to appeal to too many target markets. Research and include the following information about your market:
Distinguishing characteristics – What are the critical needs of your potential customers? Are those needs being met? What are the demographics of the group and where are they located? Are there any seasonal or cyclical purchasing trends that may impact your business?
Size of the primary target market – In addition to the size of your market, what data can you include about the annual purchases your market makes in your industry? What is the forecasted market growth for this group? For more information, see the market research guide for tips and free government resources that can help you build a market profile.
How much market share can you gain? – What is the market share.
Business PlanCover Page Name of Project, Contact Info, Da.docxfelicidaddinwoodie
Business Plan
Cover Page
Name of Project, Contact Info, Date
Picture/graphics
Table of Contents
Executive Summary
The Company
The Project
The Industry
The Market
Distribution
Risk Factors
Financing
Sources
List of sources, specific articles, and websites
I WILL PROVIDE MORE INFORMATION IN CHAT TO COMPLETE PROPOSAL.
.
Business Planning and Program Planning A strategic plan.docxfelicidaddinwoodie
Business Planning and Program Planning
A strategic plan specifies how a particular program will realize its objectives. With a strategic plan, it is possible to focus efforts on the accomplishment of a program's goals. A strategic plan provides a link between what a program seeks to accomplish and the required actions for successful program implementation (Kettner, Moroney & Martin, 2017). A business plan, on the contrary, defines the path of business. It includes a company's organizational structure, marketing plan as well as financial projections (Kettner et al., 2017).
Impact of Business Plan on a Program’s Strategic Plan
The logic model can help understand the impact of a business plan on a program’s strategic plan. The logic model comprises five major elements such as inputs, activities, outputs, outcomes, and impacts. The inputs are the resources such as funding, facilities, staff and volunteers needed for a given program. The activities are the events or actions of a program such as running the program and data collection. Outputs are the direct products and the desired effects of a program. Impact recalls the goals of a program (Hodges & Videto, 2011).
The financial projection element of a business plan can impact the strategic planning process of a program. This medium is because the allocated budget, as well as its parameters, must be assessed to ascertain if the funds available are enough to perform the tasks and activities of a program, which is what amounts to strategic planning. Hodges and Videto (2011) asserted that the resources required to implement a program, including those available and those needed, should be reviewed to determine if there are enough resources to achieve the goals of a program. The budget must include allocations for facilities and space, staff, supplies and materials, marketing resources as well as other operational expenses. An accurate budget is vital for the success of a program, and it is critical to consider all the possible expenses plus income.
The relationship between Business Planning and Program Planning
Programs usually face resource constraints, including the difficulty to attract funding streams. Business planning, according to the United States Small Business Administration (n.d.) is a methodology that can be used to address the challenge of financial constraints systematically. A business plan can demonstrate the link or association between a proposed program and social return. Through a funded plan, it is possible for a program to secure funding sources. As such a program plan must include a budget that specifies the number of revenues needed to achieve the program's goals and objectives. From this medium perspective, a budget is considered as an integral component rather than a stand-alone activity of program planning process (Kettner, Moroney and Martin, 2017).
The program planning process must include areas that require add.
Business Plan In your assigned journal, describe the entity you wil.docxfelicidaddinwoodie
Business Plan: In your assigned journal, describe the entity you will utilize and explain your decision.
Must be:
At required length or longer
Written in American English at graduate level
Received on or before the deadline
Must pass turn it in
Written in APA with references
.
Business Plan Part IVPart IV of the Business PlanPart IV of .docxfelicidaddinwoodie
Business Plan Part IV
Part IV of the Business Plan
Part IV of the business plan is due in week 7. Together with this part, you must show to your instructor that you have implemented the necessary corrections based on the part I feedback.
Part IV Requirements
1. Financials Plan
a. Present an in-depth narrative to demonstrate the viability of your business to justify the need for funding.
b. In this section describe financial estimates and rationale which include financial statements and forms that document the viability of your proposed business and its soundness as an investment.
c. Tables and figures must be introduced in the narrative.
i. Describe the form of business (sole-proprietor, LLC, or Corporation).
ii. Prepare three-year projections for income, expenses, and sources of funds.
iii. Base predictions on industry and historical trends.
iv. Make realistic assumptions.
v. Allow for funding changes at different stages of your company’s growth.
vi. Present a written rationale for your projections.
vii. Indicate your startup costs.
viii. Detail how startup funds will be used to advance your proposed business
ix. List current capital and any other sources of funding you may have
x. Document your calculations.
xi. Use reasonable estimates or actual data (where possible).
2. Continuous Improvement System
a. Present a brief summary of the continuous improvement processes that you will utilize for quality management (Six sigma, TQM, etc).
.
BUSINESS PLAN FORMAT Whether you plan to apply for a bu.docxfelicidaddinwoodie
BUSINESS PLAN FORMAT
Whether you plan to apply for a business loan or not, you need to have a roadmap or plan to get you from where you are to the successful operation of your business. The pages that follow demonstrate the content of a simple business plan which has been found to be successful in obtaining startup funds from banks. You are encouraged to use all or whatever portions of this fit your business.
Please DO NOT write page after page of drivel or copy from someone else’s plan or one of those templates you can find on the Internet. In most cases this will not “sound" like you, nor will it be short and to the point. Those who read these things are busy people and will not be inclined to spend time reading irrelevant paperwork.
Throughout this sample, there are
italicized
comments which are meant to guide you in preparation. If you follow this format it is reasonable to expect a finished document with 15-20 pages plus the supporting documents in the last section.
If you have good quality pictures of your space, products or other items, you might include them as another way to convey just what you plan to do. A map of your location, diagram of floor space, or other illustration is also sometimes helpful. On the other hand, do not add materials simply to “bulk-up” the report.
While content is critical, it is also important to make this presentation look as good as possible. For this course, you will create the business plan in Word and submit the plan and all attachments through the Assignment drop box. That means all attachments have to be in digital form. For a bank loan or an investor, you would normally provide them with a print version. Print the pages in black ink on a high quality tinted letterhead paper. Color is not necessary but would add some interest in headlines, etc. Bind the document in a presentation folder or with a spiral binding. Don’t simply punch a staple in the upper left corner.
If your were going to pursue a bank loan or an investor, it would be normal to take this business plan to your SCORE counselor for a review and critique.
NOTE: Before you begin your inspection of the simple plan outline which follows, take a moment to review the Business Plan Checklist on the next page.
BUSINESS PLAN CHECKLIST
By way of review, here is a concise list of the basic requirements for a Business Plan, as recommended by the MIT Enterprise Forum:
·
Appropriate Arrangement
- prepare an executive summary, a table of contents and chapters in the right order.
·
Right Length
- make it not too long and not too short, not too fancy and not too plain.
·
Expectations
- give a sense of what founder(s) and the company expect to accomplish three to seven years in the future.
·
Benefits
- explain in quantitative and qualitative terms the benefit to the consumer of the products and services.
·
Marketability
- present hard evidence of the mar.
Business Pitch AssignmentDaniela Aleman Danae Alonso J.docxfelicidaddinwoodie
Business Pitch Assignment
Daniela Aleman | Danae Alonso | Javier Llanos | Kelly Pena | Aymara Priede | Alec Walter
VALOR AIRLINES
“Sky High Value”
Valor Airlines is a new, low-cost carrier primarily serving passengers for long-haul travel to South
America. Based in Miami, Valor Airlines is projected to have about ten aircraft by 2025, which will
serve around 20 destinations across North and South America. Our mission is to provide competitive
pricing for customers who would like to travel long-haul but can’t a�ord the prices of legacy carriers.
Currently, America’s legacy carriers are the only options on some long-haul travel routes to South
America and this has led them to having a monopoly on prices and frequencies. For example, if you
wanted to �y non-stop from Miami, Florida, to Montevideo, Uruguay, you would have to use
American Airlines, which charges a staggering $1000+ average fare per person!
Meanwhile, low-cost competitors like Spirit Airlines and Frontier Airways have competitive prices
but they simply can’t take you as far and deep into South America as we would be able to because
of their �eet types.
However, thanks to our Airbus 321LRs, Valor Airlines will be a leader in long-haul direct service to
small and large, international cities. Our narrow-body jets allow us to connect to the smaller cities
in South America that don’t have direct service yet. This allows us to connect more people and cities
without customers having to have a second or third layover to get to their destination. Operating
routes with thinner tra�c is a key strategy for Valor Airlines; we would be able to operate these
routes with less seats that larger carriers can’t pro�tably sustain with a jumbo-jet like a Boeing 747.
Valor Airlines: “Sky-High Value.”
BargainAir Express Airways
Name subject to change
IDEA PITCH FOR GROUP
Purpose
To provide competitive fares on routes into deep South America where
legacy carriers have premium fares.
Example: Miami to Montevideo flights
Realize how there is only one carrier
on the route and it is one of
America’s legacy carriers, American
Airlines. $1,311 is a bit steep.
Market Analysis
The Low Cost Carrier {LCC} has been an airline model that has surged in
popularity and growth within the past few years. In the United States,
we have several large LCC’s.
In Europe, the second biggest carrier is an LCC named Ryanair. They
also have Norwegian Air.
Market Analysis [Part 2]
While Europe and North America might seem saturated with LCC’s, South America is a different
story. Spirit Airlines has a great market share for Central American routes and short distance
South American routes such as Colombia or Ecuador. On the other hand, there are no American
LCC’s flying into deep South America such as Paraguay, Argentina, or southern Brazil.
The primary airlines that do are…
LATAM
AMERICAN
DELTA
UNITED
AVIANCA
None are considered low-cost
Market Analysis [Part 3]
Inte.
The French Revolution, which began in 1789, was a period of radical social and political upheaval in France. It marked the decline of absolute monarchies, the rise of secular and democratic republics, and the eventual rise of Napoleon Bonaparte. This revolutionary period is crucial in understanding the transition from feudalism to modernity in Europe.
For more information, visit-www.vavaclasses.com
The Indian economy is classified into different sectors to simplify the analysis and understanding of economic activities. For Class 10, it's essential to grasp the sectors of the Indian economy, understand their characteristics, and recognize their importance. This guide will provide detailed notes on the Sectors of the Indian Economy Class 10, using specific long-tail keywords to enhance comprehension.
