Molecules like glucose usually need a special transporter protein to.pdf

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Molecules like glucose usually need a special transporter protein to provide a tunnel through cell membranes. Explain why using the chemical properties of the cell membrane. Solution Hi, The cell envelope is made up of lipid bilayer. This bilayer is hydrophobic in nature ( non polar) and does not allow all molecules to pass freely across the membrane. Only small uncharged molecules ( O2, CO2) can pass through it. Even the small uncharged polar molecules such as H2O can pass through it it. But the larger uncharged polar molecules cannot pass through it freely, such as Glucose. The charged molecules such as Na+, H+ are polar in nature and hence cannot pass through the non-polar lipid bilayer regardless of size. They all need specialized transporters to facilitate their transport without interaction with hydrophobic bilayer..

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Please help! Not sure about these questions..thanks Which can cross the phospholipid bilayer of a membrane without assistance from transport proteins? A. Ions such as Na+. B. Small hydrophobic molecules such as O2. C. Small hydrophilic molecules such as glucose. D. Any small molecule or ion. QUESTION 2 Which transport process requires a cell to expend energy? A. Moving a solute up its concentration gradient. B. No transport processes require energy. C. Moving a solute either up or down its concentration gradient. D. Moving a solute down its concentration gradient. QUESTION 3 Imagine a cell whose membrane is permeable to water, but impermeable to solute X. If solute X is more concentrated outside the cell than inside, which way will water move by osmosis? A. Water will not move in either direction, in or out of the cell. B. Water will move equally in both directions, in and out of the cell. C. Water will leave the cell. D. Water will enter the cell. QUESTION 4 The cellular structure that encloses the DNA/genes is the ribosome. plasma membrane. nucleus. mitochondrion. QUESTION 5 The part of metabolism that builds larger, more complex molecules or structures from smaller, simpler components is A. anabolism. B. catabolism. C. catalysis. D. hydrolysis. QUESTION 6 In an exergonic reaction A. the reactants have more energy than the products, so energy is absorbed. B. the reactants have more energy than the products, so energy is released. C. the reactants have less energy than the products, so energy is released. D. the reactants have less energy than the products, so energy is absorbed. A. Ions such as Na+. B. Small hydrophobic molecules such as O2. C. Small hydrophilic molecules such as glucose. D. Any small molecule or ion. Solution Q1. B. Small hydrophobic molecules such as O2. small, non-polar molecules, such as oxygen and carbon dioxide, can easily cross the membrane Q2. A. Moving a solute up its concentration gradient. cell expends energy (for example, in the form of ATP) to move a substance against its concentration gradient. Q3.C. Water will leave the cell. Water moves from its high concentration to its lower concentration across the membrane (osmosis) Q4. nucleus. Q5. A. anabolism. anabolism utilizes the energy to synthesize complex molecules Q6. B. the reactants have more energy than the products, so energy is released..

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Consider the following interrupting system. The active-edge inputs o.pdf

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Case History- An 11-month old Boy who\'s blue and short of breath Chief Complaint: An 11-month old boy brought to the pediatric clinic with difficulty breathing. History: Austin Green, an 11-month old Caucasian boy was brought by his foster parents to the Pediatric clinic with comnplaint of dyspnea (i.e difficulty breathing) and fatigue. These episodes last for several minutes, occur daily, and happen most copmmonly during exertion (i.e exercise). Austin spent the first 9 months of his life with hisbiological parents, but recent social problems have necessitated that he receive foster care.His foster parents have had him for the past month, and they have note that these \"breathing spells\" have become more frequent and severe over period of time. They also note that Austinb\'s shortness of breath diminishes somewhat if he lies down. Interestingly, he frequently assumes a squatting position during these episodes, and this seems to reduce hsi symptoms as well. His foster parents report that Austin has had no nausea, vomiting, change in appetie, or change in bowel or bladder habits. He is currently on no medications and no known allergies. There is no medical information available about any othefr member of Austin\'s biological family. Lab. test results: Hematocrit 43% normal (37-47%) Hemoglobin 14mg/dl (normal 12-16ml/dl) PH =7.21 (normal range=7.35 to 7.45) [HCO^-3]=18meq/L (normal range=22 to 26 me=Eq/L) 1. The cardiologist ordered X-ray that showed decreased blood flow to the lungs. A follow-up echocardiogram revealed the following abnormalities in Austin\'s heart. (A) a narrowing of pulmonic valve, (B) a thickening of right ventriclewall, (C) a ventricular septal hole allowing direct exchange of blood between the right and the left ventricles, (D) an aorta that was shifted in position so that it was over-riding the right venbtricl, allowing it to recieve blood from both the left and the right ventricle. What is the name of Austin\'s condition? 2. What is specifically causing the heart murmur? 3. Why did the chest X-ray show freduced pulmonary blood flow? 4. Austin has a thickening right ventriclewall. what type of hypertropy is this? Why does Austin have this particular type of ventricular hypertrophy? BE SPECIFIC 5. Why di Austin\'s EGG show a right-shufted ventricular depolarization axis? 6. Which way will blood typically flow through Austin\'s ventricular septal defect(i.e from the left ventricle to the right ventricle, or vice versa? explain your answer in detail 7. Why is Austin cyanotic? BE SPECIFIC 8. Why does supplemental oxygen therapy did not correct Austin\'s cyanosis? BE SPECIFIC 9. How might the squatting position help relieve Auatin\'s dyspnea? 10. Why is Austin\'s... (a) arterial pCO2 higher than normal? (b). arterial [HCO^-3] lower than normal? (c). arterial PH lower than normal? 11. Describe treatments for Austin\'s condition? Solution 1. Cyanosis 2. Murmurs casues: problem with heart valve close and open to let blood flow.

Case History- An 11-month old Boy whos blue and short of breathC.pdf

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