The document summarizes the key steps in highway construction. It discusses (1) clearing and grubbing the construction area, (2) preparing the subgrade foundation, (3) laying down a granular sub-base layer, and (4) placing and compacting a wet mix macadam surface layer. The presentation was for an internship on an expansion project at an oil refinery in Panipat, India and covered the major components and typical machinery used in road construction projects.

1. HINDU COLLEGE OF
ENGINEERING SONEPAT
Submitted to:-
Mr. Chirag Rohilla
Head of Department
Department of Civil Engineering
INTERNSHIP PRESENTATION ON HIGHWAY
CONSTRUCTION
Submitted by:-
Deepak Kumar
Roll No: 19011009005
7th Sem (4th year)

2. Contents
• Project Details
• Introduction
• Categories of Roads
• Components of Road Surface
• Machine Used
• Clearing and Grubbing
• Subgrade
• Granular Sub Base(GSB)
• Wet Mix Macadam (WMM)
• Conclusion

3. S.No Project Detail Description
1. Project Name
PR Expansion Project (P25) of IOCL,
Panipat Refinery
2. Site Location Panipat, Haryana
3. Project Head Mr. Askhok Rawal
4. Area Conveyed by Project Panipat Refinery Expand
Project Details

4. INTRODUCTION
 Development of a country depends on the connectivity of various places with
adequate road network.
 Road constitute the most important made of communication in areas where
railways have not developed much
 India has one of the largest road networks in the world (over 3 million km at
present)

5. For the purpose of management and administration, roads in India are
divided into the following five categories:
1. National Highways (NH)
2. State Highways (SH)
3. Major District Roads (MDR)
4. Other District Roads (ODR)
5. Village Roads (VR)

6. COMPONENTS OF A ROAD SURFACE
 Sub-Grade
 Sub-Base
 Base
 Wearing course or Surface course

7. MACHINE USED ON THE SITE
 Grader
 Roller
 Water tank
 Levelling Machine
 JCB

8. Clearing and Grubbing of the Road Construction Area
 Preparing the road right-of-way or construction area is referred
to as clearing and grubbing.
 During the clearing phase, trees are felled.
 Grubbing refers to the clearing and removal of
stumps and organic debris.
 Trees should be felled and cleared a minimum of 1 to
3m from the top of the cut or toe of the fill .

9. Subgrade
 The foundation of the pavement structure is known as subgrade.
 Preparation of subgrade consists of all operations before the
pavement structure is placed over it and compacted.
 The subgrade may be situated on an embankment, by excavation,
or at the existing ground surface.
 Site Clearance Clearing Grubbing Operation should be done
before starting the pavement structure construction.

10. Granular Sub Base(GSB)
 It is a natural or designed construction material used as a
sub-base layer for road construction.
 Granular Sub Base is a layer in the road foundation just
above the compacted sub-grade layer.
 GSB or granular sub base prevents capillary water from rising;
its particle size is so designed that the capillary action stops and
cannot go beyond the GSB layer.
 It works like a drainage layer where water can pass without
damaging other road layers.

11. Wet Mix Macadam (WMM)
 It work includes laying and compacting clean, crushed,
graded aggregate and granular material premixed with
water to a dense mass on a prepared GSB layer or existing
pavement as per the requirement of the project.
 WMM can be laid in one or more layers, but the thickness of
the single compacted layer is not less than 75mm, and the
maximum of 200mm when vibrating or other approved types
of compacting equipment are used.

12. Conclusion
Fundamentals of Road Construction consists of following topics:
 Construction Management Overview
 Preliminary investigation
 Setting Out
 Earthworks
 Pavements
 Drainage
 Roadsides