For more information, visit-www.vavaclasses.com
The Roman Empire A Historical Colossus.pdfkaushalkr1407
The Roman Empire, a vast and enduring power, stands as one of history's most remarkable civilizations, leaving an indelible imprint on the world. It emerged from the Roman Republic, transitioning into an imperial powerhouse under the leadership of Augustus Caesar in 27 BCE. This transformation marked the beginning of an era defined by unprecedented territorial expansion, architectural marvels, and profound cultural influence.
The empire's roots lie in the city of Rome, founded, according to legend, by Romulus in 753 BCE. Over centuries, Rome evolved from a small settlement to a formidable republic, characterized by a complex political system with elected officials and checks on power. However, internal strife, class conflicts, and military ambitions paved the way for the end of the Republic. Julius Caesar’s dictatorship and subsequent assassination in 44 BCE created a power vacuum, leading to a civil war. Octavian, later Augustus, emerged victorious, heralding the Roman Empire’s birth.
Under Augustus, the empire experienced the Pax Romana, a 200-year period of relative peace and stability. Augustus reformed the military, established efficient administrative systems, and initiated grand construction projects. The empire's borders expanded, encompassing territories from Britain to Egypt and from Spain to the Euphrates. Roman legions, renowned for their discipline and engineering prowess, secured and maintained these vast territories, building roads, fortifications, and cities that facilitated control and integration.
The Roman Empire’s society was hierarchical, with a rigid class system. At the top were the patricians, wealthy elites who held significant political power. Below them were the plebeians, free citizens with limited political influence, and the vast numbers of slaves who formed the backbone of the economy. The family unit was central, governed by the paterfamilias, the male head who held absolute authority.
Culturally, the Romans were eclectic, absorbing and adapting elements from the civilizations they encountered, particularly the Greeks. Roman art, literature, and philosophy reflected this synthesis, creating a rich cultural tapestry. Latin, the Roman language, became the lingua franca of the Western world, influencing numerous modern languages.
Roman architecture and engineering achievements were monumental. They perfected the arch, vault, and dome, constructing enduring structures like the Colosseum, Pantheon, and aqueducts. These engineering marvels not only showcased Roman ingenuity but also served practical purposes, from public entertainment to water supply.
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Business StrategyGroup BCase Study- KFC Business Analysis.docx
1. Business Strategy
Group B
Case Study- KFC Business Analysis
Abstract
Introduced in 1952 by Colonel Sanders
Second largest restaurant chain today in terms of popularity
Annual revenue of $23 billion
Diversified its menu to suit cultural needs of people across
different countries
Hindering factors in KFC’s growth are growing consumer health
consciousness, animal welfare criticism, environmental
criticism
2. Introduction
KFC was born in 1952 and its founder was Colonel Sanders
First franchise to grow globally over international market
By the 1960s – 1980s the market was booming in countries like
England, Mexico, China
Management and ownership transferred over the years to
Heublin, Yum Brands and PepsiCo.
Annual revenue of $23 billion in 2013
KFC had expanded its menu to suit cultural needs of people
across different countries
Hindering factors in KFC’s growth are growing consumer health
consciousness, animal welfare criticism, environmental
criticism, logistic management issue in UK, cultural differences
in Asian countries towards accepting the fried chicken menu.
Factors contributing to KFC’s global success
The core reason for KFCs success is it’s mandate to follow
strict franchise protocols that have continuously satisfied
customers demands:
The quality of the chicken cooked in KFC has certain specific
guidelines
The size of the restaurant should be 24x60 feet.
The restaurant washrooms and ktichen has certain cleanliness
standards
3. Food that is not sold off needs to be trashed
The workers need to have a specific clothing and uniform.
A certain % of the gross earnings should be used for
advertisement and R&D
Air conditioning is mandatory in the outlets
Global number of KFC restaurants in the past decade
Importance of cultural factors to KFC’s sales success in India
and China
Culture is the collective programming of the human mind that
distinguishes the members of one human group from those of
another. Culture in this sense is a system of collectively held
values
4. “Culture is everything that people have, think, and do as
members of their society”, which demonstrating that culture is
made up of (1) material objects; (2) ideas, values, attitudes and
beliefs; and (3) specified, or expected behavior.
Many scholars have theorized and studied the notion of cross-
cultural adaptation, which tends to move from one culture to
another one, by learning the elements such as rules, norms,
customs, and language of the new culture (Oberg 1960, Keefe
and Padilla 1987, Kealey 1989). According to Ady (1995),
“Cultural adaptation is the evolutionary process by which an
individual modifies his personal habits and customs to fit into a
particular culture. It can also refer to gradual changes within a
culture or society that occur as people from different
backgrounds participating in the culture and sharing their
perspectives and practices.”
Cultural factors in India that go against KFC’s original recipe.
There are few important factors affect to change KFC’s recipe
Restaurants, traditionally employed for formal celebrations, are
increasingly becoming hangouts for young, working, middle-
class Indians with money to splurge.
A very important factor that can draw our attention is that
people are eating dinner out more frequently
Research say 30 years ago, you invite someone [over], and you
would fix dinner at home. But not much at present.
Many consumers looking for a quick, tasty, and relatively
inexpensive meal are venturing out to KFC, that is considered
one of the trendiest restaurants in India.
5. Why did Kentucky Fried Chicken change its name to KFC?
Maybe because KFC is simply to say full name. Or perhaps KFC
fits better on signs. We wished to let our customers know that
people had more for them to enjoy than simply fried chicken,
and many were already calling us KFC, since it was much easier
to say.
Truth is, we didn't do a best wishes at explaining the KFC name
change, which left the doorway open for individuals to get
creative with the reason. And boy did they! Shortly following
the name change, an email chain letter—it absolutely was 1991,
remember—begun to spread the rumor that Kentucky Fried
Chicken used genetically modified chickens and was forced to
get rid of the word “chicken” from its name.
KFC Strengths And Weaknesses
It is a worldwide market leading company which has chicken
as the primary product (Omer 2018).
It has a strong market upcoming in China
Has a strong partnership combination which is KFC pizza hut,
and KFC taco bell
Weakness that KFC faces is their unhealthy food menu
Lack of good management skills
6. They face a lot of negative publicity which significantly affects
their future
KFC opportunities And Threats
KFC has created an opportunity for increasing their demand for
healthy food
They also plan on introducing new products besides their
chicken
Main threats that KFC has faced is a bad trend towards healthy
eating
KFC has faced currency fluctuations (Omer 2018).
Competition with local fast food chains creates tension for KFC
KFC has had to deal with multiple law suits from different
individuals and groups
There is saturated fast food market , which threatens the growth
of KFC
Factors That Made KFC A Successful Global Business
7. KFC has ben able to come up with significant international
marketing strategies
KFC has focused on good service provision which allows for
customer maintenance (Rahman 2019).
Product constituency is another factor that has made the
company go international
Partnership strategies allowed KFC the opportunity to grow and
become international
KFC has created a brand for itself so its not so hard to become
international
Cultural Factors In India
Large Indian families demand a variety of foods, instead of the
monotonous chicken (Manideep & Yeshwanth 2018).
Indian families believed that KFC was too expensive for them
Indians wanted KFC to resemble a family restaurant
KFC was forced to replace coleslaws with green salads
They also changed their positioning to fit the Indian family
style
The reason that KFC changed its name, is to do way with the
name “ fried “ in their name, for heath precaution
8. References
Manideep, K., Mythili, G. Y., Gowtham, K., Gowtham, V., CH,
S. V., & Yeshwanth, S. (2018). Study on eating habits among
different age group in south India. International Journal for
Advance Research and Development, 3(4), 47-49.
Omer, S. K. (2018). SWOT analysis: The tool of organizations
stability (KFC) as a case study. Journal of Process Management.
New Technologies, 6(4), 27-34.
Rahman, M. M. (2019). Cultural Differences, Strengths,
Weaknesses and Challenges of Kentucky Fried Chicken (KFC)–
A Comparison between and United Kingdom (UK)
Malaysia. Global Journal of Management And Business
Research.
48 American Family Physician www.aafp.org/afp Volume 83,
Number 1 ◆ January 1, 2011
The Geriatric Assessment
BASSEM ELSAWY, MD, and KIM E. HIGGINS,
DO, Methodist Charlton Medical Center, Dallas, Texas
A
pproximately one-half of the ambu-
9. latory primary care for adults older
than 65 years is provided by fam-
ily physicians,1 and
approximately
22 percent of visits to family physicians
are
from olderadults.2,3 It is estimated that older
adults will comprise at least 30 percent of
patients in typical family medicine outpa-
tient practices, 60 percent in hospital prac-
tices, and 95 percent in nursing home and
home care practices.4
A complete assessment is usually initiated
when the physician detects a potential prob-
lem such as confusion, falls, immobility, or
incontinence. However, older persons often
do not present in a typical manner, and atypi-
cal responses to illness are common. A patient
presenting with confusion may not have a
neurologic problem, but rather an infec-
tion. Social and psychological factors may
also mask classic disease presentations. For
example, although 30 percent of adults older
than 85 years have dementia, many physicians
miss the diagnosis.5,6 Thus, a more structured
approach to assessment can be helpful.
The geriatric assessment is a multidimen-
sional, multidisciplinary assessment designed
to evaluate an olderperson’s functional ability,
physical health, cognition and mental health,
and socioenvironmental circumstances. It
includes an extensive review of prescription
10. and over-the-counter drugs, vitamins, and
herbal products, as well as a review of immu-
nization status. This assessment aids in the
diagnosis of medical conditions; development
of treatment and follow-up plans; coordina-
tion of management of care; and evaluation of
long-term care needs and optimal placement.
The geriatric assessment differs from a
typical medical evaluation by including
nonmedical domains; by emphasizing func-
tional capacity and quality of life; and, often,
by incorporating a multidisciplinary team
including a physician, nutritionist, social
worker, and physical and occupational ther-
apists. This type of assessment oftenyields a
more complete and relevant list of medical
problems, functional problems, and psycho-
social issues.7
Because of the demands of a busy clinical
practice, most geriatric assessments tend to
be less comprehensive and more problem-
directed. For older patients with many con-
cerns, the use of a “rolling” assessment over
several visits should be considered. The roll-
ing assessment targets at least one domain for
screening during each office visit. Patient-
driven assessment instruments are also
popular. Having patients complete question-
naires and perform specific tasks not only
saves time, but also provides useful insight
into their motivation and cognitive ability.
The geriatric assessment is a multidimensional,
12. Geriatric Assessment
January 1, 2011 ◆ Volume 83, Number 1 www.aafp.org/afp
American Family Physician 49
Functional Ability
Functional status refers to a person’s ability
to perform
tasksthat are required for living. The geriatric
assessment
begins with a review of the two key divisions of
functional
ability: activities of daily living (ADL) and
instrumental
activities of dailyliving (IADL). ADL are self-care
activities
that a person performs daily (e.g., eating,
dressing, bath-
ing, transferring between the bed and a chair,
using the
toilet, controlling bladder and bowel functions).
IADL are
activities that are needed to live independently (e.g.,
doing
housework, preparing meals, taking medications
properly,
managing finances, using a telephone). Physicians
can
acquire useful functional information by simply
observ-
ing older patients as they complete simple tasks,
such as
13. unbuttoning and buttoning a shirt, picking up a
pen and
writing a sentence, taking off and putting on
shoes, and
climbing up and down from an examination
table. Two
instruments for assessing ADL and IADL include
the Katz
ADL scale(Table 1)8 and the Lawton IADL scale
(Table 2).9
Deficits in ADL and IADL can signal the
need for more
in-depth evaluation of the patient’s
socioenvironmental
circumstances and the need for additional assistance.
SORT: KEY RECOMMENDATIONS FOR PRACTICE
Clinical recommendation
Evidence
rating References
The U.S. Preventive Services Task Force found insufficient
evidence to recommend for or against
screening with ophthalmoscopy in asymptomatic older patients.
C 15
Patients with chronic otitis media or sudden hearing loss, or
who fail any hearing screening tests
should be referred to an otolaryngologist.
C 21, 23
Hearing aids are the treatment of choice for older patients with
hearing impairment, because they
14. minimize hearing loss and improve daily functioning.
A 23
The U.S. Preventive Services Task Force has advised routinely
screening women 65 years and older for
osteoporosis with dual-energy x-ray absorptiometry of the
femoral neck.
A 37
The Centers for Medicare and Medicaid Services encourages the
use of the Beers criteria as part of
an older patient’s medication assessment to reduce adverse
effects.
C 39, 40
A = consistent, good-quality patient-oriented evidence; B =
inconsistent or limited-quality patient-oriented evidence; C =
consensus, disease-oriented
evidence, usual practice, expert opinion, or case series. For
information about the SORT evidence rating system, go to
http://www.aafp.org/afpsort.xml.
Table 1. Katz Index of Independence in Activities of Daily
Living
Activities (1 or 0 points) Independence (1 point)* Dependence
(0 points)†
Bathing
Points:
Bathes self completely or needs help in bathing only
15. a single part of the body, such as the back, genital
area, or disabled extremity
Needs help with bathing more than one
part of the body, getting in or out of
the bathtub or shower; requires total
bathing
Dressing
Points:
Gets clothes from closets and drawers, and puts
on clothes and outer garments complete with
fasteners; may need help tying shoes
Needs help with dressing self or needs
to be completely dressed
Toileting
Points:
Goes to toilet, gets on and off, arranges clothes,
cleans genital area without help
Needs help transferring to the toilet
and cleaning self, or uses bedpan or
commode
Transferring
Points:
Moves in and out of bed or chair unassisted;
mechanical transfer aids are acceptable
16. Needs help in moving from bed to chair
or requires a complete transfer
Fecal and urinary continence
Points:
Exercises complete self-control over urination and
defecation
Is partially or totally incontinent of
bowel or bladder
Feeding
Points:
Gets food from plate into mouth without help;
preparation of food may be done by another person
Needs partial or total help with feeding
or requires parenteral feeding
Total points‡:
*—No supervision, direction, or personal assistance.
†—With supervision, direction, personal assistance, or total
care.
‡—Score of 6 = high (patient is independent); score of 0 = low
(patient is very dependent).
Adapted with permission from Katz S, Downs TD, Cash HR,
Grotz RC. Progress in development of the index of ADL.
Gerontologist. 1970;10(1):23.
17. Geriatric Assessment
50 American Family Physician www.aafp.org/afp Volume 83,
Number 1 ◆ January 1, 2011
Physical Health
The geriatric assessment incorporates all fac-
ets of a conventional medical history, includ-
ing main problem, current illness, past and
current medical problems, family and social
history, demographic data, and a review of
systems. The approach to the history and
physical examination, however, should be
specific to older persons. In particular, top-
ics such as nutrition, vision, hearing, fecal
and urinary continence, balance and fall
prevention, osteoporosis, and polypharmacy
should be included in the evaluation. Table 3
is an example of a focused geriatric physical
examination.
SCREENING FOR DISEASE
In the normal aging process, thereis oftena
decline in physiologic function that is usu-
ally not disease-related. However, treatment
of diabetes mellitus, hypertension, and glau-
coma can prevent significant future morbid-
ity. Screening for malignancies may allow
for early detection, and some are curable if
treated early. It is important that physicians
weigh the potential harms of screening before
18. screening older patients. It is essential to
consider family preferences regarding treat-
ment if a disease is detected, and the patient’s
functional status, comorbid conditions, and
predicted life expectancy. If an asymptom-
atic patient has an expected survival of more
than five years, screening is generally medi-
cally warranted, assuming that the patient is
at risk of the disease and would accept treat-
ment if earlydisease was detected.10,11
The Agency for Healthcare Research and
Quality has developed an online tool called
the Electronic Preventive Services Selec-
tor (http://epss.ahrq.gov/ePSS/search.jsp)
that can be downloaded to smartphones.
It can assist physicians in identifying age-
appropriate screening measures.
NUTRITION
A nutritional assessment is important
because inadequate micronutrient intake
is common in older persons. Several age-
related medical conditions may predispose
patients to vitamin and mineral deficiencies.
Studies have shown that vitamins A, C, D,
Table 2. Lawton Instrumental Activities of Daily Living
Scale (Self-Rated Version)
For each question, circle the points for the answer that
best applies
to your situation.
1. Can you use the telephone?
19. Without help
With some help
Completely unable to use the telephone
3
2
1
2. Can you get to places that are out of walking distance?
Without help
With some help
Completely unable to travel unless special arrangements are
made
3
2
1
3. Can you go shopping for groceries?
Without help
With some help
Completely unable to do any shopping
3
20. 2
1
4. Can you prepare your own meals?
Without help
With some help
Completely unable to prepare any meals
3
2
1
5. Can you do your own housework?
Without help
With some help
Completely unable to do any housework
3
2
1
6. Can you do your own handyman work?
Without help
With some help
Completely unable to do any handyman work
21. 3
2
1
7. Can you do your own laundry?
Without help
With some help
Completely unable to do any laundry
3
2
1
8a. Do you use any medications?
Yes (If “yes,” answer question 8b)
No (If “no,” answer question 8c)
1
2
8b. Do you take your own medication?
Without help (in the right doses at the right time)
W ith some help (take medication if someone prepares it for
you
or reminds you to take it)
22. Completely unable to take own medication
3
2
1
8c. If you had to take medication, could you do it?
Without help (in the right doses at the right time)
W ith some help (take medication if someone prepares it for
you
or reminds you to take it)
Completely unable to take own medication
3
2
1
9. Can you manage your own money?
Without help
With some help
Completely unable to handle money
3
2
1
23. NOTE: Scores have meaning only for a particular patient (e.g.,
declining scores over
time reveal deterioration). Some questions may be sex-specific
and can be modified
by the interviewer.
Adapted with permission from Lawton MP, Brody EM.
Assessment of older people: self-
maintaining and instrumental activities of daily living.
Gerontologist. 1969;9(3):181.
Geriatric Assessment
Table 3. Sample Focused Geriatric Physical Examination
Signs Physical sign or symptom Differential diagnoses
Vital signs
Blood pressure Hypertension Adverse effects from medication,
autonomic dysfunction
Orthostatic hypotension Adverse effects from medication,
atherosclerosis, coronary artery disease
Heart rate Bradycardia Adverse effects from medication, heart
block
Irregularly irregular heart rate Atrial fibrillation
Respiratory rate Increased respiratory rate greater
than 24 breaths per minute
Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, congestive heart failure,
24. pneumonia
Temperature Hyperthermia, hypothermia Hyper- and
hypothyroidism, infection
General Unintentional weight loss Cancer, depression
Weight gain Adverse effects from congestive heart failure
medication
Head Asymmetric facial or extraocular
muscle weakness or paralysis
Bell palsy, stroke, transient ischemic attack
Frontal bossing Paget disease
Temporal artery tenderness Temporal arteritis
Eyes Eye pain Glaucoma, temporal arteritis
Impaired visual acuity Presbyopia
Loss of central vision Age-related macular degeneration
Loss of peripheral vision Glaucoma, stroke
Ocular lens opacification Cataracts
Ears Hearing loss Acoustic neuroma, adverse effects from
medication, cerumen
impaction, faulty or ill-fitting hearing aids, Paget disease
Mouth, throat Gum or mouth sores Dental or periodontal
disease, ill-fitting dentures
26. Prostate enlargement Benign prostatic hypertrophy
Prostate nodules Prostate cancer
Rectal mass, occult blood Colorectal cancer
Urinary incontinence Bladder or uterine prolapse, detrusor
instability, estrogen deficiency
Extremities Abnormalities of the feet Bunions, onychomycosis
Diminished or absent lower
extremity pulses
Peripheral vascular disease, venous insufficiency
Heberden nodes Osteoarthritis
Pedal edema Adverse effects from medication, congestive heart
failure
continued
Geriatric Assessment
52 American Family Physician www.aafp.org/afp Volume 83,
Number 1 ◆ January 1, 2011
and B
12
; calcium; iron; zinc; and othertrace
minerals are oftendeficient in the olderpop-
ulation, even in the absence of conditions
27. such as pernicious anemia or malabsorp-
tion.12 There are four components specific
to the geriatric nutritional assessment: (1)
nutritional history performed with a nutri-
tional health checklist; (2) a record of a
patient’s usual food intake based on 24-hour
dietary recall; (3) physical examination with
particular attention to signsassociatedwith
inadequate nutrition or overconsumption;
and (4) select laboratory tests, if applicable.
One simple screening tool for nutrition
in older persons is the Nutritional Health
Checklist (Table 4).13
VISION
The most common causes of vision impair-
ment in older persons include presbyopia,
glaucoma, diabetic retinopathy, cataracts,
and age-related macular degeneration.14
The U.S. Preventive Services Task Force
(USPSTF) found insufficient evidence to
recommend for or against screening with
ophthalmoscopy in asymptomatic older
patients.15 In 1995, the Canadian Task Force
on the Periodic Health Examination advised
primary care physicians to use a Snellen
chartto screen for visual acuity, and recom-
mended that older patients who have had
diabetes for at least five years have an assess-
ment by an ophthalmologist. Additionally,
Table 3. Sample Focused Geriatric Physical Examination
(continued)
28. Signs Physical sign or symptom Differential diagnoses
Muscular/skeletal Diminished range of motion, pain Arthritis,
fracture
Dorsal kyphosis, vertebral
tenderness, back pain
Cancer, compression fracture, osteoporosis
Gait disturbances Adverse effects from medication, arthritis,
deconditioning, foot
abnormalities, Parkinson disease, stroke
Leg pain Intermittent claudication, neuropathy, osteoarthritis,
radiculopathy,
venous insufficiency
Muscle wasting Atrophy, malnutrition
Proximal muscle pain and weakness Polymyalgia rheumatica
Skin Erythema, ulceration over pressure
points, unexplained bruises
Anticoagulant use, elder abuse, idiopathic thrombocytopenic
purpura
Premalignant or malignant lesions Actinic keratoses, basal cell
carcinoma, malignant melanoma, pressure
ulcer, squamous cell carcinoma
Neurologic Tremor with rigidity Parkinson disease
NOTE: When performing a geriatric physical examination,
29. physicians should be alert for some of these signs and
symptoms.
Table 4. Nutritional Health Checklist
Statement Yes
I have an illness or condition that made me change the kind or
amount of food I eat.
2
I eat fewer than two meals per day. 3
I eat few fruits, vegetables, or milk products. 2
I have three or more drinks of beer, liquor, or wine almost every
day. 2
I have tooth or mouth problems that make it hard for me to eat.
2
I don’t always have enough money to buy the food I need. 4
I eat alone most of the time. 1
I take three or more different prescription or over-the-counter
drugs per day.
1
Without wanting to, I have lost or gained 10 lb in the past six
months.
2
30. I am not always physically able to shop, cook, or feed myself. 2
NOTE: The Nutritional Health Checklist was developed for the
Nutrition Screening
Initiative. Read the statements above, and circle the number in
the “yes” column
for each statement that applies to you. Add up the circled
numbers to get your
nutritional score.
SCORING
0 to 2 = You have good nutrition. Recheck your nutritional
score in six months.
3 to 5 = You are at moderate nutritional risk, and you should
see what you can do
to improve your eating habits and lifestyle. Recheck your
nutritional score in three
months.
6 or more = You are at high nutritional risk, and you should
bring this checklist with
you the next time you see your physician, dietitian, or other
qualified health care pro-
fessional. Talk with any of these professionals about the
problems you may have. Ask
for help to improve your nutritional status.
Adapted with permission from The clinical and cost-
effectiveness of medical nutri-
tion therapies: evidence and estimates of potential medical
savings from the use of
selected nutritional intervention. June 1996. Summary report
prepared for the Nutri-
tion Screening Initiative, a project of the American Academy of
Family Physicians, the
American Dietetic Association, and the National Council on the
31. Aging, Inc.
Geriatric Assessment
January 1, 2011 ◆ Volume 83, Number 1 www.aafp.org/afp
American Family Physician 53
the task forceadvised that patients at high risk of
glau-
coma, including black persons and those with a
positive
family history, diabetes, or severe myopia,
undergo peri-
odic assessment by an ophthalmologist.16
HEARING
Presbycusis is the third most common
chronic con-
dition in older Americans, after
hypertension and
arthritis.17 The USPSTF is updating its 1996
recom-
mendations, but currently recommends screening
older patients for hearing impairment by periodically
questioning them about their hearing.18
Audioscope
examination, otoscopic examination, and the whis-
pered voice test are also recommended. The
whispered
voice test is performed by standing
approximately 3 ft
behind the patient and whispering a series of
32. letters and
numbers after exhaling to assure a quietwhisper.
Fail-
ure to repeat most of the letters and numbers
indicates
hearing impairment.19 As part of the Medicare-funded
initial preventive physical examination, physicians
are
encouraged to use hearing screening questionnaires to
evaluate an older patient’s functional ability
and level
of safety.20 Questionnaires such as the
screening ver-
sion of the Hearing Handicap Inventory for the Elderly
accurately identify persons with hearing impairment21
(Table 5 22). Additionally, patients’ medications should
be examined for potentially ototoxic drugs.
Patients
with chronic otitis media or sudden hearing
loss, or
who fail any screening tests should be referred to
an
otolaryngologist.21,23 Hearing aids are the treatment
of choice for older persons with hearing
impairment,
because they minimize hearing loss and improve daily
functioning.23
URINARY CONTINENCE
Urinary incontinence, the unintentional leakage of
33. urine, affects approximately 15 million persons in
the
United States, most of whom are older.24 Urinary
incon-
tinence has important medical repercussions and is
asso-
ciated with decubitus ulcers, sepsis, renalfailure,
urinary
tract infections, and increased mortality.
Psychosocial
implications of incontinence include loss of self-
esteem,
restriction of social and sexual activities, and
depres-
sion. Additionally, incontinence is often a key
deciding
factor for nursing home placement.25 An
assessment for
urinary incontinence should include the evaluation
of
fluid intake, medications, cognitive function, mobil-
ity, and previous urologic surgeries.14 The single
best
Table 5. Screening Version of the Hearing Handicap
Inventory for the Elderly
Question
Yes
(4 points)
Sometimes
(2 points)
No
(0 points)
34. Does a hearing problem cause you to feel embarrassed when you
meet new people?
Does a hearing problem cause you to feel frustrated when
talking to members of your family?
Do you have difficulty hearing when someone speaks in a
whisper?
Do you feel impaired by a hearing problem?
Does a hearing problem cause you difficulty when visiting
friends, relatives, or neighbors?
Does a hearing problem cause you to attend religious services
less often than you would like?
Does a hearing problem cause you to have arguments with
family members?
Does a hearing problem cause you difficulty when listening to
the television or radio?
Do you feel that any difficulty with your hearing limits or
hampers your personal or social life?
Does a hearing problem cause you difficulty when in a
restaurant with relatives or friends?
Raw score (sum of the points assigned to each of the items)
NOTE: A raw score of 0 to 8 = 13 percent probability of hearing
impairment (no handicap/no referral); 10 to 24 = 50 percent
probability of hearing
impairment (mild to moderate handicap/referral); 26 to 40 = 84
35. percent probability of hearing impairment (severe
handicap/referral).
Adapted with permission from Ventry IM, Weinstein BE.
Identification of elderly people with hearing problems. ASHA.
1983;25(7):42.
Geriatric Assessment
54 American Family Physician www.aafp.org/afp Volume 83,
Number 1 ◆ January 1, 2011
question to ask when diagnosing urge
incontinence
is, “Do you have a strong and sudden urge to
void that
makes you leak before reaching the toilet?”
(positive
likelihood ratio = 4.2; negative likelihood ratio = 0.48).
A good question to ask when diagnosing
stress incon-
tinence is, “Is your incontinence caused by
coughing,
sneezing, lifting, walking, or running?” (positive likeli-
hood ratio = 2.2; negative likelihood ratio = 0.39).26
BALANCE AND FALL PREVENTION
Impaired balance in older persons often
manifests as
falls and fall-related injuries. Approximately one-
third
of community-living olderpersons fall at least once
36. per
year, with many falling multiple times.27,28 Falls
are the
leading cause of hospitalization and injury-related
death
in persons 75 years and older.29
The Tinetti Balance and Gait Evaluation is a
useful tool
to assess a patient’s fall risk.28,30 This test
involves observ-
ing as a patient gets up from a chair
without using his
or her arms, walks 10 ft, turnsaround, walks
back, and
returns to a seated position. This entire
process should
take less than 16 seconds. Those patients who have
dif-
ficulty performing this test have an increased risk of
fall-
ing and need further evaluation.31
Older persons can decrease their fall risk with
exercise,
physical therapy, a home hazard assessment,
and with-
drawal of psychotropic medications. Guidelines
address-
ing fall prevention in older persons living in
nursing
homes have been published by the
American Medi-
cal Directors Association and the American Geriatrics
Society.32,33
37. OSTEOPOROSIS
Osteoporosis may result in low-impact or
spontaneous
fragility fractures, which can lead to a fall.14
Osteoporo-
sis can be diagnosed clinically or radiographically.34 It
is
most commonly diagnosed by dual-energy x-ray
absorp-
tiometry of the total hip, femoral neck, or lumbar
spine,
with a T-score of –2.5 or below.35,36 The
USPSTF has
advised routinely screening women 65 years and
older
for osteoporosis with dual-energy x-ray
absorptiometry
of the femoral neck.37
POLYPHARMACY
Polypharmacy, which is the use of multiple
medica-
tions or the administration of more medications
than
clinically indicated, is common in olderpersons. Among
olderadults, 30 percent of hospital admissions
and many
preventable problems, such as falls and
confusion, are
believed to be related to adverse drug effects.38
The Cen-
ters for Medicare and Medicaid Services encourages
38. the
use of the Beers criteria, which list medication
and medi-
cation classes that should be avoided in older
persons, as
part of an olderpatient’s medication assessment to
reduce
adverse effects.39,40 In 2003, a consensus panel
of experts
revised the criteria.41 The Beers criteria can
be found at
http://www.dcri.duke.edu/ccge/curtis/beers.html.
Cognition and Mental Health
DEPRESSION
The USPSTF recommends screening adults for
depres-
sion if systems of care are in place.42 Of the
several
validated screening instruments for depression, the
Geriatric Depression Scale and the Hamilton
Depression
Scale are the easiest to use and most widely
accepted.43
However, a simple two-question screening tool …
points)
A Format
CASE STUDY PAPER RUBRIC
Campbellsville Unlversity School of Buliness and Economics
39. l. Compleæd in word
application, typed, double
spaced, on standard süc
paper with margins of one
iuch on all sides. Comolies
fi:lly with the assigrureut.
(10 poinrs)
2. Ruuing hoad and page
number ia upper right-haod
comer with five spaces
botween runaing head ard
page number. Complies
firlly with the assignmenr
(I0 poins)
3. On separate page, the
word "Abstract,' cente¡ed oD
paper followed by 75-100
word overvieu Comolies
fully with rhe assignnent.
( 10 points)
4. Major headiags oentered
on page. Every word
capiblized excspt articles,
short prepositions, and
coordinating conjuactions.
Complies fully with rhe
assiFment. (5 points)
Levels of Achievement
L Completed ia word
application, typed double
spaccd, on standard sizo
40. papor with margix of one
inch on all sides. Complios
mosdy with the assignmenl
(8-9 points)
2. Runniug hoad and page
nunber in upper right-hand
oomer wità five spaces
botween ruaning head and
page number. Complies
mosdy with the assigarnent.
(8-9 points)
3. On separate page, the
word "Abstracf' centered o¡
paper followed by 75- I 00
word overview. Complies
mostly ¡¡ith tàe assignment.
(8-9 points)
4. Major headings centered
on page. Every word
capiølizod oxcept artioles,
short prepositions, and
coordinating conjunctions.
Complies mostly with the
assigunent. (4 points)
l. Completed in word
application, typed, double
.spaced, on standard size
paper wit! margirc of one
iaoh on all sidos. Complies
adoqustely witl the
assigamenl (7 points)
41. 2. Running head ald page
nunber in upper right-haad
corner with fivc spaoes
betweeu ruDljng head a¡d
page number. Complies
adequately with the
assigDment (7 points)
3. Oa separate page, the
word "Abstraof' centered oD
paper followed by 75-100
word overview. Complies
adequatcly wirh tbe
assigDmenL (7 poiats)
4. Major headings centered
on page. Every word
capitalized exccpt articles,
short prepositions, and
coordinating oorjunctions.
Complies adequately with
the assiguent. (3 points)
Unacceptable
l. Completed in word
applicatioo, t¡'ped, double
spaced, on sta:rdard size
paper with margias of one
inch on all sides. Does not
comply adequaæly with tbe
assignment (<7 points)
2. Runaing head and page
aumber in upper right-haad
comer with five spaces
42. between runaing head and
page number. Does rtot
comply adequaæly with the
assig xenL (<7 points)
3. On separate page, the
wo¡d "Abstract" centered
on paper followed by 75-
100 word overview. Does
not comply âdequately u¡it¡
the assig¡meût (<7 poinæ)
4. Major headings centered
on page. Every word
capitalizod excclrt articles,
short prepositions, and
coordinating conjunctions.
Does not comply with the
assignûrent (<3 points)
5. Visuals labeled with a¡
A¡abic nume¡al a¡d include
title on separate lines above
the visual flush left. Sou¡co
provided below the øble
flush left. Complies firlly
with the assiFrtrent.
(5 poiats)
6. References on sqlarate
(last) page, title conteröd
one inch from top, double
spaced, and alphabetized by
last name ofautho¡s. If
43. author is unkrow¡,
alphabotize by first word of
tbe tide (excluding A, An,
The). References properly
used in the text and on
roference page. Complies
firlly with the assignment
(10 points)
CASE STUDY PAPF'R RUBRIC
Campbellsville University School of Business and Economics
5. Visu¿ls labeled with an
A¡abic numeral and i¡clude
title on scparate lines above
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(last) page, title certered
oae inch ûom top, double
spaced aad alphabotÞed by
last nan¡e of autho¡s, If
autho¡ is u¡loo¡.¡,
alphabetiza by first word of
the tide (excluding A, An"
The). References properly
used in the text and on
reforence page. Complies
mostly with the assignment,
(8-9 points)
Content (50
44. points)
). V$uals labeled ¡¡ith, a¡
A¡abic ¡r¡mer¿l and i¡clude
tite on separaæ lines above
the visual flush left. Sou¡ce
provided below the table
flush left. Complies
adequately with the
assigDrnenl (3 poi*s)
6. Referenoes on scparate
(last) page, title coatered
one inch from top, double
spaced, and alpbabetized by
last name ofauthors. If
author is unknow4
alphabotize by first word of
the title (excluding , A.n,
The). Roferences properþ
usod in the æxt a¡d o¡
reference pagc. Complies
adoquately with the
assignment (7 points)
1. Provides oompelling
supporting a¡guments,
ovideace, ald exanplos
presented in the case study.
(10 points)
2. Is free oferro¡s in
gramrnar, punctuation, word
choioe, spellhg and format.
(15 points)
45. 5. Visuals labeled with an
Ar¿bic numeral and include
tidé on separate lines above
the visual flush left. Sou¡ce
provided below the table
flush left. Does not comply
with the assignnenr
(<3 poins)
6, R€feretrces on separ¿te
(last) page, title c€nt€red
one inch from top, double
spaccd and alpbabetÈed by
last ¡ame ofautho¡s. If
author is unhowa,
alphabetize by first word of
the title (exclu¡ing 4 4q
The). References properþ
used in the text and o¡
reference pago, Docs not
comply with the
assignment (<7 points)
l. Providcs adequate
zupporting arguments,
evideuce, and examples
presented in t¡.o case study.
(8-9 poi¡ts)
2. Contai¡S mi¡imal crrorS
in gnmmar, punctuation,
word choice, spelling and
formar (12-14 poinb)
¡. ,Prol'ldes med.iosre
supporting a¡gumcDts,
46. evidenoe, aad examples
preseatcd ir the case study.
(7 pôiots)
2. Co¡tai¡s numorous srro¡s
in grammar, puactuation,
word choice, çelling aud
format which are distracting
to tåc readc¡. (9-1 1 points)
i. Providas inadequate
supportingargumcnts,
evideacc, aad cxanples
presented iD the case study.
(<7 points)
2. Cont¿ins numerous errors
il g¡amroar, punctuation"
word choice, spelling and
format which confi¡se the
rcader. (<7 poiDts)
rtent Cont'd
chart, table, or map to
illusûate something in the
pape¡. (10 poi¡rs)
4. Recognize an ethical
issue from the case study or
Êom ¡ese¿¡ch ofthe
company. Evalu¿te this
issue &om a Christiar point
of view. Coraplies fi.rlly
with tåe assignmenl
47. (5 poi¡ts)
5. The introduotio¡, body
and conclusion ofthe paper
a¡e sound.
( l0 poiats)
CASE STIIDY PAPER RUBRTC
Campbellsville University Schoot of Busi¡ress and Economics
cha:t, lable, or map to
illusn-ato soo.ethi.ng in the
paper. (8-9 points)
4. Reoognize an ethical
issue Êom the case study or
from resea¡ch of the
oompany. Evaluate tlis
issue from a Christian point
of view. Complies mostly
with the assignment,
(4 points)
5. The intoductioq body
and conclusion ofthe paper
aro adequate.
(8-9 points)
not adequately illustate the
htent intended pu+ose.
(7 points)
4. Recognize an ethical
iszue Êom the case study or
Êom resea¡ch ofthe
company. Evaluate this
48. issue ûom a Christian point
of view. Complies
adequaæly with the
assigûnoDL (3 poiats)
5. Has partial or inadequaæ
iatoduction, bod¡ or
conclusion.
7 points)
t¿ble, or map to illustrate
something in the paper.
(<7 poinæ)
4. Recognize an ethical
issue Êom the case study or
from resea¡ch ofthe
Company. Evaluate this
issue from a Christian point
ofview. Does not conply
wilh the assiguent. (<3
points)
5. The introduction, body
and conclusion of the paper
a¡€ iDadequate. (<? points)
Ðoes Dot include a
Running head: KFC BUSINESS ANALYSIS CASE STUDY
12
KFC BUSINESS ANALYSIS CASE STUDY
17
49. Abstract
KFC was first introduced by Colonel Harland Sanders in 1952,
when he came up with the special fried chicken recipe and got
the idea of starting a restaurant franchise for the same. KFC was
headquartered in Louisville, Kentucky. Today it is number two
in the list of largest restaurant chains in terms of popularity
(right after KFC). Over the past decades KFC has spread its
business globally to various countries across the world. What
initially started off as a fried chicken brand has now diversified
its menu and business to other dishes including salads, pastries,
desserts, milkshakes etc. Despite having an annual revenue of
$23 billion in 2013, it has gradually started falling back and is
falling back in the race amongst chicken retailers such as
Chick-fil-a. This turning point in KFC’s growth is due to
several hindering factors such as consumers health
consciousness, stereotypical image of KFC being limited to just
chicken items, animal welfare criticisms and environmental
criticism. This paper provides an in-depth analysis of the KFC
business.
50. Introduction
Before the birth of the franchise KFC, Colonel Sanders was an
entrepreneur who started selling chicken on a roadside
restaurant in Kentucky, during the Great Depression. Colonel
Sanders discovered the special recipe for the KFC trademark
fried chicken and came up with the idea of starting a restaurant
franchise in 1952. Initially the idea of hamburgers had started in
the US and the concept of a fried chicken restaurant franchise
came of as a fresh competitive idea against hamburgers. At
some point the KFC franchise grew to such an extent that
Colonel Sanders himself couldn’t manage its growth. So, he
sold it to investors John Brown and Jack Massey. The KFC
franchise was the first fast food restaurant chain to expand
globally across other countries. By the 60s-80s countries like
Mexico, England, China were its biggest market. Over the
years, the management and leadership had changed and
transferred over to Heublein (the sprit distributor) to Pepsico
and to Yum brands. Even though, for most of its lifespan which
is continuing until today, it has received growth and expansion,
it is not without its fair share of setbacks and criticisms. It has
enjoyed a strong turnover and even boasted of a revenue of #23
billion in 2013. But over the past decade, it has seen some
criticism. For example, the franchise in China was accused of
using hormone injected chicken to boost the supply of chicken.
In the UK, DHL, which was a partner of KFC had some logistics
mismanagement issue that caused a nation wide shortage in
chicken. Countries such as India were not too welcoming of the
menu of KFC as it was not known to be very family oriented to
suit the Indian family requirements.
51. Factors that have made KFC a successful global business
KFC has undoubtedly been a leader and innovator in the fast
food industry for several decades. China has been it’s biggest
market worldwide. There are several factors that have
contributed to the success of KFC globally. But the core factors
for its success is its franchise operation protocol. Here are some
postulates of this franchise operation protocol that has
contributed to its success:
The chicken cooked in KFC has certain specific guidelines with
regards to time taken for cooking, the size of the chicken, the
margination process and timing.
The age of the chicken used has to also follow a certain limit. It
should be within 60- 70 days old from the time it is slaughtered.
The size of the restaurant should be 24x60 feet.
The restaurant washrooms should be cleaned every 3 hours.
The kitchen sink needs to be cleaned every half hour.
Food that is not sold off needs to be trashed
The workers need to have a specific clothing and uniform.
5% of the gross earnings should be used for advertisement.
1% of the gross earning should be used for nationwide
advertisement.
3% of the gross revenue should be used for R&D to find new
recipes.
The food can be ordered separately.
The restaurants need to have air condition.
Owing to these guidelines that have evolved over time, and
management has made it mandatory for all franchise owners to
implement them strictly, the quality of the KFC products and
the service offered to clients have also been top notch. This is
the most important reason contributing to KFCs continued
success over the past 60-70 years.
Global number of KFC restaurants in the past decade (Lock,
2020, Feb). Retrieved from
https://www.statista.com/statistics/256793/kfc-restaurants-
worldwide-by-geographic-region/:
52. Why are cultural factors so important to KFC’s sales success in
India and China?
With regards to the meaning of culture, Hofstede (1984) used to
define a really common but vague pair of models: “Culture
could be the collective programming of the human mind that
distinguishes the members of one human group from those of
another. Culture in this sense is really a system of collectively
held values.” In the book of Culture and International Business
(Becker, 2005), KFC offered an easy but updated definition to
produce it straightforward: “Culture is everything that folks
have, think, and do as members of these society”, which
demonstrating that culture is made up of (1) material objects;
(2) ideas, values, attitudes and beliefs; and (3) specified, or
expected behavior. This definition proposed by Becker will be
the basic guidance in this thesis.
When get down seriously to a narrower idea of cultural
adaptation in certain specific market, it can be considered as a
type of behavioral adaptation of the current organization as a
legal person. Many scholars have theorized and studied the
notion of cross-cultural adaptation, which tends to maneuver
from one culture to another one, by learning the elements such
as for example rules, norms, customs, and language of the
newest culture (Oberg 1960, Keefe and Padilla 1987, Kealey
1989). Based on Ady (1995), “Cultural adaptation may be the
evolutionary process by which someone modifies his personal
habits and customs to fit into a particular culture. It can also
refer to gradual changes in just a culture or society that occur as
folks from different backgrounds participating in the culture
and sharing their perspectives and practices.” More specifically,
“Adaptive behavior includes the age-appropriate behaviors
required for people to live independently and to function safely
and appropriately in daily life expected of his age and social
group” (Heward, 2005). To adapt to a different culture is to
manage a large challenge and to check out a new system of rules
53. in a certain group, which requires an open mind (Waldron et al,
1994)Generally speaking, cross-cultural adaptation is the
process of “adjusting the native ways of thinking and behaviors
to be consistent with the local culture” (Kotler, 1982).
Although these scholars mainly centered on the adaptation
behaviors for someone in a fresh and unfamiliar cultural
environment but not really a corporation within an unfamiliar
marketing environment, their theories and works are still
extremely valuable and important in guiding this investigation,
and provide solid theoretical foundation and methods for the
authors to continue the analysis.
Cultural factors in India that go against KFC’s original recipe.
India is known for colorfully exotic food that consumes a lot of
the afternoon to get ready, while junk food could be the
culinary reflection of the fast-paced, consumerist society the
nation has become embracing.
Restaurants, traditionally employed for formal celebrations, are
increasingly becoming hangouts for young, working, middle-
class Indians with money to splurge. KFC statistics reveal that
nearly two-thirds of Indians — or roughly 845 million people,
more than twice the U.S. population – eat out at least once a
week.
"A very important factor that can draw our attention is that
people are eating dinner out more frequently," said Professor
Abhirup Sakar of the Economic Research Unit at the Indian
Statistical Institute. "Say 30 years ago, you invite someone
[over], and you would fix dinner at home. But not really much
at present."
Many consumers looking for a quick, tasty, and relatively
inexpensive meal are venturing out to KFC, that is considered
one of the trendiest restaurants in India, drawing affluent people
who wish to be observed, Sakar says.
Changing food trends in India reflect a broad globalization of
the culture.
Increased experience of international cuisine through the media
54. and frequent travel encourages people to take part in the ever-
growing food trend and to imitate what is trendy in television,
movies and other areas of pop culture.
KFC is particularly attractive to the young because of its
contemporary look, unique menu, and ability to combine two
very distinct worlds into one taste palate. "Its like having
American food with a KFC twist to it; it tickles your tastebuds,
and that's why people keep returning, " said Soumi Paul
Chowdhury, 22, a master’s student at the Rabindra Bharati
University in Kolkata. "You can't own it once and be satisfied."
Chaudhary said in a December 2014 press conference that he's
capitalizing on such sentiments with a "brand-building strategy
centered on providing exceptional customer service, localized
menu offerings, a talented yet diverse workforce" and a wide
presence in big cities.
Why did Kentucky Fried Chicken change its name to KFC?
Kentucky Fried Chicken (KFC) is the biggest junk food chain
offering fried chicken products on earth (Deng, 2011). The
mother company of KFC is YUM! Brands, Inc. It's the largest
junk food chain when it comes to system units—owning 38,000
restaurants all over the world in more than 110 countries and
regions (Yum! Brands website, 2012).
KFC first landed in Beijing, the ancient capital of China on
November 12th, 1987, and Beijing KFC Co., Ltd. is the very
first Sino-foreign joint venture doing junk food business in
China. There after this junk food company started its rapid
expansion in the United Kingdom with the largest population on
the earth. Within their first 5-years (till 1992), they developed
11 restaurants. On June 25th, 1996, KFC opened its 100th
Chinese restaurant in Beijing, and just on the very first day of
this month, their restaurant of People's Park in Shanghai had an
everyday turnover of 400,000 RMB which made the current
restaurant a new record of highest turnover one-day in the
single store among all KFC restaurants worldwide. Nowadays,
KFC restaurants are serving almost 10 million consumers daily
in China (KFC website, 2012).
55. As the group gets more knowledgeable on running their
business in China, its team is also getting bigger and stronger.
Its rapid development creates a huge amount of positions in
China from the beginning of the entry. By the conclusion of
2007, KFC has employed more than 160.000 people as its
Chinese
staff, and it had been announced that KFC would insist to
employ local people who have a rate of 100 percent (KFC
website, 2012).
Meanwhile, whilst the pioneer and leader with this industry,
KFC also affects the supply chain from the beginning of these
business in Chinese market. Previously 24 years, KFC has
purchased more than 700,000 tons of chicken in China, fully
from the local suppliers. The group has a unique global standard
to coach and evaluate their over 500 Chinese suppliers. These
partnerships give you the restaurants with 90% of the rural
material from chicken, salad to packages and fixed equipments
(Bian, 2009).
How does the SWOT analysis of KFC affect the future of KFC?
The KFC fast food restaurant became famous for its tasty
chicken. The company has become successful due to its much
strength. However, it suffers from several threats and
weaknesses, which can be dealt with on time. One of KFC’s
strengths is that it is an internationally famous and well-known
venue with over 1500 outlets in 120 countries. Another strength
is that it offers non-meat options unlike other fast-food
restaurants, and people can enjoy vegan meals. One of the
weaknesses facing KFC is they have a flawed menu, which
consists of many calories ("SWOT analysis of KFC," 2019.
Nowadays, people have become so health-conscious that they do
not allow their bodies to be taken over by calories of greasy
chicken. Another common weakness of KFC is their franchise
system. The management system requires that every outlet is
individually managed, and this can lead to poor management
and inadequate production, which can affect the overall brand
56. due to one mismanagement. KFC has an opportunity to get into
a new market without doing away with their common chicken,
specializing their vegetarian meals, which is not familiar with
other fast-food restaurants. The most common threat for KFC
health-conscious customers and it makes KFC nervous about
losing their famous greasy chicken. Another danger is;
competition from other fast-food restaurants, and for KFC to
remain competitive, they must suffer an increased cost in raw
materials.
Closing Summary
KFC is one of the companies that have managed to go global
very successfully. The reason that KFC has been able to go
global is due to its unique international marketing strategies.
KFC knew well how to market its chicken and venture into
global markets (Jain 2019). The cultural factors that go against
KFCs original recipe in India are that the large Indian families
wanted more variety of foods other than chicken, which forced
KFC to replace its innovative menus with different preferred
menus. There were so many assumed theories as to why KFC
changed its name. However, they made it clear that they evolved
from Kentucky fried chicken to KFC to get away from the word
"fried" due to health-conscious patrons.
57. References:
Booms, B.H., Bitner, M.J. (1981), "Marketing strategies and
organization structures for service firms", in Donnelly, J.H.,
George, W.R. (Eds),Marketing of Services, American Marketing
Association, Chicago, IL, P. 47-51 .
Brown, S. W, Gummesson, E., Edvardsson, B., and Gustavsson,
B. (1991) Service Quality, Multidisciplinary and Multinational
Perspectives, Lexington Books, 2 P.26-28
Buttle, F. (1986) Hotel and Service Management, London:
Casel.
Buzzell, R. (1968). Can You Standardize Multinational
Marketing? Harvard Business Review 46 (November–
December):P. 102–113.
Calantone, R, Cavusgil, S, Schmidt, J, & Shin, G (2004),
'Internationalization and the Dynamics of Product Adaptation—
An Empirical Investigation', Journal Of Product Innovation
Management, 21, 3, P. 185-198
Chen S. (2006). The comparison analysis of the development of
Chinese and western restaurants chains. Business Culture, 2006.
21
“Chinatoday- Sudan Red I and China’s Food Safety”
http://www.chinatoday.com.cn/English/e2005/e200506/p32.htm
(5.20, 2012)
Cleveland M., Laroche M. (2007) Acculturation to the global
consumer culture: Scale development and research paradigm.
Journal of Business Research; 60 (3): P. 249-259.
CNNIC (China Internet Network Information Center) (2011),
China Internet Development Report, Publishing House of
Electronic Industry, P. 32-34
Constantinides, E. (2006) The Marketing Mix Revisited:
Towards the 21st Century Marketing, Journal of Marketing
Management 2006(22), P. 407-438
De Chernatony, L., Halliburton, C., Bernath, R. (1995)
International branding: demand- or supply driven opportunity?
58. International Marketing Review; 12 (2): P. 9-21.
Deng, J. (2011), Analysis of KCF and McDonald’s Competitive
Strategy
Douglas, S. P. and Wind, Y. (1987). The Myth of Globalization
Columbia Journal of World Business 22(Winter):P. 19–29.
SWOT analysis of KFC. (2019, September 17). PESTLE
Analysis. https://pestleanalysis.com/swot-analysis-of-kfc/
Jain, R. (2019). An Analytical Study of Customer Satisfaction
towards KFC Restaurant chain in Udaipur City. Journal of the
Gujarat Research Society, 21(16), 999-1004.
Business Strategy
Group B
Case Study- KFC Business Analysis
59. Abstract
Introduced in 1952 by Colonel Sanders
Second largest restaurant chain today in terms of popularity
Annual revenue of $23 billion
Diversified its menu to suit cultural needs of people across
different countries
Hindering factors in KFC’s growth are growing consumer health
consciousness, animal welfare criticism, environmental
criticism
Introduction
KFC was born in 1952 and its founder was Colonel Sanders
First franchise to grow globally over international market
By the 1960s – 1980s the market was booming in countries like
England, Mexico, China
Management and ownership transferred over the years to
Heublin, Yum Brands and PepsiCo.
Annual revenue of $23 billion in 2013
KFC had expanded its menu to suit cultural needs of people
across different countries
Hindering factors in KFC’s growth are growing consumer health
consciousness, animal welfare criticism, environmental
criticism, logistic management issue in UK, cultural differences
in Asian countries towards accepting the fried chicken menu.
60. Factors contributing to KFC’s global success
The core reason for KFCs success is it’s mandate to follow
strict franchise protocols that have continuously satisfied
customers demands:
The quality of the chicken cooked in KFC has certain specific
guidelines
The size of the restaurant should be 24x60 feet.
The restaurant washrooms and ktichen has certain cleanliness
standards
Food that is not sold off needs to be trashed
The workers need to have a specific clothing and uniform.
A certain % of the gross earnings should be used for
advertisement and R&D
Air conditioning is mandatory in the outlets
61. Global number of KFC restaurants in the past decade
Importance of cultural factors to KFC’s sales success in India
and China
Culture is the collective programming of the human mind that
distinguishes the members of one human group from those of
another. Culture in this sense is a system of collectively held
values
“Culture is everything that people have, think, and do as
members of their society”, which demonstrating that culture is
made up of (1) material objects; (2) ideas, values, attitudes and
beliefs; and (3) specified, or expected behavior.
Many scholars have theorized and studied the notion of cross-
cultural adaptation, which tends to move from one culture to
another one, by learning the elements such as rules, norms,
customs, and language of the new culture (Oberg 1960, Keefe
and Padilla 1987, Kealey 1989). According to Ady (1995),
“Cultural adaptation is the evolutionary process by which an
individual modifies his personal habits and customs to fit into a
particular culture. It can also refer to gradual changes within a
culture or society that occur as people from different
backgrounds participating in the culture and sharing their
perspectives and practices.”
62. Cultural factors in India that go against KFC’s original recipe.
There are few important factors affect to change KFC’s recipe
Restaurants, traditionally employed for formal celebrations, are
increasingly becoming hangouts for young, working, middle-
class Indians with money to splurge.
A very important factor that can draw our attention is that
people are eating dinner out more frequently
Research say 30 years ago, you invite someone [over], and you
would fix dinner at home. But not much at present.
Many consumers looking for a quick, tasty, and relatively
inexpensive meal are venturing out to KFC, that is considered
one of the trendiest restaurants in India.
Why did Kentucky Fried Chicken change its name to KFC?
Maybe because KFC is simply to say full name. Or perhaps KFC
fits better on signs. We wished to let our customers know that
people had more for them to enjoy than simply fried chicken,
and many were already calling us KFC, since it was much easier
to say.
Truth is, we didn't do a best wishes at explaining the KFC name
change, which left the doorway open for individuals to get
creative with the reason. And boy did they! Shortly following
the name change, an email chain letter—it absolutely was 1991,
63. remember—begun to spread the rumor that Kentucky Fried
Chicken used genetically modified chickens and was forced to
get rid of the word “chicken” from its name.
KFC Strengths And Weaknesses
It is a worldwide market leading company which has chicken
as the primary product (Omer 2018).
It has a strong market upcoming in China
Has a strong partnership combination which is KFC pizza hut,
and KFC taco bell
Weakness that KFC faces is their unhealthy food menu
Lack of good management skills
They face a lot of negative publicity which significantly affects
their future
KFC opportunities And Threats
KFC has created an opportunity for increasing their demand for
healthy food
They also plan on introducing new products besides their
64. chicken
Main threats that KFC has faced is a bad trend towards healthy
eating
KFC has faced currency fluctuations (Omer 2018).
Competition with local fast food chains creates tension for KFC
KFC has had to deal with multiple law suits from different
individuals and groups
There is saturated fast food market , which threatens the growth
of KFC
Factors That Made KFC A Successful Global Business
KFC has ben able to come up with significant international
marketing strategies
KFC has focused on good service provision which allows for
customer maintenance (Rahman 2019).
Product constituency is another factor that has made the
company go international
Partnership strategies allowed KFC the opportunity to grow and
become international
KFC has created a brand for itself so its not so hard to become
international
65. Cultural Factors In India
Large Indian families demand a variety of foods, instead of the
monotonous chicken (Manideep & Yeshwanth 2018).
Indian families believed that KFC was too expensive for them
Indians wanted KFC to resemble a family restaurant
KFC was forced to replace coleslaws with green salads
They also changed their positioning to fit the Indian family
style
The reason that KFC changed its name, is to do way with the
name “ fried “ in their name, for heath precaution
References
Manideep, K., Mythili, G. Y., Gowtham, K., Gowtham, V., CH,
S. V., & Yeshwanth, S. (2018). Study on eating habits among
different age group in south India. International Journal for
Advance Research and Development, 3(4), 47-49.
Omer, S. K. (2018). SWOT analysis: The tool of organizations
stability (KFC) as a case study. Journal of Process Management.
New Technologies, 6(4), 27-34.
Rahman, M. M. (2019). Cultural Differences, Strengths,
Weaknesses and Challenges of Kentucky Fried Chicken (KFC)–
A Comparison between and United Kingdom (UK)
66. Malaysia. Global Journal of Management And Business
Research.
Running head: KFC BUSINESS ANALYSIS CASE STUDY
12
KFC BUSINESS ANALYSIS CASE STUDY
17
Abstract
KFC was first introduced by Colonel Harland Sanders in 1952,
when he came up with the special fried chicken recipe and got
the idea of starting a restaurant franchise for the same. KFC was
headquartered in Louisville, Kentucky. Today it is number two
in the list of largest restaurant chains in terms of popularity
(right after KFC). Over the past decades KFC has spread its
business globally to various countries across the world. What
initially started off as a fried chicken brand has now diversified
its menu and business to other dishes including salads, pastries,
desserts, milkshakes etc. Despite having an annual revenue of
$23 billion in 2013, it has gradually started falling back and is
falling back in the race amongst chicken retailers such as
Chick-fil-a. This turning point in KFC’s growth is due to
several hindering factors such as consumers health
67. consciousness, stereotypical image of KFC being limited to just
chicken items, animal welfare criticisms and environmental
criticism. This paper provides an in-depth analysis of the KFC
business.
Introduction
Before the birth of the franchise KFC, Colonel Sanders was an
entrepreneur who started selling chicken on a roadside
restaurant in Kentucky, during the Great Depression. Colonel
Sanders discovered the special recipe for the KFC trademark
fried chicken and came up with the idea of starting a restaurant
franchise in 1952. Initially the idea of hamburgers had started in
the US and the concept of a fried chicken restaurant franchise
came of as a fresh competitive idea against hamburgers. At
some point the KFC franchise grew to such an extent that
Colonel Sanders himself couldn’t manage its growth. So, he
sold it to investors John Brown and Jack Massey. The KFC
franchise was the first fast food restaurant chain to expand
globally across other countries. By the 60s-80s countries like
Mexico, England, China were its biggest market. Over the
68. years, the management and leadership had changed and
transferred over to Heublein (the sprit distributor) to Pepsico
and to Yum brands. Even though, for most of its lifespan which
is continuing until today, it has received growth and expansion,
it is not without its fair share of setbacks and criticisms. It has
enjoyed a strong turnover and even boasted of a revenue of #23
billion in 2013. But over the past decade, it has seen some
criticism. For example, the franchise in China was accused of
using hormone injected chicken to boost the supply of chicken.
In the UK, DHL, which was a partner of KFC had some logistics
mismanagement issue that caused a nation wide shortage in
chicken. Countries such as India were not too welcoming of the
menu of KFC as it was not known to be very family oriented to
suit the Indian family requirements.
Factors that have made KFC a successful global business
KFC has undoubtedly been a leader and innovator in the fast
food industry for several decades. China has been it’s biggest
market worldwide. There are several factors that have
contributed to the success of KFC globally. But the core factors
for its success is its franchise operation protocol. Here are some
postulates of this franchise operation protocol that has
contributed to its success:
The chicken cooked in KFC has certain specific guidelines with
regards to time taken for cooking, the size of the chicken, the
margination process and timing.
The age of the chicken used has to also follow a certain limit. It
should be within 60- 70 days old from the time it is slaughtered.
The size of the restaurant should be 24x60 feet.
The restaurant washrooms should be cleaned every 3 hours.
The kitchen sink needs to be cleaned every half hour.
Food that is not sold off needs to be trashed
The workers need to have a specific clothing and uniform.
5% of the gross earnings should be used for advertisement.
1% of the gross earning should be used for nationwide
advertisement.
69. 3% of the gross revenue should be used for R&D to find new
recipes.
The food can be ordered separately.
The restaurants need to have air condition.
Owing to these guidelines that have evolved over time, and
management has made it mandatory for all franchise owners to
implement them strictly, the quality of the KFC products and
the service offered to clients have also been top notch. This is
the most important reason contributing to KFCs continued
success over the past 60-70 years.
Global number of KFC restaurants in the past decade (Lock,
2020, Feb). Retrieved from
https://www.statista.com/statistics/256793/kfc-restaurants-
worldwide-by-geographic-region/:
Why are cultural factors so important to KFC’s sales success in
India and China?
With regards to the meaning of culture, Hofstede (1984) used to
define a really common but vague pair of models: “Culture
could be the collective programming of the human mind that
distinguishes the members of one human group from those of
another. Culture in this sense is really a system of collectively
held values.” In the book of Culture and International Business
(Becker, 2005), KFC offered an easy but updated definition to
produce it straightforward: “Culture is everything that folks
have, think, and do as members of these society”, which
demonstrating that culture is made up of (1) material objects;
(2) ideas, values, attitudes and beliefs; and (3) specified, or
expected behavior. This definition proposed by Becker will be
the basic guidance in this thesis.
When get down seriously to a narrower idea of cultural
adaptation in certain specific market, it can be considered as a
type of behavioral adaptation of the current organization as a
legal person. Many scholars have theorized and studied the
70. notion of cross-cultural adaptation, which tends to maneuver
from one culture to another one, by learning the elements such
as for example rules, norms, customs, and language of the
newest culture (Oberg 1960, Keefe and Padilla 1987, Kealey
1989). Based on Ady (1995), “Cultural adaptation may be the
evolutionary process by which someone modifies his personal
habits and customs to fit into a particular culture. It can also
refer to gradual changes in just a culture or society that occur as
folks from different backgrounds participating in the culture
and sharing their perspectives and practices.” More specifically,
“Adaptive behavior includes the age-appropriate behaviors
required for people to live independently and to function safely
and appropriately in daily life expected of his age and social
group” (Heward, 2005). To adapt to a different culture is to
manage a large challenge and to check out a new system of rules
in a certain group, which requires an open mind (Waldron et al,
1994)Generally speaking, cross-cultural adaptation is the
process of “adjusting the native ways of thinking and behaviors
to be consistent with the local culture” (Kotler, 1982).
Although these scholars mainly centered on the adaptation
behaviors for someone in a fresh and unfamiliar cultural
environment but not really a corporation within an unfamiliar
marketing environment, their theories and works are still
extremely valuable and important in guiding this investigation,
and provide solid theoretical foundation and methods for the
authors to continue the analysis.
Cultural factors in India that go against KFC’s original recipe.
India is known for colorfully exotic food that consumes a lot of
the afternoon to get ready, while junk food could be the
culinary reflection of the fast-paced, consumerist society the
nation has become embracing.
Restaurants, traditionally employed for formal celebrations, are
increasingly becoming hangouts for young, working, middle-
class Indians with money to splurge. KFC statistics reveal that
nearly two-thirds of Indians — or roughly 845 million people,
71. more than twice the U.S. population – eat out at least once a
week.
"A very important factor that can draw our attention is that
people are eating dinner out more frequently," said Professor
Abhirup Sakar of the Economic Research Unit at the Indian
Statistical Institute. "Say 30 years ago, you invite someone
[over], and you would fix dinner at home. But not really much
at present."
Many consumers looking for a quick, tasty, and relatively
inexpensive meal are venturing out to KFC, that is considered
one of the trendiest restaurants in India, drawing affluent people
who wish to be observed, Sakar says.
Changing food trends in India reflect a broad globalization of
the culture.
Increased experience of international cuisine through the media
and frequent travel encourages people to take part in the ever-
growing food trend and to imitate what is trendy in television,
movies and other areas of pop culture.
KFC is particularly attractive to the young because of its
contemporary look, unique menu, and ability to combine two
very distinct worlds into one taste palate. "Its like having
American food with a KFC twist to it; it tickles your tastebuds,
and that's why people keep returning, " said Soumi Paul
Chowdhury, 22, a master’s student at the Rabindra Bharati
University in Kolkata. "You can't own it once and be satisfied."
Chaudhary said in a December 2014 press conference that he's
capitalizing on such sentiments with a "brand-building strategy
centered on providing exceptional customer service, localized
menu offerings, a talented yet diverse workforce" and a wide
presence in big cities.
Why did Kentucky Fried Chicken change its name to KFC?
Kentucky Fried Chicken (KFC) is the biggest junk food chain
offering fried chicken products on earth (Deng, 2011). The
mother company of KFC is YUM! Brands, Inc. It's the largest
junk food chain when it comes to system units—owning 38,000
restaurants all over the world in more than 110 countries and
72. regions (Yum! Brands website, 2012).
KFC first landed in Beijing, the ancient capital of China on
November 12th, 1987, and Beijing KFC Co., Ltd. is the very
first Sino-foreign joint venture doing junk food business in
China. There after this junk food company started its rapid
expansion in the United Kingdom with the largest population on
the earth. Within their first 5-years (till 1992), they developed
11 restaurants. On June 25th, 1996, KFC opened its 100th
Chinese restaurant in Beijing, and just on the very first day of
this month, their restaurant of People's Park in Shanghai had an
everyday turnover of 400,000 RMB which made the current
restaurant a new record of highest turnover one-day in the
single store among all KFC restaurants worldwide. Nowadays,
KFC restaurants are serving almost 10 million consumers daily
in China (KFC website, 2012).
As the group gets more knowledgeable on running their
business in China, its team is also getting bigger and stronger.
Its rapid development creates a huge amount of positions in
China from the beginning of the entry. By the conclusion of
2007, KFC has employed more than 160.000 people as its
Chinese
staff, and it had been announced that KFC would insist to
employ local people who have a rate of 100 percent (KFC
website, 2012).
Meanwhile, whilst the pioneer and leader with this industry,
KFC also affects the supply chain from the beginning of these
business in Chinese market. Previously 24 years, KFC has
purchased more than 700,000 tons of chicken in China, fully
from the local suppliers. The group has a unique global standard
to coach and evaluate their over 500 Chinese suppliers. These
partnerships give you the restaurants with 90% of the rural
material from chicken, salad to packages and fixed equipments
(Bian, 2009).
How does the SWOT analysis of KFC affect the future of KFC?
The KFC fast food restaurant became famous for its tasty
73. chicken. The company has become successful due to its much
strength. However, it suffers from several threats and
weaknesses, which can be dealt with on time. One of KFC’s
strengths is that it is an internationally famous and well-known
venue with over 1500 outlets in 120 countries. Another strength
is that it offers non-meat options unlike other fast-food
restaurants, and people can enjoy vegan meals. One of the
weaknesses facing KFC is they have a flawed menu, which
consists of many calories ("SWOT analysis of KFC," 2019.
Nowadays, people have become so health-conscious that they do
not allow their bodies to be taken over by calories of greasy
chicken. Another common weakness of KFC is their franchise
system. The management system requires that every outlet is
individually managed, and this can lead to poor management
and inadequate production, which can affect the overall brand
due to one mismanagement. KFC has an opportunity to get into
a new market without doing away with their common chicken,
specializing their vegetarian meals, which is not familiar with
other fast-food restaurants. The most common threat for KFC
health-conscious customers and it makes KFC nervous about
losing their famous greasy chicken. Another danger is;
competition from other fast-food restaurants, and for KFC to
remain competitive, they must suffer an increased cost in raw
materials.
Closing Summary
KFC is one of the companies that have managed to go global
very successfully. The reason that KFC has been able to go
global is due to its unique international marketing strategies.
KFC knew well how to market its chicken and venture into
global markets (Jain 2019). The cultural factors that go against
KFCs original recipe in India are that the large Indian families
wanted more variety of foods other than chicken, which forced
KFC to replace its innovative menus with different preferred
menus. There were so many assumed theories as to why KFC
changed its name. However, they made it clear that they evolved
from Kentucky fried chicken to KFC to get away from the word
74. "fried" due to health-conscious patrons.
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organization structures for service firms", in Donnelly, J.H.,
George, W.R. (Eds),Marketing of Services, American Marketing
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B. (1991) Service Quality, Multidisciplinary and Multinational
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Buttle, F. (1986) Hotel and Service Management, London:
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Buzzell, R. (1968). Can You Standardize Multinational
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Calantone, R, Cavusgil, S, Schmidt, J, & Shin, G (2004),
'Internationalization and the Dynamics of Product Adaptation—
An Empirical Investigation', Journal Of Product Innovation
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Chen S. (2006). The comparison analysis of the development of
Chinese and western restaurants chains. Business Culture, 2006.
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http://www.chinatoday.com.cn/English/e2005/e200506/p32.htm
(5.20, 2012)
Cleveland M., Laroche M. (2007) Acculturation to the global
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CNNIC (China Internet Network Information Center) (2011),
China Internet Development Report, Publishing House of
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Constantinides, E. (2006) The Marketing Mix Revisited:
Towards the 21st Century Marketing, Journal of Marketing
Management 2006(22), P. 407-438
De Chernatony, L., Halliburton, C., Bernath, R. (1995)
International branding: demand- or supply driven opportunity?
International Marketing Review; 12 (2): P. 9-21.
Deng, J. (2011), Analysis of KCF and McDonald’s Competitive
Strategy
Douglas, S. P. and Wind, Y. (1987). The Myth of Globalization
Columbia Journal of World Business 22(Winter):P. 19–29.
SWOT analysis of KFC. (2019, September 17). PESTLE
Analysis. https://pestleanalysis.com/swot-analysis-of-kfc/
Jain, R. (2019). An Analytical Study of Customer Satisfaction
towards KFC Restaurant chain in Udaipur City. Journal of the
Gujarat Research Society, 21(16), 999-1004.
76. points)
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with tåe assignmenl
(5 poi¡ts)
5. The introduotio¡, body
and conclusion ofthe paper
a¡e sound.
( l0 poiats)
CASE STIIDY PAPER RUBRTC
Campbellsville University Schoot of Busi¡ress and Economics
cha:t, lable, or map to
illusn-ato soo.ethi.ng in the
paper. (8-9 points)
4. Reoognize an ethical
issue Êom the case study or
from resea¡ch of the
oompany. Evaluate tlis
issue from a Christian point
of view. Complies mostly
with the assignment,
(4 points)
5. The intoductioq body
and conclusion ofthe paper
aro adequate.
(8-9 points)
85. not adequately illustate the
htent intended pu+ose.
(7 points)
4. Recognize an ethical
iszue Êom the case study or
Êom resea¡ch ofthe
company. Evaluate this
issue ûom a Christian point
of view. Complies
adequaæly with the
assigûnoDL (3 poiats)
5. Has partial or inadequaæ
iatoduction, bod¡ or
conclusion.
7 points)
t¿ble, or map to illustrate
something in the paper.
(<7 poinæ)
4. Recognize an ethical
issue Êom the case study or
from resea¡ch ofthe
Company. Evaluate this
issue from a Christian point
ofview. Does not conply
wilh the assiguent. (<3
points)
5. The introduction, body
and conclusion of the paper
a¡€ iDadequate. (<? points)